Chapter (4)

What is the fundamental difference between transactional and

transformational leader behavior?
Educational leaders usually have a great influence on the behavior of
employees, teachers, and students. In fact, the behavior of the principle from an
influence perspective is described by the experts as being either transactional or
transformational. In spite of being different in meaning, concept, nature and
motivational tool used, many people find it difficult to understand the difference
between them.
Transactional leader's behavior refers to a behavior that emphasis on the
transaction between the principal and the employees or as Sergiovanni (2001)
described it "a political quid pro quo" and this may work in a settled environment
where the leader works for just improving the present condition. On the other
hand, the transformational behavior is a principle's behavior that leads to the
change or the transform of the employees to get their optimum potentials. It is
appropriate for the turbulent environment where the leader works for changing
the present conditions and promote innovation.
In fact, the concept of the transactional leader behavior was first proposed in
1947 by Max Weber and then followed by Bernard Bass in 1981. It arises from
the belief that people are self –centered and that they only do anything when they
know that they will get a benefit if they do it or punished if they don't. Whereas,
the concept of the transformational behavior which was first proposed by James
MacGregor Burns in 1978, depends on the charisma and passion of the leader to
inspire his followers with moral values such as equality, peace, justice, liberty,
and humanitarianism.
Moreover, the transactional leader uses his authority and responsibility as well
as his power to get things done. Prizes and penalties are the motivational tools
used to inspire the employees, for example, a principal may convince a teacher to
help in organizing a special event by giving special treatment in securing travel
funds, and on contrary, a principal may penalize a teacher if he or she refuses to
help in organizing that event. Conversely, transformational leaders act as a role
model. They motivate their followers depending on psychological needs such as
self-esteem, and autonomy. Transformational leaders construct a shared vision,
identify goals and set priorities, and at the same time offer excitement and
encouragement. The leader inspires the employees in a way that increases their
abilities and promotes their innovation, which is essential for the school reform.
Although, some experts think that transactional behavior is the best, many
others think the transformational behavior is better. In my opinion, none of them
is best for all the situations. An effective leader uses a combination of both styles
and behaviors, according to the situation and which behavior will be most
appropriate to the circumstances. Transactional behavior ensures that the team is
running smoothly and the results are produced daily, while transformational
behavior spurs innovation and long-term results. However, each one of these
two behaviors has its pros and cons but, no one can deny that the
transformational behavior has become essential for the school reform.
References:
Kowalski, T., 2010. The School Principal: Visionary Leadership and Competent
Management. Taylor & Francis, Inc.

S, S. (2015). Difference Between Transactional and Transformational

Leadership - Key Differences. [online] Key Differences. Available at:
https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-transactional-and-
transformational-leadership.html