Clearance on the left side = 117.48 - 103.48 Clearance on the left side= 14m. ‘Clearance on the right side of the bridge: Elev. of C= 100 + 0.06 (50) Clearance at right side = 117.48 - 103.75 Clearance at right side = 13.73 m. Clearance at the center: Bev. of E = 100 + 45 (0.06) +0.91 lev. of E = 103.61 m. Cearance at the center = 117.48 - 103.61 Clearance at the center = 13.87 m. S-361 Sight distance = is the length of roadway ahead visible tothe driver. For purpose of design and operation itis termed stopping sight distance and passing sight distance. 1) Stopping Sight Distance: Stopping Sight Distance is the total distance traveled during three time Intervals. a The time for the driver to perceive the hazard. b. The time to react cc. The time to stop the vehicle affer the brakes are applied, Based on the National Safety Council, average driver reaction time is 3/4 ‘seconds. Pte af! eee —— oes] : S=vitD A cat moving at a certain velocity V after seeing an object ahead of him, will still travel a distance Vt before he starts applying the brakes. The braking distance depends upon the speed and type of pavements, in this case we have to consider the coefficient of friction (f) between the tires and the pavement. The lime t (sec) Is called the perception- reaction time as Is approximately 3/4 of a seconds.Using work - energy equation in solving for the braking distance d. Soa tees ® Distance traversed during perception plus brake reaction time. d= = running speed in kph {= reaction time {= perception time + action fime 1=1.5+10 t=2.5 sec. d = distance traversed during ¢ arception time plus brake reaction time In meters d=M @ Distance required for stopping after brakes are applied (braking distance) Positive work - Neg. work = rr V2) 1W 0-0F =, (0-4 Safe stopping distance: $ =d +D i 2g (f+ 6) $= stopping distance in meters t= perveption-reaction time In seconds \V= velocity of vehicle in meters per second { = coefficient of friction between tires and pavement 9 =9.81 meters/sec?. Passing Sight Distance: Passing Sight Distance is a shortest distance sufficient for a vehicle to tim out ofa traffic lane, pass another vehicle, and then tum back to the same lane safely and comfortably without Interfering with the overtaken vehicle or an ‘on Incoming vehicle traveling at the design speed should it come into view after the passing | maneuver Is started, .© Stopping Sight Distance: (Summit Parabolic Curve) hy =3.75 8. (height of divers eye above the pavement) hy =4.44m. hy =6 inches (helght of object above pavement) hy=0.15m. A When S — S = length of passing sight distance hy * L=Length of curve hy =helght of drivers eye = height of object C = vertical clearance from the lowest rae Why + V hay point of underpass to the curve. : A n=c-fth b. 44 L=2g Athutha y= 4 (9) 2-9) ee y=5 2-9) c. = 2Slar-m) = th By ratio and proportion: = s 04-92 2 s when hy =ha=h Hey iene Se-9) Bee rst ry aiebeg-39 S@-9) Stox-9=44 +5 (2-0) $5 e2-0))=S @-9)-4H j=28. (92-91) ‘AASHO Specs. when C=14f. hy= 6 hye 15 ft APQ-O1 @ L=2s-5S-367 s(6T DISTANCE @ When the passing sight distance Is less Passing Sight Distat et ea ea ot tantric Using the squared property of parabola, ea) GF 4 (p- 4H (o-a))_4H ast BL? s ae} S$? (g2- 90) Cae‘SIGHT DISTANCE ee © : : B. when i=25 RAL’, = —-_— ‘L- Less #0138 L=infeet S=in feat paz ESS, Sek : L=inmeters ‘S=in meters ii eal AN he. c fhe loc for monng haved Xs eee Wesass V= velocty in mph A=a-9) tebe L=length of curve in feet $= in eet age ‘ 2°91 ae L=in meters V=inkph L >in meters: S=n meters$= sight distance L= length of curve h=helght of drivers eye above the 28 (g;-g2)-L G1-92)=8h Lr -92) =25 (gs -@)- Bh L