EVOLUTION OF ICT

IN EDUCATION
• 1650 The Horn Book
• This wooden paddle with printed lesson was used during colonial era.
You can find on the paper alphabets religious verses which children
would copy to help them learn how to write.

• 1820 Difference Engine

• Difference Engine in 1820 and Analytical Engine in 1830 both designed
and invented by Charles Babbage.
• 1870 Magic Lantern
• Primitive version of slide projector that projected images printed on
glass plates.

• 1890 Chalkboard
• Chalkboard was one of terms of educational technology which is still
being used up to this age.

• 1900 Pencil
• Pencil used in class-made from graphite mixed with clay binder that
leaves a gray or black mark that can be erased.
• 1905 Stereoscope
• Three dimensional viewing tool used as a source of entertainment at
home at in school 1905. It was invented by Charles Wheatstone in
1838.

• 1920 Radio
• Radio was used for on-air classes in 1920 which began popping up for
any student within listening range.
• 1925 Film Projector
• FILM PROJECTOR IT IS ALSO CALLED MOVIE PROJECTOR WHICH IS USED
FOR PROJECTING MOVING IMAGES FROM FILM.
Thomas Edison predicted that, thanks to the invention of projected
images, “books will soon be obsolete in schools. Scholar will soon be
instructed through the eye.”

1930 Overhead Projector

An overhead projector designed by American scientist Henry Morton,
marketed around 1880 as a “vertical lantern”. The use of transparent
sheets for overhead projection, called view foil or viewgraphs.
OVERHEAD PROJECTOR WAS INITIALLY USED BY THE U.S MILITARY FOR
TRAINING PURPOSES IN WORLD WAR II, BUT LATER ON QUICKLY SPREAD
TO SCHOOLS AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS.
• 1936 The First Computer
• In 1936 Zeus finished first computer, the V1 ( for Versuchsmodell-
experimental model). The manufacturing begin in the same year and
the prototype was ready in 1938 making the Z1 the first relays
computer in the world.

• 1940 Ballpoint Pen

• A ballpoint pen, also known as a biro or ball pen, is a pen that
dispenses ink over a metal ball at its point, i.e. over a “ball point’’. In
1941, Bíró brothers and a friend, Juan Meyne, fled Germany and
moved to Argentina, where they formed Bíró Pens of Argentina and
filed a new patent in 1943.
• 1940 Mimeograph
• The stencil duplicator or mimeograph machine is a low-cost
duplicating machine that works by forcing ink through a stencil onto
paper. Mimeographs, along with spirit duplicators and hectographs,
were a common technology in printing small quantities, as in office
work, classroom materials, and church bulletins.

• 1947 Transistor
• A transistor is a semi-conductor device used to amplify or switch
electronic signals and electrical power.
• The transistor revolutionized the field of electronics, and paved the way
for smaller and cheaper radios, calculators, and computers, among
other things.
• 1950 Headphones
• When headphones are used in schools for some listening skills and to
do individual listening for audio files and the like. Nathaniel invented
the first headphone in 1910.

• 1951 Video Tapes

• Video tape was first demonstrated in 1951 by Bing Crosby Enterprise. It
was developed by John T. Mullin and Wayne Johnson.

• 1958 Educational TV
• Educational Television in 1958, having more than 50 channels of TV
which included educational programming that aired across the
country.
• 1959 Photocopier
• The first successful photocopier was developed in 1959 by Xerox.

• 1963 Computer Assisted Instruction

• The first Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) introduced by Stanford
University in 1963. CAI in mathematics, and reading offer individualize
learning and allow student to take self paced active roles in drill and
practices.

• 1972 Handheld Calculator

• Handheld calculator was introduced to classrooms in 1972 for quick
mathematical calculations.
• 1972 Scantron Testing
• Scantron testing system was introduced by Michael Sokolski which
allows teachers to check and grade tests more quickly and efficiently.

• 1973 First Mobile Phone

• The first mobile phone was introduced by Motorola in 1973. The first
call was made by Martin Cooper and it weighs about 1.1 kg.

• 1990 WWW
• The World Wide Web was introduced by Tim Berners Lee.
• 1991 First Laptop
• The first laptop was introduced and it is called Powerbook by Apple
Co.

• 1999 Interactive Whiteboard

• Interactive whiteboard is an instructional tool that allows computer
images to displayed on whiteboard which later can be manipulated
by teachers and students.

• 2015 Interactive Mobile Apps

• Interactive Mobile Apps have become the center of effective
classroom learning.