DIGITALIZATION

IN EDUCATION
Reported by:
Daryl Libantino
Paul Mark Macario
James Allen Tongcua
Steve Francis Magayanes
The History of Education
Formal education is said to have begun in Greece at
around 4 BCE. In fact, the word “school” comes from the
Greek word “schole”, which means “leisure”. This provides
insight into how education was perceived back then, as
an enjoyable activity rather than a chore.
The first examples of educational technology in the
ancient world were the tools that students and teachers
used for writing. Over thousands of years and across the
continents, various surfaces have been used as a medium
for writing, including wax-covered writing boards (by the
Romans), clay tablets (in the middle east),
strips of bark from trees (in Indonesia, Tibet and the
Americas), thick palm-like leaves (in South east Asia) and
parchment, made of animal skin.
The History of Education in the Philippines

The history of education in the Philippines dates back to pre-

colonial times, when education was primarily informal and
focused on practical skills such as farming, hunting, and
craftsmanship. Formal education was introduced to the
Philippines during the Spanish colonial period, with the
establishment of the first schools in 1565.

During the Spanish colonial period, education in the Philippines

was primarily focused on religious instruction and the teachings
of the Catholic Church. The first schools were established by
Spanish friars and were primarily for the children of Spanish
colonizers and wealthy Filipinos. Education for the general
population was limited, and many children did not have access to
formal schooling.
The History of Education in the Philippines

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Philippine

education system underwent significant changes as a result of
American colonization. The Americans introduced a public
education system based on the American model, with English as
the medium of instruction. The Philippine Education Act of 1901
established a system of free and compulsory primary education,
and the Philippine Assembly passed the Philippine Organic Act in
1902, which established the legal basis for the Philippine
education system.

Under the American colonial government, education in the

Philippines underwent rapid expansion, with the number of
schools and students increasing significantly. The American
colonial government also established teacher training institutions
and introduced new subjects such as science and mathematics.
3300 BC
Hieroglyphics

Before we had the ABCs, there were Egyptian hieroglyphs. Hieroglyphs are
believed to be the earliest form of writing and can be traced back to 3300 BC.
With more than 800 basic symbols called glyphs, the writing form was difficult
to learn, and only a select few like royalty and priests actually used them. The
concept of written hieroglyphs, however, was revolutionary and paved the
way for the development of other written languages.
 The first examples of educational
technology in the ancient world were the
3300 BC tools that students and teachers used for
Parchment writing. Over thousands of years and across
the continents, various surfaces have been
used as a medium for writing, including
wax-covered writing boards (by the
Romans), clay tablets (in the middle
east), strips of bark from trees (in Indonesia,
Tibet and the Americas), thick palm-like
leaves (in South east Asia) and parchment,
made of animal skin
16th -18th century
Hornbook

Back in the sixteenth century, English monks

began to make hornbooks to help their pupils
learn to read. Usually a wooden paddle with
an alphabet and a verse glued to the surface,
1870
hornbooks derived their name from the piece
of transparent horn protecting the verse. The
picture to the right shows a modern replica of
a hornbook.
Magic Lantern
200 years later The magic lantern, also known by its
Latin name lanterna magica, was an
early type of image projector that used
pictures—paintings, prints, or
photographs—on transparent plates
(usually made of glass), one or more
lenses, and a light source
1890
Chalkboards Pencil
In 1890 School and slate
chalkboards were
created. These were used
by students to work on
problems at their seat,
with the ability to easily
erase their work.
1900
The pencil was first created in
1900. Students and teachers could
not write on paper. The first pencil
was a piece of graphite that was
between two pieces of wood.
Pencils and paper quickly became
the go to for schools. It did not
take long for the school slate to be
replaced.
Radio in the 1920s sparked an
1950
entirely new wave of learning; on-
air classes began popping up for
any student within listening range.
940 and headphones in
1
followed by the 1950.
1920
ballpoint pen in 1940,

Next came the overhead

projector in 1930
1930
1951
Videotapes arrived on the scene
in 1951, creating a new and
exciting method of instruction.
1957
The Skinner Teaching
Machine produced a combined system
of teaching and testing, providing
reinforcement for correct answers so
that the student can move on to the
next lesson.
 1959 1972

The photocopier (1959) and handheld calculator (1972) entered the

classrooms next, allowing for mass production of material on the fly
and quick mathematical calculations.
 Apple’s infamous
Mac (which later
evolved into the
1984 Powerbook) was
available starting in
1984

1972

Toshiba released
The Scantron system of testing, its first mass-
introduced by Michael Sokolski n market consumer
1972, allowed educators to grade tests 1985 laptop in 1985
more quickly and efficiently. (the T1100)
 1993
The first Personal Digital Assistants
1990 (PDAs) were released by Apple
Computer Inc. in 1993, and with that,
computers were a part of every day, if
not every moment.

In 1990, The World Wide Web was given life

when a British researcher developed Hyper
Text Markup Language, or HTML, and when
the National Science Foundation (NSF)
removed restrictions on the commercial use of
the Internet in 1993, the world exploded into a
frenzy of newfound research and
communication methods.

2000
Multi-touch surfaces are commonly used
through equipment such as the iPhone,
but the technology could become more
relevant to education through entirely
multi-touch surfaces, such as desks or
workstations. This could allow students
to collaborate with other students, even
those around the world, and videos and
other virtual tools could be streamed
directly to the surface.
Augmented reality is enabling students to see
science concepts as visual graphics on screen in
the class or real-time environment. Virtual
reality, on the other hand, lets students take an
educational tour of places/destinations without
leaving the classroom. Both technologies
together are truly transforming the mode of
teaching and creating immersive learning
experiences for students. In short, it makes the 2020 - 2023
lessons interesting and fun-filled for them.
A second up-and-coming technology is Augmented
Reality (AR) glasses, rumored to be on Google’s release
list, and this technology could be a whole new world for
education. AR Glasses (or even contact lenses) will layer
data on top of what we naturally see, to allow for a real-
world learning experience. For example, a student
wearing AR Glasses could potentially sit at his desk and
have a conversation with Thomas Edison about
invention. It was Edison, after all, who said that “Books
will soon be obsolete in schools. Scholars will soon be
instructed through the eye.”
The 21 Benefits of Technology in Education

1. Faster access to information

2. Wider variety of learning materials
3. Increases the scope for distance learning
4. Eases teaching methods
5. Improves learners’ communication skills in schools
6. Makes studying enjoyable
7. Helps learners to acquire new skills and knowledge
8. Keeps students updated with the latest technological advancements
9. Allows students to enhance their mental wellbeing
10. Makes teaching easier and more productive
11. Helps teachers to track students’ performance and progress
The 21 Benefits of Technology in Education

12. Limits external distractions as much as possible

13. Improves collaboration between students and teachers
14. Personalized learning experiences
15. Improvement in students’ productivity
16. Gamification that motivates students
17. Immersive learning experiences
18. Relieves the stress of parents and teachers
19. Ensures sustainable learning
20. Prepares for the digital future
21. Helps students to learn at their own pace
Educational Technology Challenges

1. Resistance to change
2. Continuous upgrades
3. Resources or infrastructure support
4. Insufficient technical skills
5. Higher costs