History of Educational

Technology
Reporters:
Hannah Mae Mandolado
and
Shaira Mae Besas
Educational Technology
The history of “Educational Technology can
be traced back to the time when tribal
priests systemized bodies of knowledge, and
early cultures invented pictographs or sign
writing to record and transmit information”
 Middle Age
Pierre Abelard advent of scholastic
philosophy introduced a technology
of instruction which was really a new
method of structuring and presenting
materials that helped set the style of
scholastic education.
 Ancient Greece
Elder Sophist used the term “techne” to
refer the process of applying knowledge
systematically to the practical art of
instruction. They formulated cognitive
rules, systematically analyzed subject
matter designed instructional technologies
and devised effective instructional material.
 Comenius, Pestalozzi, Froebel, Herbart and Montessori
contributed their own concept on educational
technology improving educative process.

 John Amos Comenius was recognized as the pioneer of

modern instructional technology by reason of his book
Orbis Pictus (The World in Picture) which was
illustrated textbooks for children studying latin in
sciences.
 Edward Thorndike and John Dewey formulated
scientific theory of learning and the scientific
method, respectively.
 Thorndike gave emphasis to the use of empirical
investigation as a basis for an organized process
of learning. On his part Dewey, introduced a
method of instruction in terms scientific method
in broad terms.
 19 Century
th

Advent of effective technological

development including the production of
textbooks, use of blackboards and
improvements in writing implements like
pen and ink. Photography was invented,
giving a way to a movement called “Visual
Instruction”
 By 1920, visual media became widely accepted.
Then came the publication of Audio-visual
media texts.
 In 1926, educational films were used as
instructional media.
 In 1927, Pressey wrote on programmed learning
through a machine which tested and confirmed a
learning task.
In 1932, the first instructional television
program was aired at the State University
of Lowa. The 16 mm sound motion picture
was developed and this served as the
educational workhorse during the audio-
visual movement of the time.
 History of Computers
 Abacus – Approximately 3000 BC
 Calculators – 1600s
 Punced Card Devices – 1800s
 First Electronic Computer – 1940s
 Mainframes – 1950s
 Minicomputers – 1960s
 Microcomputers – 1970s
 Microcomputers – 1980s
 Internet – 1990s
Ancient Computing History
The Abacus
 Mechanical aid used for
counting and making
quick calculation.
Early Computing History
Pascaline
 Invented the first
mechanical calculator
Blaise Pascal.

The Pascaline used cogs

and gears to solve math
equation.
 Mechanical Calculators
Joseph Jacquard
 First “programmable”
machine.
 Used punched cards (binary
instructions) to automate
weaving loom.
 Punched cards were a staple
of early and modern
computer programming.
 First Generation 1943-1956
Electronic Numerical Integrator
and Calculator (ENIAC)
 World’s first electronic
digital computer.

 Used to produce WWII

ballistic firing tables for
the U.S. Defense
Department.
 Second Generation 1957-1962

1956 IBM 350 RAMAC

 Used transistors,
developed by Bell Labs.
 Up to 32k of memory.
 Programming in
computer languages,
such as FORTRAN and
COBOL.
Third Generation 1965-1971

 Used integrated circuits.

 Upto 3 million bytes of
memory.
 Lower cost, smaller size,
and increasing process or
speed.
 Fourth Generation
Microcomputer Revolution Begins
 1971, Intel develops 4004, the first microprocessor chip.
 Altair sold in 1975, the first personal computer, it as a
kit that must be assembled.
 Apple Computer is formed in 1976 and sells 50 Apple I.
 Advance increase memory size, storage space, and
processing.
 1990’s Connecting the World

Marc Andreesen
 An original developer of Mosaic, the first
browser software able to read.

 Co-founder Netscape Communications.

 1990’s Connecting the World

Tim Berners-Lee
 Developed HTML
and the World Wide
Web (WWW) was
born.
The 21st Century

 Only recently focused on

computers.
 Internet current primary trend.

 Communication with colleagues.

 Lesson plan preparation.
 Student resources.
 Access research and best practices
for teaching.
 Modern Educational Technology

The Internet and the WWW

 Biggest challenge for the
public educational system has
been how to prepare schools
physically and train teachers
effectively for its use in the
classroom.