Grammar Unit. 4 (M.

6)

Oraciones de relativo

Reglas:

 Se usan para identificar (persona, lugar, cosa):

o Personas: who / that

 I´d recommend Jarry Poters any readers who /what are looking for
something different
 The woman who / that answered the phone was nice
 The boy whose mother phoned is waiting outside
 This is the boy whose mother works with me
 The man who / that I’m going to marry has been my friend for thirty years
 Peter is the man who / that wrote the book
 Anna and Michael are the people who / that got married last year

o Cosas : which / that

 The books which / that are on the shelves are mine

 Where is the book which / that was on the table?
 The project which / that we started together is a great success.
 That is the lion which / that attacked its keeper
 This is the book which / that won the Booker Prize this year.

 Se coloca justo después del nombre al que hace referencia unidas por medio de un
pronombre relativo

FIJATE:

Si nosotros decimos : “ The man has been my friend for thirty years “ no sabemos a qué
hombre se refiere y por tanto tendríamos que preguntar : What man are you talking about?
The man I´m going to marry .

Por tanto seria: “The man who / that I´m going to marry has been my friend for thirty years
 Grammar Unit. 4 (M. 6)

Pronombres de relativo: Uso y omisión

 Who, which, that se usa cuando funcionan como sujeto de la oración

 Taht´s the boy who /that lives with her

 She´s not the student who / that failed the exam
 These are the things which / that worry me a lot
 I really like the car which / that has a red roof

 Who, which, that se omite cuando funcionan como objeto de la oración:

 The book is very good. You read it yesterday.

 The book (which, that ) you read yesterday is very good

 She´s the person who / that /  I met in the library

 She is not the girl who / that /  I´m looking for
 I like the book which / that /  you bought for me
 Here are the cats which / that /  I told you about

 Cuando hay preposiciones, se ponen al final

 This is the best –seller. I told you about it

 This is the best – seller (that / which ) I told you about
 This is the same place which / that /  we went to last year
 Here´s the girl who / that /  I told you about
 The friend who / that /  I went to the party with is coming tonight

También se puede poner la preposición detrás del pronombre relativo pero en este caso solo
se usa which y whom pero nunca that

 The people with whom he Works are all actors

 The people (that) he works with are all actors
 This is the book about which I told you
 This is the book (that) I told you about
Whose
- Se usa para expresar posesion

- No se puede omitir, ni sustituir por that

 I´ve got a friend, and his mother is a well-known artist

 ( I´ve got a friend whose mother is a well-known artist)
 My parents know a man with a very talented son
 ( My parents know a man whose son is very talented
 Grammar Unit. 4 (M. 6)

Adverbios de Relativo

 Sustituyen a los pronombres relativos con preposición

- Whose : posesión

 Murakami is a writer whose popularity continues to grow

- When : tiempo Se puede omitir o sustituir por that cuando no sea sujeto de la oración

 December is the month when sales should in increase

 That´s the day when (on which) we first saw him
 I still remember the day when / that /  I first met him
 The year when / that /  you were born was very special

- Where: lugar No se puede omitir

 This is the bookshop where I bought my first book

 This is the place where (in which) I studied law
 This is the hotel where we spent our last holidays
 The university where I work is very old

Describing feelings and opinions : Adjetivos acabados en – ing , - ed

- to alarm - alarming / alarmed

- to shock – shocking / shocked
- to entertain – entertaining / entertained
- to interest – interesting / interested

 Cuando los adjetivos finalizan en – ing describen nuestra opinión

 The story is confusing

 That son gis so depressing
 Your brother is really amusing. (He makes me feel amused)
 My English class was very boring (It made me feel bored)

 Cuando los adjetivos finalizan en – ed describen como nos sentimos: se pueden usar
confused, depressed, interested, brilliant, fabulous, sad, superb

 I am confused by her attitude. I don´t understand it.

 She feels depressed when she listens to that song
 My little brother was (felt) amused
 Grammar Unit. 4 (M. 6)

 I was (felt) really bored in the meeting

 I am keen on reading her new novel
 She´s really keen on Henning Mankell novels
 It´s a brilliant story
 He´s a brilliant writer

Expressions to show surprise and disbelief

- Are you serious? Estas en serio?

- How strange! Que extraño!
- No way ! Ni hablar!
- Good heavens! Dios mio!
- You´re kidding ! Estas de broma!
- How awful! Que horrible!
- You must be joking! Debes estar bromeando!