Cumulocity agent for Bosch XDK rapid

prototype device
This project is a device agent to connect the Bosch XDK to Cumulocity (C8Y Agent for
XDK). The XDK is a quick and professional prototyping platform for prototyping IoT use
cases.

For this demo a Cumulocity tenant and an XDK device is required. For a free trial tenant
you can register here.

When the XDK is registered in a Cumulocity tenant the environmental sensor readings
measured by the XDK are sent to the Cumulocity IoT cloud. Potential use cases are:

• Control & monitor heating -> temperature sensor, acoustic sensor

• Control & monitor lighting in building -> digital light sensor
• Control & monitor machine -> acceleration sensor

1 Content
1. Overview
2. Register XDK in Cumulocity
3. Operate XDK
3.1 Execute operations on device
3.2 View events sent from device
3.3 Detailed configuration
3.4 Buttons
3.5 Status indicated by LEDs
3.6 Define Root Certificate for TLS
4. Troubleshooting
5. Sample dashboards

2 Overview of features XDK device agent

The device agent allows to send measurements from the XDK to your Cumulocity tenant.
These measurements can be visualised in dashboards. In the downstream direction
operation commands can be sent to the XDK using the device managment app in
Cumulocity: change configuration of sensors, stop/start publishing measurements and
restarting the device.
To get an idea of the currently active configuration the device agent sends its current

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configuration to the tenant. So in the devicemanagment app you can view always the
currently active configuration.

But before running the XDK in OPERATION mode you have to register the device in your
Cumulocity tenant. Initially the XDK is in REGISTRATION mode. The registration is
achieved automatically through the bootstrap meachnism. This is described in further
detail here.

After successful registration - device credentials are received by the XDK - the XDK
restarts automatically. Commands can be send from the Cumulocity App
Devicemanagement to change the sensor speed, toogle an LED or switch on/off sensors,
see documentation https://www.cumulocity.com/guides/users-guide/device-
management/#shell .

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3 Register XDK in C8Y tenant

1. Prepare SD card
2. Register XDK in Cumulocity & Upload SMART Rest Template
3. Install XDK Workbench 3.6.1: https://developer.bosch.com/web/xdk/downloads
4. Prepare project
5. Flash your C8Y Device Agent on your XDK
6. Procedure when re-registering device in Cumulocity tenant

4 1. Prepare SD card
NOTE: Make sure your SD card is smaller than 32GB, otherwise it can't be formatted in
the FAT filesystem format

1. Format SD in FAT format

2. Adapt settings in config.txt and copy to SD card. A template for config.txt exists
in the project "cumulocity-xdk-agent/resources". Ideally you only need to
change WIFISSID and WIFIPASSWORD.

5 2. Register XDK in Cumulocity & upload SMART Rest

Template

1. Before starting the XDK a C8Y device registration for the XDK has to be created in
your C8Y tenant, please see [here](https://www.cumulocity.com/guides/users-
guide/device-management for a detailed description. For this resgitration you
need the external device ID. This is decribed in the next step.

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 2. The agent uses the MAC of the WLAN chip as an external device ID. You have to
check the sticker on the bottom side of your XDK under WLAN: 7C_7C_7C_7C_7C_7C ,
e.g. 7C7C7C7C7C7C

NOTE: remove the _ form the WLAN MAC adress

3. Upload SMART Rest Template "XDK_Template_Collection.json" from folder

resources/XDK_Template_Collection.json to your C8Y tenant. Pls
see https://www.cumulocity.com/guides/users-guide/device-management for
required steps

6 3. Install XDK Workbench

Install the XDK Workbench: https://xdk.bosch-connectivity.com/software-downloads

NOTE: The installation path must not contains blanks.

NOTE: The current version of the Workbench 3.6.1 defines a buffer size that is not
sufficient for the certificate being used for Cumulocity. Therefore the buffer has to be
increased.
In order to avoid a buffer overflow, as seen in the following error message:

INFO | XDK DEVICE 1: MQTT_ConnectToBroker_Z: connecting secure

INFO | XDK DEVICE 1: 11 [SSL:1] Sec_receiveCB: HORRIBLE Buffer full state=1
(0x200023fc)
Increase MBEDTLS_SSL_MAX_CONTENT_LEN macro value from 4850 to 5950 in
Common/config/MbedTLS/ MbedtlsConfigTLS.h in line 2921. The macro
MBEDTLS_SSL_MAX_CONTENT_LEN determines the size of both the incoming and
outgoing TLS I/O buffer used by MbedTLS library.

7 4. Prepare project

1. Clone git repository

git clone https://github.com/SoftwareAG/cumulocity-xdk-agent.git

2. In XDK Workbench import project into your workspace

3. In XDK Workbench: project clean and project build
4. Connect XDK over USB cable

8 5. Flash your C8Y Device Agent to your XDK

NOTE: connect your XDK using USB cable to get debug messages.

1. Flash project to XDK using the XDK Workbench 3.6.1

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 2. After starting the XDK the agent runs in "Registration Mode" and waits until the
registration is accepted in your cumulocity tenant. So you have to accept the
registration in your C8Y tenant. See as well step 2.1.
3. After accepting the registration in C8Y the XDK agent receives device credentials
and stores these on the SD card.
4. The XDK restarts and runs now in "Operation Mode". After this you should see
measurements in C8Y.

9 6. Procedure when re-registering device in Cumulocity tenant

1. Delete entries MQTTUSER und MQTTPASSWORD from the file config.txt stored
on the SD card
2. Delete XDK from Cumulocity Tenant. Navigate to the device in the Cockpit and
delete device
3. Restart XDK and keep the button with 2 dots pressed for deleting the
configuration on the WIFI flash, see as well handing of buttons.
4. Register XDK again as before.

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10 Operate XDK
This section contains all information that is relevant once the XDK is registered in
Cumulocity

11 Execute operations on device

The XDK can receive operations and messages initiated in your C8Y tenant. Operations to
the XDK can either be issued by using:

1. shell: see documentation https://www.cumulocity.com/guides/users-guide/device-

management/#shell.
2. message widget: see https://www.cumulocity.com/guides/users-
guide/cockpit/#widgets.
3. drop-down menue in app Devicemanagment: from the Cumulocity
app cockpit and execute "Restart device" from dropdown-menue "More"

The following commands are supported:

• change streaming rate at which XDK publishes measurements, issued by shell

(option 1.):
o speed 1000: to publish measurements every 1000 m, changing the speed is
written to the config file on the WIFI chip

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 • toggle yellow light on/off, initiated by command from shell (option 1.):
o toggle
• enable/disable sensor, initiated by command from shell (option 1.):
o sensor NOISE TRUE or sensor NOISE TRUE: to enable/disable the noise sensor.
To tkae effect an restart is required. Enabling/disabling the sensor is written
to the config file on the WIFI chip
• restart XDK from C8Y, issued by option in drop-down menue (option 3.):
o select XD: device in C8Y cockpit and execute "Restart device" from
dropdown-menue "More"
• toggle yellow light on/off, initiated from message (any text) widget (option 2.):
o add "Message Widget" to dashboard, use your connected XDK device as
destination and send any text to this XDK
• stop/start publishing measurements:
o stop
o start

12 View events sent from device

You can view the last events transmitted form the XDK by accessing the app Device
management and follow: Device Management>Devices>All Devices. Then choose your XDK
and select the Events template
You can see events like::

1. XDK started!
2. Publish stopped!
3. Publish stated!

13 Buttons
The buttons have following on the XDK have the following functions:

• Button one dot: stop/start sending measurements to Cumulocity

• Button two dots:
o if pressed for longer than 3 seconds resets boot status stored on device
flash to "NOT_IN_BOOT_PROCESS"
o if pressed shortly prints the configuration currently stored in
the config.txt file on the filesystem of the WIFI chip
o if pressed during the startup process of the XDK the configuration stored
on the WIFI chip is deleted

14 Detailed configuration
The C8Y Agent for XDK sends the following sensor measurements to C8Y:

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 • ACCEL=<TRUE TO SEND MEASUREMENTS, FALSE OTHERWISE> | default-value true # unit g
• GYRO=<TRUE TO SEND MEASUREMENTS, FALSE OTHERWISE> | default-value true
• MAG=<TRUE TO SEND MEASUREMENTS, FALSE OTHERWISE> | default-value true
• ENV=<TRUE TO SEND MEASUREMENTS, FALSE OTHERWISE> | default-value true # unit
temp C, pressure hPa
• LIGHT=<TRUE TO SEND MEASUREMENTS, FALSE OTHERWISE> | default-value true # unit
Lux
• NOISE=<TRUE TO SEND MEASUREMENTS, FALSE OTHERWISE> | default-value false #

with the defined streamrate:

• STREAMRATE=<SPEED TO SEND MEASUREMENTS TO C8Y IN MILLISECONDS> | default-value

5000

Measurements types can be switched on/off in config.txt by setting the value

to TRUE, FALSE.
NOTE: Make sure you use Unix line endings instead of Windows line endings. Otherwise
the config file cannot be parsed correctly.
NOTE: Don't use blanks anywhere in the file. After the last config line a newline is
required.
The configuration for the XDK uses two sources:

• file config.txt on the SDCard

• file config.txton the filesystem of the WIFI chip

When registering the XDK a config on an SD card has to be inserted in the XDK. Upon
sucessful registration, i.e. device receives credentials from Cumulocity, the config value
including theMQTTUSER, MQTTPASSWORD are written to the config file on WIFI. From then on
the XDK can operate without an SDCard.
Nevertheless in certain situations it is helpful to only change the WIFI settings and keep
all the other settings. Then one can set values for WIFISSID,WIFIPASSWORD in
the config.txt on SD and thus overwrite settings stored on the file system of the WIFI
chip. The values defined in the config on the SDCard always take precedence.
NOTE: When setting up a hot spot for the WIFI connection, mak esure you use a network
band of 2.4GHz, the XDK only supports this band.
In addition to the above listed measurements the battery staus is send ervery minute.

15 Status indicated by LEDs

Red Orange Yellow Mode Status Possible Cause

Operation
Blinking Off Off & Starting
Registration

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 Red Orange Yellow Mode Status Possible Cause

Operation wrong config, no Wifi

On Off Off & Error access, SNTP server not
Registration reachable

Blinking Received
Any Any Operation
once command

Running -
Off Blinking Any Operation
Publishing

Running -
Off On Any Operation Publishing
stopped

Blinking Blinking Any Operation Restarting

Running -
Off Off Blinking Registration Waiting for
credentials

Running -
Off Off On Registration Registration
successful

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16 Define Root Certificate for TLS

For TLS the root certificate of the CA has to be flashed to the XDK.
This certificate in included in the header file source\ServerCA.h in PEM format. The
currently included certificate from "Go Daddy Class 2 Certification Authority" is used for
tenants *.cumulcity.com.
If your CA is different this needs to be changed.

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17 Troubleshooting

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18 Maximal allowed size of flashed binary is exceeded
When you use a XDK with bootloader version 1.1.0 the maximal allowed size of the
flashed binary cumulocity-xdk-agent.bin can't exceed 600MB. In this case either:

• flash a new bootloader version 1.2.0 or

• disable the use of the SENSOR_TOOLBOX library in AppController.h. This will reduce the
size below 600MB

#define ENABLE_SENSOR_TOOLBOX 0

19 When the following error occusrs after building and flashing

the project please clean, rebuild and flash project again:
INFO | Transmission successfully completed!
INFO | Booting application...
INFO | XDK DEVICE 1: Performing application CRC validation (this will take a couple
of seconds)
INFO | XDK DEVICE 1: Application Firmware Corrupted
INFO | XDK DEVICE 1: Invalid application

20 The following error indicates, that the workspace path

contains spaces. PLEASE remove spaces from the workspace:
mingw32-make -j 2 -j8 clean
C:\XDK-Workbench\XDK\make\mingw32-make.exe -C C:\XDK-Workbench\XDK\SDK/xdk110/Common -
f application.mk clean
new_bootloader
mingw32-make[1]: Entering directory 'C:/XDK-Workbench/XDK/SDK/xdk110/Common'
application.mk:368: *** mixed implicit and normal rules. Stop.
mingw32-make[1]: Leaving directory 'C:/XDK-Workbench/XDK/SDK/xdk110/Common'
mingw32-make: *** [clean] Error 2
Makefile:53: recipe for target 'clean' failed

21 When the following error occurs, please right-click project

cumulocity-xdk-projectConfigure -> Add XDK nature
Connection to port 'COM9' established
INFO | Flashing file 'C:/Users/XXX/cumulocity/cumulocity-xdk-agent/debug/cumulocity-
xdk-agent.bin'...
INFO | XDK DEVICE 1: Ready
INFO | XDK DEVICE 1: C
INFO | XDK DEVICE 1: XMODEM Download Success
INFO | XDK DEVICE 1: c
INFO | XDK DEVICE 1: CRC of application area
INFO | XDK DEVICE 1: CRC0000B4E4
INFO | Application checksum 'b4e4' successfully verified.
INFO | Transmission successfully completed!
INFO | Booting application...
INFO | XDK DEVICE 1: b
INFO | XDK DEVICE 1: Invalid application

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If this doesn't help pls. flash a standard click app to the device, e.g LedsandButtons. If this
works try to flash the device agent again.
22 Log in XDK Workbench shows ----- HEAP ISSUE ----
When you see an exception as below, then you should increase the heap size
in xdk110/Common/config/AmazonFreeRTOS/FreeRTOS/FreeRTOSConfig.h.
INFO | XDK DEVICE 2: MQTTOperation_Init: Reading boot status: [0]
INFO | XDK DEVICE 2: SntpSentCallback : Success
INFO | XDK DEVICE 2: SntpTimeCallback : received
INFO | XDK DEVICE 2: ----- HEAP ISSUE ----
INFO | XDK DEVICE 2: MQTT_ConnectToBroker_Z: Failed since Connect event was not
received
INFO | XDK DEVICE 2: MQTTOperation: MQTT connection to the broker failed [0] time,
try again ...
Increase heap size in xdk110/Common/config/AmazonFreeRTOS/FreeRTOS/FreeRTOSConfig.h by
changing the following value:
#define configTOTAL_HEAP_SIZE (( size_t )(72 * 1024 )) # old value
is (( size_t )(70 * 1024 ))

23 Config file cannot be pared

Please verify if you used Linux line endings \n
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24 Sample dashboards

25 Dashboard with SCADA widget

A sample dashboard can be build using the resources/Container_V01.svg.
Please see: https://www.cumulocity.com/guides/users-guide/optional-services/ for a
documentation on how to use the svg in a SCADA widget.

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Dashboard from above is build using the following standard Cumulocity widgets:

1. SCADA widget on the basis of SVG Container_V01.svg

2. Rotation widget to show the position of he XDK
3. Alarm widget to show recent alarms. This requires to define a smart rule
"Container doors open": https://cumulocity.com/guides/users-
guide/cockpit/#smart-rules
The rule "On measurement explicit threshold create alarm" is using the
measurement c8y_Light with min 50000 and max 100000
4. Data point widget with data
points c8y_acceleration=>accelerationX , c8y_acceleration=>accelerationY and c8y_a
cceleration=>accelerationZ

26 Rotation widget
Using the Cumulocity custom widget published on the
github: https://github.com/SoftwareAG/cumulocity-collada-3d-widget you can view the
rotation of the

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XDK

After installation of the collada widget you will need to upload the 3D model of the XDk.
This is available resources/XDK.dae. The following screenshots shows the required
configuration:

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These tools are provided as-is and without warranty or support. They do not constitute
part of the Software AG product suite. Users are free to use, fork and modify them,
subject to the license agreement. While Software AG welcomes contributions, we cannot
guarantee to include every contribution in the master project.

For more information you can Ask a Question in the TECHcommunity Forums.

You can find additional information in the Software AG TECHcommunity.

Contact us at TECHcommunity if you have any questions.

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