RICHMOND N.

ALCALA BSME-3
FME3- Activity 9

I. Essay
1. Explain briefly at least ten requirements in writing a thesis proposal.
1 Intelligent. A thesis proponent should be intelligent and broad-minded. It means that
writing a thesis proposal should have the wide range source of information and knowledge.
2. Enthusiastic. A thesis proponent is interested to write a thesis proposal even in different
hardship. It means that a thesis proponent can do his work easy and comfortably wherein
he completes his thesis on time and be consistent.
3. Good in research. A thesis proponent is good in both descriptive research and
experimental research. Which has a mindset of making his research outputs contribute to
the socioeconomic development of the country.
4. Dedicated. A thesis proponent is devoted to the task of writing a thesis proposal and
does not wait for tomorrow what he can do for today. In addition, stop procrastinating
and be a hardworking person.
5. Energetic. A thesis proponent should have the stamina endurance to be able to meet the
demands of thesis writing. It means that a thesis proponent should not get tired easily.
6. Good in statistics using computer. A thesis proponent is good in computing statistical
data using computer and knows to apply the appropriate statistical tool to a specific
research problem. It is important as a thesis proponent to know the use of computer for
easy computation, analysis, and interpretation of results.
7. Convenient room for thinking and writing. A thesis proponent should provide a
convenient room to write and think so that he can brainstorming effectively. Having a
perfect room to think can help to generate many brighter ideas.
8. Patient. A thesis proponent should be patient. Often, a proposal has to be revised several
times before he arrives at the perfection of his study. In order to attain a good quality of
thesis, a proponent should use his/her time wisely and have a room for improvement
9. Healthy. A thesis proponent must healthy in mind, body, and spirit. So he can write
in his/her good condition and have a good quality research.
10. Good command in English. He has good command in English to be able to express
easily and comfortably his bright ideas, Creative thinking, and productive output in an
organized manner.
2. Before a research instrument (i.e. questionnaire) is administered to the subjects of the study
testing its validity and reliability is done by the researcher. How do you test the validity and
reliability of a research instrument? Give examples.
By identifying how effective the data instrument and how it is applicable to the research given.
For example, if a school is interested in increasing literacy, one focused question might ask: which
groups of students are consistently scoring lower on standardized English tests? If a school is
interested in promoting a strong climate of inclusiveness, a focused question may be: do teachers
treat different types of students unequally?
3. In preparing the Bibliography or References, is it scientific to enclose in parentheses the year of
publication? Why?

Yes, it is scientific to enclose in parenthesis the year of publication in preparing the Bibliography
or References to show that the book or journal which used as a reference to know the specific date
of publish.
4. If the population, of the proposed study is 2000, what is the sample size? What sampling method
is appropriate to get the sample size? Why? Explain the sampling technique applied and how to
get the sample until it is reached.

The sample size if the population of 2000 is 238. The appropriate sampling method to be use to
get the sample size is scientific sampling under unrestricted random sampling which is best random
sampling design that there are no restriction imposed and every member of the population has
equal chance of being included in the sample. To determine the sample size of the population of
2000 the formula to be use is:
𝑁𝑉+[ 𝑆𝑒 2 𝑥 (1−𝑝)]
Ss =
𝑁𝑆𝑒 +[𝑉 2 𝑥 𝑝 (1−𝑝)]
Where: N = population
V= 2.58, Se = 0.01, and p = 0.50
5. Suppose the proposed experimental study is Seaweed Ice Cream with and without Moringa: Its
Acceptability, Salability, and Profitability," answer the following:
5.1. Present the "Statement of the Problem."
Is there a significant difference on the effectiveness of Seaweed Ice Cream with and without
Moringa: And its Acceptability, Salability, and Profitability in the society?
5.2. Formulate the null hypotheses based on the specific research questions.
There is no significant difference on the effectiveness of Seaweed Ice Cream with and without
Moringa: And its Acceptability, Salability, and Profitability in the society.
5.3. Cite the independent and dependent variables. Show the paradigm of the independent and
dependent variables.

Independent Variable: Seaweed Ice Cream with and without Moringa

Dependent Variable: Acceptability, Salability, and Profitability
5.4. State and explain the type of research method to apply.
The research method to be apply is Quantitative Research Method where the topic is focus on the
quantity of the acceptability, salability, and profitability in the data to be collect.
5.5. State and explain each statistical tool to be used per specific research question. Show the
formula.

Pearson product-moment correlation is a statistical tool used to determine the correlation

of parallel forms. It means that is measure of linear correlation between two sets of data.

NΣ𝑋𝑌−(Σ𝑋)(Σ𝑌)
r=
√[NΣ𝑋 2 −(Σ𝑋)2 ][NΣ𝑌 2 −(Σ𝑌)2 ]

where:
N = total population
∑XY = the total value of XY scores
∑X = the total value of X scores, ∑Y = the total value of Y scores

Spearman rank correlation coefficient or Spearman rho is a statistical tool used to measure the
relationship between paired ranks assigned to individual scores on two variables, X and Y of the
first administration (X) and second administration (Y).
6 Σ𝐷2
rs = 1- 3
𝑁 −𝑁
where rs stands for Spearman rho, ∑D2 = sum of the Squared difference between ranks, N= number
of cases.
Spearman-brown formula is used to calculate the reliability when the number of items in a
questionnaire is changed. This paper aims to increase insight into reliability studies by pointing to
the assumptions of reliability coefficients, similarities between various coefficients, and the
subsequent new applications of reliability coefficients.

2(𝑟ℎ𝑡 )
rwt = where: rwt = reliability of whole test
1+𝑟ℎ𝑡
r ht = reliability of half test
Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 test checks the internal consistency of measurements with
dichotomous choices. It is equivalent to performing the split-half methodology on all combinations
of questions and is applicable when each question is either right or wrong. A correct question
scores 1 and an incorrect question scores 0.

𝑁 𝑆𝐷2 −𝑝1 𝑞1
rwt = x
𝑁−1 𝑆𝐷2

where:
N = number of items
SD2 = variance
p1q1 = product of passing and falling item 1
6. REFERENCES is a section of a thesis proposal. Give examples of the correct format of
REFERENCES for the following:
6.1. One author (book)
Alcala, Richmond N. (2021). Handsome Problems. National Book Store. Manila. 223 pp.
6.2. One author (journal)
Delicana, Roy Y. 2018. “Tuna Lumpia and Vegetable Lumpia With and Without hot sauce: its
Acceptability, Salability, and Profitability.” Entrepreneur Mind 2.1. 2(2):3-15. (April-May 2018).
6.3. Two authors (book)
Macaliag, Fulton Z. and Tabar, Karl B. 2021. Where Do Broken Hearts Go. Pighati Book Store.
General Santos City. 143 pp.
6.4. Two authors (journal)
Alentajan, Danny Y. and Roy O. Delicana. 2021. “Biodiversity of Tadpoles in DENR Protected
Area.” DENR Tadpoles Research Journal. 2(1):13-25. (January-June 2020).
6.5. Three authors (book)
Honofre, Cyrel J., Keith A. Arpon and Mark D. Javier. 2020. Girls Hunter. Poland Book Store.
General Santos City. 104 pp.
6.6. Three authors (journal)
Tamba, Kenneth J., Fulton C. Macaliag and Danny Y. Alentajan. 2021. “Acceptability and
Profitability of Marijuana With and Without Mixed Chemicals.” High Standards. 1(1):21-30.
(March-April 2021).

6.7. Four authors (book)

Alcala, Richmond B. et al. 2020. Become Successful. Cyrel Book Store. Manila. 300 pp.
6.8. Four authors (journal)
Tamba, Kenneth B. et al. 2021. “Importance of mobile Games to people.” NCGC H-Eng’g Group
Research Journal. 3(2):9-20. (January-September 2021).