RESEARCH
INTRODUCTION TO
APPLIED RESEARCH
How well do you know research?
1. Effects of Typhoon to livelihood of people
2. Digestion process due to exercise
3. Sleeping patterns of birds
4. Effects of skipping rope to our body
5. Perception of millennial to India's caste system
6. Pin pricking effects
7. Ticking of the clock
8. Flying kites
9. Wild berries ink
10. Behavioral patterns when one is depressed
11. Brisk walking with music and without music
12. Correlation of human behavior and the moon
13. Prevalence/ incidence of diseases
14. Effects of online modular teaching to students'
grades
15. Effect of garlic to blood pressure
16. Effect of ampalaya leaves to blood sugar level
17. Effect of smoking to COVID-19 patients?
18. Vaccine for COVID-19?
Research and the Consumer
- Science produces knowledge
- This knowledge provides society with more
choices… or does it control our choices?
What is Research?
- Webster: "Research is a studious inquiry or
examination, investigation".
- Barr: "Any systematic search for understanding
limited to a particular subject".
- Treece and Treece: “Research, in a broadest
sense, is an attempt to gain solutions to
problems".
- Best: "Research is a formal, systematic and
intensive process of carrying on a scientific
analysis for the purpose of discovery and
development of an organized body of
knowledge".
RESEARCH
- Designed to find answers to problems in a
systematic, organized, and comprehensive
method
- Looking for an answer to a query
- Process of using relevant data
- "re" (again) and "search" (seek)
Two General Purpose:
1. To discover
2. To verify
***purpose of research, then, is to serve man.***
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Why Research Is Important For Students

Why get excited about research?
"The essence of all research originates in curiosity - a
desire to find out how and why things happen"
- How can…?
- Why is…?
- What is the best way to…?
- What causes…?
- What are the effects of…?

Research is essential:
- To find out which treatments work better for
patients.
- Plays an important role in discovering new
treatments, and making sure that we use existing
treatments in the best possible ways.
- Aims for conducting research studies are to:
e.g Diagnose diseases and health problems

THE STATISTICS
- 45 times more researchers.
- There are 45 times more health researchers in
high-income countries than in low-income
countries

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- Research is indispensable for resolving public

health challenges
- Shared vulnerability to global threats has
mobilized global research efforts in support of
enhancing capacity for preparedness and
response.
- Research is strengthening surveillance, rapid
diagnostics and development of vaccines and
medicines.
- Public-private partnerships and other innovative
mechanisms for research are concentrating on
neglected diseases in order to stimulate the
development of vaccines, drugs and diagnostics
where market forces alone are insufficient.

Research for health spans 5 generic areas

of activity:
1. Measuring the magnitude and distribution of the
health problem;
2. Understanding the diverse causes or the
determinants of the problem, whether they are due to
biological, behavioral, social or environmental factors;
3. Developing solutions or interventions that will help
to prevent or mitigate the problem;
4. Implementing or delivering solutions through
policies and programmes; and
5. Evaluating the impact of these solutions on the level
and distribution of the problem.

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- The World Health Organization (WHO) is the
leading and coordinating authority on public
health within the United Nations system.
- Setting norms and standards, and shaping the
research agenda are two of WHO's six core
activities.
- WHO develops global, clinical, programmatic
and public health guidelines that support best
practice in health delivery
- In 2007, WHO established the Guidelines
Review Committee to ensure that WHO
produces high-quality guidelines that are based
on internationally recognized methods and
standards and are developed through a
transparent, evidence-based decision-making
- An agenda for public health research would
complement the work of the WHO Global
Observatory on Health Research and
Development on the priorities of health product
research and development.
- In terms of identifying research priorities across
the spectrum of health research, WHO would
then cover two parts of the spectrum, product
research and development, and public health.
- The development of an agenda for public health
research would increase the public health impact
of WHO guideline development; it would also
influence and support governments and other
bodies that support research.
- Research has contributed to significant
improvements in health and well-being for
populations around the world.
- New technologies and medicines have saved
millions of lives, but as we work to achieve
universal health coverage (UHC), we need to
also recognize the importance of research on the
politics, policies and systems that shape our
ability to reach our collective health goals.
- The field of health policy and systems research
(HPSR) aims to do exactly that.
- HPSR is a relatively young and emerging field
that draws from diverse public health and social
science research approaches to respond to the
complex challenge of strengthening health
systems.
- Health policy and systems research is understood
as the "production of new knowledge to improve
how societies organize themselves to achieve
health goals", with the primary goal of promoting
the generation, dissemination and use of research
for improving the health systems of low- and
middle-income countries.
- A health system consists of all the organizations,
institutions, resources and people with the
primary purpose of improving the health of
populations.
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- HPSR covers a broader terrain, including the new investments based on information primarily
policy process, the health system and global provided by the Observatory.
influences  Antimicrobial resistance and the need to
develop new medical products to protect
Global Observatory on Health R&D populations from the risks of failing
- Established on May 2013 treatments against infectious pathogens
- A global-level initiative that aims to help identify  A comprehensive R&D Blueprint
health R&D priorities based on public health preparedness plan that allows the rapid
needs, by: activation of R&D activities during future
 Consolidating, monitoring and analyzing epidemics
relevant information on the health R&D needs
of developing countries;
 Building on existing data collection
mechanisms; and
 Supporting coordinated actions on health
R&D.
- Investments in health R&D are still insufficiently
aligned with global public health demands and
needs
- As little as 1% of all funding for health R&D is
allocated to diseases such as malaria and
tuberculosis (diseases that are predominantly
incident in developing countries), despite these
diseases accounting for more than 12.5% of the
global burden of disease. - The strategy states that investments in health
- It also requested the establishment of an expert research are generally not sufficient and that
committee on health R&D to set priorities for research is often not focused on priority health
problems.

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- Research often does not reflect best practices in
terms of ethical review and public accountability.
- The strategy says, research for health should be
organized and managed in a systematic and
comprehensive manner, and efforts to improve
health should be based on evidence from
research.
- The strategy calls on WHO, its Member States
and other partners to work together to produce
evidence and tools for improving health.
The guiding principles of the strategy are:
 Quality (i.e. research that is ethical, expertly
reviewed, efficient, effective, accessible to all,
and carefully monitored and evaluated),
 Impact (i.e. research with the greatest
potential to improve global health security,
accelerate health-related development, redress
health inequities and help attain the
Millennium Development Goals), and
 Inclusiveness (i.e. partnership,
multisectoral approach, the participation of
communities and civil society in the research
process).
The strategy has five interrelated goals:
 Organization (strengthening of the research
culture in WHO so that the Organization can
lead by example);
 Priorities (focusing research globally on
priority health needs);
 Capacity (helping to strengthen national
systems for health research);
 Standards (promoting good practice in
research, with WHO setting norms and
standards);
 Translation (strengthening links between
health research and health policy and
practice).
The Organization
- Goal is to strengthen the research culture across
WHO.
- The strategy states that WHO needs to change
radically the way it works in order to keep pace
with a changing research environment and
a communicate better its own research activities.
The priorities
- Goal is to champion research on priority health
needs.
- WHO's roles include helping to identify research
priorities and mobilizing the response.
The capacity
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- Goal is to support the development of national

health research systems.
- The strategy states that active national health
research systems speed up the achievement of
health goals.
The Implementation
- The Eleventh General Programme of Work
2006-2015 provides the WHO Secretariat,
Member States and the international community
with a global health agenda that stems from an
analysis of the current global health situation.
- After setting the broader global health agenda,
the General Programme of Work then describes
WHO's comparative advantages, its core
functions, the main challenges it faces and its
priorities for the future.
Evaluation
- An integral part of the WHO strategy on research
for health
- An evaluation framework has been developed in
order to provide an impact- focused approach for
assessing the achievement of the strategy's
vision, mission and goals.

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