CE-5115

Application of Information Technology

in Civil Engineering

Department of Civil Engineering

University of Engineering and Technology Taxila

May 20, 2021

 Lecture Delivered By:
Engr. Muhammad Arshad
Lab Engineer, CED. UET Taxila

Lecture Composed By:

1. Exploring GIS Concepts
Mr. Fahad Ahmed
Assistant Manager
Trg, R&D Directorate
Space & Upper Atmosphere Research Commission
SUPARCO, Pakistan

2. Case Studies
Ms. Urooj Saeed
Senior Specialist GIS
The Urban Unit
503-Shaheen Complex,
Edgerton Road, Lahore, Pakistan
What is GIS?

Geographic Information System (GIS) is:

 A Method of Organizing Data

▪ Geographic Data (Maps)

▪ Descriptive Data (Databases)

▪ Images

 A Method of Distributing Data

 A Method of Analyzing Data

 A Method of Visualizing Data

GIS Components
GIS integrates the five basic components:
Major Questions for a GIS

• What exists at a certain location?

• Where are certain conditions satisfied?

• What has changed in a place over time?

• What spatial patterns exist?

• What if this condition occurred at this place?

(modelling, hypothesis testing)
Major Questions for a GIS
Describing Our World
We can describe any element of our world in two ways

Location Information: Attribute Information:

Where is it? What is it?

30°N, 70°E
GIS – Links
▪ Spatial information (where
things are) &
▪ Attribute information (what
things are)
GIS - Analysis
GIS software can answer questions about our world
Spatial Questions: Attribute Questions:
What districts border the Swabi Which districts have more than 1
district? million people?
GIS Data Layers
What can GIS do?

Street Data

Building Data

Vegetation Data

Real World
What can GIS do?

GIS integrates data in various formats and from many sources

GIS Functions

Capture Analyze

Store Display

Query Output
Capturing Data
Hardcopy maps
Digital data

Coordinates
670585.5, 2469234.6
673194.1, 2468432.3
675285.8, 2468391.2 GPS
674327.4, 2468565.9
673874.7, 2469823.0
Storing Data
• Vector formats
• Discrete representations of reality
X,Y X,Y X,Y

X,Y

• Raster formats
• Use square cells to model reality

Rows Reality
(A highway)

X,Y Columns
Representing Features in Vector Data
Real-world entities are abstracted into three basic shapes

Shops Streets Land uses

Points Lines Areas/Polygons

Combining Raster & Vector Data
Query
• Identifying specific features

• Identifying features based

on Districts
conditionswith a population greater
than 1 million
Analysis

Proximity

Overlay

Network
Display

Maps

Graphs

Reports
Output

Paper map Internet

Image Document
Pakistan.mxd
Pakistan.jpg
Map Scale
A scale meant the ratio of the distance on the map to the real distance on
the Earth. Map scale determines the size and shape of features. If the
features on the map look bigger, it is a big scale map.

city
Large scale
Smaller area
More detail
1:500 1:24000

city
Small scale
Larger area
Less detail
1:24000 1:250000
GIS Applications
Natural Resource Management

 Forestry
 Ecology
 Mining
 Petroleum
 Water Resources
Planning and Economic Development

 Land Use/Zoning

 Emergency Preparedness

 Population Forecast

 Market Analysis

 Property Tax Assessment

 Transportation
Transportation / Logistics
Environmental Applications
 Land cover and land use analysis
 Modelling watersheds
 Soil Erosion
 Forest management
 Conservation and Protected Areas
Business Applications

 Delivery of goods and services

 Retail store placement
 Distribution of competitors
 Location of potential customers
 Traffic
flow
 Parking locations
Agriculture

 Farm management

 Pest/Disease tracking

 Crop monitoring

 Yield prediction

 Soil analysis
Education

• School mapping

• Enrollment analysis

• Facilities management

• School transportation

• Staff/student location analysis

• School safety
Land Administration

• Parcel mapping

• Parcel type analysis

• Facilities management

• Crop type analysis

• Parcel location analysis

• Real Estate Market

management
Open Source GIS Softwares

General GIS viewing, editing, and analysis Software

Case Studies
• Water Supply Condition Mapping
• Coal Site Selection
• Delineation of State Boundaries
• Municipal Solid Waste Management
Water Supply Condition Map
 Coal Site Selection
Coal Site Selection problem
Problem
Requirements SDSS Criteria
1. Close to a water channel 1. Sites with 500m of water channel
2. Should away from major 2. Distance from nearest built up
settlements 3. Sites not in buffer area of 10
3. No nearby airport km of airport
4. Railway network for 4. Site distance from Railway line
logistics < 10 km
5. Road network for logistics 5. Distance from major highway
< 5 km
6. Away from International
6. Not in range of 5km of
border international border
7. Not in Flood range 7. Area should not have flood
history
 Coal Site Selection
http://202.166.167.115/coal_site_selection/

Source : The Urban Unit

Delineation of Legal Boundaries of State
Forests of Murree Forest Division
 Data
Data SetsSet
UsedUsed

• Survey of India topographic sheets of 1876

• Forest Compartment History File Records of 1926 and Latha maps
Revenue maps (Latha/Aks Massavi)
• Survey of Pakistan Topographic Sheets of 2005
• Geo Eye -1 Satellite image dated 6th April, 2010
• Google Earth Images of years 2002, 2005 and 2009
• Aster GDEM
Geo Eye - 1 Satellite Image
 1027
207
22 2
11.5
146.5
43.2 12 453

48 27
329
200.6 62
56 210
171 40
226 4.3 0
43
183.6 99
64
2002
2006
2002
2012
2006
2002
 Municipal Solid Waste Management
Through GIS
• Identification of exact location of collection containers,
either with GPS or surveys and demarcation on the base
map
• A map showing the quantity of waste generated in
different areas
• Waste collection route for transportation of waste to
the landfills can be determined
• Location of the waste disposal ground/landfill site
 Improper Locations of the Bin

The shown containers are

within 300 meters zone to each
other. While a large area is un-
served

Improper location of the

containers in Iqbal Town area
 Proposed Locations

Allama Iqbal Town

Source : The Urban Unit
Quantity of Waste Generated

 Demographic map
can be used to know
the more waste
generating areas.

 The category of
waste like domestic, Lahore:
industrial, 4200

commercial etc can

be found out easily
with the help of the
land use map.

Source : The Urban Unit

Least Route cost analysis
Basic Criteria To Be Considered

 These criteria include topography, distance, landuse type,

road condition, cost involved, time spent and population.
 One of the basic criteria for a least cost route is to start from
furthest point when the vehicle is empty. As the load increases,
the vehicle should be moving to the point near the main route
Route Selection Using GIS

Waste Origin

Waste Destination
Thank You