this / that

these / those
ARTICL USE
E
a/an  With singular nouns.
a book. a computer.

 a + consonant sound.
a dog. a telephone.

 a + /j/ sound
a university. a US city. a useful book.

 an + vowel sound (a, e, i, o, u) and silent h.

an orange. an hour.

 When we mention something for the first time.

I’ve got a phone in my pocket.

the  Whit singular and plural nouns.

the books. the apples.

 When we mention something again.

The phone isn’t mine

some  With plural nouns when we don’t know or don’t want to say
how many.
I’ve got a pen and some pencils.
 NEAR FAR

SINGULAR This That

PLURAL These Those