Professional Documents
Culture Documents
UK Physics-9841895036
Department of PHYSICS
CCRC
2077
1 Defination and,
~AB = V
V ~A − V
~B
~AB = V
V ~A − V
~B = (5 − 3)m/s = 2m/s
and,
~BA = V
V ~B − V
~A = (3 − 5)m/s = −2m/s
~AB = V
V ~A − (−V
~B ) = V
~A + V
~B = (5 + 3)m/s = 8m/s In this case, the magnitude and direction of the
resultant will be;
1
q
~AB | =
|V ~A |2 + |V
|V ~B |2 − 2|V
~A ||V
~B | cos θ
1
−1 |V~B | sin θ
and: α = tan
~A |−|V
|V ~B | cos θ
Figure 1: Actual direction of rain and man
and,
Here,
the relative velocity of the body B with respect to
the body A is; The relative velocity of rain w.r.t. man is denoted
~rm and is expressed as;
by V
~BA = V
V ~B − V~A
~rm = V
V ~r − V~m .
q
~BA | =
|V ~B |2 + |V
|V ~A |2 − 2|V
~B ||V
~A | cos θ
Figure 2: Relative velocity of rain w.r.t. man
2
|V~A | sin θ
and, : α = tan−1
~B |−|V
|V ~A | cos θ
From the figure, we have;
q
~
Magnitude: |Vrm | = |V ~ r |2 + |V
~ m |2
Homework
~
and direction : θ◦ = tan−1 ||VV~m||
Solve the above equations, 1 and 2 for different r
2
At what angle should he tilt his umbrella in order to
protect himself from the rain?
Solution,
expressed as;
distance
T = V elocitycomponentalongAB
d
or, T = v cos θ
From the figure, we have; Thus, for the shortest time, the swimmer should
swim perpendicular to the flow.
Magnitude of the relative velocity of rain w.r.t.
man is given by: For shortest path
q
~rm | = |V
|V ~r |2 + |V
~ m |2 The distance AB = d is the shortest path. For
shortest path, the horizontal component should balance
here, the speed of the flow of river.
~r = 12km/hr
V i.e., v sin θ = u
~m = 5km/hr.
and V
u
or, sin θ = v
With these values, we will get
or, θ = sin−1 ( uv ).
~rm | = 13km/hr
|V
Thus, to cross the river along the shortest path,
−1 |V~m | the man should inclined to the left at an angle of
and direction : θ = tan ~r |
|V sin−1 ( uv ) with perpendicular to the flow.
Using the values, we will get, θ = 22.6◦
Example
Thus the man should he tilt his umbrella at an
A man who can swim in still water with a speed
angle of 22.6◦ with the vertical, in order to protect
of 2 m/s wants to cross a river 200 m broad, flowing at
himself from the rain
a speed of 1 m/s. Find, (i) the time of crossing by the
shortest path, (ii) the minimum time of crossing.
3 Crossing river problem
Solution.
Consider a river current has a velocity ~u and a man can
swim in a still water with a velocity ~v .
For the first case,
For shortest time
From the figure, the time of crossing by the short-
The time required to cross from A to B can be est path is given by;
3
For the newspapers to fly parallel to the driveways
when they are airborne, the component of velocity
of Vp that is parallel to the road must cancel out
with Vc , so that the velocity of the newspaper with re-
spect to ground is in a direction parallel to the driveways.
Using trigonometry,
−1 Vc
Vp sin θ = Vc , and θ = sin Vp .
Figure 5: Crossing river problem
T = distance
··· 1 Homeworks
V elocitycomponentalongAB,(VAB )
Finally, using these values in equation 1, we will 1. A car is going east at 60 km/hr. A truck is
get, T=115.6 s. going south at 30 km/hr. What is the velocity the truck
with respect to the car? [Ans: 67 km/hr at 64.4◦ West
For the second case, of South]
The minimum time of crossing is given by; 2. A truck travelling at a 50 km/hr towards north
turns west at the √
same speed. What is the change in
Tshortest = vd . velocity? [Ans: 50 2 at South West]
Using, d = 200m, and v = 2m/s, finally we will 3. A particle posses two velocities 10 m/s and 2
get, T=100 s. m/s inclined at an angle of 120◦ . Find the magnitude
and direction of the resultant velocities. [Ans: magni-
Some solved questions tude; 9.17 m/s and direction; 10.9◦ ]
1. A car is driving down the road at a velocity 4. A stone attached to a string is whirled round
Vc , relative to ground, and is delivering newspapers to in a horizontal circle with a constant speed of 10 m/s.
homes, as shown in the figure below. The newspapers Calculate the difference in the velocity when the stone
are thrown at a velocity of Vp relative to the car. At is (i) at the opposite ends of a diameter (ii) in two
what angle θ must the newspapers be thrown, relative positions of A and B, where angle AOB is 90◦ and O is
to the car, so that they fly in a direction parallel to the the center of the circle. [Ans: (i); 20 m/s, (ii); 14.1 m/s]
driveways?
5. A swimmer swimming across a river flowing at
a velocity of 4 m/s swims at the velocity of 2 m/s.
Calculate the actual velocity of the swimmer and the
angle. [Ans: 4.47 m/s and 26.57◦ ]
Level - 2
4
which it was originally directed. [Ans: far distance; 33.3 value of w to make sure this limit is not exceeded? [Ans:
5
m] w = ( d +R) .]
2
Level - 3