End User

Common features
 5References
End user[edit]
See also: End user
End users are the ultimate human users (also referred to as operators) of a software
product. The end user stands in contrast to users who support or maintain the product
such as sysops, database administrators and computer technicians. The term is used to
abstract and distinguish those who only use the software from the developers of the
system, who enhance the software for end users.[1] In user-centered design, it also
distinguishes the software operator from the client who pays for its development and
other stakeholders who may not directly use the software, but help establish
its requirements.[2][3] This abstraction is primarily useful in designing the user interface,
and refers to a relevant subset of characteristics that most expected users would have
in common.
In user-centered design, personas are created to represent the types of users. It is
sometimes specified for each persona which types of user interfaces it is comfortable
with (due to previous experience or the interface's inherent simplicity), and what
technical expertise and degree of knowledge it has in specific fields or disciplines. When
few constraints are imposed on the end-user category, especially when designing
programs for use by the general public, it is common practice to expect minimal
technical expertise or previous training in end users. [4]
The end-user development discipline blurs the typical distinction between users and
developers. It designates activities or techniques in which people who are not
professional developers create automated behavior and complex data objects without
significant knowledge of a programming language.
Systems whose actor is another system or a software agent have no direct end users.
User account[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this
section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be
challenged and removed. (October 2019) (Learn how and when to remove
this template message)
A user's account allows a user to authenticate to a system and potentially to

receive authorization to access resources provided by or connected to that system;
however, authentication does not imply authorization. To log into an account, a user is
typically required to authenticate oneself with a password or other credentials for the
purposes of accounting, security, logging, and resource management.
Once the user has logged on, the operating system will often use an identifier such as
an integer to refer to them, rather than their username, through a process known
as identity correlation. In Unix systems, the username is correlated with a user
identifier or user id.
Computer systems operate in one of two types based on what kind of users they have:
 Single-user systems do not have a concept of several user accounts.

 Multi-user systems have such a concept, and require users to identify themselves before
using the system.
Each user account on a multi-user system typically has a home directory, in which to
store files pertaining exclusively to that user's activities, which is protected from access
by other users (though a system administrator may have access). User accounts often
contain a public user profile, which contains basic information provided by the account's
owner. The files stored in the home directory (and all other directories in the system)
have file system permissions which are inspected by the operating system to determine
which users are granted access to read or execute a file, or to store a new file in that
directory.
While systems expect most user accounts to be used by only a single person, many
systems have a special account intended to allow anyone to use the system, such as
the username "anonymous" for anonymous FTP and the username "guest" for a guest
account.
Username format[edit]
Various computer operating-systems and applications expect/enforce different rules for
the format.
In Microsoft Windows environments, for example, note the potential use of: [5]
 User Principal Name (UPN) format – for example: UserName@Example.com

 Down-Level Logon Name format – for example: DOMAIN\UserName
Terminology[edit]
Some usability professionals have expressed their dislike of the term "user" and have
proposed changing it.[6] Don Norman stated that "One of the horrible words we use is
'users'. I am on a crusade to get rid of the word 'users'. I would prefer to call them
'people'."[7]
Users of computer systems and software products generally lack the technical expertise
required to fully understand how they work. [8] Power users use advanced features of
programs, though they are not necessarily capable of computer
programming and system administration.[9][10]
See also[edit]
 1% rule (Internet culture)
 Anonymous post
 Prosumer
 Pseudonym
 End-user computing, systems in which non-programmers can create working
applications.
 End-user database, a collection of data developed by individual end-users.
 End-user development, a technique that allows people who are not professional
developers to perform programming tasks, i.e. to create or modify software.
 End-user license agreement (EULA), a contract between a supplier of software and its
purchaser, granting the right to use it.
 Luser
 nickname
 Registered user
 User error
 User agent
 User experience
 User space
References[edit]
1. ^ Ko, Andrew J.; Abraham, Robin; Beckwith, Laura; Blackwell, Alan; Burnett, Margaret; Erwig,
Martin; Scaffidi, Chris; Lawrance, Joseph; Lieberman, Henry; Myers, Brad; Rosson, Mary Beth;
Rothermel, Gregg; Shaw, Mary; Wiedenbeck, Susan (April 2011). "The State of the Art in End-User
Software Engineering" (PDF). ACM Computing Surveys. 43 (3): 1–
44. doi:10.1145/1922649.1922658. S2CID 9435548.
2. ^ "Understanding Organizational Stakeholders for Design Success". 2004-05-06.
Retrieved 2016-08-31.
3. ^ Rigsbee, Sarah, and William B. Fitzpatrick. "User-Centered Design: A Case Study on Its
Application to the Tactical Tomahawk Weapons Control System."Johns Hopkins APL Technical
Digest 31.1 (2012): 76–82.
4. ^ "What is end user?". Retrieved November 7, 2010.
5. ^ "User Name Formats". MSDN. Developer technologies. Microsoft. Retrieved 2016-01-
11. The down-level logon name format is used to specify a domain and a user account in that domain
[...].
6. ^ Don Norman. "Words Matter. Talk About People: Not Customers, Not Consumers, Not
Users".
7. ^ "Don Norman at UX Week 2008 © Adaptive Path". Retrieved 8 November 2010.
8. ^ Jargon File entry for "User". Retrieved November 7, 2010.
9. ^ "Power Users' Guide". sap.com. Retrieved 2015-01-14.
10. ^ "Windows Confidential: Power to the Power User". microsoft.com. 2012. Retrieved 2015-
01-14.
This article is based on material taken from the Free On-line Dictionary of

Computing prior to 1 November 2008 and incorporated under the "relicensing" terms of
the GFDL, version 1.3 or later.
hide
Authority control
Integrated Authority File (Germany)
United States
Categories:
 Computing terminology
 Identity management
 Consumer
Navigation menu
 Not logged in
 Talk
 Contributions
 Create account
 Log in
 Article
 Talk
 Read
 Edit
 View history
Search
Search Go
 Main page
 Contents
 Current events
 Random article
 About Wikipedia
 Contact us
 Donate
Contribute
 Help
 Learn to edit
 Community portal
 Recent changes
 Upload file
Tools
 What links here
 Related changes
 Special pages
 Permanent link
 Page information
 Cite this page
 Wikidata item
Print/export
 Download as PDF
 Printable version
In other projects
 Wikimedia Commons
Languages
 ‫العربية‬
 বাংলা
 Deutsch
 Español
 Français
 हिन्दी
 Bahasa Melayu
 Português
 中文
33 more
Edit links
 This page was last edited on 3 September 2021, at 02:32 (UTC).

 Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using
this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation,
Inc., a non-profit organization.
 Privacy policy
 About Wikipedia
 Disclaimers
 Contact Wikipedia
 Mobile view
 Developers
 Statistics
 Cookie statement
elop their skills to become better leaders but also im

1. the importance of leader charisma, inspirational motivation, intellectual
stimulation, and individualized ld organizations look for charismatic leaders when
selecting managers?
What are the differences (if any) between a leader having a high Contemporary
approaches to leadership include transformational leadership, leader-member
exchange, servant leadership, and authentic leadership. The transformational
leadership approach highlights the importance of leader charisma, inspirational
motivation, intellectual
Review article
Leadership theory in clinical practice
Author links open overlay panelJie-HuiXu

Show more
Add to Mendeley
Share
Cite
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnre.2017.10.001Get rights and content

Under a Creative Commons license
open access
, but in this method, the manager waits until something goes wrong before coming to
the rescue.
Which leadership style do you think is more effective, transformational or transactional?

Research shows that transformational leadership is a powerful influence over leader
Ab Contemporary approaches to leadership include transformational leadership,
leader-member exchange, servant leadership, and authentic leadership. The
transformational leadership approach highlights the importance of leader charisma,
inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized ld organizations look
for charismatic leaders when selecting managers?
motivation, intellectual stimulatio leadership effectiveness. Ultimately, it is found
that different leadership styles are needed for different situations, and leaders
should know which approach is most effective in a given scenario to achieve
the organization's goals.
Previous article
g employees for their accomplishments. Active management by exception involves

leaving employees to do their jobs without interference, but at the same time proactively
predicting potential problems and preventing them from occurring. Passive
management by exception is similar in that it involves leaving employees alone, but in
this method, the manager waits until something goes wrong before coming to the
rescue.
 Which leadership style do you think is more effective, transformational or

transactional? Research shows that transformational leadership is a powerful influence
over leader effectiveness as well as employee satisfaction. In fact, transformational
leaders increase the intrinsic motivation of their followers, build more effective
relationships with employees, increase performance and creativity of their followers,
increase team performance, and create higher levels of commitment to organizational
change efforts. However, except for passive management by exception, the
transactional leadership styles are also effective, and they also have positive influences
over leader performance as well as employee attitudes. To maximize their effectivg to
work with. This article aims to use different leadership theories to interpret a
common scenario in
 Next article in issue
Keywords
Leadership
Leadership theory
Clinical Next article improves relationships with colleagues and leaders who
have previously been challenging to work with. This article aims to use
different leadership theories to interpret a common scenario in
Keywords
Leadership
Leadership theory
Clinical practice
Transformational leadership
adership theory is a recent addition to the literature, but more research has been
conducted on this theory than all the contingency theories combined. The theory
distinguishes between transformational and transactional leaders. Transformational
leaders lead employees by aligning employee goals with the
f General Electric for 20 years. Each of these leaders is charismatic and is held
responsible for the turnarounds of their companies.
While transformational leaders rely on their charisma, persuasiveness, and personal

appeal to change and inspire their companies, transactional leaders use three other
methods. Contingent rewards mean rewarding employees for their
accomplishments. Active management by exception involves leaving employees to do
their jobs without interference, but at the same time proactively predicting potential
problems and preventing them from occurring. Passive management by exception is
similar in that it involves leaving employees alone, but in this method, the manager
waits until something goes wrong before coming to the rescue.

transactional? Research shows that transformational leadership is a powerful influence
over leader effectiveness as well
d subordinate commitment, improved interpersonal helping behaviors,

increases in citizenship behaviors directed toward the community, and
improved job performance.
Back To: LEADERSHIP
their nursing practice. Being adept in recognizing these styles not only
enables nurses to develop their skills to become better leaders but also
improves relationships with colleagues and leaders who have previously been
challenging to work with. This article aims to use different leadership theories
to interpret a common scenario in clinical settings in order to improve
leadership effectiveness. Ultimately, it is found that different leadership styles
are needed for different situations, and leaders should know which approach
is most effective in a given scenario to achieve the organization's goals.
 Previous article in issue
Keywords Keywords
Leadership
Leadership theory
Clinical practice
2. Ab Contemporary approaches to leadership include transformational
leadership, leader-member exchange, servant leadership, and authentic
leadership. The transformational leadership approach highlights the importance
of leader charisma, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and
individualized ld organizations look for charismatic leaders when selecting
managers?
Previous article in issue toward the community, and improved job performance.
Back To: LEADERSHIP
improves relationships wit Chinese Nu toward the community, and
Back To: LEADERSHIP
their nursing pr to interpret a common scenario in
Review article

Show more
Add to Mendeley
Share
Cite

open access
Ab Contemporary approaches to leadership include transformational
individualized actice. Being adept in recognizing these styles not only
improves relationships with colleagues and leaders who have previously
been challenging to work with. This article aims to use different
leadership theories to interpret a common scenario inrsing
Research
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2017, Pages 155-157
toward the community, and improved job performance.
Back To: LEADERSHIP
enables nurses to develop their skills
Keywords
Leadership
Leadership theory
Clinical practice
3. Transformational leadership Ab Contemporary approaches to leadership
include transformational leadership, leader-member exchange, servant
leadership, and authentic leadership. The transformational leadership approach
highlights the importance of leader charisma, inspirational motivation, intellectual
stimulation, and individualized ld organizations look for charismatic leaders when
selecting managers?
Back To: LEADERSHIP
Back To: LEADERSHIP
Review article

Show more
Add to Mendeley
Share
Cite

open access
Research
Back To: LEADERSHIP
Leadership
Leadership theory
Clinical practice
Peer review under responsibility of Shanxi Medical Periodical Press.
© 2017 Shanxi Medical Periodical Press. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V.
Recommended articles
No articles
4. use different leadership theories t Ab Contemporary approaches to

leadership include transformational leadership, leader-member exchange,
servant leadership, and authentic leadership. The transformational leadership
approach highlights the importance of leader charisma, inspirational motivation,
intellectual stimulation, and individualized ld organizations look for charismatic
leaders when selecting managers?
Back To: LEADERSHIP
Back To: LEADERSHIP
Review article

Show more
Add to Mendeley
Share
Cite

effectiveness as well as employee satisfaction. In fact, transformational leaders
Leadership
Leadership theory
Clinical practice


transactional? Research shows that transformational leadership is a powerful
influence over leader effectiveness as well as employee satisfaction. In fact,
transformational leaders increase the intrinsic motivation of their followers, build
more effective relationships with employees, increase performance and creativity
of their followers, increase team performance, and create higher levels of
commitment to organizational change efforts. However, except for passive
management by exception, the transactional leadership styles are also effective,
and they also have positive influences over leader performance as well as
employee attitudes. To maximize their effectivPrivacy policy
We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor
content and ads. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies.
Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or
leadership effectiveness. Ultimately, it is found that different leadership styles
are needed goals.
Cimp Add your score for 7, 8, 9 = _____ This is your score on the Contribution factor
of LMX.
the importance of leader charisma, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and

individualized consideration as methods of What are the characteristics of
transformational leaders? Are transformational leaders more effective than transactional
leaders?
1. What is charisma? What are the advantages and disadvantages of charismatic

leadership? Should organizations look for charismatic leaders when selecting
managers?
What are the differences (if any) between a leader having a highContemporary
motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration as methods of What
are the characteristics of transformational leaders? Are transformational leaders more
effective than transactional leaders?

managers?
What are the differences (if any) between a leader having a highContemporary
motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration as methods of What
are the characteristics of transformational leaders? Are transformational leaders more
effective than transactional leaders?

as methods of What are the characteristics of transformational leaders? Are

Show more
Add to Mendeley
Share
Cite
ader having a high Contemporary approaches to leadership include transformational
leadership, leader-member exchange, servant leadership, and authentic leadership.
The transformational leadership approach highlights the importance of leader charisma,
inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, to interpret a common scenario in
Review article

improves relationships with colleagues and leaders who have previously b to
the advantages and disadvantages of charismatic leadership? Shou to interpret a
common scenario in
Review article

Show more
Back To: LEADERSHIP
improves relationships with colleagues and leaders who have previously been
challenging to work with. This article aims to use different leadership theories
consideration as to interpret a common scenario in
Review article

Show more
Add to Mendeley
Share
Cite
der charisma, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, to interpret a common
scenario in
Review article

Show more
Add to Mendeley
Share
Cite

open access

inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized onal leaders? Are
transformational leaders more effective than transactional leaders?

managers?
exchange, servant leadership,

open access
inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized
What is charisma? What leadership effectiveness. Ultimately, it is found that

different leadership styles are needed for different situations, and leaders
Previous article in issue toward the community, and improved job

performance.
Back To: LEADERSHIP
improves relationships with colleagues and leaders who have previously b to
interpret a common scenario in
Review article

Show more
Add to Mendeley
Share
Cite

the advantages and disadvantages of charismatic leadership? Shou to interpret a
common scenario in
Review article

Show more
Add to Mendeley
Share
Cite

open access
to become better leaders but also improves relationships with colleagues and
leaders who have previously been challenging to work with. This article aims
to use different leadership theories
consideration as to interpret a common scenario in
Review article

Show more
Add to Mendeley
Share
Cite

open access

inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized methods of What are
the characteristics of transformational leaders? Are transformational leaders more
Review article

Show more
Add to Mendeley
than transactional
 roves relationships with colleagues and leaders who have previously

been challenging to work with. This article aims to use different leadership
theories to interpret a common scenario in
Keywords
Leadership
Leadership theory
Clinical practice

Which leadership style do you think is more effective, transformational or

transactional? Research shows that transformational leadership is a powerful
influence over leader effectiveness as well as employee satisfaction. In fact,
transformational leaders increase the intrinsic motivation of their followers,
build more effective relationships with employees, increase performance and
creativity of their followers, increase team performance, and create higher
levels of commitment to organizational change efforts. However, except for
passive management by exception, the transactional leadership styles are
also effective, and they also have positive influences over leader performance
as well as employee attitudes. To maximize their effectivhinese Nu toward
the community, and improved job performance.
Back To: LEADERSHIP
Review article

Show more
Add to Mendeley
Share
Cite

open access
Research
Back To: LEADERSHIP
 their nursing practice. Being adept in recognizing these styles not only
enables nurses to develimproves relationships with colleagues and leaders
who have previously been challenging to work with. This article aims to use
different leadership theories to interpret a common scenario in
Keywords
Leadership
Leadership theory
5. Clinical practice Ab Contemporary approaches to leadership include
transformational leadership, leader-member exchange, servant leadership, and
authentic leadership. The transformational leadership approach highlights the
importance of leader charisma, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation,
and individualized ld organizations look for charismatic leaders when selecting
managers?
Back To: LEADERSHIP
Back To: LEADERSHIP
Review article

Show more
Add to Mendeley
Share
Cite

open access
Research
Back To: LEADERSHIP
6. Transformational le Ab Contemporary approaches to leadership include
transformational leadership, leader-member exchange, servant leadership, and
authentic leadership. The transformational leadership approach highlights the
importance of leader charisma, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation,
and individualized ld organizations look for charismatic leaders when selecting
managers?
Back To: LEADERSHIP
their nursing practice. Being

End User

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

End User

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Common features

A user's account allows a user to authenticate to a system and potentially to

 Single-user systems do not have a concept of several user accounts.

 User Principal Name (UPN) format – for example: UserName@Example.com

This article is based on material taken from the Free On-line Dictionary of

Integrated Authority File (Germany)

 This page was last edited on 3 September 2021, at 02:32 (UTC).

elop their skills to become better leaders but also im

Leadership theory in clinical practice

Author links open overlay panelJie-HuiXu

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnre.2017.10.001Get rights and content

Which leadership style do you think is more effective, transformational or transactional?

g employees for their accomplishments. Active management by exception involves

 Which leadership style do you think is more effective, transformational or

While transformational leaders rely on their charisma, persuasiveness, and personal

 Which leadership style do you think is more effective, transformational or

d subordinate commitment, improved interpersonal helping behaviors,

Previous article in issue toward the community, and improved job performance.

Leadership theory in clinical practice

Author links open overlay panelJie-HuiXu

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnre.2017.10.001Get rights and content

toward the community, and improved job performance.

Previous article in issue toward the community, and improved job performance.

Leadership theory in clinical practice

Author links open overlay panelJie-HuiXu

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnre.2017.10.001Get rights and content

toward the community, and improved job performance.

© 2017 Shanxi Medical Periodical Press. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V.

4. use different leadership theories t Ab Contemporary approaches to

Previous article in issue toward the community, and improved job performance.

Leadership theory in clinical practice

Author links open overlay panelJie-HuiXu

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnre.2017.10.001Get rights and content

While transformational leaders rely on their charisma, persuasiveness, and personal

 Which leadership style do you think is more effective, transformational or

the importance of leader charisma, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and

1. What is charisma? What are the advantages and disadvantages of charismatic

1. What is charisma? What are the advantages and disadvantages of charismatic

1. What is charisma? What are the advantages and disadvantages of charismatic

as methods of What are the characteristics of transformational leaders? Are

Leadership theory in clinical practice

Author links open overlay panelJie-HuiXu

Leadership theory in clinical practice

Author links open overlay panelJie-HuiXu

Leadership theory in clinical practice

Author links open overlay panelJie-HuiXu

toward the community, and improved job performance.

Leadership theory in clinical practice

Author links open overlay panelJie-HuiXu

Leadership theory in clinical practice

Author links open overlay panelJie-HuiXu

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnre.2017.10.001Get rights and content

Ab Contemporary approaches to leadership include transformational leadership,

1. What is charisma? What are the advantages and disadvantages of charismatic

Under a Creative Commons license

What is charisma? What leadership effectiveness. Ultimately, it is found that

Previous article in issue toward the community, and improved job

Leadership theory in clinical practice

Author links open overlay panelJie-HuiXu

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnre.2017.10.001Get rights and content

Leadership theory in clinical practice

Author links open overlay panelJie-HuiXu

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnre.2017.10.001Get rights and content