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 09

HOSPITAL AND HEALTHCARE

FACILITIES
HOSPITAL AND HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
Hospital size
• Area requirement
• Bed capacity
• Level and type of service
• Facility
depends on the size of the population

Types of Hospitals as to size:

1. Regional hospital – It is usually located in regional capital and offers more

services than that of a provincial hospital but lesser than the services offered by
the medical center. The approximate average capacity in terms of hospital beds
is about 150 to 2000 beds (assuming the ratio of 1 bed per 2,000 population and
with a given population of 500,000).

2. Provincial hospital – It offers services as that of an emergency hospital,

including the provision of auxiliary services such as X-ray, laboratory and
anesthesia, regardless of the number of beds. They also provide sufficient nursing
staff to support the specialists. Its bed capacity is from 50 to 100 beds. It services
the province where the hospital is located.

3. Emergency hospital – Provides definite care in the four basic specialties. It has an
average bed capacity of 25 to 50 beds
• Medicine
• Surgery
• Obstetrics
• Gynecology
• Pediatrics.
HOSPITAL AND HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
Types of Hospitals as to size:
4. Rural Health Unit – A unit engaged in a broad range of activities such as
treatment, consultation and dispensation of drugs and medicines; operation,
calls and attendance at houses, deliveries, sanitary campaigns, immunizations
and emergency treatment. These RHU’s may have 2 to 3 beds serving a
population of 5,000 to 50,000 people. The catchment area is the whole of the
municipality if the population is 50,000 or less.
5. Barrio Health Station – It serves as the most basic unit which dispenses primary
health care (that of maternal and sanitary health care). The recommended service
zone is from 3 to 8 kilometers.

General Standards for Health Center Location and its Services

The minimum site requirements of the different categories of hospitals by bed
capacity:

Type of hospital by Bed Capacity Site Area

25 1,125 sq. m.
50 1,887 sq. m.
75 2,137 sq. m.
100 3,400 sq. m.
125 3,659 sq. m.
150 6,280 sq. m.
HOSPITAL AND HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
The bed- population ratio according to the Department of Health is 1 bed per
2,000 population while the standard of the World Health Organization is 1 bed
per 1,000 population.

Republic Act No. 1080 provides that a local government should provide a rural
health clinic for every 10,000 population with at least 1 physician, 1 nurse, 1
midwife and1 sanitary officer.

Location and Site

The land most suitable for locating a health center is on a topography which is
generally flat. The slope may range from less than 4% to 10%. Clayey gravel and
clayey sands are the appropriate soil type for a health center. These type of soil have
more than 10% - 12% silt and clay which make it stable when loaded with adequate
bearing foundations.

Access

The health center must be at least 800 meters away from the nearest residential
zone and accessible within a maximum travel time of one hour (50 kms.) from the
farthest residential zone.

General Services

The health center should be reached within a 2-5 minute travel time from the nearest
fire station. Another protective service that is complementary to the health center is
the police station, which is recommended to be located within 1 to 5 kilometers from
the health center, or 5 minutes travel time.
HOSPITAL AND HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
Hospitals are considered as the most complex of building types.

Diagnostic and treatment functions,

• Clinical laboratories
• Imaging
• Emergency rooms
•Surgery
• Hospitality functions, such as food service and housekeeping
• Inpatient care or bed-related function.

Design considerations:
 Efficiency and Cost-Effectiveness
 Flexibility and Expandability
 Therapeutic Environment
 Cleanliness and Sanitation
 Accessibility
 Controlled Circulation
 Aesthetics
 Sustainability
HOSPITAL AND HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
Design considerations:
Efficiency and cost effectiveness
• Efficiency by minimizing distance of necessary travel between frequently
used spaces
• Allow easy visual supervision of patients by limited staff
• Include all needed spaces, but no redundant ones.

Flexibility and Expandability

• Follow modular concepts of space planning and layout
•Use generic room sizes and plans as much as possible, rather than
highly specific ones
• Be served by modular, easily accessed, and easily modified mechanical
and electrical systems

Therapeutic Environment
• Using cheerful and varied colors and textures, keeping in mind that some
colors are inappropriate and can interfere with provider assessments of
patients' pallor and skin tones, disorient older or impaired patients, or agitate
patients and staff, particularly some psychiatric patients .
• Admitting ample natural light wherever feasible and using color-corrected
lighting in interior spaces which closely approximates natural daylight
• Providing views of the outdoors from every patient bed,
HOSPITAL AND HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
Design considerations:
Cleanliness
• Appropriate, durable finishes for each functional space
• Careful detailing of such features as doorframes, casework, and finish
transitions to avoid dirt-catching and hard-to-clean crevices and joints
• Adequate and appropriately located housekeeping spaces
• Special materials, finishes, and details for spaces

Accessibility
All areas, both inside and out, should:
Comply with the minimum requirements of the National Building Code, Fire
Code and Accessibility Law.

Aesthetics
Aesthetics is closely related to creating a therapeutic environment (homelike,
attractive.) Increased use of natural light, natural materials, and textures
• Use of artwork
• Attention to proportions, color, scale, and detail
• Bright, open, generously-scaled public spaces
• Homelike and intimate scale in patient rooms, day rooms, consultation
rooms, and offices
• Compatibility of exterior design with its physical surroundings
HOSPITAL AND HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
Design considerations:
Controlled circulation
A hospital is a complex system of interrelated functions requiring constant
movement of people and goods. Much of this circulation should be controlled.

• Outpatients visiting diagnostic and treatment areas should not travel through
inpatient functional areas nor encounter severely ill inpatients
• Typical outpatient routes should be simple and clearly defined
• Visitors should have a simple and direct route to each patient nursing unit
without penetrating other functional areas
• Separate patients and visitors from industrial/logistical areas or floors

Security and safety

In addition to the general safety concerns of all buildings, hospitals
have several particular security concerns:

• Protection of hospital property and assets, including drugs

• Protection of patients, including incapacitated patients, and staff
• Safe control of violent or unstable patients
• Vulnerability to damage from terrorism
HOSPITAL AND HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
Services traditionally hospital-based

• Hospital out-patient services.

• Hospital diagnostic services.
• X-ray services and other imaging.
• Minor surgical procedures.
• Drop in centre (drug addiction centre), walk-in centre.
• Walk-in treatment facilities.
• Beds – intermediate and day care beds.

Relationship and zoning diagram for a health centre

HOSPITAL AND HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
Types of spaces

The activities generated by the range of services listed above do

not all need different types of spaces. Their activities will require
one or more of the following types of space:

• Entrance/waiting/reception/patient amenity
• Record storage/administration
• Consulting/examination rooms/interview rooms
• Treatment rooms (general and specialized)
• Diagnostic rooms (general and specialized)
• Large spaces with associated storage for group activities (baby
clinics, health education, relaxation classes)
• Staff office bases
• Seminar rooms/meeting rooms/library
• Staff facilities
• Support facilities (clean and dirty utility rooms, storage, disposal,
cleaners’ rooms)
• Non-acute in-patient wards with support
• Plant rooms
• Car parking/drop off points
HOSPITAL AND HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
Spatial arrangements

Hospital

In-patient Support facilities Out-patient

•Hospitality •Clinical
•In-patient laboratories
functions,
care • Imaging
/such as food service
or bed-related • Emergency
/housekeeping
function. rooms
• Utilities
•Surgery
• Clinics
HOSPITAL AND HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
Spatial relationship
HOSPITAL AND HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
General spatial arrangements
HOSPITAL AND HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
Site development plan
HOSPITAL AND HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
Site planning

healthcare

Room/beds E
Nurse station/utilities
Hallways and exits
HOSPITAL AND HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
Site planning

LOCATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF STAIRS AND RAMPS

These vital modes of circulation require strategic location corresponding
to the requirements of convenient and routine movements of
schoolchildren, as well as the compliance with building codes.
HOSPITAL AND HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
Site planning
1.50m

ROOM modules =
30.00- 36.00m

BASIC H-TYPE BUILDING

HOSPITAL AND HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
Site planning

SUPPORT

ALTERNATIVE 1
HOSPITAL AND HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
Site planning

SUPPORT

SUPPORT

ALTERNATIVE 2
HOSPITAL AND HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
Character
HOSPITAL AND HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
Character
HOSPITAL AND HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
Hospital interiors

Lobby Out-patient

Hallway Patient room

END