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The following table provides Eo and Eo´ values for selected reduction reactions. Values are from the following sources: Bard,
A. J.; Parsons, B.; Jordon, J., eds. Standard Potentials in Aqueous Solutions, Dekker: New York, 1985; Milazzo, G.; Caroli, S.;
Sharma, V. K. Tables of Standard Electrode Potentials, Wiley: London, 1978; Swift, E. H.; Butler, E. A. Quantitative
Measurements and Chemical Equilibria, Freeman: New York, 1972.
Solids, gases, and liquids are identified; all other species are aqueous. Reduction reactions in acidic solution are written using
H+ in place of H3O+. You may rewrite a reaction by replacing H+ with H3O+ and adding to the opposite side of the reaction
one molecule of H2O per H+; thus
+ –
H AsO +2 H +2 e −
↽⇀
− HAsO +2 H O
3 4 2 2
becomes
+ –
H AsO +2 H O +2 e −
↽⇀
− HAsO +4 H O
3 4 3 2 2
o
Conditions for formal potentials (E ´) are listed next to the potential.
Aluminum E° (V)
Antimony E° (V)
Arsenic E° (V)
Barium E° (V)
Beryllium E° (V)
Bismuth E° (V)
Boron E° (V)
Bromine E° (V)
Cadmium E° (V)
Calcium E° (V)
Carbon E° (V)
Cerium E° (V)
Cesium E° (V)
Cs
+
(aq) + e
−
⇌ Cs(s) -2.92
Chlorine E° (V)
Chromium E° (V)
3+ − 2+
Cr +e ⇌ Cr –0.424
2+ −
Cr + 2e ⇌ Cr(s) –0.90
Cr2O72− + 14H + 6e + −
⇌ 2Cr 3+
+ 7H2O(l) 1.36
Cobalt E° (V)
Copper E° (V)
Fluorine E° (V)
Gallium E° (V)
Ga
3+
+ 3e
−
⇌ Ga(s) -0.56
Gold E° (V)
Hydrogen E° (V)
2H
+
+ 2e
−
⇌ H2 (g) 0.00000
H2O + e− ⇌ ½H2(g) + OH− –0.828
Iodine E° (V)
I2 (s) + 2 e
−
⇌ 2I
−
0.5355
I3− + 2e− ⇌ 3I− 0.536
HIO + H+ + 2e− ⇌ I− + H2O(l) 0.985
IO3− + 6H+ + 5e− ⇌ ½I2(s) + 3H2O(l) 1.195
IO3−+ 3H2O(l) + 6e− ⇌ I− + 6OH− 0.257
Iron E° (V)
Lanthanum E° (V)
Lead E° (V)
Lithium E° (V)
Magnesium E° (V)
Manganese E° (V)
Mercury E° (V)
Molybdenum E° (V)
Nickel E° (V)
Nitrogen E° (V)
N2 (g) + 5 H
+
+ 4e
−
⇌ N2 H
+
5
–0.23
N2O(g) + 2H+ + 2e− ⇌ N2(g) + H2O(l) 1.77
2NO(g) + 2H+ + 2e− ⇌ N2O(g) + H2O(l) 1.59
HNO2 + H+ +e− ⇌ NO(g) + H2O(l) 0.996
2HNO2 + 4H+ + 4e− ⇌ N2O(g) + 3H2O(l) 1.297
NO3− + 3H+ + 2e− ⇌ HNO2 + H2O(l) 0.94
NO (g) + H
2
+
(aq) + e
−
⇌ HNO (aq)
2
1.07
NO3-(aq) + 4H+(aq) + 3e- ⇌ NO(g) + 2H2O(l) 0.96
Oxygen E° (V)
O2 (g) + 2 H
+
+ 2e
−
⇌ H2 O2 0.695
O2(g) + 4H+ + 4e− ⇌ 2H2O(l) 1.229
H2O2 + 2H+ + 2e− ⇌ 2H2O(l) 1.763
O2(g) + 2H2O(l) + 4e− ⇌ 4OH− 0.401
O3(g) + 2H+ + 2e− ⇌ O2(g) + H2O(l) 2.07
O2 (g) + e- ⇌ O2-(aq) -0.33
O2 (aq) + e- ⇌ O2-(aq) -0.16
Phosphorous E° (V)
P (s, white) + 3 H
+
+ 3e
−
⇌ P H3 (g) 0.06
H3PO3+ 2H+ + 2e− ⇌ H3PO2 + H2O(l) -0.50
H3PO4 + 2H+ + 2e− ⇌ H3PO3 + H2O(l) -0.28
Platinum E° (V)
Potassium E° (V)
K+ + e− ⇌ K(s) -2.93
Rubidium E° (V)
Ruthenium E° (V)
Selenium E° (V)
Se(s) + 2 e
−
⇌ Se
2−
–0.67 in 1 M NaOH
Silicon E° (V)
SiF
6
2−
+ 4e
−
⇌ Si(s) + 6 F
−
–1.37
SiO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e− ⇌ Si(s) + 2H2O(l) –0.909
SiO2(s) + 8H+ + 8e− ⇌ SiH4(g) + 2H2O(l) –0.516
Silver E° (V)
Sodium E° (V)
Na
+
+e
−
⇌ N a(s) –2.713
Strontium E° (V)
Sr
2+
+ 2e
−
⇌ Sr(s) –2.89
Sulfur E° (V)
S(s) + 2 e
−
⇌ S
2−
–0.407
S(s) + 2H+ + 2e− ⇌ H2S 0.144
S2O62− + 4H+ + 2e− ⇌ 2H2SO3 0.569
S2O82− + 2e− ⇌ 2SO
4
2− 1.96
S4O62− + 2e− ⇌ 2S O
2 3
2− 0.080
2SO32− + 2H2O(l) + 2e−⇌ S2O42− + 4OH− –1.13
2SO32− + 3H2O(l) + 4e−⇌ S2O32− + 6OH−
2SO42− + 4H+ + 2e−⇌ S2O62− + 2H2O(l) –0.25
SO42− + H2O(l) + 2e−⇌ SO32−+ 2OH− –0.936
SO42− + 4H+ + 2e−⇌ H2SO32−+ H2O(l) 0.172
Thallium E° (V)
Tl
3+
+ 2e
−
⇌ Tl
+
0.77 in 1 M HCl
Tl3+ + 3e− ⇌ Tl(s) 0.742
Tin E° (V)
Ti
2+
+ 2e
−
⇌ T i(s) –0.163
Ti3+ + e− ⇌ Ti2+ –0.37
Tungsten E° (V)
W O2 (s) + 4 H
+
+ 4e
−
⇌ W (s) + 2 H2 O(l) –0.119
+ −
WO3(s) + 6H + 6e ⇌ W(s) + 3H2O(l) –0.090
Uranium E° (V)
Vanadium E° (V)
V
2+
+ 2e
−
⇌ V (s) –1.13
3+ − 2+
V +e ⇌ V –0.255
2+ + − 3+
VO + 2H +e ⇌ V + H2O(l) 0.337
VO22+ + 2H +e + −
⇌ VO 2+
+ H2O(l) 1.000
Zinc E° (V)