Psych 320/L – Mark P.

Otten
Homework 4

For each of the following problems, just select which hypothesis test you would
run to answer the question. Do not actually run it! Just name the appropriate test
for each.

1. A psychology professor is trying to decide whether to use a textbook for next

year’s stats class. To help him make the decision, the professor asks the current
students what they prefer. The data is as follows:

Book No book
Men 8 22
Women 21 45

Do the data suggest that there is a gender difference in textbook preference?

Chi- square (x^2) goodness of fit test

2. For the following data, x represents a rating of a client’s satisfaction after the
first therapy session (on a scale of 1-10). y represents the number of sessions
attended by that client after three months.

Client x : satisfaction y : # sessions

A 7 16
B 5 2
C 6 1
D 3 2
E 4 9
F 10 12
G 3 4
H 10 11
I 6 8

A researcher hypothesizes that greater satisfaction after the first session will
lead one to attend more sessions.

Regression

3. In a study of embarrassment, Harris (2001) asked participants to sing the Star

Spangled Banner in front of a video camera while she recorded their heart
rate for two minutes. The following are data similar to the research results.
 Participant Baseline 1 minute 2 minutes
1 74 88 75
2 76 90 77
3 78 89 76
4 76 85 76

Do the data show significant changes in heart rate over time?

One way dependent samples ANOVA

4. Research shows that similarity in attitudes, beliefs, and interests plays an

important role in interpersonal attraction. Thus in theory, one’s attitude should be
similar to that of his/her relationship partner. Suppose a researcher developed a
questionnaire that measures how liberal or conservative one’s attitudes are. Low
scores indicate that the person has liberal attitudes, whereas high scores indicate
conservatism. The following hypothetical data are scores for married couples.

Couple x : partner 1 y : partner 2

A 11 14
B 6 7
C 16 15
D 4 7
E 1 3
F 10 9
G 5 9
H 3 8

Th researcher hypothesizes that partners’ attitudes are significantly related to

each other.

Correlation

5. For the following data, x1 represents a rating of a client’s satisfaction after the
first therapy session (on a scale of 1-10). x2 represents a rating of a client’s
 self-reported happiness before the first therapy session (on a scale of 1-12). y
represents the number of sessions attended by that client after three months.

Client x1 : satisfaction x2 : happiness y : # sessions

A 7
B 5
C 6
D 3
E 4
F 10
G 3
H 10
I 6
12 16
6 2
6 1
5 2
8 9
6 12
3 4
3 11
7 8

A researcher hypothesizes that greater satisfaction after the first session, and
less happiness before the first session, will each lead one to attend more
sessions.
Multiple Regression test

6. Suppose a survey of Psych 320 students finds the following data for the
students' favorite basketball team:

Lakers Clippers Warriors Kings

55 27 13 1

Do the data indicate a significant preference among the four basketball teams?
Chi -square (x^2) goodness of fit test

7. Shrauger (1972) conducted an experiment that compared the effect of an

audience on the performance of participants with high and low self-esteem.
Hypothetical data from this experiment are as follows. The data represents
the number of errors made by each participant (6 participants in each
condition):

Alone With audience

High 3, 6, 2, 2, 4, 7 9, 4, 5, 8, 4, 6
Self-esteem
Low 7, 7, 2, 6, 8, 6 10, 14, 11, 15, 11, 11

Is there 1) a main effect of self-esteem, 2) a main effect of alone/audience,

and 3) an interaction between the two?
Two way independent samples ANOVA
8. Suppose the low-self-esteem participants from Shrauger’s (1972) audience
study were brought back in 2010 to repeat the same cognitive task. The data
still represents the number of errors made by each participant (3 participants
in each condition). This time, assume the same 3 participants experience
each of the 4 conditions:

Alone With audience

1972 8, 7, 2 12, 14, 11
Year
2010 9, 6, 5 9, 6, 4

Is there 1) a main effect of year, 2) a main effect of alone/audience, and 3) an

interaction between the two?

Two way dependent samples ANOVA

9. A psychologist would like to examine how the rate of presentation affects

people’s ability to memorize a list of words. A list of 20 words is prepared. For
one group of participants the list is presented at the rate of one word every half
second. The next group gets one word every second. The third group gets one
word every two seconds, and the fourth group gets one word every three
seconds. After the list is presented, the psychologist asks each person to recall
the entire list. The dependent variable is the number of errors in recall. The data
from this experiment are as follows:

Half second 1 second 2 seconds 3 seconds

4 0 3 0
6 2 1 2
2 2 2 1

Can the psychologist conclude that the rate of presentation has a significant
effect on memory?
One way independent samples ANOVA
10. Suppose a sample of n = 36 freshmen is selected to participate in a new 4-
hour training program designed to improve study skills. To evaluate the
effectiveness of the new program, the sample was compared with the rest of the
freshman class. The mean score on the final exam for the entire freshman class
was µ = 74, while scores for the students in the new program are shown below.
Based on this data, can we say the training program worked?

Here are the test scores for the 36 students:

79, 56, 45, 100, 74, 74, 83, 82, 97, 75, 89, 87, 51, 99, 42, 85, 95, 88, 100, 58, 73,
98, 59, 65, 74, 85, 100, 87, 98, 56, 99, 45, 100, 80, 100, 79

One sample t test