How to Design Under/Over

Frequency Relay Model in

MATLAB SIMLINK

By: Dr. J. A. Laghari

Frequency Relay
 Def: It is a relay that operates when the system frequency exceed the
predetermined value.
 Frequency Relay (ANSI/IEEE
C37.2 device number 81) that
Over
operates when the system Frequency
Frequency
frequency is less than or Relay
Relay
exceed the predetermined
value.
 81U or 81L Number is known as Under
Under frequency Relay. Frequency Relay
 81O or 81H Number is known as
Over Frequency Relay.
Under Frequency Relay (81U)
 Def: A frequency Relay which is actuated by a fall in electrical frequency is
known as Under frequency Relay.
 Under Frequency Protection is used to protect the transformer, generator when
the frequency drops below the operating frequency.
 Under frequency occurs due to turbine low
speed or grid frequency fluctuation.
 Under frequency relays are also used to
shed automatically certain portion of load
whenever the system frequency falls to
such a low level as to threaten the
stability of the power system.
Under Frequency Relay (81U)
 The Type 81 is available in one and two stage models with means to select
either under frequency or over frequency operation.
 The generator under frequency Relay consists of two stage tripping.
 Under Frequency relay setting:
 Stage1: At 48.5 Hz of the rated frequency, trip
command is sent to grid circuit breaker.
 Stage2: At 47.5 Hz of the rated frequency, trip
command is sent to Generator circuit breaker.
Over Frequency Relay (81O)
 Def: A frequency Relay which is actuated by a Rise in electrical frequency is
known as Over frequency Relay.
 Over frequency protection is used to protect the generator from over speeding
of generator’s rotor.
 The generator over frequency Relay consists
of two stage tripping.
 Over Frequency relay setting:
 Stage1: At 51.5 Hz of rated frequency, trip
command is sent to grid circuit breaker.
 Stage 2: At 52.5 Hz of rated frequency, trip
command is sent to Generator circuit
breaker.
Professor Rodney Tan
Frequency Relay Simulink Model
Developed by Prof. Rodney Tan
Cite As:

• Rodney Tan (2021). Frequency Relay Block

(https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/filee
xchange/64572-frequency-relay-block), MATLAB
Central File Exchange. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
Professor Rodney Tan
Frequency Relay Simulink Model
Developed by Prof. Rodney Tan
 System Parameters
Parameter Rated Value
Single Phase Voltage 220 V-230 V
System Frequency 50 Hz
 Line Voltage,
Phase to Phase 𝑉𝐿 = 3 × 𝑉𝑃𝐻 = 3 × (220 𝑂𝑅 230)=400 V
Voltage

 Peak Voltage,
𝑉𝑃 = 2 × 𝑉𝑅𝑀𝑆=𝑃𝐻 = 2 × (220 𝑂𝑅 230)=311 V OR 325V
Under/Over Frequency % Variations
Parameter Rated Value
±1% Variation 50*(±1/100)= ±0.5Hz
±2% Variation 50*(±2/100)= ±1.0Hz
±3% Variation 50*(±3/100)= ±1.5Hz
±4% Variation 50*(±4/100)= ±2.0Hz
±5% Variation 50*(±5/100)= ±2.5Hz
±6% Variation 50*(±6/100)= ±3.0Hz
 Under Frequency Variations
 Under Frequency relay Step Magnitude of -3 Hz:
 50 Hz – 3 Hz = 47 Hz
 Under Frequency relay Step Magnitude of -2.5 Hz:
 50 Hz – 2.5 Hz = 47.5 Hz
 Under Frequency relay Step Magnitude of -2 Hz:
 50 Hz – 2 Hz = 48 Hz
 Under Frequency relay Step Magnitude of -1 Hz:
 50 Hz – 1 Hz = 49 Hz
 Under Frequency relay Step Magnitude of -0.5 Hz:
 50 Hz – 0.5 Hz = 49.5 Hz
 Over Frequency Variations
 Over Frequency relay Step Magnitude of 3 Hz:
 50 Hz + 3 Hz = 53 Hz
 Over Frequency relay Step Magnitude of 2.5 Hz:
 50 Hz + 2 Hz = 52.5 Hz
 Over Frequency relay Step Magnitude of 2 Hz:
 50 Hz + 2 Hz = 52 Hz
 Over Frequency relay Step Magnitude of 1 Hz:
 50 Hz + 1 Hz = 51 Hz
 Over Frequency relay Step Magnitude of 0.5 Hz:
 50 Hz + 0.5 Hz = 50.5 Hz
 Trip Time for 5% Frequency Variation
 Time at which system frequency variation starts:
 Time = 0.1 seconds
 Time Taken by System Frequency to reach at 47.5 Hz (5% variation):
 Time = 0.16 seconds
 Ride Through Time Delay:
 Time = 0.2 seconds
 Additional Time Delay for Mechanical Movement of the Relay Contact:
 Time = 0.02 seconds = 20 milliseconds
 Total Time for Trip Signal:
 TS = 0.16 + 0.2 + 0.02 = 0.38 Seconds.
 Trip Time for 2% Frequency Variation
 Time at which system frequency variation starts:
 Time = 0.1 seconds
 Time Taken by System Frequency to reach at 49 Hz (2% variation):
 Time = 0.131 seconds
 Ride Through Time Delay:
 Time = 0.1 seconds
 Additional Time Delay for Mechanical Movement of the Relay Contact:
 Time = 0.02 seconds = 20 milliseconds
 Total Time for Trip Signal:
 TS = 0.131 + 0.1 + 0.02 = 0.251 Seconds.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH