Breed and Illustration or Origin Traits Best as a Sire or Dam

Picture
1. Tamworth Ireland  Ginger, golden red to Dam
dark red colored
breed
 long head
 prick ears
 straight face and
snout
 Long and narrow
body
2. Meishan China  A black colored breed Dam
with short legs big
stomach
 Deep back and very
ugly face are the
major visible features

3. Large white England  Large size Sire

picturesque bearing,
erect ears and dished
face.
 good hams
 huge in size and
coarse boned
 quite sound in feet
and legs
4. Tibetan China  Light body weight Dam
(mature with about
35kg)
 Black hair coat, with
long and dense
bristles

5. Dalland Netherland  Balanced breeding Dam

higher number
piglets born per litter
substantial less piglet
mortality
 High fertility
 Stress-negative
animals
6. Poland China Ohio, USA  Black with white on Sire
the face and legs.
  Known for their large
frame, length of
body, leanness and
muscle.
 Partially dropping
ears
 Excellent feeders and
growth rate
7. Pietrain Pietrain, Belgium  Black and white Sire
spotted with erect
ears
 Extreme masculinity
and leanness
 Early maturing
 High proportion of
lean to fat
8. Hereford Missouri  Medium-sized, Dam
drooping ear
 Red with white face,
legs and underline
 Developed from
crossing Berkshires
and Durocs, long neck

9. Chester White Pennsylvania  Large in size Sire

 White with small
drooped ears
 Known to produce
large litters that grow
rapidly

10. Landrace Denmark  Known for length of Sire

body
 High percentage of
carcass weight in the
ham and loin
 Ideal amount of finish
 Heavy milkers

11. Yorkshire England  Strong sturdy and Sire

active
 Have excellent
mothering instincts
12. Berkshire England  Medium sized and Dam
predominantly black
in color, with white in
its face, legs and tip
of tail.
 Short dished face
with erect ears
pointing slightly
forward
13. Hampshire Kentucky  Color black with Sire
white belt around
shoulders.
 Erect ears, top
carcasses, long,
meaty, popular

14. Duroc New York  Medium cherry red, Sire

but shades vary from
golden yellow to dark
red
 Drooping ears

15. Philippine Native Philippines  Black or black with a Dam

white belly
 With small ears and
eyes, with an
elongated snout.
 1) Compare Inbreeding vs line breeding. (5 pts)
Inbreeding is the mating of the closely related within the breed and it has
undesirable results which is the result of the common genes of parents. While line
breeding is the conveying the genes from one generation to another. It produces a more
consistent and uniform offspring.

2) If you are to select breeds of pigs for breeding for bacon purposes for example, what
breed will you choose and why? (10pts)
I will choose the Landrace. It has high percentage of carcass weight in the ham
and loin and it is a good trait because to get good cuts for bacon we need to consider
the balance amount between lean meat and fat. Then the breed Landrace is one of the
breeds that is suitable for breeding for bacon purposes.

3) What are the common methods used in identifying heat for sows and gilts? Discuss
briefly. (5pts)
First is manage active boar exposure to female by providing nose-to-nose
contact. It involves full contact between the boar and female. Second is rubbing the
female’s side and applying slight back pressure. It imitates the boar’s behaviors of
prodding and rooting the female’s side and flank in order to get her to rise. Third is press
fist below the vulva and “thumb check” the vulva for a sticky, viscous 1 HOW 08-01-01
Pork Production HOWTO Pork Information Gateway secretion. The motion mimics the
boar’s nosing of the vulva as he detects the female’s heightened temperature and fluids
during estrus. Fourth, tugs or lifts the female’s flank and rubs the underline. As oxytocin
is released naturally, she will stand rigid or “lock up.” This action is modeled after the
boars shoving, rooting and lifting the female, with special emphasis in the flank area.
Lastly, the female shows indications of estrus and begins to stand stiffly before
confirming her posture.
4) In judging swine discuss the importance of the following traits: 30pts
a. Evaluation of growth (10 pts)
It is essential. Visual appraisal alone is insufficient to assess growth. To have a precise
information the animal’s performance must be documented. In head, neck, jowl and shoulders
the ideal is jowl is firm and trim with no sign of flabbiness, neck is of medium length and blends
smoothly into shoulder, shoulders free of wrinkles and muscular, head is trim, wide, between
the eyes, clean cut, snout is of medium length and straight and broad through the chest. In
ham, you can identify if it is poor or good. By identifying if the outside of the ham bulges. Good
with through center of the ham and muscling extends far down the hock. And lastly, the rump.
The ideal is long rump, with a gradual slope towards the tail setting, root of tail rests above the
bulge of the ham and hams well-muscled, long and thick. This traits is important to have a good
quality of breeds and meats for productions.
b. Evaluation of underline quality (10 pts)
Correct underlines are important for raising large, healthy litters and increasing profits.
Who would like to raise with poor quality of swine right? It is important so that we can select
more good quality for the next generation of breeding.

c. Evaluation of structure and soundness (10 pts)

It is important to evaluate the structure and soundness because it is focused to the feet
and pasterns, hocks, knees, rump and shoulders. It is for the swine to have a correct angle.

6. What did you learn in this module? (200 words/20pts)

Swine is very important in our lives, especially it gives us economic income. We
produce enough meat production for the consumers and select high quality breeds of swine to
be used for the future to be enhanced. In this lesson I encountered the sex-related terms for
swine or swine terminologies. Now, my knowledge about this is not limited. There are a lot of
terminologies to be used in discussing the breeds of swine. I also learned about the different
breeds of swine where we can differentiate each of them from their characteristics and traits.
My favorite is the Landrace because it is a perfect breed for bacon production with high
prolificacy, average litter size of 11 with a good weaning rate. In this lesson I also learn how to
identify or steps in identifying heat for sows and gilts. And we had the selection of breeding gilt
and boar. I also learned that we don’t just breed them but we have a lot of methods to choose
from line breeding, cross breeding and out cross breeding. But, always keep in mind that not all
breeding method has good effects or outcome. We should always check for the genetic
backgrounds of our pigs to attain good quality of pigs.