CONJUNCTION

Arifah Tenny Romdhati., S.Pd., M.Li

 WHAT IS
CONJUNCTION?
Conjunctions is the common words that
are used to join parts of sentences.

A conjunction joins words, phrases,

clauses, and sentences
 EXAMPLES

words The exam that he gave was short but difficult.

phraseS There are students in the classroom and in front of the building.

clauses I will sign the check before you leave.

SentencEs There is very little rainfall in deserts. Therefore, few plants can live there.
 CONJUNCTION

Coordinating Subordinating Correlative

conjunction conjunction conjunction

FANBOYS Although, even Both .. and

(For, And, Nor, But, Or, though, however, then, Not only .. but also
yet, So) because, etc. Either … or
Neither …. nor
 Coordinating
conjunction

Coordinating conjunction is a word that connects words,

phrases, and clauses, which are sentences.

It connects things of equal value.

 EQUAL OR PARALLEL

The exam that he gave was short but difficult.

Tenny likes swimming, dancing and to ride a bicycle. Tenny likes swimming, dancing and riding a bicycle.
 Sentence patterns

F A N B O Y S
FOR AND NOR BUT OR YET SO
 Sentence patterns

WORD WORD
PHRASE PHRASE
CLAUSE (S+P) CLAUSE (S+P)

CCORDINATING
CONJUNCTION
NOTE: if coordinating conjunction connects 2 independent clause, a comma must precede coordinating conjunction/ come before coordinating conjunction.
 AND
“AND” joins two or more words, phrases, clauses of
similar value (alike) or equal importance.

We went swimming and boating. WORDS

We looked in the house and around the yard for the lost necklace. PHRASE

We booked the flight, and we picked up the tickets the same day. CLAUSE
 OR
“OR” joins two or more words, phrases, clauses that
contain the idea of a choice. It offers a choice.

We could go swimming or boating.

We could look in the house or around the yard for the lost necklace.

We could book the flight now, or we could wait until tomorrow.

 BUT
“BUT” shows a contrast between two or more words,
phrases, or clauses.

We went swimming but not boating.

We didn’t look in the house but around the yard for the lost necklace.

We booked the flight, but we haven’t picked up the tickets.

 NOR
“NOR” offers negative choice. (not A and not B)

We didn’t go swimming nor boating.

We didn’t look in the house nor around the yard for the lost necklace.

She didn’t book the flight, nor did she pick up the tickets the same day.
 YET
“YET” shows a contrast. “ Yet” and “but” are
interchangeable.

We didn’t go swimming yet boating.

We didn’t look in the house yet around the yard for the lost necklace.

We didn’t book the flight, yet picked up the tickets the same day.
 FOR
“FOR” is also used to communicate a reason or
contrast.

We cant go out this weekend for my car is broken.

I have to find a job, for I am unemployment.

 So
“SO” is also used to communicate a result or effect.

Arya was sick so he couldn’t play football.

My brother is very smart so everybody likes her.

 LET’S PRACTICE
___1. She held jobs as a typist, a housekeeper, and in a restaurant.
___2. The report you are looking for could be in the file or on the desk.
___3. The speaker introduced himself, told several interesting anecdotes, and finishing
with an emotional plea.
___4. They are not interested in what you say or what you do.
___5. He eats and sleeping only when he takes a vacation.
___6. the exam that he gave was short but difficult.
7. The pickles are sour, …… I like them.
8.They don’t have this pink dress in size ten, … do they have it in the same color.
9. They didn’t go to bed early, … did they wake up on time.
10. Marry’s friends invited her to the cinema, ….. She didn’t want to go.
 Subordinating
conjunction

Subordinating conjunction is a word that joins a

dependent clause to independent clause

Because the speaker was sick, the program was canceled.

 Sentence patterns

s + P + subordinating conjunction + S + P

subordinating conjunction s + P ,+ S + P
 SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION
TIME CAUSE AND CONTRAST CONDITION SEQUENCE ADDITION PLACE
EFFECT

After Therefore However If First In addition Where

Before As a result Yet Even if Second Moreover Wherever
As soon as Accordingly But In case Finally Furthermore
Once Consequently On the other Provided Then
Until As a consequence hand Unless Next
When Thus Meanwhile whether And then
Whenever So that Nevertheless
While Because Otherwise
since Though
While
Whereas
PAY ATTENTION WITH CONJUNCTION
AND PREPOSITION

SUBORDINATING
CONJUNCTION PREPOSITION

Followed by clause Followed by noun,

(Subject + predicate ) pronoun, gerund
 SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION vs prepositiion

PREPOSITION CONJUNCTION EXAMPLES

Because of Because/ since She chose that university because of its fine reputation.
Because the speaker was sick, the program was
canceled.
Due to Because/ since The accident was due to mechanical failure.

On account of Because/ since Visibility is poor today on account of air pollution.

In spite of Although/ even though He enjoys motorcycle riding in spite of the danger.
Although I am tired, I don’t want to sleep.
Despite Although/ even though I love him despite his fault.
Even though she was tired, she stayed up late.
during When/ while Her father lived in England during the war.
Your heart rate increases when you exercise.
Write a sentence using subordinating
conjunction.
 LET’S PRACTICE
___1. Their backgrounds are thoroughly investigated before are admitted to the
organization.
___2. Because the recent change in work shifts was not posted, several workers missed their
shifts.
___3. Once the address label for the package is typed, can be sent to the mail room.
___4. We can start the conference now that all the participants have arrived.
___5. Since the bank closes in less than an hour, the deposits need to be tallied immediately
___6. No one is admitted to the academy unless he or she the education requirements.
___7. While most students turned the assignment in on time, a few students asked for an
extension.
___8. I will take you wherever need to go to complete the registration procedures.
___9. I will wait here in the airport with you whether the plane leaves on time or not.
 correlative
conjunction

Correlative conjunction is a word that connects words,

phrases, and clauses, which are sentences.
This conjunction must be used together (in pairs).
Like coordinating conjunction, correlative conjunction describes
equal elements.
 Both … and

Not only .. But also

CORRELATIVE
CONJUNCTION
either …. or

neither…. nor
BOTH … AND --- not only but also
The two alternatives are possible. (combining or addition)

BOTH
…
AND

Both my brother and my sister can pick me up.

Not only my brother but also my sister will pick me up.

 EITHER … OR
The two alternatives are possible. (A or B)

either
…
or

Either my brother or my sister can pick me up.

 NEITHER … NOR
None of the choices. (not A and not B)

neither
…
nor

Neither my brother nor my sister can pick me up.

 LET’S PRACTICE

___1. According to the syllabus, you can either write a paper, or you can take an exam.
___2. It would be both noticed and appreciated if you could finish the work before you
leave.
___3. She would like neither to see a movie or to go bowling.
___4. Either the manager or her assistant can help you with your refund.
___5. both the tailor or the laundress could fix the damage to the dress.
___6.He not only called the police department but also called fire department.
___7. the movie was neither amusing nor was it interesting.