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Glossary of Hajj and Umrah terms

(Islamweb)
 
Abtah:

A place formed after flood,

which is usually level and
containing no pebbles or
stones. The term is given to
every place that becomes
leveled by a water stream. It is
also Al-Abtah, Al-Bat-haa’ and
Al-Bat-h.

Bat-haa’ refers to a place between Makkah and Mina, which is called as

such due to its level wide valley. It is also called Al-Muhassib and Al-
Mu‘arris

Ihraam:

Ihraam is derived from an Arabic root that means prevention. A man is in

Ihraam when he is in the sacred month, or when he proceeds with Hajj or
‘Umrah. It is called as such because some acts which were lawful to him
before become prohibited, such as hunting and sexual intercourse.

Technically, scholars mentioned several definitions for Ihraam, all are

close; we choose the following: the intention to start performing the
rituals of Hajj or ‘Umrah.

Ihsaar:

Ihsaar is derived from an Arabic root that means inability. The term
applies to everyone who is prevented from something, and hence, cannot
achieve it. According to the Sharee‘ah, Ihsaar refers to every impediment,
whether it is an enemy, a disease or the like, that prevents the pilgrim
from completing his rituals.

Istitaa‘ah:

Istitaa‘ah means the ability to do something. In Sharee‘ah, it refers to the

ability of the person who is competent for religious assignment to do his
duties without need of any one else. Books of Fiqh listed various forms of
Istitaa‘ah; the form that makes Hajj an obligation means possessing
necessary provisions and means of travel as detailed in the relevant books
of Fiqh.

Istilaam:

Istilaam in Arabic means to touch with the hand or the mouth. In the
Sharee‘ah, Istilaam of the Black Stone means kissing it or touching it with
the hand. Jaabir, May Allah Be Pleased with him, related that the Prophet,
sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, touched the [Yamaani] Corner during his
pilgrimage. If the pilgrim who makes Tawaaf around the Ka‘bah cannot
touch or kiss the Black Stone, he should stand facing it, point to it and say
Takbeer. In a Hadeeth, Ibn ‘Abbaas, May Allah Be Pleased with him, said:
"The Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, made Tawaaf around the House
on a camel. Whenever he passed by the Corner, he pointed to it with
something he had, then he said Takbeer." The Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi
wa sallam, said to ‘Umar, May Allah Be Pleased with him, "O ‘Umar! You
are a strong man, so do not push to reach the Stone and hence, hurt those
who are weak. If you find a space, kiss it and touch it; otherwise, face it and
make Tahleel and Takbeer."If a pilgrim can face the Stone with something,
like a stick in his hand, he should do so because the Prophet, sallallaahu
'alayhi wa sallam, did so. Ibn ‘Abbaas, May Allah Be Pleased with him,
said, "The Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, made Tawaaf during the
Farewell Hajj on a camel and pointed to the Corner with a crook."

Ishtiraat:

Ishtiraat is derived from an Arabic root that suggests stipulation and

abiding by it. In the context of Ihraam, it occurs when a Muslim assuming
the state of Ihraam says, "O Allah! I intend to perform Hajj or ‘Umrah, but
my dissolution will be if something prevents me." This thing may be a
disease or an enemy, or anything else that prevents a Muslim in the state
of Ihraam from completing the rituals. It is not permissible for him to end
his state of Ihraam directly if he has not made Ishtiraat. Allah The
Almighty Says (what means): {And complete theHajj and ‘Umrah for
Allah.} [Quran 2:196] Ishtiraat is mentioned in the Sunnah. ‘Aa’ishah, May
Allah Be Pleased with her, said: "The Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa
sallam, entered upon ‘Dhubaa‘ah bint Az-Zubayr and asked her if she
intended to perform Hajj. When she told him that she was sick, the Prophet,
sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, said: "Enter into the state of Ihraam and
make Ishtiraat. Say: I would be free from it wherever You (O Allah) Would
Detain me." In another narration, the Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa
sallam, added:"This exception frees you from liability before Allah The
Almighty."

Ish‘aar:

Ish‘aar linguistically means announcement. It may also apply to stabbing

an animal in the right side to shed its blood, so that it will be recognized as
Hady. Hady is an animal (camels or cows,…) which is slaughtered and
offered in the Sacred Precincts. The majority of scholars stated that Ish‘aar
Al-Hady means stabbing the side of the camel's hump while it faces the
Qiblah, thus making it bleed and marking it with its blood to announce it
as a sacrificial animal. This includes camels and cows.

Ash-hur Al-Hajj (Months of Hajj):

Months of Hajj refer to the three consecutive months that Allah The
Almighty Assigned to be the time for performing Hajj. They are the
months of Shawwaal, Thul-Qa‘dah and the whole month of Thul-Hijjah
according to the Maaliki scholars, or the first ten days of it according to
the majority of scholars. Allah The Almighty Says (what means): {Hajj is
[during] well-known months.} [Quran 2:197] The two opinions are
supported with proofs, which are not to be discussed here, but the benefit
of this divergence appears in offering the sacrificial animal when Tawaaf
Al-Ifaadhah is delayed after the months of Hajj.

Ash-hur Hurum (Sacred Months):

The sacred months are four: Thul-Qa‘dah, Thul-Hijjah, Al-Muharram and

Rajab. Allah The Almighty Says (what means): {Indeed, the number of
months with Allah is twelve [lunar] months in the register of Allah
[from] the day He Created the heavens and the earth; of these, four
are sacred.} [Quran 9:36] The Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, said:
"The division of time has turned to its original form as it was when Allah
Created the Heavens and the Earth. The year is of twelve months, out of
which four months are sacred; three are in succession: Thul-Qa‘dah, Thul-
Hijjah and Al-Muharram, and (the fourth is) Rajab of (the tribe of) Mudhar
which comes between Jumaada and Sha‘baan."

Idhtibaa':

This term is derived from an Arabic root that means the upper arm.
Idhtibaa‘ means wrapping the garment under the right armpit and rolling
the two edges over the left arm, so that the right shoulder is exposed and
the left is covered. It is so-called because one of the upper arms is exposed
– something which was done if someone wanted to prepare to work,
which is what the pilgrim does when wearing his Ihraam garments.

Ifaadhah:

Ifaadhah is derived from an Arabic root that signifies spreading or

overflowing. In Sharee‘ah terminology, Ifaadhah means departure of the
 pilgrims from ‘Arafaat to Mina after completing their rituals in ‘Arafaat.
Each group of departing pilgrims is called an Ifaadhah. Allah The
Almighty Says (what means): {But when you depart from ‘Arafaat,
remember Allah at Al- Mash‘ar Al-Haraam.} [Quran 2:198]

Aafaaqi:

The word literally refers to the horizons of the earth and the heavens.
Muslim jurists use the term to refer to a person existing outside the sites
of Ihraam even if he is a resident of Makkah. The opposite of Aafaaqi is
Hilli or Bustaani, which means the person who is within the limits of
Ihraam sites, but outside the Sacred Precincts. The Harami is the one who
is within the limits of the Sacred Precincts of Makkah. Sometimes the
word Aafaaqi is given to anyone outside the limits of the Sacred Precincts
of Makkah.

Ifraad:

Ifraad means odd or single. It also refers to performance of Hajj or ‘Umrah

separately. As a Sharee‘ah terminology, it means declaring the intention to
perform Hajj alone during its prescribed months.

Ihlaal:

In Arabic, Ihlaal means raising one's voice upon seeing the new moon, and
it is used to describe any person who raises or lowers his voice. In the
context of Hajj, it refers to the pilgrim who enters the state of Ihraam and
raises his voice with Talbiyah. It also applies to the person who raises his
voice with Talbiyah in ‘Umrah. Muhall refers to the time and place in
which pilgrims enter the state of Ihraam.

Technically speaking, Ihlaal is making Talbiyah for Hajj or ‘Umrah upon

entering the state of Ihaam. In this sense, it has the same meaning of
Ihraam because the pilgrim raises his voice with Talbiyah. ‘Aa’ishah, May
Allah Be Pleased with her, said: "We accompanied the Prophet, sallallaahu
'alayhi wa sallam, in the Farewell Hajj; some of us made Ihlaal with
‘Umrah and others made Ihlaal with Hajj." In the same Hadeeth, the
Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, said: "Whoever made Ihlaal with
Hajj should complete it."

Ayyaam At-Tashreeq (The days of Tashreeq):

The word Tashreeq is derived from an Arabic root that means “east” or
the rise of the sun from the east. It refers to three meanings:

-    Moving toward the direction of the east.



-   ‘Eed Prayer because it is performed at the time of sunrise. ‘Ali, May Allah Be
Pleased with him, said: "There is no Friday Prayer or Tashreeq (‘Eed Prayer)
except in a big city." [Ibn Hajar: narrated by Abu ‘Ubayd with a Saheeh
chain of transmission]

-   The three days following the day of An-Nahr (the first day of ‘Eed Al-Adh-
ha). This is the common usage of the term.

These three days were called the days of Tashreeq because the Muslims
used to make Tashreeq of meat which means to slice, dry and spread the
meat of the sacrificial animals under the heat of the sun, as stated by Ibn
Hajar, May Allah Have mercy upon him. Days of Tashreeq are also called
Al-Ayaam Al-Ma‘doodaat (the numbered days), as Allah The Almighty Says
(what means): {And remember Allah during [specific] numbered
days.} [Quran 2:203] They are also called Ayyaam Mina (the days of
Mina), because pilgrims spend these days in Mina.

Ayyaam Mina (Days of Mina):

Mina is a village near Makkah. Allah The Almighty Decreed that sacrificial
animals are to be slaughtered there. The Days of Mina are the same days
of Tashreeq, as explained above. They are called the Days of Mina because
the pilgrim stays in Mina in order to throw the Jimaar.

Badr:

Badr is an Arabic root that means fullness or may also mean taking the
initiative. Badr refers to a well-known water well located between
Makkah and Al-Madeenah. It is said that the well is named after a man
called Badr ibn Yakhlud ibn An-Nadhr ibn Kinaanah, who inhabited this
area. The blessed Battle of Badr in which truth defeated falsehood took
place in the vicinity of this well. All the Companions, May Allah Be Pleased
with them, who attended this battle, are attributed to Badr.

Badanah:

Badanah is a camel or a cow slaughtered in Makkah as an act of worship.

Linguistically, it refers to the state of fatness or fleshiness. In that sense,
Arabic linguists consider camels, cows and sheep, whether male or
female, to be Badanah. In the literature of Fiqh, Badanah is a single camel,
cow or sheep, male or female.

Baqee':

Al-Baqee‘ refers to a place where various stumps are found, such as

Baqee‘ Al-Gharqad (i.e. the place of large boxthorns), which is the
graveyard of the people of Al-Madeenah. It is located inside Al-Madeenah.

Al-Bayt Al-‘Ateeq:

The word ‘Ateeq is an Arabic adjective that may signify either ancient or
noble. Technically speaking, Al-Bayt Al-‘Ateeq is the Ka‘bah. In the Quran,
Allah The Almighty Says (what means): {Then their place of sacrifice is
at the ancient House.} [Quran 22:33] Some say that it is one of the names
of Makkah because it is free of tyrants, or because no tyrant can claim the
ownership of this House (since ‘Ateeq may also be derived from an Arabic
root meaning to free or emancipate).

Tahallul:

Tahallul is derived from an Arabic root suggesting opening or untying (a

knot). Tahallul in Hajj refers to dissolution or ending the state of Ihraam
by virtue of which all restrictions of Hajj return lawful. A pilgrim who
makes Tahallul is not in the state of Ihraam and is no longer performing
Hajj.

Tadhalla':

Tadhalla‘ means to eat or drink to fullness, as stated in a Hadeeth. It is a

state in which man drinks until his stomach and ribs spread out.

Tafath:

Tafath in Arabic is filth and dirt. In Hajj, Tafath means plucking out one's
hair and clipping the nails, as an act of ending one's Ihraam. In the Quran,
Allah The Almighty Says (what means): {Then let them end their
(Tafath) untidiness and fulfill their vows.} [Quran 22:29] meaning let
them fulfill their needs of shaving and cleaning. Thus, Tafath is what the
pilgrim does after he ends his Ihraam, such as clipping the moustache and
nails, plucking armpit hair, shaving pubic hair and other acts that a
person in the state of Ihraam is not permitted to do.

Taqleed Al-Hady:

Taqleed literally means fastening a collar around the neck. To make

Taqleed to a camel is to put something around its neck to mark it as a
Hady. Hady is livestock (camel, cow or sheep) slaughtered as a sacrificial
animal in the Sacred Precincts. Taqleed Al-Hady, therefore, means to
fasten a piece of leather or the like around the neck of an animal to
declare it to be a sacrificial animal.

Talbiyah:

Talbiyah is derived from an Arabic root signifying staying in a particular

place. In the context of Hajj, Talbiyah means that a pilgrim says:
"Labbayka Allahumma Labbayk, Labbayka la Shareeka laka Labbayk,
Inna Al-Hamda wan-Ni‘mata laka wal-Mulk La Shareeka Lak. (O Allah! I
hasten to You. You Have no partner. I hasten to You. All praise and grace
belong to You and the Sovereignty too; You Have no partner)". It is
permissible for the pilgrim to say Talbiyah at any time.

Tamattu':

Tamattu‘ is derived from an Arabic root that means enjoyment or benefit.

It is mentioned in this context because Hajj is an enjoyment and benefit.
According to the Sharee‘ah, Tamattu‘ occurs when a Muslim enters the
state of Ihraam to perform ‘Umrah during the months of Hajj, then ends it,
then enters Ihraam again to perform Hajj in the same year.

Tan'eem:

Tan‘eem is a place in Makkah, which was named as such because it is

located between a mountain called Nu‘aym on the right and another
mountain called Naa‘im on the left. The valley is called Nu‘maan where
the people of Makkah enter into the state of Ihraam for ‘Umrah.

Thajj:

Thajj linguistically means abundant water. In the Sharee‘ah terminology,

Thajj refers to flow of the blood of Hady and sacrificial animals. The
Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, said: "The best acts of Hajj is ‘Ajj
and Thajj." [At-Tirmithi, Ibn Maajah and others] Scholars classified this
Hadeeth as Saheeh. ‘Ajj means raising one's voice in Talbiyah.

Jabal Uhud (Mountain of Uhud):

The Mountain of Uhud is located four kilometers to the north of Al-

Madeenah. It is six kilometers long from the east to the west and 1200
meters high. It was the site of the Battle of Uhud that took place in the
third year after Hijrah. It was narrated on the authority of Anas, May
Allah Be Pleased with him, that the Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam,
said: "This is a mountain that loves us and that we love."


Jabal Ar-Rahmah (Mountain of Mercy):

It is a mount in the valley of ‘Arafaat where the Prophet, sallallaahu

'alayhi wa sallam, gave Khutbah in the Farewell Hajj. It is also called Ilaal
or the mount of supplication. Jaabir, May Allah Be Pleased with him, in his
description of the manner of the Prophet's Hajj, said: "…he made his she-
camel Al-Qaswaa’ turn towards the side where there were rocks, having the
path taken by those who went on foot in front of him, and faced the
Qiblah..." It is not permissible to climb it, according to the consensus of
scholars.

Jabal Thawr (Mount of Thawr):

A mount in Makkah that the Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, hid in

one of its caves during his migration to Al-Madeenah. It is the one
mentioned in the Quran where Allah The Almighty Says (what means):
{When they were in the cave.} [Quran 9:40]

Juhfah:

A large village located along the road to Al-Madeenah from Makkah. It

was called as such because floods stroke it and its people in some years.
When the Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, arrived at Al-Madeenah,
he found it unhealthy and his Companions suffered fever. He then said: "O
Allah, make us love Al-Madeenah as much as You Made us love Makkah or
more. O Allah, make it healthy and bless its Saa‘ and Mudd (i.e. measures),
and take away its fever to Al-Juhfah." [Al-Bukhari and Muslim] Al-Juhafah
used to be the site of Ihraam for the people of Egypt, Ash-Shaam and
Morocco, but when it was destroyed and became inappropriate for
pilgrims, people replaced it with a place called Raabigh, which is a little
closer to Makkah, about 186 km from it.

Ji'raanah:

A water place located between At-Taa’if and Makkah to which it is closer.

The Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, arrived there when he
distributed the war booties of Hawaazin after his return from the Battle of
Hunayn. The Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, entered the state of
Ihraam from Al-Ji‘raanah and built a Masjid in it. It also contains some
wells close to one another.

Jamaraat:

It is the place of throwing Jimaar (pebbles), which is an obligatory act of

Hajj. There are three Jamaraat: the first and the middle, which are near
the Masjid of Al-Khayf in the direction of Makkah, and the great one,
which is called Jamrat Al-‘Aqabah at the end of Mina in the direction of
Makkah.

Jo’aar:

Jo’aar is derived from an Arabic root that means raising one's voice in
imploration or supplication. Supplicating to Allah The Almighty in a loud
voice is called Jo’aar. Allah The Almighty Says (what means): {They are
crying [to Allah] for help.} [Quran 23:64] Jo’aar in Hajj is exclusive to
Talbiyah. In a Hadeeth, the Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, said: "It
is as if I am watching Moosa (Moses) making Jo’aar,   entreating his Lord
with Talbiyah." The Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, also said:
"Jibreel (Gabriel) came to me and said, 'O Muhammad! Order your
Companions to raise their voices in Talbiyah; it is one of the symbols of
Hajj."

Jidaal:

Jidaal is derived from an Arabic root that means entwining, then it later
became used in the sense of violent dispute. The Prophet, sallallaahu
'alayhi wa sallam, said: "People never go astray after being upon guidance
except through dispute." Here the Hadeeth refers to dispute to support
falsehood or error, not to manifest the truth. Allah The Almighty Says
(what means): {No (Jidaal) disputing duringHajj.} [Quran 2:197]
meaning a person should not engage in dispute with his brother in a
manner that urges him to behave unproperly.

Hajj:

Hajj linguistically signifies frequent visits. According to the Sharee‘ah, Hajj

means visiting the Sacred House of Allah to perform certain rituals or acts
of worship during the months of Hajj. A pilgrim is called Al-Haajj because
he frequently visits the House to perform Tawaaf Al-Qudoom and the
other rituals of Hajj.

Al-Hajj Al-Akbar (The Greater or major Hajj):

The greater Hajj refers to the Day of An-Nahr. Allah The Almighty Says
(what means): {And [it is] an announcement from Allah and His
Messenger to the people on the day of the greater pilgrimage.} [Quran
9:3] It was called the greater Hajj because people called ‘Umrah the minor
Hajj, as authentically narrated on the authority of Abu Hurayrah in
Saheeh Al-Bukhari. It was narrated that, "‘Umrah is the minor Hajj," but
scholars said that this Hadeeth is not authentic. The Day of An-Nahr was
called the greater Hajj because pilgrims perform many rituals in it.

Hijr:

Hijr is derived from an Arabic root signifying impediment or prevention.

Hijr describes many sites, but it often refers to the semi-circular wall
facing one of the sides of the Ka‘bah. This is part of the foundation laid by
Ibraaheem (Abraham), May Allah Exalt his mention, which Quraysh
excluded when they rebuilt the Ka‘bah. They encircled this place so that
people would know that it is part of the Ka‘bah. As a result, it was called
Hijr. This place became widely known as Hijr Ismaa‘eel (Ishmael), May
Allah Exalt his mention, but there is no basis for this name since Ismaa‘eel
helped his father Ibraaheem in the process of building the Ka‘bah and it
was complete then.

Al-Hajar Al-Aswad (The Block Stone):

The Black Stone is located in the wall of the Ka‘bah on the north corner.
The Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, said: "The Black Stone is from
Paradise." [Ahmad, At-Tirmithi: Hasan Saheeh]

Hudaybiyah or Hudaybiyyah:

It is a valley near Makkah which was named after a well in it. It is at

approximately 50 km from Makkah. Part of Al-Hudaybiyyah is located
within the Sacred Precincts, and another part outside it. The Prophet,
sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, received allegiance of his Companions in Al-
Hudayibiyyah and it was called the Allegiance of Ar-Ridhwaan under the
tree; he signed Al-Hudaybiyyah Peace Treaty with the polytheists in it and
made his first ‘Umrah from there but he was prevented from entering the
House.

Hateem:

People differed about specifying the location of Al-Hateem; some said that
it is located between the Station of Ibraaheem along the gate; others said
that it is between the Corner and the Station, and Zamzam and Al-Hijr; a
third group said that it is between the Black Stone toward the gate and
ends at the Station. It is a place where people intensively supplicate Allah
The Almighty. People in the pre-Islamic era used to solemnly take vows at
that place, so that any one who supplicated against an oppressor and
swore falsely would receive his punishment immediately. The
preponderant opinion is that it refers to Al-Hijr itself because it was
destroyed and excluded from the frame of the Ka‘bah (since Hateem may
also be derived from an Arabic root that means to destroy).


Khabab:

Khabab is derived from an Arabic root that means deception or a pace of

running. In a Hadeeth, "When the Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam,
used to make Tawaaf, he would hasten in three rounds."

According to the Sharee‘ah, Khabab refers to fast walking in Tawaaf

without running. It is also called Ar-Ramal.

Khayf:

It is a slope of a mountain which is higher than the level of the water

stream. There is a Masjid in Mina called Masjid Al-Khayf.

Thaat-‘Irq:

‘Irq literally refers to a garden, and the Arabs used to give this name to the
fertile land where plants grow.

Thaat ‘Irq is the site where the people of Iraq and Khurasaan enter the
state of Ihraam. It has a small mountain, and is 100 km from Makkah.
Thaat ‘Irq is uninhabited nowadays because there are no roads leading to
it. Next to it there is a large valley called Al-‘Aqeeq, which is 20 km from
Thaat ‘Irq and 120 km from ‘Arafah. People enter the state of Ihraam in
that valley.

Thul-Hulayfah:

Hulayfah is derived from an Arabic root referring to a type of plant or

tree, and it was named as such due to the abundance of that type of tree
there.

Thul-Hulayfah is the site where people of Al-Madeenah enter the state of

Ihraam. It is the farthest of Ihraam sites from Makkah – about 400 km
away. Now it is known as Abyaar ‘Ali – a name taken after a fabricated
story in which ‘Ali, May Allah Be Pleased with him, fought the Jinn over
there. Ibn Taymiyyah, May Allah Have mercy upon him, stated that the
story is unfounded and was never narrated from ‘Ali, May Allah Be
Pleased with him.

Raabigh:

Raabigh in Arabic has three meanings: pure dust, a great deal of anything,
or leaving camels to drink water whenever they want.


Raabigh is an interior valley near Al-Juhfah, which became the site where
people of Ash-Shaam, Egypt and Morocco enter the state of Ihraam,
instead of Al-Juhfah.

Ramal:

Ramal linguistically means hastening or walking fast with shaking of the

shoulders. Technically, Ramal means fast walking during Tawaaf without
running.

Rafath:

Rafath is idle talk, but the term was later used to mean sexual intercourse
and anything relevant to it. Rafath may refer to an implicit reference to
intercourse. Some scholars said that Rafath is a comprehensive word
meaning everything a man needs from a woman. Allah The Almighty Says
(what means): {There is [to be for him] no sexual relations and no
disobedience and no disputing duringHajj.} [Quran 2:197]

It is possible that the verse refers to forbidding saying foul words, such as
mentioning words suggestive of intercourse, or it may mean that there
should be no intercourse or words urging it.

Rafath in the state of Ihraam includes intercourse and its foreplay such as
kissing, touching, flirtation, suggestive words – all are prohibited in the
state of Ihraam.

Rafdh:

Rafdh literally means to leave something or abandon it. In the context of

Ihraam, it means stopping to continue the rituals of Hajj and intending to
end it before its completion. Scholars unanimously considered it idle talk
whereby Ihraam is not cancelled and remains subject to its rulings.

Rukn (Ar-Rukn Al-Yamaani):

Rukn in Arabic refers to the strongest side of something or to strong

support and power.

Ar-Rukn Al-Yamaani is one of the corners of the Ka‘bah, which was called
as such after the name of a man from Yemen called ’Ubay ibn Saalim, who
built it.

Ramy (Ramy Al-Jimaar):



Ramy is to throw or cast. Jamrah is a pebble or a small stone which is

thrown, whereas Jimaar refers to the place of the pebbles where people
gather in great numbers. Thus, Jimaar has two meanings:

1-   The pebbles or small stones that are thrown.

2-   The place into which the pebbles are thrown because they end up there.

Ramy Al-Jimaar (throwing the pebbles) is a ritual that a pilgrim does on

the day of An-Nahr and the three days of At-Tashreeq in which he throws
seven pebbles in a specific manner mentioned in the books of Fiqh.

Sa'y:

Sa‘y literally means to do any action or to walk a lot. Examples for these
meanings are mentioned in the Quran.

Sa‘y from the Sharee‘ah perspective means to walk the distance between
As-Safa and Al-Marwah seven times to and fro after Tawaaf as part of the
rituals of Hajj or ‘Umrah. Sometimes Sa‘y is called Tawaaf or Titwaaf as
mentioned in the Quran in verse [2:158].

Shatharwaan:

An area protruding from the foundation of the Ka‘bah, which appears

down the walls of the Ka‘bah but not at the Black Stone. It is two-thirds of
a cubit high and is also called Ta’zeer because it is like an Izaar (wrap)
around the Ka‘bah. Scholars differed about whether it is part of the
Ka‘bah or a support for it.

Safa:

Safa is an Arabic root that signifies a smooth stone or purity. In Hajj, Safa
refers to one of the mountains of Sa‘y, which is a hill raised in the
mountain of Abu Qubays. A person who stands on it would be parallel to
the Black Stone.

Sawaaff:

Sawaaff is a description of the manner in which camels stand for

slaughtering. Allah The Almighty Says (what means): {And the camels
and cattle We Have Appointed for you as among the symbols of Allah;
for you therein is good. So mention the name of Allah upon them
when lined up [for sacrifice].} [Quran 22:36] A camel is slaughtered
standing on three legs, whereas its fourth, its left foreleg, is tied.

Tawaaf:

Linguistically, Tawaaf means circumambulation, and the person who

turns around the house to guard it is called Taa’if. It may also be used
rhetorically in reference to a touch or impulse of the Jinn or the like. Allah
The Almighty Says (what means): {Indeed, those who fear Allah – when
an impulse touches them from Satan, they remember [Him] and at
once they have insight.} [Quran 7:201] The place of Tawaaf is called
Mataaf, and Tawaaf may sometimes be used in the sense of Sa‘y. Allah The
Almighty Says (what means): {Indeed, As-Safa and Al-Marwah are
among the symbols of Allah. So whoever makesHajj to the House or
performs ‘Umrah - there is no blame upon him for walking between
them.} [Quran 3:158]

As a Sharee‘ah term, Tawaaf means circumambulating the Ka‘bah seven

consecutive times without a considerable interval between them.

Tawaaf Al-Ifaadhah:

  Ifaadhah in Arabic means returning or going forth in great number.

When it is used with the pilgrims, it has two meanings:

-   To proceed hurriedly from ‘Arafah to Al-Muzdalifah.

-   To return from Mina to Makkah on the Day of An-Nahr.

Technically speaking, Tawaaf Al-Ifaadhah is the Tawaaf that is carried out

after return from ‘Arafah on the day of An-Nahr. It is one of the obligatory
acts of Hajj, and is called Rukn Al-Hajj.

Tawaaf Az-Ziyaarah (Tawaaf of visiting):

Tawaaf Az-Ziyaarah is sometimes called Tawaaf Al-Ifaadhah,Tawaaf Al-

Waajib or Tawaaf As-Sadr. It is called Tawaaf Az-Ziyaarah because it is
done upon visiting the Ka‘bah; Tawaaf Al-Ifaadhah because it is done after
the visit is over; Tawaaf Al-Waajib because it is an obligatory act of Hajj;
Tawaaf As-Sadr because it is done after returning from ‘Arafaat.

Tawaaf Al-Qudoom:

It is the Tawaaf that a pilgrim carries out upon his arrival to perform the
obligation of Hajj. Scholars unanimously agreed that it is Sunnah.

Tawaaf Al-Wadaa':

It is the Tawaaf that a pilgrim makes after he finishes the rituals of Hajj
and prepares to return to his country. Tawaaf Al-Wadaa‘ is obligatory.

'Ajj:

‘Ajj linguistically means raising one's voice. According to the Sharee‘ah,

‘Ajj means raising one's voice in Talbiyah. The Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi
wa sallam, said: "The best acts of Hajj are the ‘Ajj and Thajj." [At-Tirmithi,
Ibn Maajah and others] Scholars classified this Hadeeth as Saheeh. Thajj
was previously explained.

'Arafaat or 'Arafah:

Most scholars consider the two terms equal. ‘Arafah is located along the
road between Makkah and At-Taa’if, 22 km to the east of Makkah, 10 km
from Mina and 6 km from Al-Muzdalifah. It is a level stretched plain
surrounded by a mountainous curve whose cavity is called the valley of
‘Arafah.

Standing in ‘Arafah is the most supreme ritual of Hajj and the only one
that is performed outside the Sacred Precincts. The whole area of ‘Arafah
is a valid place to stand in, as stated in the Hadeeth. Standing in ‘Arafah
starts after Thuhr Prayer on the 9th day of Thul-Hijjah.

'Adhadh:

Adhadh is an Arabic verb that means to cut. In his Khutbah which was
given on the day of the Conquest of Makkah, the Prophet, sallallaahu
'alayhi wa sallam, forbade Muslims to cut the trees of Makkah.

'Atab:

‘Atab is derived from an Arabic root that means destruction, breaking or

balking of an animal. ‘Atab Al-Hady means death of the animal or a defect
that befalls it and prevents it from walking, so it is slaughtered. Naajiyah
Al-Khuzaa‘i, a caretaker of the camels of the Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi
wa sallam, said:"O Messenger of Allah! What should I do with the camels
that are fatigued?" The Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, instructed
him to slaughter it, dip its shoes in its blood, and leave it for the people (to
eat)."

Fidyah:

Fidyah refers to money or anything else given as compensation for some

matter. Technically, Fidyat Al-Athaa (Fidyah of harm) means what a
pilgrim offers to Allah The Almighty as compensation for committing
some restrictions of Ihraam, such as wearing Makheet (tight-fitting
clothes), perfume or the like.

Fawaat:

Fawaat literally means to miss something or to be second to someone else

in doing something. In the context of Hajj, Fawaat means missing the act
of staying in ‘Arafah. A pilgrim who does not stay in ‘Arafah, his Hajj
becomes invalid. The majority of scholars said that he must end his
Ihraam and perform ‘Umrah. He must make up for that Hajj the following
year if his Hajj is obligatory. It is not obligatory on him to make up for that
Hajj or offer sacrificial animals if he had made Ishtiraat.

Qubaa':

Qubaa’ is a well after which the village of Qubaa’ was named. It is the
dwellings of Banu ‘Amr ibn ‘Awf –a tribe from Al-Ansaar. The village of
Qubaa’ is about 3 km from Al-Madeenah, on the left of the person heading
towards Makkah. Located in Qubaa’ is the Masijd about which Allah The
Almighty Says (what means): {A mosque founded on righteousness
from the first day is more worthy for you to stand in.} [Quran 9:108] It
is the Masjid in which the Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, and his
noble Companions, May Allah Be Pleased with them, performed prayer
toward the direction of Jerusalem before they were commanded to face
the Sacred House. Also located in Qubaa’ is Masjid Ad-Dhiraar which is
mentioned in the Quran. Allah The Almighty Says (what means): {And
[there are] those [hypocrites] who took for themselves a mosque for
causing harm.} [Quran 9:107]

Qiraan:

Qiraan is derived from an Arabic root that means pulling towards or

joining. In the context of Hajj, it means to combine between Hajj and
‘Umrah in one Ihraam. In a Hadeeth, The Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa
sallam,“…combined Hajj and ‘Umrah…" It means that he declared to
perform both Hajj and ‘Umrah together with the same intention, the same
Talbiyah, the same Tawaaf and the same Sa‘y. In this case, a pilgrim says,
"Labbayk bi-Hijjah wa ‘Umrah (O Allah! I declare my intention to perform
Hajj and ‘Umrah)."

Qarn Al-Manaazil:


In Arabic, the word Qarn has many denotations, such as top of a mountain
or hill, first part of a desert, a single or small mountain and the small
beginning of anything.

Qarn Al-Manaazil is the site where people of Yemen and At-Taa'if enter the
state of Ihraam. Ibn ‘Umar, May Allah Be Pleased with him, said: "The
Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, assigned Qarn [Al-Manaazil] to be
the site of Ihraam for the people of Najd." Qarn Al-Manaazil is 75 km from
Makkah. Some people say that it is the same place called Qarn Ath-
Tha‘aalib, but the correct view is that they are different places and the
latter is a mountain that overlooks the end of Mina. Qarn Al-Manaazil is
known nowadays as As-Sayl Al-Kabeer.

Makheet:

Makheet refers to a tool for sewing or a needle. Allah The Almighty

Mentioned it in the Quran Saying (what means): {Nor will they enter
Paradise until a camel enters into the eye of a needle.} [Quran 7:40]

Makheet technically refers to clothes sewn to fit the body, such as the
Qamees (shirt) or Sirwaal (trousers). It is not permissible for the person in
the state of Ihraam to wear Makheet.

Marwah:

Marwah refers to a glittering white stone used for igniting a fire. Marwah
is a mountain in Makkah named after this stone.

Muzdalifah:

Muzdalifah is derived from an Arabic root that means meeting or coming

close, either because it helps people get close to Allah The Almighty, or
because pilgrims gather there after their return from ‘Arafah, or because
it brings them closer to Mina after their return from ‘Arafah.

Muzdalifah is a place located between the interior part of Muhassir and

Al-Ma’zimayn, and is halfway between Mina and ‘Arafaat, about 5.5 km
from Mina. It is the place where pilgrims spend their night and combine
prayers after they return from ‘Arafaat. Muzdalifah is also called Jam‘ and
Al-Mash‘ar Al-Haraam.

Masjid Al-Qiblatayn:

It is located at the border of the valley of Al-‘Aqeeq in the north west of Al-
Madeenah. The Masjid was named as such because it has two Qiblahs: the
first one is to the north toward Jerusalem to which Muslims performed
prayers at the beginning of Islam, and the second one to the south toward
Makkah, which became the established Qiblah. Allah The Almighty Says
(what means): {So turn your face toward Al-Masjid Al-Haraam.}
[Quran 2:144]

Masjid Namirah:

Namirah is a place located in ‘Arafah in which the Prophet, sallallaahu

'alayhi wa sallam, dismounted and gave his Farewell Khutbah. In a
Hadeeth, it is narrated that the Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, “…
ordered that a leather tent be set up for him in Namirah..." It is the
mountain that marks the boundaries of the Sacred Precincts in ‘Arafaat.

Mash'ar Al-Haraam:

Al-Mash‘ar Al-Haraam is the entire area of Muzdalifah where pilgrims

perform prayer after they return from ‘Arafaat. They perform both
Maghrib and ‘Ishaa’ Prayers combined and delayed in Muzdalifah where
they also perform Fajr Prayer of the first day of ‘Eed Al-Adh-ha before they
proceed to throw the pebbles. It is obligatory on the pilgrims to spend the
night there. The name Al-Mash‘ar Al-Haraam is also given to the mountain
of Quzah in Muzdalifah on which the Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa
sallam, stood on the Day of An-Nahr. He supplicated, glorified and praised
Allah The Almighty there until sunrise, then headed to Mina.

Ma'dhoob:

Ma‘dhoob is derived from an Arabic root that means cut off or weak.
Technically, Ma‘dhoob is the person who suffers a chronic condition that
prevents him from performing the rituals of Hajj, such as paralysis, old
age or the like, so another person performs Hajj on his behalf.

Maqaam (Maqaam Ibraaheem):

Maqaam is located in the Sacred Mosque, and refers to the stone on which
Prophet Ibraaheem (Abraham), May Allah Exalt his mention, stood to raise
the foundations of the House. It is mentioned in the Quran, as Allah The
Almighty Says (what means): {And take, [O believers], from the
standing place of Ibraaheem a place of prayer.} [Quran 2:125] Some
traditions mention that the stone was a corundum (ruby or sapphire) from
Paradise. It is closer to the Ka‘bah than the well of Zamzam.

Multazam:


Al-Multazam is a part of the Ka‘bah that pilgrims adhere to for the

purpose of supplicating and seeking refuge, and is located between the
Black Stone and the gate. It is also called Al-Mad‘a and Al-Muta‘wwath. Ibn
‘Abbaas, May Allah Be Pleased with him, said: "The place between the
Corner and the gate is called Al-Multazam; no Muslim stands in it and asks
Allah for something, but He Will grant it to him." It was narrated that the
Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, used to put his chest, face, arms
and palms between the Corner and the gate.

Miqaat:

Miqaat refers to either the time or place appointed for an action. Miqaat of
a particular people means the site where they enter the state of Ihraam, or
the time for doing it.

Technically speaking, Miqaat is the time or site in which particular actions

should be done. It is more general than the date. Some said that it is the
place and time of an act of worship. Miqaat of Hajj in Sharee‘ah is the time
and place of entering Ihraam for Hajj.

Meelaan Akhdharaan (The two green Meelaan):

It refers to the two signs in the wall of the Sacred Mosque, in the place
appointed for Sa‘y between As-Safa and Al-Marwa that mark the location
of the interior part of the valley, and hence, the location of hastening. A
pilgrim hastens from the beginning of the interior part of the valley
starting at the first sign until the end of the valley at the second one, then
he walks the rest.

Himyaan:

Himyaan is the waistband of trousers. It is a belt or a strap a pilgrim

fastens around his waist and a pocket to keep money in. In Saheeh Al-
Bukhari, ‘Ataa’, May Allah Have mercy upon him, said that a pilgrim is
allowed to wear rings and waistbands. Ibn ‘Umar, May Allah Be Pleased
with him, made Tawaaf in the state of Ihraam, while he was fastening a
piece of cloth around his waist.” Most scholars held that a person in the
state of Ihraam is permitted to wear a Himyaan.

Yalamlam:

Yalamlam is derived from an Arabic root that means to combine or to

maintain one's affairs. Yalamlam is one of the Tehama Mountains, 92 km
to the south of Makkah. Yalamlam is currently known as As-Sa‘diyyah, and
it is the Miqaat of the people of Yemen, India, Jawa and Sumatra Islands.
The Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, said in the Hadeeth of
Mawaaqeet: "…and for the people of Yemen, Yalamlam..." TheMasjid of
Mu‘aath ibn Jabal, May Allah Be Pleased with him, is located there.

Day of At-Tarwiyyah:

It is the 8th day of the month of Thul-Hijjah, and was named as such
because people used to drink much water in preparation for setting out to
Mina and ‘Arafah. On that day, the pilgrims proceed to Mina to spend the
night there.

Day of Ar-Ru’oos:

It is the second day of the days of Tashreeq. It was narrated on the

authority of Sarraa’ bint Nabhaan Al-Ghanawiyyah that the Prophet,
sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, said in the Farewell Hajj: "Do you know
which day it is today? It is the day that people call the day of Ar-Ru’oos?"
People replied that Allah The Almighty and His Messenger know best. The
Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, said: "This is the middle day of the
days of At-Tashreeq." [Dha‘eef] It was called the day of Ar-Ru’oos because
people eat heads of the sacrificial animals in it.

Day of As-Sadr:

It is the 13th day of Thul-Hijjah, which is also called the day of the second
return. As-Sadr is an Arabic word that means to return from a travel, and
it was named as such because pilgrims return from Makkah to their own
countries on that day.

Day of ‘Arafah:

It is the 9th day of Thul-Hijjah, and was named as such because the
pilgrims stay in ‘Arafah on that day. Staying in ‘Arafah is the major
obligatory deed of Hajj. The Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, said:
"The Hajj is ‘Arafah."[Ahmad: Saheeh]

Day of Al-Qarr:

Qarr is derived from an Arabic root that means the place of dwelling. The
Day of Al-Qarr is the day that follows the Day of An-Nahr. It is the 11th day
of Thul-Hijjah and was called as such because pilgrims stay and reside in
Mina to complete the ritual of throwing pebbles.

Day of An-Nahr:

It is the first day of ‘Eed Al-Adh-ha, the 10th day of Thul-Hijjah. It was
called as such because livestock animals are slaughtered on this day as an
act of worship to Allah The Almighty.

Day of An-Nafr:

Nafr is derived from an Arabic root that means a group of people. The day
that follows the day of Al-Qarr (the 11th of Thul-Hijjah) is called day of An-
Nafr in which pilgrims proceed from Mina. It is also called the first day of
An-Nafr (the 12th of Thul-Hijjah), whereas the second day of An-Nafr is the
13th of Thul-Hijjah, the last day of the days of Tashreeq.

Zamzam:

Zamzam is derived from an Arabic root that means to pull or fasten.

Zamzam water means abundant water. Technically, Zamzam is a well-
known water well in Makkah. The name is taken either due to its
abundant water or this is the proper name of the well. The Prophet,
sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, said: "The water of Zamzam serves the
purpose for which it was drunk."
2011-10-01
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