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f t GRAMMAR 55
A. Simple Past Tense (W a s /w e re )
1. Be fiili Geniş Zaman’da özneye göre çekilerek am, is veya are şeklinde kullanılır.
Geçmiş Zaman’da ise yine özneye göre çekilerek was veya were şeklinde kullanılır.
• I am in the class now. I was in the class two hours ago.
• You are tired today. You were tired yesterday.
• He is happy today. He was happy yesterday.
• She is on holiday this week. She was on holiday last week.
• It is hungry now. It was hungry one hour ago.
• We are on the plane now. We were on the plane two hours ago.
• You are my friend. You were my friend two months ago.
• They are angry now. They were angry yesterday.
GRAMMAR

2. Olumsuz cümlelerde be fiilinden (was, were) sonra not gelir. Sorularda ise be fiili
(was, were) öznenin önüne gelir.
• He was on the train. • They were worried about you.
• Was he on the train? • Were they worried about me?
• No, he wasn’t on the train. • No, they weren’t worried about me.

B. Simple Past Tense (other verbs)

1. Simple Past Tense (Geçmiş Zaman), geçmişte olmuş bitmiş eylemlerden söz etmek
için kullanılır. Olumlu cümlelerde, fiilin sonuna -ed takısı eklenir; bu takı tüm özneler
için aynıdır.
• I washed the dishes. • We painted the walls.
• You cleaned the room. • The students watched the video.
• She moved the furniture. • The teacher checked the homework

2. Olumsuz cümlelerde tüm öznelerle did
kullanılır.
• I didn’t wash the dishes.
You didn’t clean the room.
• She didn’t move the furniture)
We didn’t paint the walls.
ardımcı fiili kullanılır ve fiil mastar halinde
• The students didn’t watch the video
• The teacher didn’t check the
homework.

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 3. Soru cümlelerinde tüm öznelerle did yardımcı fiili kullanılır ve fiil mastar halinde kullanılır.
• Did I wash the dishes?
• Did you clean the room?
• Did she move the furniture?
• Did we paint the walls?
• Did the students watch the video?
• Did the teacher check the homework?

4. Soru kelimesi kullanılarak oluşturulan sorularda önce soru kelimesi, sonra did yardımcı fiili, sonra
özne ve sonra mastar halde fiil kullanılır.
• Why did I wash the dishes?
• How did you clean the room?
• When did she move the furniture?
• What did we paint?
• Where did the students watch the video?
• What did the teacher check?

C. Can / Could
1. Can şimdiki / bugünkü / bugünlerdeki yeteneklerden veya olasılıklardan söz etmek için kullanılır.
• I can do this exercise easily.
• We can’t understand you.
• They can come and see us today.
• She can play the guitar very well.

2. Could ise geçmişteki yeteneklerden veya olasılıklardan söz etmek için kullanılır. Can’den sonra
olduğu gibi could’dan sonra da fiil herhangi bir ek almaz ve tüm öznelerle aynı şekilde kullanılır.
• We could meet more often last year. (Geçen yıl daha sık buluşabiliyorduk.)
• I could read more books. (Daha fazla kitap okuyabiliyordum.)
• She could play basketball when she was seven. (Yedi yaşındaykenj sketbol oynayabiliyordu.)

3. Olumsuz cümlelerde could not (couldn’t) ve fiilin mastar hali kullanılır.

• We couldn’t meet every day.
• I couldn’t read anything.
• She couldn’t play any sports.

4. Soru cümlelerinde could öznenin önüne gelir ve yine fiilin mastar hali
kullanılır.
• What could we do when we were together?
• Why couldn’t you read anything?
• What could she do when she was young?

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