11

INTRODUCTION to
WORLD RELIGIONS and
BELIEF SYSTEM
Guided Learning Activity Kit
Confucianism and Taoism
Quarter 3 - Week 7

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Introduction to World Religions and Belief System – Grade 12
Guided Learning Activity Kit
Confucianism and Taoism
Quarter 2- Week 7

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 The Core Teachings, Fundamental Beliefs and
Practices Confucianism and Taoism

Introduction

“Those who know do not say; those who say do not know.” –Lao-tzu

“The superior men are sparing in their words and profuse in their deeds.” –
Confucius

During the 6th century B.C.E. which was an amazing time of philosophical
growth for ancient China, two most influential spiritual leaders, Confucius and
Lao-tzu, are thought to have lived and taught. The philosophies of these two native
to China that they practiced, Taoism and Confucianism, existed simultaneously in
dynastic China, attracting countless numbers of followers over the past 2,500
years. Their philosophies and practices fascinated both the Eastern and Western
worlds and remained strong in years.

Learning Competency

Analyze the brief history, core teachings, fundamental beliefs, practices, and
related issues of Confucianism.
Analyze the brief history, core teachings, fundamental beliefs, practices, and
related issues of Taoism.

Objectives

After going through this module, learners are expected to:

1. discuss the core teachings and beliefs of Confucianism and Taoism;

2. demonstrate the fundamental beliefs of Confucianism and Taoism; and
3. appreciate the related issues of Confucianism and Taoism.

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 Review

Before we proceed to the next lesson, let us make a short review of the
previous lesson.

Complete the table below. Write five characteristics of Mahayana Buddhism

and five characteristics of Theravada Buddhism. Make your answer simple.

Mahayana Buddhism Theravada Buddhism

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Discussion

What is Confucianism?

There has always been a debate whether Confucianism should be regarded

as a religion or a philosophy. Those who argue that it is a philosophy asserts that
Confucianism emphasizes the ethical dimension of the world, it gives primary
attention to human relationship, thus advocating social values and ideals which
should serve as the foundation of Chinese society. Advocates of Confucianism as a
philosophy further argue that Kung Fuzi who founded Confucianism seldom
touched on religious matters, thus branding him as a humanist advancing
practical and ethical wisdom.

On the other hand, Confucianism is considered a religion because its ideals

were inspirational, not in the supernatural sense but in the sense of aiming for
excellence in one’s relationships with others. For Confucius, focus on relationships
should be emphasized for it is often taken for granted that these relationships
which we encounter everyday should be the easiest to perfect, but in reality they
are the hardest to attain. Moreover, Confucius stressed the importance of rituals
which would lead them back to the ideal society of their ancestors when there was
harmony between heaven and earth.

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CONFUCIAN DOCTRINES/ BELIEFS
Perhaps Confucius is more often celebrated for his Golden Rule: “Do not do
unto others what you would not have them do unto you.” Found in the Analects,
this saying teaches the ethics of mutuality and reciprocity. Some of the most
important Confucian doctrines include the idea of Tian or heaven, human nature,
rectification of names, the five constants, filial piety and ancestor worship.

A. Belief in Tian
“When you have offended against Heaven, there is nowhere you can turn
to in your prayers.” (Analects 3.13) This is one of the passages in the Analects
which shows Kung Fuzi’s idea of Tian or heaven. Tian may also refer to that
which is beyond human control. Confucius believed that Tian is analogous with
moral order but dependent upon human intervention to bring its will into
action. For him, the li or ritual propriety is the way through which the family,
the state, and the world may become parallel with Tian’s moral order. He
believed that only by performing the ancient rituals, which was done by earlier
kings, could harmony between heaven and earth be revived.

B. Human Nature as Originally Good or Evil

Confucius was silent on the concept of human nature, but Mengzi

(Mencius) and Xunzi (Hsun Tzu), two Confucian followers and philosophers, had
different interpretations on the subject of human nature based on the Analects.

For Menzi, human nature is naturally disposed toward ren, or virtue of

the superior man. He believed that all humans were born with innate goodness
which, on one hand, can cultivate through proper education and self-discipline;
or be thrown away through neglect and bad influence.

Xunzi believed that human nature is basically evil but can be improved
through self-cultivation. Like Mengzi, Xunzi considered the li or discipline as the
key to cultivate human nature.

C. Rectification of Names

Confucius believed that to return in an ancient Dao, people must play

their important roles in society. This was called the Rectification of Names or
Zhengming. These include The Five Relationships:
1) ruler-subject
2) father-son
3) husband-wife
4) elder sibling-younger sibling
5) friend-to-friend

The responsibilities originating from these relationships are shared and

reciprocal. For example, a minister owes loyalty to his ruler and a child owes

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 respect to the parents. In return, ruler must care for his subjects and parents
must care for their children. Zhengming helps bring social order and harmony.

D. The Five Constants

The Five Constants, also known as the Five Classical Virtues, or

Wuchang, are the five most important Confucian ethics mentioned in the
Analects and the Book of Mencius. These include the following:
1. Ren, or benevolence
2. Yi, or righteousness
3. Li, or propriety
4. Zhi, or knowledge/wisdom
5. Xin, or fidelity

E. Filial Piety

In Confucians, family relations provide a model for social behavior. It is

said to have provided China with a strong sense of solidarity not only in Chinese
family, but also in Confucian social organizations and even among Chinese
communities in different parts of the world. The following Chinese tradition can
be the manifestation of Filial Piety:
1. Worship to ancestors
2. Respect to parents and other elderly

SACRED SCRIPTURES; THE CONFUCIAN CLASSICS

(Wilson 2010) The Five Classics (wujing) and Four Books (si shu) collectively
create the foundation of Confucianism. The Five Classics and Four Books were the
basis of the civil examination in imperial China and can be considered the
Confucian canon. The Five Classics consists of the Book of Odes, Book of
Documents, Book of Changes, Book of Rites, and the Spring and Autumn Annals.
The Four Books are comprised of the Doctrine of the Mean, the Great Learning,
Mencius, and the Analects.

The Five Classics

The Five Classics are a group of books which was regarded as early
Confucianism’s basic texts. This includes the Book of Change, the Book of History,
the Book of Poetry, the Classic of Rites, and the Spring and Autumn Annals.

The Analects (or Lunyu) is also considered as an important source of

Confucian teachings since it contains a record of his conversations with his
disciples and his collection of sayings and ideas. It is believed to have been written
during the Warring State Period (475 B.C.E.- 221 B.C.E.)

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 Believed to have existed at the time of Confucius
Book of Change The oldest of the Classics.
(I-Ching) It focuses on short predictions following a type of divination called
cleromancy.

Book of History Conventionally attributed to Confucius by early scholars.

It is composed of speeches of royalty and ministers mainly from the Shang
(Book of and Zhou dynasties.
Documents or Also consists of chronological accounts of imperial achievements and rule of
Shangshu) the government.

Book of Poetry Collection of 305 songs compiled around 600 B.C.E.

(Book of Includes four sections of various themes such as love, courtship,
Songs/Odes/Shiji abandonment, and dances.
ng) Also includes feast songs or state chants.

The longest of the Five Classics and a historical chronicle of the State of Lu
Spring and Created specifically for annalistic purposes
Traditionally understood as being written by Confucius, but modern scholars
Autumn Annals believe the text was actually written by various chroniclers from the State of
Lu

Compilation of ceremonial rituals, administration, and social forms of the

Classics of Zhou dynasty.
Rites (originally Emphasizes the virtue of piety
the Three Li/Three Composed of 49 sections of rituals and government guidelines, as well as
Rites/Sin Li essays on education, the rites, music and philosophy.

The Four Books

It is a guide for moral self-cultivation. It states that the key

to moral self-cultivation is learning, or the investigation of
The Great things. Zhu Xi prescribed that The Great Learning be the first of
Learning the Confucian Classics read, as the message contained in The
Great Learning would orient scholars to think about the value of
their studies.
It is written during the Spring and Autumn period through
the Warring States period, it is a collection of Kongzi's teachings
and discussions with disciples.
Analects
According to the Analects, the first step in knowing the
(Lunyu)
Way is to devote oneself to learning. In addition to learning, the
Analects emphasize the importance of good governance, filial
piety, virtue, and ritual.
It is a collection of conversations Mencius had with Kongzi.
Mencius places a strong emphasis on the responsibility of the
emperor to practice good governance through following the Way
Mencius and believes that all human beings are inherently good. He
emphasizes the idea that though we are all born with the seeds
of righteousness and goodness, we must learn how to nurture
and cultivate those seeds.
The Doctrine It has been translated in many ways, including The
of the Mean Constant Mean (Legge) and Maintaining Perfect Balance
(Gardener). It is attributed to Zisi, Kongzi's grandson, and deals

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 with how to maintain perfect balance and harmony in one's life.
It focuses on following the Way and acting in accordance with
what is right and natural, but acknowledges that people often do
not act properly and emphasizes the fact that the good
governance rests with men and that rulers who maintain
balance are not only more effective, but also encourage the Way
in others.

https://academics.hamilton.edu/asian_studies/home/culttemp/sitepages/five classics.html

PRACTICES AND RITUALS

Although Confucianism does not brag to have all the clear cut answers of the
universe, the ones who practice have a strong belief in rituals. They believe that
participation in ritual serves uniting people and strengthening the community.
However, Confucianism does not hold all the aspects of a religion (such as
Christianity or Islam), nor do they hold regular practices and rituals. Instead they
symbolize four important times in one’s life. These are birth, reaching maturity,
marriage and death.

A. Birth
The Tai-Shen (spirit of the fetus) protects the expectant mother, and
deals harshly with anyone/thing that harasses or harms the woman. She
receives a special diet and is given one month to rest after the delivery of the
baby. Her parents are responsible for everything that is needed to support
the child, on the first, fourth, and twelfth month anniversary of the child's
birth.

B. Marriage
There are six separate things that happen during the marriage rituals,
these include:
1. Proposal: Both sides of the relationship share the hour, day, month, and
year of their birth. If any upsetting events happens within the bride-to-
be's family within the next three days, it is believed that she has rejected
the proposal.
2. Engagement: After the couple decides the date of the wedding, the bride
announces the wedding with invitations and gifts of cookies shaped like
the moon.
3. Dowry: A dowry is a transfer of parental belongings when their daughter
is getting married. Gifts equal in value after given to the bride and groom.
4. Procession: The groom proceeds to the bride’s home, and brings her
back to his place, with much happiness and excitement.
5. Marriage: The couple recites their vows that will bond them together for
a lifetime, toast each other with wine, and then take center stage at a
banquet consisting of friends, and the families of both bride and groom.

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 6. Morning After: The bride serves breakfast to the groom’s parents, and
then the parents do the same.

C. Death
After the death of a loved one, the family cries aloud to inform the
neighbors of the tragic news. The family begin to mourns and by making
clothes made of coarse material. The corpse is placed in a coffin, and many
family and friends bring money to help with the cost of the funeral. Food and
objects important to the deceased are placed into the coffin with him/her. A
priest or minister of any religion performs the burial ritual. The guests follow
the coffin carrying a large willow tree branch which symbolizes the soul of
the person who has died. The branch is then carried back to the family altar
where is used to "install" the spirit of the deceased. A public worship (called
a Liturgy) is performed on the seventh, ninth, and forty-ninth days after the
burial, along with the first- and third-year anniversary of the death.
https://confucianismbmhs.weebly.com/beliefs--practices.html

Issues of Confucianism

One characteristic of Confucian social order is the fixed and strict hierarchy,
with the higher partners being composed of men – father, husband, and rulers
exercising more right and privilege over women who are placed in a subordinate
position.

1. Female Subordination

It is often said that a woman’s life under Confucianism can be summed

up in three periods, also known as the “Three Obediences:”

1st 2nd 3rd

Obedience to Obedience to Obedience to
her father her husband her son

Women, being at the bottom of the Confucian hierarchy, are expected to

display ideal behavior and accommodation. They are expected to demonstrate
obedience before all other virtues and are not expected to act as independent
beings.

2. Authoritarianism

Authoritarianism is another challenge that Confucianism still faces at

present. Because Confucianism stresses the hierarchy between relationships,
this has reinforced top-down values and hierarchical systems by encouraging
deference to one’s superiors-ruler, father, teacher, or anyone older. When
Confucian values are used to suppress opposition, thwart fresh ideas to surface,

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 or to protect apathy, then Confucianism poses a serious threat to the
development of society and the flourishing of democracy.

3. Environmental Ethics

While it is true that Confucianism advocates respect for the environment,

its acceptance of people’s dominance of nature poses a threat to the issue. The
Analects mentioned the subordination of animals to social interests. Some
experts also say that when faced with the dilemma between maintaining social
duties and the environment, Confucianism would lead one to choose the former
than the latter. Confucian logic would give priority to defense of social duties
over environmental protection.

What is Taoism?

Taoism, also known as Daoism, is a nature-based philosophy. It observes

nature, seeing the observer and the observed as one entire system. It functioned as
a philosophy of abandonment and withdrawal from the rampant warfare and social
unrest which characterized the reign of the Zhou dynasty---a period of constant
struggle for power, wealth and prestige.

Taoism served as a protest of common people against the rising despotism of

rulers and served as a reaction to the growing firmness of the moralists, who were
followers of Confucius. The ultimate goal of Taoists was to conform to the great
pattern of nature, which is called Tao/Dao, or “The Way.” As a philosophy, Taoism
focuses on the great mysteries of the Tao; as a religion, its goal is to achieve long
life and ultimately immortality.

TAOIST CONCEPTS/BELIEFS
Taoism can be best understood by discussing its concepts and beliefs. Some
of its concepts include:

It is undetectable, indistinct, shapeless, and indefinable.

Tao/Dao
It is the foundation of all being, and the way in which nature
essential concept
and the universe exist. All things come from it and are
and creative
nourished by it, that is why sometimes the Tao is called
principle in
“Mother.” Tao is the origin of heaven and earth and it is also
Taoism
the way in which heaven and earth now live.
It encourages inaction in nature and advocates the quiet
Te/De and passive nature of a person so that the Tao, or the creative
“virtue” principle in the universe, may act through them without
interference. People should simply follow the Tao and must
do nothing on their own.
Wu-Wei “ It is a concept used to negate or limit human action. It
"no behavior” or refers to the cancellation or restriction of human behavior,
“doing nothing.” especially human activities. Wu-wei may refer to certain
stages such as non-behavior or doing nothing; taking as little

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 action as possible; taking action spontaneously; taking a
passive attitude toward society; waiting for the spontaneous
transformation of things; and taking action according to
objective conditions and the nature of things, or acting
naturally. It advocates a “go with the flow” attitude by
cultivating a state of being wherein our actions are in
harmony with the natural cycles of the universe. Laozi
believed that wu-wei can lead to a peaceful and harmonious
society.
The concept was articulated by the Taoist philosopher
Zhuangzi who stated that “yin in its highest form is freezing
Yin Yang
while yang in its highest form is boiling. The chilliness comes
‘the law of
from heaven while the warmness comes from the earth. The
everything’ yet
interaction of these two establishes he (harmony), so it gives
there is no form
birth to things. Yin yang emphasizes complementarity,
being seen.”
interconnectedness, and interdependence of both sides
seeking a new balance with each other.
Qi/Chi It is the fundamental substance of nature and living
“air’ or “vapor” beings, as well as life force. It refers to matter which is
“material force” continuous, energetic, and dynamic. It is considered as the
or “vital force” foundation of body and life.

SACRED SCRIPTURES

A. Tao Te Ching (Dao De Jing)

It is Taoism’s foundational text meaning “The Book of the Way and its
Power.” Taoists regard this as the essential guide to living a full spiritual and
ethical life. It is a short book of around 5,000 Chinese characters which is
divided into 81 brief chapters filled with short, enigmatic paragraphs of
advice on life, and poetic descriptions of the nature of the universe.

B. Chuang Tzu

Like the Tao Te Ching, although it is attributed to a man named

Chuang Tzu (Zhuangzi), it is a collection of the wisdom of many different
people consisting delightful parables, metaphors, and poetic passages
praised for its high literary value which represents the most significant
formulation of early Taoist thought. It is an anthology of essays that make
use of parables and allegories which discusses spiritual freedom which
makes one surpass the limitations of one’s own mind which focuses in the
relativity of things or nature or the balance of yinyang.

WORSHIP AND OBSERVANCES

Ritual or liturgical expressions are important to the Taoist religion. These

include ritual initiation meant for purification and renewal in the life-cycle and

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development of the human person. Taoist priests are licensed to perform rituals of
specific traditions such as:
1. exorcism, performed in cases of sickness with the goal of gaining victory
over the evil spirits; and
2. festivals, especially New Year.

In these rituals, incense is a central aspect, together with the sacrificial

offering of sacred writings such as paper charms which contain the prayers of
individuals, bearing their names and the intentions which are burned as part of the
ritual. Those who will perform such rituals are encouraged to prepare for them by
fasting and by having a spirit of forgiveness and reconciliation.
Humility and non-competition are among the most important virtues in
Taoism together with naturalness and naturalism, as well as non-aggression and
passive rule which manifest the fundamental virtue of Wu Wei. Physical and
spiritual techniques are just as important as ethical or moral techniques or
practices. Taoists put emphasis on ethical behavior by incorporating it into their
practices. Instead of initiating action, they wait for events to make action
necessary, avoiding letting their own desires and compulsions push them into
doing things. Generally, Taoism, just like other religions, disapprove of killing,
stealing, lying, and promiscuity. It promotes philanthropic, selfless, and humane
behavior. Good behavior is seen as an essential part not only of self-improvement
but the world as a whole. To attain the spiritual perfection like the sage, Taoists
practice certain rituals which are listed below:

GOAL PRACTICES
Use of potions (led to the practice of alchemical experiments
which made lasting contributions in various fields such as
chemistry, medicine, and pharmacology)
To obtain
Practice meditation (includes experiments with one’s self,
longevity and
especially the body through the use of methods of inner
immortality
alchemy, associated with yoga and other forms of meditation)
Breathing technique (to be in contact with qi, for longevity and
to counter aging)
Jiao Festival (or the rite of cosmic renewal, celebrated to
rededicate the local temple and to renew the whole community
by cleansing it from suffering and hardships)
To dispel
Refrain from eating grain (based on the Taoist belief that
illness or
illness is caused by three corpse worms which reside in the
suffering
body, and eating grain will encourage these worms to stay)
Confession and purging of one’s sins (based on the belief that
illness may be caused by wrongdoings)

ISSUES OF TAOISM

Like any other religion, Taoism has its share of issues. These are:

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 1. Fatalism. Taoism has often been criticized for propagating laziness or
espousing a fatalistic attitude in life by letting nature take its course and
reminding Taoists to just go with the flow. Inaction is often misinterpreted as
not doing anything, when in fact it means doing things naturally by taking
the natural action without the use of force.
2. Superstition. Taoism believes in superstitious practices. For instance, there
is a misconception that Taoism involves sorcery, which includes the drawing
of signs, chants, and other practices which led to the notion that Taoism
promotes superstitious practices. But the practice of ancestor worship has
been an aspect of Chinese culture which found its way in Taoism, similar to
the Shinto practice among the Japanese, thus Taoists often find themselves
in temples, praying to their ancestors for guidance in their everyday lives.
3. Urban Development. Taoists believe in the dictum “leave nature alone and
nature will thrive.” Taoism has advocated a utopian vision of society
characterized by order and harmony, and an emphasis on self-cultivation as
a means of achieving social harmony. One should have a healthy
relationship with nature and it should begin with one’s own body. Taoism
advocates the idea that we should follow the lead of nature instead of
controlling it, for humans are natural creatures who should live in harmony
with nature. Taoism emphasized the balance of opposites and the
interdependence of all things, which can be interpreted as an ancient
equivalent of today’s notion of the ecosystem. Taoists believe that social
harmony will be achieved through a return to nature.

Activities

Guided Practice 1

Directions: Match the terms in Column A with their meanings found in Column B.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Column A Column B
A. group of books regarded as early Confucianism’s basic
1. Tian
texts
B. emphasizes complementarity, interconnectedness, and
2. Five Constants interdependence of both sides seeking a new balance with
each other
3. Qi Chi C. a Confucian belief of heaven
D. a Taoism belief and practice being mistaken as an
4. Yin Yang
involvement in sorcery
E. the fundamental substance of nature and living beings,
5. Tao
as well as life force
6. Book of Poetry F. a collection of the wisdom of many different people
consisting delightful parables, metaphors, and poetic

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 passages
G. five most important Confucian ethics mentioned in the
7. Laozi (Lao-tzu)
Analects
H. believed to have authored the Dao De Jing or The Book
8. Superstition
of the Way and its Power
I. all things come from it and are nourished by it, that is
9. Five Classics
why sometimes it is called “Mother”
J. a collection of 305 songs including feast songs and state
10. Chuang Tzu
chants

Guided Practice 2

Directions: Write “GOT IT” if the statement is true. Otherwise, change the
underlined word to make the statement correct. Write your answer in a separate
sheet of paper.
 
1. Yin in its highest form is freezing while Yang in its highest form is boiling.
2. Confucians believe in the dictum “leave nature alone and nature will thrive.”
3. Confucianism stresses the hierarchy between relationships.
4. Tao Te Ching is Taoism’s foundational text.
5. Women, being at the middle of the Confucian hierarchy, are expected to
display ideal behavior and accommodation.
6. Confucians believe that participation in ritual serves uniting people, and
strengthening the community.
7. Taoism has often been criticized for propagating diligence or espousing a
fatalistic attitude in life by letting nature take its course.
8. The Five Classics and Four Books were the basis of the civil examination in
imperial China.
9. A possession is a transfer of parental belongings when their daughter is
getting married.
10. The relativity of things or nature is the central theme of Chuang Tzu.

Independent Practice: You Complete Me

Directions: Identify the terms being described in each numbers. Complete the
words below by filling the missing letters. Write your answer in a separate sheet of
paper.

1. A __ T __ __ R I __ A __ __ A __ I __ M
It is a challenge that Confucianism still faces at present because it stresses the
hierarchy between relationships by encouraging deference to one’s superiors-
ruler, father, teacher, or anyone older.
2. __ X __ R __ I __ M
Performed in cases of sickness with the goal of gaining victory over the evil
spirits
3. __ U __ E __
It is a concept used to negate or limit human action.

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4. G __ __ D __ __ R __ __ E
“Do not do unto others what you would not have them do unto you.”
5. __ I __ __
Also known as heaven, an all-encompassing God.
6. __ H E __ __ M __ __ __
People must play their important roles in society which was called the
Rectification of Names.
7. __ U __ __ __ N __
The five most important Confucian ethics mentioned in the Analects.
8. C __ U __ N __ T __ U
A collection of the wisdom of many different people consisting delightful
parables, metaphors, and poetic passages
9. T__ __ E __ O __ __ D __ __ N __ __ __
Three stages of Confucian women’s lives
10. F __ __ E C __ __ S __ __I __ __
A group of books which was regarded as early Confucianism’s basic texts

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 Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write on the space before
each number. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Confucian woman’s life can be summed up into three stages which is called
“Three Obediences,” these are __________________.
a. Obedience to Tian; Obedience to Confucius; Obedience to Law
b. Obedience to her father; Obedience to her husband; Obedience to her son
c. Obedience to Country; Obedience to Government; Obedience to Nation
d. Obedience to parents; Obedience to ruler; Obedience to Teach

2. “When you have offended against Heaven, there is nowhere you can turn to in
your prayers.” (Analects 3.13) This is one of the passages in the Analects which
shows Kung Fuzi’s idea of ___________.
a. heaven c. reincarnation
b. superstitions d. All of the choices

3. Confucius’ Golden Rule, “Do not do unto others what you would not have them
do unto you,” explains ______________.
a. Treat others equal to themselves and in equally the same manner as they
would have wanted to be treated.
b. Good behavior is a great virtue in Confucian doctrine.
c. You can take revenge if someone hurt you.
d. Anyone can face Karma.

4. According to Confucian belief, why must people play their roles in society?
a. because it helps bring social order and harmony
b. because it brings happiness to someone
c. to avoid being punished by the government
d. to have a peaceful life

5. Which of the following shows the aspect to criticism of authoritarianism?

a. Citizens being subordinate to the government
b. Allowing the bad behavior of a father requiring the son to accept it when it
occurs
c. The patriarchal nature of Confucianism
d. Being obedient by the females

6. Who among the following shows the Wu Wei concept?

a. Joan decided to carry a pepper spray to defend herself just in case someone
attacks her.
b. Ben does not exert any effort to plan for his daily work arrangements.

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 c. Daniel, a tricycle driver always works late and accepts extra trips to earn
extra money just in case there is a family emergency
d. Ericka is selling watches online to save for her coming birthday.

7. The following persons believe in superstitions except:

a. Joshua returns home on his way to attend a party when he comes across a
black cat.
b. Alice does not sweep the house at night in fear of sending good luck out of
the house.
c. Jessica stopped her friends from leaving her when she is not done eating
because she fears to be unmarried the rest of her life.
d. Dennis went straight home after attending a wake.

8. Which of the following statements is true?

a. Taoists regard the Tao Te Ching as the essential guide to living an ethical
life.
b. Taoism promotes superstitious practices.
c. Taoism is a human-based philosophy.
d. Tao Te Ching is Taoism’s foundational text.

9. All things come from it, and are nourished by it, that is why it is sometimes
called “Mother.”
a. Yin Yang c. Chi
b. Tao d. De

10. What do Taoist observe to obtain longevity and immortality?

a. Use of potions which led to the practice of alchemical experiments which
made lasting contributions in various fields such as chemistry, medicine,
and pharmacology.
b. Practice meditation including experiments with one’s self especially the body
through the use of methods of inner alchemy, associated with yoga and
other forms of meditation.
c. Breathing technique in order to be in contact with qi for longevity and to
counter aging.
d. All of the above.

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 Reflection

Complete the paragraph with the necessary words or sentences that best describe
what you have learned from the discussion. Write your paragraph in a separate
sheet of paper. Follow the format below.

I agree that Confucianism is a religion because,

___________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.

I agree that Confucianism is also a philosophy because, ______________________

_________________________________________________________________________________.

The Confucian values that can be applied to solve particular problems at present
are
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________.

Taoism emphasizes love and respect for nature because, ______________________

_________________________________________________________________________________.

Taoism is often misunderstood as a superstitious religion because, ______________

_________________________________________________________________________________.

The aspect of Taoism that we can adopt as Filipinos that will help us improve our
society is/are ____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.

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 References

Lumen. 2018. Lumen Candela. (Accessed January 4, 2021)

Manaloto, Christian B. and Rapadas, Maria Teresita R. Pilgrimage to Sacred
Spaces: An Introduction to World Religions. Quezon Ave., Quezon City. The
Phoenix publishing House Inc., 2016
Ong, Jerome A. & Jose, Mary Dorothy dL. Introduction to World Religions and Belief
Systems (Teacher Manual). Quezon City: Vibal Group Inc., 2016

Ong, Jerome A. & Jose, Mary Dorothy dL. Introduction to World Religions and Belief
Systems (Textbook). Quezon City: Vibal Group Inc., 2016

Wilson, Thomas A. 2010. "Cult of Confucius and the Temple of Culture." Hamilton
Academics.

https://academics.hamilton.edu/asian_studies/home/culttemp/sitePages/fiveclas
sics.html Accessed (January 4, 2021)

https://www.goodnet.org/articles/these-4-teachings-daoism-will-help-you
navigate-life (Accessed January 4, 2021)

https://confucianismbmhs.weebly.com/beliefs--practices.html Accessed (January

4, 2021)

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 Key to Corrections
Independent Practice Guided Practice 1
1. AUTHORITARIANISM 1. C
2. EXORCISM 2. G
3. WU WEI 3. E
4. GOLDEN RULE 4. B
5. TIAN 5. I
6. ZHENG MING 6. J
7. WUCHANG 7. H
8. CHUANG TZU 8. D
9. THE OBEDIENCES 9. A
10. FIVE CLASSICS 10. F

Assessment Guided Practice 2

1. b 1. GOT IT
2. a 2. Taoists
3. a 3. GOT IT
4. a 4. GOT IT
5. b 5. bottom
6. b 6. GOT IT
7. d 7. laziness
8. a 8. GOT IT
9. b 9. dowry
10. d 10. GOT IT

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 Acknowledgment
The Schools Division of Zambales would like to express its heartfelt
gratitude to the following, who in one way or the other, have contributed to the
successful preparation, development, quality assurance, printing, and distribution
of the Quarter 2 Guided Learning Activity Kits (GLAKs) in all learning areas across
grade levels as a response to providing the learners with developmentally-
appropriate, contextualized and simplified learning resources with most essential
learning competencies (MELCs)-based activities anchored on the principles of
guided learning and explicit instruction:

First, the Learning Resources (LR) Development Team composed of the

writers and graphic artists for devoting much of their time and exhausting their
best efforts to produce these indispensable learning kits used for the
implementation of learning delivery modalities.

Second, the content editors, language reviewers, and layout evaluators

making up the Division Quality Assurance Team (DQAT) for having carefully
evaluated all GLAKs to ensure quality and compliance to DepEd standards;

Third, the Provincial Government of Zambales, for unceasingly extending its

financial assistance to augment the funds for the printing of these learning
resources for use by learners and parents at home;

Fourth, the teacher-advisers and subject teachers, in close coordination

with the school heads, for their weekly distribution and retrieval of the GLAKs and
for their frequent monitoring of the learners’ progress through various means; and

Finally, the parents and other home learning facilitators for giving the
learners the needed guidance and support for them to possibly accomplish the
tasks and for gradually helping them become independent learners.

To deliver learning continuity in this challenging circumstance would not be

possible without your collective effort and strong commitment to serve our
Zambaleño learners.

Again, our sincerest thanks!

The Management Team

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL TRACKS

ACADEMIC TRACK

TECHNICAL-VOCATIONAL-
LIVELIHOOD (TVL) TRACK

SPORTS TRACK

ARTS AND DESIGN TRACK