Agricultural Atlas 2019

2019
FOOD & AGRICULTURAL

OVERVIEW
A PRODUCTIVE, INCLUSIVE AND

SUSTAINABLE SOIL TO FEED MEXICO
F O O D , AGRICU LT U RAL
MI N I ST R Y OF A GR I CUL TU R E A N D R U R A L D E VE L O P M E N T AND F ISHERIES
INF O RM AT IO N SERV ICE
SIAP
FSOEORVD,
I CA
IOGR
DIEC U
I NLT
FOURRM
AA LCIÓN
M I N I S T R Y O F A G R I C U LT U R E A N D R U R A L D E V E L O P M E N T A ND FISHERIES
AGROALIMENTARIA
IYN F
PESQUERA
O R M AT I O N S E R V I C E
2019
FOOD & AGRICULTURAL
OVE RVI EW
SERVICIO DE INFORMACIÓN AGROALIMENTARIA Y PESQUERA (SIAP)
(FOOD, AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERIES INFORMATION SERVICE)
Food and Agricultural Overview 2019

First edition, 2019
© Servicio de Información Agroalimentaria y Pesquera
Benjamín Franklin 146, Colonia Escandón, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, C.P. 11800, Mexico City.
The partial or total, direct or indirect reproduction of the content of this work is prohibited, without prior, explicit and written
consent from the editors, under the terms established by the Federal Law on Copyright and, when appropriate, by applicable
international treaties. The person infringing these provisions will be subject to the corresponding legal sanctions.
Printed and made in Mexico
Spanish version available in digital format and in print.
2
Directory
Víctor Manuel Villalobos Arámbula Raúl Elenes Angulo

SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL NATIONAL COMMISSIONER FOR AQUACULTURE
DEVELOPMENT AND FISHERIES
Miguel García Winder Patricia Ornelas Ruiz

UNDERSECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE SENIOR DIRECTOR OF THE FOOD, AGRICULTURAL AND
FISHERIES INFORMATION SERVICE
Víctor Suárez Carrera
UNDERSECRETARY OF FOOD SELF-SUFFICIENCY Leobigildo Córdova Téllez
MANAGING DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL SEED
Salvador Fernández Rivera INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION SERVICE
GENERAL COORDINATOR OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Francisco Javier Trujillo Arriaga
David Monreal Ávila SENIOR DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL SERVICE FOR
GENERAL COORDINATOR OF LIVESTOCK SANITATION, SAFETY AND QUALITY OF FOOD AND
AGRICULTURE
Francisco Vázquez Salazar
GENERAL COORDINATOR OF SOCIAL COMMUNICATION Fernando de la Torre Sánchez
MANAGING DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL RESEARCH
Ignacio Ovalle Fernández INSTITUTE ON FORESTRY, FARMING AND LIVESTOCK
HEAD OF THE MEXICAN FOOD SECURITY BODY
Francisco Javier Delgado Mendoza
Debora Schlam Epelstein MANAGING DIRECTOR OF THE RISK-SHARING FUND
HEAD OF THE ADMINISTRATION AND
FINANCE UNIT Ramón Antonio Sandoval Noriega
MANAGING DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL COMMISSION
Francisco Conzuelo Gutierrez ON ARID ZONES
GENERAL COUNSEL
Raymundo Vázquez Gómez
Alejandrina González de la Rosa MANAGING DIRECTOR OF INCA RURAL, A.C. (National
SECRETARY ADVISORY COORDINATOR Institute of Skills Development for the Rural Sector)
Ramón Osuna Quevedo Javier Delgado Mendoza

GENERAL COORDINATOR OF DELEGATIONS MANAGING DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL FINANCING
FOR AGRICULTURAL, RURAL, FORESTRY AND
Arturo Puente González FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT
SENIOR DIRECTOR OF THE AGENCY FOR TRADING
SERVICES AND DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL
MARKETS
3
Index
Presentation 7 Mexico Reception Station (ERMEX): permanent monitoring
Food, Agricultural and Fisheries Information Service (SIAP): of the territory 53
Information that nourishes 8 Safflower 54
Mexico: the agri-food sector in figures 10 Barley grain 56
Who generates the agricultural and fisheries production Onion 58
in Mexico? 11 Green chili 60
Rural women in Mexico 12 Mexican salsas: the proudly Mexican agri-food spice 62
The aricultural frontier in Mexico: a place where wellbeing is sown 13 Cauliflower 64
Mexican agricultural products in international markets 14 Copra and coconut 66
Mexican agricultural exports sector 15 Vulnerability in agricultural areas: water availability in dams 68
2019 Agricultural calendar 16 Agroclimatic fitness: an analysis for social welfare 69
Estimation of the agricultural surface: level of analysis of the crops 17 Peach 70
Tequila Agave 20 Asparagus 72
Avocado 22 Raspberry 74
Sesame 24 Strawberry 76
Green alfalfa 26 Agri-food infrastructure: operational capacity of the sector 78
Cottonseed 28 Geographic regions 79
Amaranth 30 Bean 80
Blueberry 32 Chickpea 82
Paddy rice 34 Gerbera 84
Fodder oats 36 Guava 86
Oat grain 38 Self-consumption: a basic principle of agricultural activity 88
Eggplant 40 Food banks 89
Broccoli 42 Tomato 90
Cacao 44 Lettuce 92
Coffee cherry 46 Lime 94
Zucchini 48 Fodder maize 96
Sugarcane 50 Grain maize 98
Unmanned aerial systems: technological innovation 52 Maize: tradition and development 100
4
Mango 102 Blackberry 156
Apple 104 2020: The International Year of Plant Health 158
Geo-referenced registry: Apple harvest production and yield 106 Exotic livestock diseases 159
Cantaloupe 108 Poultry meat in carcass 162
Orange 110 When the chick outweighs the rooster! 164
Orange: a citrus of international relevance 112 The meat production path 165
Jackfruit: fruit hugs 113 Beef in carcass 166
Nopal 114 Goat meat in carcass 168
Nuts 116 Mutton meat in carcass 170
Potato 118 Pork in carcass 172
Papaya 120 Table egg 174
Cucumber 122 Free range chicken 176
Pear 124 Bovine milk 178
Pineapple 126 Goat milk 180
Banana 128 Honey 182
Rose 130 Not everything is sweet in the beehive 184
Watermelon 132 In the blink of an eye the sheep has no attire 185
Fodder sorghum 134 Tuna 188
Grain sorghum 136 Tuna: from the net to your table 190
Soy 138 Mariculture: we have to seize the opportunities of our seas 191
Tobacco 140 Shrimp 192
Tomatillo 142 Lobster 194
Grapefruit 144 Bream 196
Grain wheat 146 Octopus 198
Mezcal: a gift from goddess Mayahuel 148 Sardine 200
Agri-food products with designation of origin 149 Acronyms 202
Table grape 150 Glossary 203
Industrial grape 152 General information sources 205
Raisins 154 Methodological notes 206
Products and tariff codes 207
5
6
2019 FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL
OVERVIEW
President Andrés Manuel López Obrador has set as priorities of his government the
rescue of the countryside and food security, so that they can become a source of
national development and welfare in rural territories and allow for the recovery of
our self-sufficiency. Public policies and programs for the agricultural and fisheries
sector are being developed as a result. In addition to increasing productivity,
these policies promote social inclusion and sustainable development.
The agri-food sector in Mexico has demonstrated its wide potential to become
a pillar of economic growth, with an export platform that generates significant
income for the country. However, this highly productive and competitive sector
at the global level coexists with a farmer sector mired in poverty and neglect.
The Mexican countryside is strong, but conditions are unfair. This is demonstrated
by our figures. Mexico is the eleventh power in world production of food,
agricultural crops and primary livestock, and ranks 17th among the countries that
have more fisheries and aquaculture production.
In the agricultural subsector, Mexico is placed amongst the first three spots at the
international level in the production of avocado, green chili, asparagus, raspberry,
strawberry, lemon, papaya, grain sorghum and blackberry. As for the livestock
subsector, the country is the fourth largest producer of table eggs and the sixth
of beef and poultry meat in carcass. While in the fisheries subsector, Mexico is
Víctor Manuel Villalobos Arámbula one of the world leaders in shrimp and octopus production.
Secretary of Agriculture and Rural
Development Nevertheless, all this wealth is not reflected in the quality of life of all those who
are dedicated to the cultivation of the land, the raising of animals or fishing in the
rural and coastal territories. Of the almost seven million people who are dedicated
to the agricultural activity in Mexico, almost 60% receive less than five minimum
wages in income, without including the 23.6% that report no income.
Paying the social debt to this important sector requires a transformation as

complex as it is urgent, in which decisions must be supported with complete
and reliable information. In this sense, the figures and data offered in the 2019
Food and Agricultural Overview will be fundamental for all the agents that make
up the agricultural sector—from public entities, to those in the private and social
sectors.
The transformative spirit that drives this government to create fairer conditions
in all areas of public life is present in this 2019 Food and Agricultural Overview,
showing the reality of a dualistic and contrasting agricultural sector, but looking
towards a future of development and welfare for all Mexicans.
7
Food, Agricultural and Fisheries
Information Service (SIAP):
Information that nourishes
SIA P
FOOD, AGRICULTURAL
AND FISHERIES
INFORMATION SERVICE
In a truthful and timely manner, the SIAP integrates, systematizes and
publishes the official, statistical and geospatial information about the
Mexican agri-food sector. This strengthens and drives the decision-making
of the economic agents involved in the production, distribution and
commercialization of the food that arrives at our homes day by day.
How do we make this possible?

Through the Online Agricultural Network (RAW): an online capture
system for our agri-food information technicians located throughout
the country.
On land and sea From space

Agricultural, livestock and fisheries Geospatial technicians contribute to the
technical personnel working in the SIAP collection of strategic agri-food information in
visit the production facilities to monitor and the development of important projects, using
gather periodic and substantial information Geographic Information Systems (GIS),
on the planting and harvesting, livestock satellite and drone images, as well as GPS
and fisheries activities. technology, the results of which contribute to
generating the statistical offer of the SIAP .
Specialized personnel profile Synergy of the SIAP with other bodies*

• Agronomist
• Zootechnist
• Veterinarian
• Economist
• Geographer
• among others
* Representative sample of the bodies with which an agreement exists.
Source: SIAP.
8
How is the information generated?
1. Collection 2. Analysis 3. Data obtained 4. Coverage

CADER collects and Specialized SIAP professionals Agricultural: variables such as planted, Municipal, state and national
releases monthly analyze, validate, compare and damaged and harvested area, type and information is updated every
information to the release the information, variety of crop, modality, production cycles month and is available on
DDR, which reviews, supported by tools and and yield in the subsector. the SIAP website. At the end
authorizes, verifies administrative records from other of each productive year, the
and forwards it to sources, records, satellite images Livestock farming: live and carcass weight information of the
the SIAP for its and drones among others. of the slaughtered animals and livestock production cycle is
subsequent population. integrated for its use and
strategic analysis dissemination with different
Fisheries: live and landed weight of
and systematization. thematic, geographical and
aquaculture and sea species.
temporal focuses.
Also: production volume, price and value of
all the products of the Mexican countryside
SI AP
and seas, among others. SERVICIO DE INFORMACIÓN
AGROALIMENTARI A
Y PESQUERA
Who finds this How is the information provided

information useful? by the SIAP disseminated?
All decision makers working for the benefit of All information products are disseminated through
the development of the Mexican countryside different means, diversifying the manners in which the
and seas: interested public can access them, such as:
• Producers • SIAP website (www.gob.mx/siap)

• Companies of the sector • Food & Agricultural Overview
• Governments of the three levels • Agri-food infographics per state
• Automonous organizations • Agrifood Information Consultation System (SIACON)
• International organizations and other nations • Subscription to statistical agri-food information bulletins
• Educational and research institutions • Publications
• Media • Multimedia products
• Independent users • Social Networks: siap.sader @siap_mx siap_mx siapoficial
• Trade shows
Infografía agroalimentaria
SIA P
S E R V I CI O D E I N F O R M ACI Ó N
AGROALIMENTARIA
Y PESQUERA SIA P
SERVICIO DE INFORMACIÓN
AGROALIMENTARIA
Y PESQUERA
9
MEXICO: the agri-food sector in figures
TERRITORY WE SOW:
Mexico has 1,964,375 km2 of landmass and 3,149,920 km2 of ocean.
million
By area, it is the 13th largest nation in the world. WE HAVE: 21.2 hectares
million hectares
24.6 for agriculture
WE RAISE:
million hectares
POPULATION 109.8 for livestock farming million
México has 125.3 million
568 birds
inhabitants. 11,000 km of coast
for fishing million
1.7% of the total world 34.8 bovines
population lives in Mexico.
It is the 10th most populated 125,000 hectares
for aquaculture million
country in the world. 17.8 pigs
million
8.7 goats
PARTICIPANTS:
million
8.7 sheep
INFRASTRUCTURE million people in
5.9 land preparation
Mexico has about 3,000 agricultural warehouses, 175,000 abattoirs, 90
and cultivation million
wholesale food outlets, 66 fishing ports, 26,914 km of railways, 398,148 km of 2.2 hives
roads and 3,588 dams for agricultural irrigation of which 1,888 are exclusive
for agricultural use. people in livestock
841,000 feeding and care WE CATCH:
million
people for catching 1.8
2018 AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERIES PRODUCTION 168,000 and raising fish
tonnes
and other seafood

WE RAISE:
Volume Value
373 thousand
285 1.134324 tonnes
TON million tonnes trillion MXN
The convergence of territory, natural resources, animal inventory,
infrastructure and workers enable a national agricultural and fisheries
production that allows the country to be located in the following rankings:
(tonnes) (MXN)
Livestock
Fisheries
2 million
Fisheries
42 billion 11th in global food
production
22 million 0.8% 3.7%
7.6%
11th in global agricultural

goods production
Livestock
11th in global primary
livestock production
452 billion Agricultural
39.8% 641 billion
Agricultural
56.5%
17th in global fisheries and
aquaculture production
261 million
91.6%
Source: CONAGUA, CONAPESCA, CONAPO, FAO, INEGI, SCT and SIAP.

WHO GENERATES THE AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERIES
PRODUCTION IN MEXICO?
PROFILE OF AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERIES WORKERS
JOB POSITION
Of the 54.9 million
mexicans that have a job,
5.5 million work in
agriculture, 938,000 in Self-employed
livestock farming and Subordinated workers
162,000 in fishing and and paid
aquaculture. workers
35.8%
45.9%
Unpaid
workers
Employers 12.1%
6.2%
EDUCATION LEVEL*
Working age Economically Employed
population active population
94,622,874 56,951,215 54,936,719 Highschool and higher 10.9%
Complete secondary 28.7%

WORKERS PER SECTOR
Activities: Complete primary 28.9%
Agricultural Incomplete primary 31.4%

5,528,364
Tertiary * People who did not indicate their education level represent 0.05 percent.
34,014,070
Secondary Livestock
13,881,626
938,216
61.8% 25.3%
Fisheries MONTHLY INCOME FOR THEIR WORK
Primary
161,652
6,731,266
13.3% Other 30.1%
103,034 28.7%
Not indicated 23.6%
309,757
0.6%
9.1%
21
worldwide for the number of people that work in 0.9%
st Between 7.6%
the agricultural, livestock and fisheries sectors. Between More than
Less than one and
two and
PLACE
one two five
China and India have the largest contingent with five
minimum minimum minimum No
200 million employees each. minimum wages
wage wages No income information
wages
Source: SIAP with data from the National Occupation and Employment Survey (ENOE 2nd Quarter 2019) and 2018 forecasts from the International Labor Organization.
11
RURAL WOMEN IN MEXICO
Mexico obtains a significant volume of goods from its fields and oceans
that position it among the world's leading agri-food producing and There are
exporting powers. That ranking would not be possible without the social 778,000
and productive contribution of Mexican rural women. Their contribution
women in
goes beyond the invaluable services they provide for their families, their
communities and the national society. The numerical reality of the rural
Mexico who
women's situation guides the course of action to face equality challenges. work in the
primary
sector.
78.7% 17.8%
In Mexico: Agriculture Livestock farming
• there are 64.6 million women
• 50 million (77.3%) live in urban areas
• 14.6 million (22.7%) live in rural areas
Of all rural women:

• 64.4% are of working age 1.4% 2.1%
• 28.9% have a secondary education degree Fishing Other activitiesª
• 8.7 million are poor
Note: The universe of women refers to those 12 years of age and older.
ª It includes logging; hunting; and capture and services related

Of women speakers of an to agricultural and forestry activities.
indigenous language:
• 60.5% live in a rural area (2.3 million)
Extra-labor activities of women who work in the

The heads of 15.2% of all agricultural, livestock and fisheries sectors
the homes involved in
the agri-food business
are women. . Household 97.9%
chores
An average monthly income They take care of

another person 41.0%
of 6,816 MXN is available in in the home
households with agricultural
and fishing productive They carry firewood
and water for the 32.4%
facilities headed by a woman. home
Only work
3.1% They do
13.8%
community work
Of the women who are land
owners, 59.3% hold
They work and have They attend 8.0%
communal lands.. an additional activity school
96.9%
They perform house 7.0%
Source: SIAP with data from CONAPO forecasts, the 2015 Intercensal Survey, ENIGH 2018, maintenance tasks
CONEVAL, ENOE 2nd quarter 2019 and the National Agrarian Registry.
12
THE AGRICULTURAL FRONTIER The surface of the Mexican agricultural frontier is similar to the sum of the
agricultural surfaces of 4 countries in northern Europe (Germany, Denmark,
Did you
know
IN MEXICO
Finland and Sweden).
Land use changes

A PLACE WHERE WELLBEING IS SOWED The agricultural frontier is used by governments, academics, businessmen and
producers to carry out analysis and monitoring studies on changes in land use,
Permanent monitoring of agricultural activity has been carried the environment, the economy, social impact and sustainable development.
out in the last decade with the use of satellite images and the
management of geospatial tools with cutting-edge technology.
This allows the compilation of the "Set of Vector Data of the Tepic, Nayarit
Mexican Agricultural Frontier" scale 1: 10,000, which is a
fundamental resource for decision-making and for the Agricultural activity Urban development
development of public policies for the benefit of the rural sector.
Agricultural frontier
It is defined as "the set of lands sowed plus the lands that
were sowed in the last five years and are now at rest for 2003 2018
different reasons." In 15 years, 370 hectares of agricultural activity were lost.
Agricultural Urban
area area
Grassland Area at Area with Protected natural Natural vegetation (woodland,
rest agricultural activity areas jungle, wetlands, among
other coverings)
San Luis Río Colorado, Sonora
Dunes
(arid zones)
Desert area
Bodies
of water 369 ha of agricultural production.
(rivers, lakes
and lagoons) Increased
2004 2019
agricultural activity
Area being prepared The increase is equivalent to almost 10 times more

(3,000 ha) vegetables and date palms.
The agricultural frontier National series 15

seeks to detect the 10 20
presence of agricultural It is a set of spatial data that
activity in Protected represent the agricultural
Natural Areas, prevent land in the national territory 5 25
deforestation of territories in a given moment. National agricultural

Urban zone
with natural vegetation frontier surface in 24.6 26.7
millions of hectares.
and to provide benefits for 0
28
30
decision making when
III-2017
II-2015
I-2013
designing public policies.
SERIES
To date, three national

series have been created
Valley Hillside
Each region of the country has its own characteristics; where there are
no large flat extensions for agricultural activity, locals often sow on the Mountain Plateau
slopes of hills and mountains. Rugged terrain
Methodology
It is carried out through
the processing and
visual interpretation of
satellite images
obtained by the ERMEX
antenna and using
official geographic
information; as well as
with field work by Minimum mapping 1 hectare
area: 0.25 ha.
specialized technical
personnel of the SIAP. National territory digitization Close-up of the state of Puebla Close-up of the municipality of Atlixco
13
MEXICAN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN
INTERNATIONAL MARKETS
The existence of a network of 12 free trade agreements with 46 countries, with a potential market of 1.479
billion people, encourages the search for new opportunities and better conditions for the sale of Mexican
agricultural, livestock and fishery products abroad.
70.8% of the total income for foreign sales of Mexican agri-food products corresponds to the most
valuable ones.
MAIN AGRICULTURAL MARKETS OF MEXICO, 2018

(million USD)
11th GERMANY
8th NETHERLANDS 215
280
4th CANADA 10th UNITED KINGDOM

825 230
20 FRANCE
th
121
1st UNITED STATES 2nd JAPAN
26,630 7th SPAIN 14th ITALY
5th CHINA 978
309 146
485
4,491 16th HONDURAS
132
19th SOUTH KOREA
121
17th COSTA RICA 12th HONG KONG
6th GUATEMALA 129 167
341
3rd VENEZUELA
15th EL SALVADOR 885
139
9 COLOMBIA
th
234
18th PERU
129
13th CHILE
2,625 159
2,282
2,080
1,582 MAIN EXPORTED AGRI-FOOD PRODUCTS, 2018

1,314 1,222 (million USD)
758 751
732 719 713 701 612
BOVINE LIVESTOCK
552 547 538

BROCCOLI, CABBAGE
469 431 421

AND CAULIFLOWER
398 373 370

CHOCOLATE
PORK MEAT
CUCUMBER
ASPARAGUS
AVOCADO
PEPPERS
COOKIES
ORANGE
TOMATO
TEQUILA
BERRIES
COFFEE
MANGO
SHRIMP
CANDY
GREEN
SUGAR
ONION
JUICE
NUTS
BEER
BEEF
LIME
RANKING
MEXICO IN THE VALUE OF WORLD EXPORTS:
0
1 st
1 st
4 th
1 st
1 st
13 th
2 nd
4th 4th 4th 4th 6th 3rd 12th 2nd 12th 3rd 4th 4th 1st 1st 14th 13th
SHARE
% 28.5% 41.8% 10.2% 24.5% 32.9% 2.5% 16.5% 8.2% 5.9% 6.4% 12.9% 3.4% 8.7% 2.1% 15.3% 1.7% 15.1% 8.0% 11.6% 16.1% 30.2% 1.9% 1.5%
Note: In meat, edible offal is included. Berries include blueberry, raspberry, strawberry and blackberry. The rank and share for tomato refers to the total of tomatoes, and that of tequila to the total of beverages made
from agave.
Source: SIAP with data from the Bank of Mexico, the UN, the OMC and the Economy Secretariat.
14
MEXICAN AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS SECTOR
Annual foreign food trade Mexico is among the largest agri-food
(million USD) products exporting nations. The variety
and quality of these products have
TRADE FLOW contributed to the status of the country
Exports as an exporting power with a surplus in
Imports its trade balance.
BALANCE
Deficit
The international supply of Mexican
Surplus agricultural, livestock, fishery and
agroindustrial goods
. is varied. The
review of their contribution and market
share should guide the commercial
strategies that continue to strengthen
Mexico's ranking as an exporter.
6,420
20,064
34,849
28,430
26,888
5,441
27,067
25,829
32,663
10,454
14,885
27,222
29,170
21,999
25,771
3,341
14,011
9,925
8,341
1,117
-1,584
8th
-3,557
-5,178 -5,067
................................................................................................................................................................................
2000 2004 2007 2011 2015 2016 2017 2018
EXPORTER
...............
2.2%
....
...............................................
COMMERCIAL INDICATORS OF THE MAIN FOOD PRODUCTS EXPORTED, 2018

Main destinations for Mexican exports Top importers in the world
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mexican
1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Product exports ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(MMUSD)
Country MMUSD Country MMUSD Country MMUSD Country MMUSD Country MMUSD Country MMUSD
-----------
Beer 4,491 U.S.A. 3,574 China 193 U.K. 99 U.S.A. 5,580 France 981 China 904
----------- Avocado 2,625 U.S.A. 2,000 Canada 198 Japan 149 U.S.A. 2,448 Netherlands 706 France 410
-----------
Berries 2,282 U.S.A. 2,182 Canada 23 Netherlands 16 U.S.A. 3,267 Germany 1,229 Canada 960
----------- Tomatoª 2,080 U.S.A. 2,073 Canada 5.1 Japan 1.2 U.S.A. 2,487 Germany 1,466 France 707
-----------
Tequilaª 1,582 U.S.A. 1,289 Germany 25 U.K. 23 U.S.A. 1,655 Germany 314 Vietnam 262
----------- Beef meat 1,314 U.S.A. 1,143 Japan 75 Hong Kong 45 U.S.A. 5,283 China 4,800 Japan 3,474
-----------
Peppers 1,222 U.S.A. 1,212 Canada 6 Guatemala 0.9 U.S.A. 1,910 Germany 901 U.K. 479
----------- Bovine livestock 758 U.S.A. 757 Belize 0.2 El Salvador 0.1 Turkey 1,692 U.S.A. 1,646 Italy 1,521
-----------
Nuts 751 U.S.A. 717 China 20 Vietnam 4.8 U.S.A. 2,564 India 1,857 Vietnam 1,451
----------- Candy 732 U.S.A. 609 Colombia 18 Guatemala 17 U.S.A. 1,972 Germany 752 U.K. 618
-----------
Broccoli, cabbage and cauliflower 719 U.S.A. 699 Canada 15 Japan 4.6 U.S.A. 1,199 Germany 624 Japan 572
----------- Sugar 713 U.S.A. 652 Morocco 32 Canada 10 Indonesia 1,800 U.S.A. 1,666 China 1,030
-----------
Cookies 701 U.S.A. 640 Canada 26 Guatemala 6.9 U.S.A. 1,322 U.K. 520 France 502
----------- Chocolate 612 U.S.A. 509 Canada 43 Guatemala 8.2 U.S.A. 2,748 Germany 2,408 France 2,228
-----------
Lime 552 U.S.A. 506 Netherlands 24 U.K. 8.3 U.S.A. 652 Netherlands 376 Germany 368
----------- Pork meat 547 Japan 422 U.S.A. 62 South Korea 53 Japan 4,414 Italy 2,133 China 2,074
-----------
Cucumber 538 U.S.A. 531 Canada 6.3 U.K. 0.1 U.S.A. 827 Germany 645 U.K. 227
-----------
Orange juice 469 U.S.A. 352 Netherlands 62 Japan 25 U.S.A. 906 Netherlands 890 France 649
-----------
Onion 431 U.S.A. 411 El Salvador 12 Spain 2 U.S.A. 476 U.K. 265 Vietnam 260
-----------
Mango 421 U.S.A. 373 Canada 40 Japan 3.3 U.S.A. 637 China 371 Netherlands 318
-----------
Asparagus 398 U.S.A. 398 Spain 0.1 Japan 0.1 U.S.A. 719 Germany 107 Canada 85
----------- Green coffee 373 U.S.A. 218 Belgium 39 Germany 19 U.S.A. 4,776 Germany 2,808 Italy 1,502
Shrimp 370 U.S.A. 275 Vietnam 53 France 13 U.S.A. 6,421 Japan 2,353 Vietnam 2,266
MMUSD: Million USD.
ªIn the main importers in the world, tomato refers to the total spending on tomatoes; and in tequila, to all drinks made from agave.
Source: SIAP with data from the General Customs Administration, the Bank of Mexico, the International Trade Center, the World Trade Organization and the Ministry of Economy.
15
2019 AGRICULTURAL CALENDAR
2018 2019 2020
Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar
2019
Spring-Summer
Sowing
2018/2019 2019/2020
Winter-Fall Spring-Summer
Sowing 2018/2019
Autumn-Winter
Harvests
Harvest
Autumn Winter Spring Summer Autumn Winter
Agricultural year: 18-month period covering the sowings and harvests that are carried out in agricultural cycles
(Autumn-Winter + Spring-Summer + Perennials).
Cyclical crops: they are those whose vegetative Perennials: defines long-cycle crops, whose
period is less than 12 months and require new vegetative period extends beyond 12 months. Once
sowings to obtain crops. These are concentrated in established, several harvests are obtained. For
two productive periods: spring-summer and administrative records, they are counted from January
autumn-winter. to December.
Note: Agricultural statistics in Mexico are integrated with the production of cyclical and perennial crops.
Source: SIAP.
16
ESTIMATION OF THE AGRICULTURAL With a single SPOT 6/7 image, up to 360,000 hectares of planted agricultural
SURFACE
Did you
areas can be identified. The country uses approximately 780 images. know
Plot level
LEVEL OF ANALYSIS OF THE CROPS

Having information of these characteristics allows us to identify the different types of
crops and the shape , size and location of the area in which they are sown.
The SIAP generates information based on geospatial intelligence

methods and instruments to identify how much and where grain
maize, beans, sorghum grain and wheat grain are planted in the Urban area
Plot
national territory. The analyzes are carried out for the Spring-Summer
and Autumn-Winter cycles with a disaggregation1 at the level of
Property
properties2 or plots3.
Sowed surface
Sombrerete, Zacatecas
Using satellite images and field work, the sowed area is Beans Wheat Maize
estimated when the crop is in the phenological stage of
flowering or fruiting. When is the surface estimation made?
Sowed surface in the U.S.A.

2018 agricultural year
In 2018 of the 24.6 million
hectares of farmable areas in
Mexico, 44% were sown with
The Northwest
maize grain, beans, sorghum region represented
11.4% of the sowed
grain or wheat grain. areas. Crop growth stages
Reproductive stage
Wheat 0.5 million

The Northeast represented
Sorghum 1.3 million 24.1% of the sowed areas.
The satellite imagery and the
Beans 1.6 million start of the field work are
Maize 7.4 millones
7.4 million programmed at this stage of
the crops. In this sense, up to
Northwest region Northeast region
9,000 plots are georeferenced4
40% 50%
60%
40% 50%
60% for each agricultural cycle.
30% 49% 70% 30% 70%
32%
20% 20% 80%
80%
25% 28%
38%
90% 10% 90%
10%
11% 15%
2%
0% 100% 0% 100% In 2018, more
Maize
Wheat
Sorghum
Beans
Maize
Wheat
Sorghum
Beans
than 17,000 The South-Southeast

represented 22.7% of
plots were the national sowed
Central-west Central region South-southeast georeferenced.
surface.
region region
Nationally, this region
40% 50% 50% 40% 50%
60% 40% 60% 60% planted 22.6% of these
30% 70% 30% 70% 30% 70% crops in its lands.
20% 80% 20% 80% 20% 80%

74%
BELIZE
10% 90% 10% 90% 10% 0.01% 90% The Central
12% region planted
9% 91% 8% 89%
5% 3% 19.2%
100%
1% 3% 5% 100%
0% 0% 100% 0%
Maize
Wheat
Sorghum
Beans
Maize
Wheat
Sorghum
Beans
Maize
Wheat
Sorghum
Beans
GUATEMALA
Methodology 1 2 3
Spectral signature5
1 Satellite monitoring: with the use of satellite
images and statistical data on planting Develop inter-
progress, on-field verification is planned. institutional research
Uses of the projects.
2 Fieldwork: SIAP technicians trained in the use of
GPS equipment visit sowed fields to gather sowed Disseminate information
with international
georeferenced information on crops. surface organizations of this sector.
estimation Advice to national and
international bodies.
3 Procesamiento de la información: based on information
fieldwork and satellite analysis, crop coverage Restructure programs
aimed at producers.
statistics are generated.
It is defined as the minimum measurable and visible unit in a satellite image of the objectives on the earth's surface. Assign coordinate systems (X, Y, Z) to an object or set to be located on the ground.
Set of plots with the same or different crop, shape and size. These usually belong to the same producer. It is the behavior of light when reflected from an object on the earth's surface in the different portions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
For the present document, a parcel means one unit which is homogeneous in crop, shape, size and agricultural surface.
17
18
Agricultural Subsector
19
Production volume
Tequila
2009-2018
National production volume per state
(thousand tonnes) Volume Variation (%)
Agave
Rank State Region
(tonnes) 2017-2018
National total 1,439,717 -4.1
1 Jalisco Center-West 1,096,296 -2.7

Average 2 Guanajuato Center-West 221,684 -13.6
3 Nayarit Northwest 48,193 36.1
4 Michoacán Center-West 23,868 -34.3
5 Zacatecas Northeast 21,732 33.5
6 México Center 12,858 12.6
7 Veracruz South-Southeast 9,820 NA
8 Guerrero Center 3,285 296.7
9 Sinaloa Northwest 1,800 -36.6

10 Morelos Center 182 2.2
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Percentage of the production value by state

In 2018, an additional 8,366 hectares
were sowed with Tequila Agave. The lower availability of Tequila
However, for the second year in a Agave projected a significant
row, the harvest was lower than the increase in the sales price of the
historical average. producers, which meant revenues
of 17.896 billion MXN for Jalisco, the
Annual per capita national leader in this crop.
consumption
of tequila
Guanajuato
10.9
Nayarit
2.9
Jalisco
801 ml 82.4
Share in the national 2018 Indicators

production of Surface Volume Value Yield
Average
rural price
agroindustrials
Sown Lost Harvested
Thousand Million Tonnes MXN
tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne
2.3%
Thousand hectares
95 NA 17 1,440 21,725 82.8 15,090

Annual
2017-2018
9.6 NA -0.6 -4.1 53.9 -3.5 60.5
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
-4.8 NA 6.4 5.9 42.6 -0.4 34.6
Increase Decrease Does not apply
National monthly production (%)

The jima or harvest of the agave piña is done throughout the year, although the maximum volume is obtained in November and December.
January February March April May June July August September October November December
3.8 10.0 8.8 7.8 5.5 4.2 4.2 7.8 5.7 9.8 12.1 20.3
Increased availability Medium availability Little or no availability
20
Tequila
2018 Tequila foreign trade

Mexican tequila represents 32.9% of the world’s exports value of distilled alcoholic
beverages for human consumption, derived from the sale of just over 208 million
liters to more than 98 countries.
Blue Agave tequilana Weber
Commercial origin-destination
The United States of America is the main destination country of agave distillate, Description
with 164.6 million liters in 2018. The United Kingdom is the second largest buyer, It is a perennial plant from arid areas. They are bushy plants, distinguished by their long,
narrow and rigid blue fronds or pencas—which are the leaf stems. In the center of the
acquiring around 4.365 million liters per year.
heart or piña (meaning “pineapple”), a natural juice is accumulated, which is high
in fructose and vitamins, as well as fatty particles that provide its distinct taste and
smell.
Main buyer
1,288,881,112 * Product
- United States It has the shape of a pineapple, from which the pencas stem, sometimes
* USD ending in sharp points. The heart or piña of the agave is the usable part.
In order to obtain tequila, six processes are carried out: the cutting or
jima, cooking the piñas, crushing, fermentation, distillation and
Buyers In the world, the U.S. market acquires the aging.
(exports from Mexico)
largest amount of “traditional” alcoholic
- Germany - Colombia
- United - Latvia distillates from abroad—including
Kingdom - France Tequila, with its volume representing
- Japan - Australia 90.2% of the total imports.
- Spain - South
- Canada Africa
Foreign trade evolution

(million USD) Trade flow
2017-2018 Variation (%)
1,582
Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports
1,340 Volume
1,203
thousand 0 208,674 208,674 NA 10.7
1,172 1,187
liters
997
Value
831 859 million 0 1,582 1,582 NA 18.0
748 USD
NA Does not apply Increase
617
It is said that Tequila is a

Imports mestizo drink, since it uses
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exports a technique native to the
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 European continent to
transform the maguey, a
characteristic plant of America.
Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Imports 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Exports 7.6 7.5 8.6 9.0 9.2 8.5 7.3 8.3 8.8 9.9 7.8 7.5
21
2009-2018 Top 10 in production volume
National production volume Main states
Avocado (thousand tonnes)

Rank State Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018
National total 2,184,663 7.6
1 Michoacán Center-West 1,674,855 7.0

Average
2 Jalisco Center-West 201,804 18.9
3 México Center 97,806 -10.1
5 Morelos Center 43,644 25.2
7 Chiapas South-Southeast 16,783 39.8
8 Puebla Center 15,215 -9.7
9 Yucatán South-Southeast 11,123 3.3

10 Oaxaca South-Southeast 9,692 6.5
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 31,332 7.5

In 2018, the avocado production
indicators were satisfactory once
again. A historical maximum was
The greatest volume of this fruit’s
reached in harvest volume, as a
production is obtained in the fields of
direct result of a greater
Michoacán. In 2018, its sale represented
harvested area.
an economic impact of 20.542 billion
MXN for the farmers of Michoacán.
Annual per capita

consumption
Estado de
México
4.1
Jalisco
7.3
7.9 kg Michoacán
82.1
2018 Indicators
Share in the national Average
production of fruits Surface Volume Value Yield
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
9.4%
Thousand hectares
232 NA 206 2,185 41,908 10.6 19,183

Annual
2017-2018
6.0 NA 9.4 7.6 5.5 -1.6 -1.9
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
6.7 NA 6.1 6.6 12.0 0.5 5.1

The different flowering season in the states with the largest avocado areas (Michoacán and Jalisco) determine the maximum harvest peaks during the year.
5.6 8.7 9.2 7.3 8.5 8.6 7.9 8.9 8.1 8.9 9.1 9.2
Medium availability
22
World ranking
1 st
The harvested volume of this
emblematic Mexican crop allows
Avocado
the country to stand out as the main
world avocado producer in the world.
producer Mexico
2,184,663 Dominican Republic is the second

international producer of this fruit. Its
tonnes harvest contributes 10.8% to the
world total.
2018 Foreign trade

In 2018, the avocado producing nations together exported 2.433 million tonnes.
In that trade flow, the contribution of Mexico is 44.9%, thereby continuing to lead
the international supply of this agricultural good.
Commercial origin-destination Persea americana Mill

The upward pace in the demand for avocado in the consuming countries affects
so that a greater amount of the Mexican crop is destined for the external market. Description
The avocado tree is leafy and evergreen. Its flowers are perfect, in clusters, and each
This national fruit was commercialized with 46 countries. one blooms at two different and separate moments: that is, the female and male
organs are functional at different times, which prevents self-pollination. The flowers
Main buyer Suppliers Importers bloom first as female, then close for a period of time and then open as male in their
(Mexican imports) second blooming. Each tree can produce up to one million flowers, of which 0.1% is
2,112,434,940* and exporters
transformed into fruit.
- United States - Peru
- United States
- United States
* USD - United
- Dominican Republic Product
Kingdom
- United Kingdom The fruit is a berry with an oval seed, with a smooth or rough surface,
Buyers weighting between 120 and 500 g. It is greenish in color and can have
thin or thick skin. When ripe, the pulp has a consistency similar
- Canada - Honduras Mexico exports not only fresh avocado, but also to hard butter and its taste is slightly reminiscent of nuts. It is
- Japan - El Salvador derived processed products, mainly “guacamole” and rich in proteins and fats, with an oil content
- Netherlands - United of 10 to 20 percent.
pulp, with foreign sales of just over 78,000 and 23,000
- China Kingdom
- Spain - Hong Kong
tonnes, respectively. This broadens the geographic
- France horizon of the market in other continents.
Foreign Trade Evolution

(million USD) 2,961
Trade flow
2,744
2017-2018 Variation (%)
2,317
Volume
497 1,196,837 1,196,340 -54.8 19.3
tonnes
1,920
Value
1,623 million 1.4 2,744 2,742.6 -50.3 -7.3
USD
1,270 Increase Decrease
1,010
951
760
666
Imports An average of 14 laborers

0.00002 4.3 3.3 0.1 2.3 0.1 0 1.3 2.9 1.4 Exports are required for the
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 management of one hectare
planted with Hass avocado.
Imports 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.5 16.8 71.5 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Exports 10.2 8.6 9.9 9.2 8.4 6.7 6.9 6.5 6.7 8.9 7.2 10.8
23
Sesame National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018
National total 57,256 4.4
1 Sinaloa Northwest 23,896 13.7

Average
2 Guerrero Center 14,148 -1.8
6 Veracruz South-Southeast 763 6.2
7 Jalisco Center-West 522 -18.4
8 Sonora Northwest 232 -61.9
9 Tamaulipas Northeast 200 63.6

10 Puebla Center 100 11.2
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 67 -41.7

The farmers from Sinaloa sow the
largest surface for the cultivation of
sesame, and even when in 2018 they Four out of every ten Mexican
presented some lost surface, the pesos generated by the sale
obtained yield made it possible for the of this seed correspond to the
annual national production to rebound. leader: Sinaloa, a state in which
producers obtained an average
Annual per capita of 18,648 MXN per tonne
during 2018.
consumption
Sinaloa
42.6
Oaxaca
11.3
0.7 kg
Guerrero
25.4

production of oilseeds Average
Surface Volume Value Yield
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
10.6%
Thousand hectares
81 2 79 57 1,045 0.7 18,258

Annual
2017-2018
3.7 16.8 3.4 4.4 18.5 1.0 13.5
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
2.4 -18.0 4.7 8.0 13.2 3.2 4.7
Increase Decrease

In Mexico, most of the production cycle of this oilseed takes place in the spring-summer cycle, with maximum harvests between November and January.
19.3 3.9 1.9 2.8 1.2 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.1 2.5 36.1 30.5
March April May June July August September October November Medium
Increased availability
December
availability
24
World ranking
Sesame
14
In the world production of this oilseed, the
th country contributes with one out of every
100 tonnes obtained.
world
producer Mexico
With a production that represents 14.6% of the
57,256 world’s total, Tanzania is the main sesame

seed farmer.
tonnes
2018 Foreign trade

The volume of this seed imported by our country, shows an interannual upturn of 13,190
tonnes. Also, the favorable behavior of the national production sustained an increase of
2.88 tonnes in what Mexico offers abroad.
There are 13 nations from which imported sesame seeds come from. The following Sesamum indicum L.
stand out for their volume: The United States with 10,437 and Paraguay with
8,697 tonnes.
On the other hand, there are 35 destinations for the export of this Mexican product, Description
It is a herbaceous plant with many roots, angled and branched stems, which is
mainly the United States and the Netherlands, with around 2,500 tonnes each. also known as benniseed. Its average height varies between 60 and 130 cm. With
opposite leaves, it has white, reddish or yellow flowers. It shows some resistance
to droughts and a high relative humidity is unfavorable for its growth.
Main buyer Suppliers
(Mexican imports)
6,129,346* Product
- United States - United States - Argentina
The fruit is a capsule that stores a large number of tiny seeds. From
- Paraguay - Ethiopia them, edible oil that has a pleasant taste is extracted. The seeds
* USD
- India - Nicaragua measure 1.5 to 3.0 mm in length. They are oval, flattened
Buyers - Nigeria - Sudan Three Asian countries lead and smooth.
(exports from Mexico) - Venezuela - Bolivia the foreign purchases of this
- Netherlands - Argentina oilseed: China, Japan and
- Japan - South Korea Importers and Exporters Turkey, with 828,000 tonnes,
- Brazil - United
- United States 157,000 and 152,000 tonnes
- Russia Kingdom - Argentina
- Australia - Egypt - Taiwan per year, respectively.
- Singapore

2017-2018 Variation (%)
53.6
Volume
42,098 12,249 -29,848 45.6 20.4
tonnes
36.4 Value
million 53.6 29.0 -24.6 86.2 38.1
28.8 29.0 USD
24.9 25.6 26.1 25.5 Increase
23.7
21.3 22.5 22.3 22.7 22.1
21.0
19.5
17.2 16.4
14.0 14.7
Considered to have originated in Ethiopia

Imports (Africa), it found its regions of secondary
Exports diversification in India, Japan and China.
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 After the discovery of America, it was
brought to Mexico and then to Central
American countries with warm climates in
Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) tropical areas.
Imports 5.0 4.5 7.5 5.8 7.2 14.4 14.7 17.5 6.3 8.4 3.6 5.1
Exports 9.1 6.9 8.4 10.0 9.8 7.0 9.8 9.3 9.0 8.3 6.7 5.7
25
Green
(thousand tonnes)
alfalfa
State Volume Variation (%)
Rank Region
(tonnes) 2017-2018
Average 1 Chihuahua Northeast 7,796,728 1.9
2 Hidalgo Center 4,536,827 -1.5
3 Guanajuato Center-West 3,641,971 1.9
4 Durango Northeast 2,707,501 1.4
5 Baja California Northwest 2,623,394 5.5
6 Sonora Northwest 1,949,541 1.2
7 San Luis Potosí Center-West 1,853,820 -0.6
8 Coahuila Northeast 1,622,810 -4.5
9 Puebla Center 1,549,308 3.2

10 Zacatecas Northeast 1,379,081 5.9
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 4,050,865 -10.0

Among the Mexican crops that are
destined as livestock feed, alfalfa
is the second most important in
Chihuahua Chihuahua leads the cultivation
23.4
harvested volume, which is close to of this grassy plant in Mexico—
33.9 million tonnes per year. the sales revenue for the 2018
harvest of the state amounted to
4.336 billion MXN.
Guanajuato
Durango 13.2
9.6
2018 Indicators
production of fodders Surface Volume Value Yield
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
27.6%
Thousand hectares
387 NA 386 33,712 18,522 87.3 549

Annual
2017-2018
0.4 NA 0.2 -0.2 9.7 -0.5 10.0
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
0.04 NA 0.1 1.5 6.4 1.4 4.9

In our country, alfalfa cultivation has its largest harvests between April and September.
3.7 5.7 7.6 10.7 11.7 12.0 11.5 11.3 10.5 5.0 5.5 4.8
26
Green
alfalfa
2018 Foreign trade

Favorable conditions in the harvest of this grass in Mexico allowed a
significant annual rebound in exports, going from 38,310 to 113,535 tonnes.
The foreign sales of this fodder plant reached places as distant as the United
Arab Emirates (15,240 tonnes) and Japan (249), although the largest portion
was sold to our neighboring country to the North (98,000 tons). Medicago sativa L.
Description
It is a perennial plant that reaches up to 1 m in height. It belongs to the legume family.
Because it can root at great depths, it does not require nitrogen fertilization since it
is a plant that fixes this element; it can reach any nutrient reserve and withstand
Main buyer Suppliers extreme droughts. It has a life cycle of between 4 and 10 years, depending on the
(Mexican imports) variety used.
18,560,550*
- United States - United States
- France
* USD Japan is the largest Product
- Spain Its stems are thin and erect, with small, bright, green trifoliate leaves.
international buyer
The margins are smooth and the upper edges slightly jagged,
Buyers of alfalfa—it acquires with blue or purple flowers. It is a forage high in protein and
(exports from Mexico) Importer and Exporter approximately 2.1 energetic value, also rich in fiber, vitamins and minerals.
- United Arab Emirates That is why it is highly used as cattle feed (mainly for
- United States million tonnes bovines and sheep).
- Japan
every year.
- Costa Rica

2017-2018 Variation (%)
22.2 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports
Volume
120 113,535 113,415 -97.3 196
tonnes
15.4
Value
million 0.08 22.2 22.1 -79.5 90.0
USD
12.4
11.5 11.9 11.7 Increase Decrease
6.9
6.4
1.631 Imports It is a species that requires

0.975 9
0.3 0.19 0.2 0.164 0.008 0.01 0.152
.1 0.105 0.3893 0.08 Exports low humidity and well drained
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 neutral to alkaline soils. It does
not tolerate humid climates
with high temperatures
Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) (tropical and subtropical)
and acid soils.
Imports 18.5 0.1 17.5 0.0 0.0 18.4 0.1 32.2 0.1 13.0 0.1 0.0
Exports 0.4 0.8 3.1 4.3 12.1 18.4 19.7 14.4 9.4 6.8 7.5 3.1
27
2009-2018 Production volume
Cottonseed (thousand tonnes)

Rank State Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018
1 Chihuahua Northeast 802,754 13.3
Average 2 Baja California Northwest 179,833 23.9

3 Coahuila Northeast 92,423 12.8
4 Tamaulipas Northeast 37,135 15.3
5 Sonora Northwest 36,497 30.4
6 Durango Northeast 13,961 3.7
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

The producing area of this agro-
industrial crop is distributed across Chihuahua
six states, with Chihuahua standing 71.6 Cotton farmers from Chihuahua
out for hosting the majority. In 2018, Coahuila
obtained 10,343 MXN for
that state registered 166,000 hectares,
Baja California 6.2 the sale of each tonne of
13.2
which means 21,000 more than the cottonseed, which resulted in
previous year. an income of 12.432 billion MXN.

production of Average
agroindustrials Surface Volume Value Yield
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
1.8%
Thousand hectares
241 0.4 241 1,163 14,454 4.8 12,432

Annual
2017-2018
13.7 346.8 13.5 15.2 16.9 1.5 1.5
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
14.3 8.9 14.3 17.2 25.5 2.5 7.0
Increase

The cotton production cycle covers more than 120 days. The optimal harvesting conditions in the cultivation areas are during periods with no rain.
14.2 1.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 1.8 1.7 7.0 28.5 45.2
28
World ranking
Cottonseed
9
Of the global production volume of cottonseed,
th 1.4% is obtained from Mexican fields.
world Important harvests of this crop position India

producer Mexico
as the leading producer of this
1,162,603 agro-industrial good.
tonnes
2018 Foreign trade

The extraordinary recovery in the cotton harvest of the last two years in Mexico
fostered a decrease in the seed volume acquired from abroad, which represents
10.8% of the national consumption.
Gossypium hirsutum L.
Practically all of the imported amount of this good is purchased from U.S.
farmers: 138,484 tonnes with a commercial value of 44.671 million USD.
Description
This plant has an erect stem with regular branching. Its leaves are large and petiolate,
of an intense green, with lobed margins; they are also equipped with bracts. The
flowers are dialectic, large, single and pendulous. Its corolla is formed by a set
of stamens that surround the pistil. Some flowers open before fertilization,
Main buyer Suppliers With foreign
producing hybrid seeds.
1,386,190*
(Mexican imports) purchases of more
- United States - United States than 100,000 tonnes
- Belgium Product
* USD
- Argentina
per year, South The fruit is an ovoid-shaped capsule with 3 to 5 carpels that have 6
- Spain Korea, Mexico, Italy, to 10 seeds each. It is green during development and dark
in the ripening process. The epidermal cells of the seeds
China, Mali and constitute the fiber called cotton.
Importer and Exporter
Saudi Arabia are the
- United States
largest importers of
cottonseed.

(million USD)
Trade flow
2017-2018 Variation (%)
48.6
44.7
42.9 Volume
138,484 6,287 -132,198 -7.0 107
40.2 tonnes
35.6
Value
30.9 million 44.7 1.386 -43.285 44.6 56.0
28.4 27.2 USD
24.6 Increase Decrease
7.0
4.013 Imports
4. 0.896 3,145
1.386 It is estimated that around 350
0.1 0.010 0.044 0.493 0. 0.522 2. 0.983 1. 0.888 Exports million people worldwide carry
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 out economic activities related to
cotton; it is one of the twenty most
important raw materials in the world
Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) market in terms of its value.
Imports 5.3 6.2 6.8 8.2 6.5 6.3 8.6 16.6 13.5 10.6 7.0 4.4
Exports 18.5 27.6 27.5 22.5 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 2.6
29
Amaranth National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
per state
Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018
1 Puebla Center 5,125 84.3

2 Tlaxcala Center 999 -10.6
Average 3 México Center 707 -18.9
4 Mexico City Center 152 8.8
5 Oaxaca South-Southeast 125 15.6
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

In 2018, a larger sowed area and
better harvest yields allowed for
a production of this grain that Puebla contributes 45.8%
exceeds by 41.6% that of the of the national amaranth
previous year. production value, although
in volume its contribution is
greater: 72 percent.
Annual per capita
consumption
Tlaxcala
28.9
Puebla
45.8
6.0 g
Estado
de México
14.6
2018 Indicators
production of grains Surface Volume Value Yield
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
0.1%
Thousand hectares tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne
4 0 4 7 50 2.0 6,971
Annual
2017-2018
11.3 NA 11.3 41.6 7.8 27.2 -23.9
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
-0.4 -100.0 2.0 5.2 3.6 3.2 -1.6

The largest volume of this grain is obtained in December: 3,000 tonnes on average.
14.1 3.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 13.1 23.8 45.6
Increased availability Little or no availability
30
Amaranth
2018 Foreign trade

Even though different countries demand this seed, the volume that is destined
to foreign sales is not very significant. Only 1.6% of the amaranth produced in
Mexico is exported.
This Mexican grain is traded with 9 nations, including the United States and Amaranthus L.
Chile; the volume acquired between the two represents 97% of the total.
Description
It is an annual crop plant, which can reach 0.5 to 3 meters high. It has wide leaves and
Main buyer Suppliers produces significant amounts of edible grain, so it is known as a pseudocereal. With
(Mexican imports) brightly colored leaves and violet, orange, red and golden flowers, the panicles
134,381* resemble those of sorghum, with an average length of 50 to 100 cm.
- United States - Costa Rica
* USD
- United States
- Peru Product
- India Seeds, although barely larger than mustard seeds (0.9 to 1.7 mm in
Buyers
diameter), are produced in large quantities. They represent the main
It is estimated that product of the amaranth plant, from which cereals, flours and
- Chile Importers and Exporters sweets are made. In 1985, it was cultivated in space during
- Costa Rica - Costa Rica
about half of the world the orbital flight of the Atlantis, where it germinated and
- Canada - United States amaranth exports is flourished.
- Japan acquired by Germany.
- United Arab Emirates
- Germany
- Russia
- Egypt

(thousand USD) Trade flow
241
222 2017-2018 Variation (%)

209
Volume
22 111 89 21.2 70.7
tonnes
Value
132.2 thousand 209 222 13 311 -7.8
USD
Increase Decrease
87.1 86.1 89 88.2
50.9
39.7
30 29.6
The amaranth grain is a popular
19.9 Imports snack of pre-Hispanic origin. In
0 2.1 0 2.6 0.4 0 0.3 Exports Mexico, it is often sold mixed with
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 chocolate or puffed rice, and its use
has spread to Europe and some areas
of North America.
Imports 4.1 4.0 10.6 6.7 4.9 9.2 12.0 19.8 12.1 4.1 8.4 4.1
Exports 20.0 3.6 9.4 21.1 20.3 3.6 7.9 1.7 3.2 2.5 3.7 3.0
31
Blueberry National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
per state
Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018

Average 4 Baja California Northwest 3,188 -5.7
5 Colima Center-West 2,688 1.9
7 Guanajuato Center-West 299 5,062
8 Sonora Northwest 96 33.3
9 México Center 88 -39.3

10 Nayarit Northwest 40 NA
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Blueberry cultivation in Mexico
continues to project favorable
results. In 2018, Nayarit joined the list Jalisco heads the cultivation of this
of states with production. Baja California berry; it ranks first in sowed surface and
19.2
economic value. The state received 708
million MXN during 2018 for the sale of
this fruit.
Annual per capita
consumption
Jalisco
33.6
60 g Michoacán
25.0
2018 Indicators
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
0.2%
Thousand hectares
4 NA 4 40 2,107 11.1 52,344

Annual
2017-2018
4.0 NA 8.3 9.7 -2.0 1.3 -10.7
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
39.0 NA 38.7 43.1 79.8 3.2 25.6

There are two moments of maximum blueberry availability: June and December.
4.4 7.4 6.1 6.0 7.7 18.9 4.5 6.8 2.4 4.4 9.6 21.8
32
World ranking
Blueberry
4
Mexican fruit growers innovate the production
th techniques for this crop, which is why the
country contributes 6.1% of the international
world availability of blueberries.
producer Mexico
40,251 The blueberry production potential of the

United States allows it to generate 39.6% of the
tonnes more than 596,000 tonnes that are harvested
in the world.
2018 Foreign trade

Mexico is among the largest producers and exporters of berries in the world.
In 2018, the country exported 451,000 tonnes—blueberries represent
8 percent.
Vaccinium spp
The country's exportable supply is based on blue berries, which are present at
consumers’ tables in 32 countries.
Description
It is a deciduous shrub of 20 to 60 cm in height, mainly grown for its fruit.It
Main buyer Suppliers belongs to the ericaceae family and is highly prized in the countries of the
(Mexican imports) northern hemisphere, mainly the United States.
288,045,235*
- United States - United States - France
- Canada - China Product
* USD
- Chile - New Zealand It is a spherical berry that measures 1 to 2 cm in diameter, from intense
- Turkey - Spain to light blue—hence the blueberry name. Its epidermis is covered
Buyers - Puerto Rico - Germany by an important and very characteristic wax that, together with
(exports from Mexico) its consistency, makes the post-harvest durability much
- Japan Emirates greater than that of other berries, such as raspberry or
- Hong Kong - Netherlands blackcurrant.
Importers and Exporters Mexico occupies the 8th
- Canada - Saudi Arabia
- Italy
- United States - Germany place in blueberry exports;
- Belgium - Canada - China
- Singapore - United the effort to expand the sales
- Spain - France
- United Arab Kingdom - Colombia markets should focus mainly
on Germany, the United Kingdom
and the Netherlands.

2017-2018 Variation (%)
306 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports

231
Volume
2,693 36,009 33,315 69.9 37.9
tonnes
Value
188 million 10.1 306 296.3 95.5 32.7
USD
Increase
121
85
42
35 Imports Blueberries are eaten fresh or used
11.2 8 11.2 16 10.3 10.1 9
6.0 2 5.9 9.6 7.4
.1 5.3 5.2 3 Exports as an input for a large number of
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 products such as jams, purées,
juices, wines, pastries and cereals.

Imports 5.6 6.7 7.6 6.5 5.4 8.5 9.2 11.9 6.4 11.0 7.7 13.5
Exports 8.4 8.9 14.9 22.5 14.0 3.8 1.0 0.4 1.6 4.8 8.0 11.7
33
Paddy rice National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018
Average 1 Campeche South-Southeast 88,659 26.0
3 Michoacán Center-West 31,411 4.8
4 Veracruz South-Southeast 24,653 -11.4
5 Colima Center-West 17,675 -6.7
6 Jalisco Center-West 10,593 -21.3
7 Tamaulipas Northeast 10,339 -5.3
8 Morelos Center 9,738 -25.5
9 Tabasco South-Southeast 9,088 -21.0

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 980 -28.5

The two states that harvest the largest
quantities of this cereal grain are
Campeche and Nayarit. In both, the
In 2018, Campeche recorded a higher
farmers obtained a larger volume due
sale price per tonne of rice: 4,535 MXN.
to the incorporation of more hectares
Its contribution was higher than the
for planting.
national average, which made it the
state with the highest income (402
million MXN).
Annual per capita
consumption
Nayarit
26.8
8.7 kg Michoacán
10.8
Campeche
31.6
2018 Indicators
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
0.9%
Thousand hectares
45 NA 45 284 1,272 6.3 4,482

Annual
2017-2018
7.7 NA 8.6 6.9 16.3 -1.6 8.8
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
-3.2 NA -2.0 0.8 3.8 2.9 3.0

The harvests of Nayarit and Campeche determine the greater availability of rice in June, while in November, it is provided by Michoacán and Veracruz.
3.9 2.5 1.9 2.0 1.8 14.0 3.8 7.1 7.7 8.4 32.3 14.6
34
Polished
World ranking
Mexican farmers could obtain higher cereal
60th
world
volumes with improvements in cultivation
techniques, which would allow them to
advance at a global level.
rice
producer Mexico
283,763 In China, rice is the second most important crop

because of the production volume, making the
tonnes country an international leader in the harvest of
this grain.
2018 Foreign trade

The recovery of rice production in Mexico in 2018 allowed a 14.9% decrease in
grain imports, and in contrast, a 23.4% increase in its exports.
The largest volume of this cereal acquired by Mexico from abroad comes from
Oryza sativa L.
the United States, with around 765,000 tonnes. 97.1% of the amount exported by
the country is destined for Venezuela.
Description
The stem is formed of alternating nodes and internodes, cylindrical in shape from
60 to 120 cm in length; the leaves are alternate, sheathing; the flowers are whitish
green, arranged in spikelets, whose set constitutes a large, narrow and hanging
Main buyer Suppliers terminal panicle after flowering.
(Mexican imports)
70,574,517*
- Venezuela - United States
- Uruguay Product
* USD
- Guyana The grain of rice is a mature ovary, which is known as paddy rice. The
- Thailand shelled grain (karypside) with a brownish pericarp is known as
polished rice. It is a cereal rich in carbohydrates and does not
Buyers - Argentina During 2018, the contain cholesterol.
(exports from Mexico) - Paraguay
world imports
- United States - British Virgin - India
- Panama Islands - Italy of this cereal reached 48.528
- Germany - Guatemala - Vietnam million tonnes.
- Cuba - Canada From them, those of
- Belize - Honduras Importer and Exporter Mozambique (4.102 million)
- China - United States and China (3.029 million) are
significant.

2017-2018 Variation (%)
423
387
370
360 358 Volume
336 1,005,864 108,775 -897,089 -14.9 23.4
tonnes
316 314
310
Value
million 370 73.3 -296.9 -6.3 42.2
USD
Increase Decrease
73.3
51.6
Imports Rice is produced in 113
4. 3.3 1.6 2. 2.0 2. countries; it is a staple food for
0.1
3.9 3.5 1.7 0. 5.3 2.3 4.4 1. Exports
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 more than half of the world's
population.

Imports 5.8 8.9 7.2 7.8 10.2 12.9 6.5 5.0 6.9 11.6 7.9 9.3
Exports 6.4 5.9 12.2 17.1 12.8 7.9 10.1 4.1 7.3 7.0 6.1 3.1
35
Fodder oats (thousand tonnes)

Rank State Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018
Average National total 10,400,873 7.4
1 Chihuahua Northeast 2,877,105 26.0

2 Durango Northeast 1,786,386 -4.7
3 Zacatecas Northeast 1,085,784 -2.5
4 México Center 1,074,193 7.1
6 Hidalgo Center 495,432 5.3
8 Guanajuato Center-West 362,200 -3.6

10 Baja California Northwest 213,425 18.8
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 1,145,590 10.3
With harvest volumes exceeding

Chihuahua
one million tonnes per year; 25.1
Chihuahua, Durango, Zacatecas In 2018, the sale of oats
and Estado de México, lead the reached a value of 10.401 billion
production of this fodder. MXN; a quarter of that income
corresponds to farmers from
Chihuahua.
Durango
17.1
Zacatecas
10.7
2018 Indicators
production of fodders rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
8.5%
Thousand hectares
653 8 645 10,401 5,697 16.1 548

Annual
2017-2018
3.5 50.8 3.1 7.4 11.0 4.2 3.3
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
-3.0 -24.0 -1.9 -0.2 5.2 1.7 5.4
Increase Decrease

The largest amount of this agricultural good is available during the last quarter of the year; the greatest quantity is obtained in November.
5.3 4.8 5.5 8.9 6.0 3.0 0.7 0.8 1.4 14.3 32.8 16.5
36
Fodder oats
2018 Foreign trade

Mexico’s international trade flow for this product is not significant, which is
conditioned by the high internal demand as an input in the production carried
out by livestock farmers from the states in the north of the country.
Avena sativa L.
The trade of this Mexican forage is limited to the United States and Canada; the
latter country being the largest exporter of oats in the world.
Description
Herbaceous plant that belongs to the grass family. It has a powerful root system, with
Main buyer Importer and Exporter abundant and deep roots; the stems are thick and straight. The leaves are flat and
95,819* - United States elongated, their limbo is narrow and long, green in several shades (they are rough
- United States to the touch); the nerves of the leaf are parallel and quite marked.
* USD
Product
The whole plant is used, including the grains. It is harvested at the
Suppliers The international supply of this fodder stage of physiological maturity with a mechanical mower or
(Mexican imports) in its fresh form is limited by the high manually before the plant is very dry. It is a magnificent forage
- United States transportation costs involved in the in particular for horses and mules, as well as for cattle
- Canada and sheep.
conservation of its humidity.

2017-2018 Variation (%)
893
Volume
231 741 510 -84.3 12.4
tonnes
Value
thousand 72 96 24 -81.6 -28.4
USD
465 Increase Decrease
450 455 449
390
243
177 173
150 155
134
111 96
66
85 79 72 Imports It was introduced in Mexico in the
4.3 3.3
0.1
18 5
0.10
2.
0 1.3 Exports second decade of the 20th century
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 by the Mennonite community in
the northern part of the country.

Imports 20.1 3.3 2.1 2.6 19 3.4 3.3 19.3 3.6 17.2 3.2 2.9
Exports 23.2 5.3 9.8 4.4 2.9 6.4 0.8 23.0 7.7 1.0 9.8 5.7
37
Oat grain National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
Volume Variation (%)
(tonnes) 2017-2018

Average 2 México Center 27,075 30.0
5 Tlaxcala Center 3,409 1,621
6 Zacatecas Northeast 2,859 -6.4
8 Nuevo León Northeast 1,145 62.3
9 Baja California Northwest 728 -70.3

10 Puebla Center 347 -10.9
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 365 5.0

The national production of this small
cereal grain shows, for the second
Chihuahua
consecutive year, a greater sowed 61.5
surface and an improvement in yields. Chihuahua is the leading national
producer with just over 28,000
hectares for the cultivation of this
agricultural good and a revenue of 315
million MXN for its sale during 2018.
Annual per capita
consumption
Estado de
México
Durango
23.6
3.4
2.6 kg
2018 Indicators
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
0.3%
Thousand hectares
52 2 50 99 513 2.0 5,161

Annual
2017-2018
20.6 7,559.7 15.2 37.7 77.3 19.5 28.7
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
-4.1 -6.8 -4.0 -3.0 2.3 1.0 5.4
Increase Decrease

The optimum maturity of the oat grains is reached when they are yellow and hard, it is at that time when the harvest is recommended.
4.6 1.1 0.0 0.0 2.4 11.6 4.4 1.2 0.5 10.7 41.5 22.0
38
World ranking
Oat grain
32
Mexican fields contribute 3 out of every 1,000
nd tonnes of this grain worldwide.
world
producer Mexico With a 21% contribution to the world oat
production, Russia is the leading producer of
99,305 this cereal.
tonnes
2018 Foreign trade

Mexico has an annual national consumption of 328,000 tonnes of this cereal,
of which 229,000 come from abroad. From this flow, classified by type of grain:
162,000 tonnes correspond to whole grain, 15,000 to rolled grain and 53,000
are shelled.
Avena sativa L.
Among the countries that supply this cereal to Mexico, Canada's contribution
stands out, with a volume of 203,000 tonnes; the amounts from the United States Description
and Chile are the second and third most significant, close to 16,000 and 10,000 Annual herbaceous plant, autogamous, belonging to the grass family. It has a strong
tonnes, respectively. root system, with more abundant and deeper roots than those of other cereals. The
stems are thick and straight, they can reach between 0.5 and 100 cm in height.
The leaves are flat and elongated. The inflorescence is panicle and is a cluster of
spikelets of two or three flowers, located on long peduncles.
(Mexican imports)
281,262 * The world volume
- United States - Canada
- United States of imports of this Product
* USD The fruit is a karyopid with the chaff attached, it is long and pointed.
- Chile agricultural product
- Australia Its main component is starch; it is also rich in vitamins B1, B6 and
- Spain
amounts to 4.368 E, and minerals such as potassium, phosphorus, calcium and
Buyers magnesium. The digestible protein content of the grain is
(exports from Mexico) - United Kingdom million tonnes, of which
greater than that of corn and other cereals.
- Canada - Venezuela - Colombia 1.8 million correspond
- Guatemala - Belize to the United States, the
- Cuba - Panama Importers and Exporters largest importing country.
- Costa Rica - Honduras - Canada Mexico is the fourth largest
- United States
international buyer.

(million USD)
Trade flow
2017-2018 Variation (%)

64.7
Volume
60 229,207 335 -228,872 16.2 61.4
tonnes
53.0
Value
46.1 million 68.6 0.350 -68.232 14.4 37.7
42.9 USD
40.2
Increase
27.9
25.1
13.7
Imports Oatmeal is a cereal that contains

4. 3.3 2. 0.145
0.1 0.009 0.004 0.004 0.051 0. 0.487 0.068 0.334 1. 0.254 0.350 Exports more protein than corn, rice or
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 wheat.

Imports 25.1 1.6 0.8 0.4 22.9 1.2 0.5 23.6 1.2 20.9 0.9 0.9
Exports 68.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 1.8 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 1.2 26.9
39
Eggplant National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
per state
Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018
National total 179,656 -2.8

Average 2 Yucatán South-Southeast 4,742 66.0
5 Michoacán Center-West 338 -48.0
6 Baja California Sur Northwest 188 -68.8
7 Baja California Northwest 120 23.7
9 Morelos Center 94 -27.5

10 Aguascalientes Center-West 55 NA
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

The sowed surface of the main Sonora
1.5
producing state of this crop presented
Eggplant horticulturists from six
an annual decrease of 4.2% in 2018,
states obtained higher prices for the
which did not inhibit the exported
sale of their crops. The second best
volume during said year.
price was for Sinaloa, who has the
largest revenue for the sale of this
vegetable: 329 million MXN.
Annual per capita
consumption
Yucatán
1.3
Sinaloa
95.9
0.8 kg
2018 Indicators
production of vegetables Surface Volume Value Yield
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
1.1%
Thousand hectares
2 0.003 2 180 1,387 77.1 7,718

Annual
2017-2018
-8.4 NA -8.5 -2.8 0.04 6.2 2.9
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
8.0 NA 8.0 16.4 21.9 7.8 4.7

The harvest of this vegetable is significant during April with slightly over 28,000 tonnes on average.
11.2 19.8 9.5 22.2 15.1 11.2 2.3 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.6 6.8
40
World ranking
Eggplant
11
In eggplant crops, the country stands out
th for obtaining the highest yields among
the farmers of this fruit in the world.
world
producer Mexico
About two thirds of the solanum
179,656 melongena global production are

obtained from Chinese fields.
tonnes
2018 Foreign trade

The rise of Mexican exports of this product continues, in 2018 the volume and
income totaled 78,798 tonnes and 31.3 million USD.
Mexico supplies eggplants to consumers from 10 nations, including the United
States and Germany, who are the second and third largest buyer countries Solanum melongena L.
of this crop.
Description
Main buyer Suppliers Importer and Exporter It is a herbaceous plant with stems that have lignified tissues giving it a shrubby
(Mexican imports) appearance. The long petiole leaves, whole, large, with spined nerves and
29,967,486* - United States
- United States undersides covered with a grayish hair, emerge alternately from the stem.
- United States
- China Some call it “the love apple”.
* USD
Product
Buyers It’s fruit is elongated, balloon-like, black or purple, and carries
(exports from Mexico) numerous brown seeds. It can measure between 15 and 25 cm,
- United - Italy Among the countries that import this with a weight of 160 to 500 grams. Considered the most
Kingdom - Spain vegetable, Iraq is listed for acquiring the exotic tropical fruit, its appearance, color, texture and
flavor have made easily recognizable—both visually
- Canada - France largest annual quantities (109,000 tonnes), and flavor-wise.
- Germany - Switzerland although Germany spends the largest amount
- Netherlands - Cuba
for its purchases (547 million USD).

2017-2018 Variation (%)
31.3
Volume
77 78,798 78,721 115 2.4
25.5 tonnes
24.2
Value
21.3
19.9 million 0.031 31.3 31,315 29.0 22.7
19.3
USD
16.7 16.6 Increase
12.6 12.5
Imports In different parts of Africa, the roots

0.029 0.354 0.015 .1 0.07 0.024 0.031
9 and fruits of the eggplant are used as a
0.036 0.05 0.015 0.054 Exports
sedative in the treatment of abdominal
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
cramps and high blood pressure.

Imports 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 19.6 2.0 32.2 2.6 2.3 40.4 0.6 0.0
Exports 16.5 15.0 17.2 14.7 9.5 3.1 1.1 1.0 0.8 1.6 7.0 12.5
41
Broccoli National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018
1 Guanajuato Center-West 420,770 15.4

Average 2 Puebla Center 51,922 10.3
4 Sonora Northwest 24,075 -35.7
6 Tlaxcala Center 17,453 21.3
7 Aguascalientes Center-West 11,381 1.9
9 Querétaro Center-West 10,054 -17.1

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 13,135 17.8

Farmers from 20 states in the Sonora
6.5
country harvest broccoli, a crop that
registered favorable results in yields Guanajuato leads the production
and sale prices during 2018. of this vegetable, with two thirds
of the revenue generated by the
sale of this agricultural product
corresponding to it.
Annual per capita
consumption
Puebla
5.8
2.1 kg Guanajuato
67.0
2018 Indicators
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested

3.8%
Thousand hectares
37 0.7 36 632 3,821 17.6 6,051

Annual
2017-2018
5.8 1,006.7 4.1 9.8 14.3 5.5 4.1
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
4.5 23.1 4.4 7.4 13.6 2.9 5.8
Increase

97.5% of broccoli originates in irrigation agriculture, which allows it to offer volumes throughout the whole year although at different levels.
2.6 5.8 13.3 15.8 7.1 6.5 4.4 10.5 11.1 9.2 9.5 4.2
42
World ranking
Broccoli
5
Of the 95 broccoli producing countries,
th Mexico occupies the fifth place with the
largest surface destined to this crop.
world
producer Mexico
From the brassica harvest, China
631,512 provides four out of every ten tonnes

available in the world.
tonnes
2018 Foreign trade

60.6% of the broccoli harvested in Mexico is destined for the foreign market.
Exports reached 382,514 tonnes during 2018.
The Mexican foreign sale of this floral peduncle is primarily destined for the
United States, which acquires 97.6% of Mexico's exportable supply.
Brassica oleracea alboglabra L.
Main buyer Suppliers Description

(Mexican imports) It is an annual vegetable, with a straight plant with a height of 60 to 90 cm
430,082,817*
- United States - Guatemala Far Eastern countries such ending in a mass of green flowers, which can reach a diameter of up to 35
- United States cm. It has branched, deep roots. The flowers are yellow and have four
* USD
- Ecuador as Japan, South Korea cross-shaped petals.
- Spain and Hong Kong acquire
- Belgium substantive quantities of this Product
Buyers - China The fruit is ash green, measuring between three and
(exports from Mexico) - Malta
crop from other countries.
four centimeters, with a defined flavor and soft
- Canada - Panama Mexico is the second largest texture. The seeds are shaped like ball
- Japan - Cuba supplier to the Japanese bearings and measure 2 to 3 mm in
- Singapore - Guyana Importer and Exporter market, whose sales diameter.
- Honduras - Belize - United States
represent 7.2 percent.

440 2017-2018 Variation (%)
406 408
390
368
352 Volume
9,384 382,514 373,130 42.0 2.0
333 tonnes
Value
267 million 9.6 440 430.3 52.2 7.7
247 USD
233
Increase
In recent years, the consumption of

this vegetable has gained popularity
due to research results that affirm
Imports
its effectiveness in the prevention
2.4 3 3.4 3.9 3.6 4.2 3.1 5.4 6.3 3 9.6 9
Exports and control of cancer, due to the
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 high content of folic acid in the
inflorescence and in the leaves.
Folic acid is listed as the number
one anticancer agent.
Imports 6.9 6.8 5.9 8.3 7.1 6.6 12.0 13.4 10.0 13.3 5.1 4.6
Exports 11.1 11.1 11.1 8.1 8.7 7.6 4.9 5.0 5.0 7.5 7.7 12.2
43
Cacao National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
(tonnes) 2017-2018
Average
1 Tabasco South-Southeast 18,327 5.1
3 Guerrero Center 254 3.6
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

As a result of the increase in crop
yields in the three cocoa producing
states, the volume harvested in the Tabasco is the main producer of
2017-2018 cycle exceeds the one of cacao pods in Mexico; with 734
the previous year by 4.1%. million MXN of the total national
value reached in 2018 for the
sale of this agricultural good
Annual per capita
corresponding to this state.
consumption
Tabasco
68.2
0.5 kg
Guerrero
0.2 Chiapas
31.6
2018 Indicators
Share in the national
production of agroindustrials Surface Volume Value Yield
Average
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
0.1%
Thousand hectares
60 NA 58 28 1,076 0.5 37,900

Annual
2017-2018
-0.5 NA -0.6 4.1 0.2 4.7 -3.7
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
-0.3 NA -0.5 2.5 4.6 3.1 2.0

To obtain adequately mature pods, cuts take place 8 to 10 days apart, and those of February are the ones in which the largest volume is collected.
9.7 14.4 6.5 5.6 8.5 7.3 7.9 11.6 0.0 7.0 10.6 10.9
44
World ranking
Cacao
13
Half a tonne out of every one hundred tonnes
th of this aromatic seed generated in the orb is
harvested in Mexican cacao fields.
world
producer Mexico
rom the agricultural fields of Ivory Coast
F
28,399 comes 39.1% of the global volume of this

agroindustrial product.
tonnes
2018 Foreign trade

After two consecutive years of decline in Mexican cacao bean production, the
harvested volume reached in 2018 influenced a decrease in the volume imported
by our country.
Slightly over half of volume of this aromatic product that Mexico imports (21,613 Theobroma cacao L.
tonnes), come from Ecuador; the contribution of Ivory Coast (9,660 tonnes) also
stands out.
Description
It is a plant with an average height of six to eight meters, lustrous leaves of up to
Main buyer Suppliers 30 cm in length and small pink flowers that form along the trunk and the oldest
(Mexican imports)
973,368 * branches. Only about thirty of the approximately 6,000 flowers that open during
- Ecuador the year become seeds; the root system is pivotal, with a primary root that
- Switzerland
- Ivory Coast grows vertically down.
* USD In 2018, the global
- Dominican Republic
- Peru imports of cocoa
Product
- Colombia totaled 4.222 Cacao seeds are found in a berry-shaped cob, 30 cm long and 10
Buyers - Ghana
million tonnes; the cm in diameter. Bitter in taste and purple or whitish in color,
- El Salvador
- France - Netherlands - Nicaragua Netherlands are they look like almonds. Cocoa is the main input for the
production of chocolate.
- United States - Canada - Panama the largest buyers,
- Belgium - Italy acquiring 1.182 million
- Japan - Colombia Importer and Exporter tonnes.
- United Kingdom - Chile - Colombia

2017-2018 Variation (%)
114.8
Volume
38,670 475 -38,194 -6.4 -54.2
tonnes
92.5
88.9 88.3 Value
million 92.5 2.0 -90.5 4.8 -27.8
72.4 USD
Increase Decrease
56.5
In western Africa, Latin America and

Imports
4.3 Southeast Asia, cacao is an important
0.01 0.1 1.5 1.9 0.01 1.1 0.2 0.9 2. 0.9 0.5 1. 2.8 2.0
0. 0.9 Exports commercial crop that provides an
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 income for more than 4.5 million
families worldwide.
Imports 3.3 5.5 5.2 9.7 10.9 8.0 14.8 7.9 4.5 9.7 9.7 10.8
Exports 26.5 2.9 2.6 5.5 5.5 21.3 24.5 2.8 0.3 2.0 1.4 4.7
45
Coffee
(thousand tonnes)
cherry
Rank State Region
(tonnes) 2017-2018

Average 2 Veracruz South-Southeast 209,769 7.9
6 Hidalgo Center 27,748 -18.1
7 San Luis Potosí Center-West 12,218 40.5

10 Nayarit Northwest 1,564 -88.9
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 1,005 18.7

During the 2017-2018 cycle,
the coffee producing areas of
the country covered 712,000
hectares distributed across
Coffee growers obtained 4.999
12 states. Coffee cherry was
billion MXN for the sale of this
harvested in 88.5% of that area.
agricultural good. Of that amount,
1.182 billion were obtained from
the harvest in Chiapas.
Annual per capita
consumption
Veracruz
26.2
0.6 kg
Puebla Chiapas
18.5 36.3
2018 Indicators
Average
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
1.4%
Thousand hectares
712 NA 630 860 4,996 1.4 5,810

Annual
2017-2018
-1.4 NA -1.4 2.9 1.8 4.4 -1.1
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
-1.2 NA -2.1 -5.5 -0.8 -3.5 5.1

With an interannual harvest period, the most significant volumes of coffee fruit are obtained between December and March.
27.4 23.3 13.4 6.2 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.9 8.1 15.7
46
Coffee
World ranking
11th
The production obtained from coffee trees
cherry
grown in the national territory provides two out
of every hundred tonnes of green coffee available
world in the world.
producer Mexico
859,992 One third of the available seeds of this

agroindustrial in the world is obtained from
tonnes Brazilian coffee plantations.
2018 Green coffee foreign trade

Mexico has a favorable trade balance in “green” coffee beans, currently ranking
14th in world exports.
Coffea arabica L.
There are 48 destination countries for this national aromatic product, although
the United States is where the largest amount is directed: 63,513 tonnes. Description
A genus of trees of the Rubiaceae family and its seeds, as well as the drink that is
prepared with them, is what we call “coffee”. There are more than 30 species, but
two stand out: Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora. Its bush is between four and
Main buyer Suppliers six meters high; at maturity, it has oval, lustrous, green leaves, which remain for
(Mexican imports) between three and five years. Its flowers are white, fragrant and remain open
200,111,049*
- Vietnam - Nicaragua for a few days. The fruit develops six or seven months after the flower appears,
- United States changing its color from light green to red.
- Brazil - Peru
* USD
- Honduras - Guatemala
Of the slightly over 7.3
- Colombia - Costa Rica Product
- Uganda - Belgium million tonnes of “green” The fruit is called cherry or berry and is covered with a very thin
Buyers coffee traded in the husk called pericarp. Coffee seeds contain a complex mixture
world during 2018, about of chemical components.
- Belgium - Cuba Importers and Exporters
- Germany - Sweden - United States - India
1.5 million are bought by
- Canada - Japan - Belgium - Peru the United States and 1.1
- Spain - United - Brazil - Costa Rica million by Germany.
- France Kingdom - Nicaragua - Guatemala
- Italy

2017-2018 Variation (%)
1,205
Volume
18,434 109,998 91,564 -26.6 -0.9
tonnes
Value
million 36.9 351 314.4 -35.3 -8.4
USD
Decrease
584
500
389 394 383

351
314
288 298
100 97.8 116.9 Imports

33.4
57 36.9 9 This bush requires a warm
0.6 1.9 1.6 8.8
.1 0 3 Exports climate but with a high
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
level of humidity.

Imports 11.1 4.7 9.5 11.9 15.3 8.4 7.2 4.1 3.0 5.8 11.3 7.7
Exports 7.7 9.5 11.6 13.0 12.3 10.5 8.2 7.5 5.5 5.9 3.3 5.0
47
Zucchini National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
(tonnes) 2017-2018

Average
9 Yucatán South-Southeast 13,385 -7.2

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 100,455 9.3

The expansion of the sowed surface Sonora
42.7
and yield increases in its crops
placed zucchini in the ninth place During 2018, the average sale
between the vegetables with price for the producers reached
greater production volume in the 5,734 MXN per tonne, which
country.
determined a national revenue
of 3.527 billion MXN, of which
Annual per capita Sonora contributed 42.7 percent.
consumption
Sinaloa
10.4
Puebla
8.5
2.0 kg
2018 Indicators
Average
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
3.7%
Thousand hectares
30 0.2 30 615 3,527 20.4 5,734

Annual
2017-2018
3.5 -67.6 5.2 11.7 8.7 6.2 -2.7
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
1.6 -8.0 1.7 3.2 7.8 1.4 4.5
Increase Decrease

The harvest of this vegetable is carried out in 30 states, which provides availability on significant scales throughout the entire year.
7.6 10.9 9.8 10.7 8.2 7.7 7.1 7.8 6.9 8.0 6.2 9.1
Increased availability Medium availability
48
World ranking
Zucchini
6
In the production of zucchini, Mexico obtains
th yields that exceed the international average,
contributing 2.6% to the world volume.
world
producer Mexico
owever, China is the leader in the international
H
615,000 production of this vegetable, with yields

exceeding 18 tonnes per harvested hectare.
tonnes
2018 Foreign trade

The amount of zucchini that Mexico offers abroad increases each year. Currently,
85% of this Mexican crop is traded in the international market.
There are three countries that usually acquire the national vegetable: United Cucurbita pepo L.
States, Japan and Canada. On average, every year, our northern neighbor
acquires around 500,000 tonnes and the eastern nation 24,000 tonnes.
Description
It is a monoecious plant (of both sexes), but with separate male and female flowers.
Main buyer Suppliers It is called a creeping plant because it grows along the ground. The stems, which
(Mexican imports) are covered with hair, are erect in the early stages of development, until before
173,059,825* the third cut of fruits. The leaves are supported by long and hollow stems.
- United States - United States - Chile
* USD
- Japan - China In 2018, world zucchini
- Belgium - France Product
imports amounted to They are usually light green, although there are some darker ones. As
Buyers - Uzbekistan
508,000 tonnes for their length, they measure from 12 to 15 cm. They are generous
(exports from Mexico) in minerals and vitamin C. The color of their seeds can be
a market segment in
- Japan - Germany Importers and Exporters white, cream or slightly brown.
- Italy - Hong Kong which the United States
- United States
- Canada - Cuba - Japan is the main importer and
- United - France - France Mexico is the largest
Kingdom - Netherlands exporter.
- Spain

2017-2018 Variation (%)
181
169
Volume
153 1,636 522,939 521,303 0.1 1.9
tonnes
139
128 Value
115 million 1.4 181 179.6 7.8 7.4
USD
100
92.8 Increase
82.2
Imports Due to its adaptability to diverse

0.6 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.2 2.1 1.3 3 1.4 9 Exports climates and terrains, zucchini can
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
be grown both at sea level and in
high valleys.

Imports 4.4 2.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 1.3 0.5 6.6 55.8 13.7 10.2 5.0
Exports 13.5 9.9 11.9 10.4 11.5 4.2 2.2 1.6 1.7 7.6 11.5 14.0
49
Sugarcane (thousand tonnes)
Rank State Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018
Average
54,292 1 Veracruz South-Southeast 21,232,642 0.6
2 Jalisco Center-West 7,215,209 -3.0
3 San Luis Potosí Center-West 4,188,844 -9.7
4 Oaxaca South-Southeast 3,779,885 0.3
5 Chiapas South-Southeast 3,006,926 2.6
6 Tamaulipas Northeast 2,875,078 -5.7
7 Tabasco South-Southeast 2,562,313 4.4
8 Morelos Center 2,232,803 9.6
48,764
50,946
56,447
50,422
49,735
56,683
56,385
56,955
55,396
61,182
9 Nayarit Northwest 2,101,046 -21.8
10 Puebla Center 1,840,047 4.5
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 5,350,577 5.4

The area planted with sugarcane
in the 2018 harvest was 11,000
Veracruz is the leading
hectares larger than the previous
sugarcane producer. Its harvest
year. Lower harvests and yields
in the 2018 cycle allowed a sales
determined a 1% decrease in the
flow of 15.249 billion MXN.
cut volume.
San Luis
Potosí
8.8
Veracruz
34.6
Jalisco
12.7
2018 Indicators
Average
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
89.7%
Thousand hectares
848 NA 771 56,385 44,075 73.1 782

Annual
2017-2018
1.4 NA -0.1 -1.0 14.7 -0.9 15.9
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
1.8 NA 1.2 1.6 9.9 0.4 8.1

The cut of the stem covers from November to July. The most important volumes are generated in February: 10.7 million tonnes on average.
16.5 19.1 16.1 14.9 10.8 6.5 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 11.1
50
World ranking
6 th
Around 131 million tonnes of sugarcane are
generated in the world. The production
obtained from Mexican mills contributes
Cane sugar
world 4.6% to this volume.
producer Mexico
6,009,520 Brazil is the leading producer of sugarcane, and

from its processing it obtains one of every three
tonnes tonnes of the sweetener generated in the world.
2018 Foreign trade

The country has a duality in its foreign trade of sugarcane. In the exported
volume: the sweetener predominates in raw; while in foreign purchases,
it’s the refined product that prevails.
Saccharum offcinarum L.
Of the exportable volume of this Mexican agroindustrial product, 83% is traded
with the United States, while 48% of the foreign purchases are acquired from Description
that same country. It is a tropical grass with a solid stem measuring 2 to 5 m in hight, 5 or 6 cm in
diameter; it’s cylindrical, elongated and without branches, divided into nodes and
internodes. The stem is the most important part because sugar is stored there.
Main buyer Suppliers The leaves reach 2 to 4 meters in length. The panicle is located in its upper part,
(Mexican imports) which is about 30 cm long.
652,392,605*
- United States - Paraguay
- United States
- Canada - Germany In the world, Product
* USD
- Guatemala - Belgium the international The sugarcane stem is considered an agricultural product since
- Brazil - Netherlands
- Nicaragua - China commercial flow of sugar is distributed and stored in it. Its content is approximately
Buyers 75% water and consists of nodes and internodes, which
sugar is around 60 differ or change in length, diameter, shape and color
- Morocco - Puerto Rico Importers and Exporters
million tonnes per year. depending on the variety.
- Canada - Spain - United States - Spain
Indonesia is the country
- Venezuela - Honduras - Canada - Costa Rica that buys the most
- Tunisia - Costa Rica - Venezuela - Italy from abroad: around 5
- Algeria - Italy - Tunisia - Honduras
million tonnes per year.

2017-2018 Variation (%)
1,304
1,212 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports
Volume
178,608 1,392,595 1,213,986 48.8 24.5
tonnes
907 Value
823 807 million 108 713 605 40.4 7.2
724 713
USD
683 665 Increase
508
325 327
283 271
Sugarcane and sugar beet are the
134 primary sources from which sugar
87 84 108 Imports
4.3 3.3 53 77
9 is obtained. Beet cultivation is more
0.1 0.10 .1 3 Exports important in some regions such as
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
the European Union and others with
cold weather. In contrast, sugarcane
Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) production is typical in tropical countries
and regions.
Imports 28.0 8.2 12.6 8.8 7.5 5.5 3.6 5.6 6.3 6.2 4.2 3.5
Exports 6.3 11.0 18.8 10.5 3.9 4.0 9.3 6.8 6.4 3.8 8.4 10.8
51
UNMANNED AERIAL The name drone refers to the buzz that the propellers of these systems emit.
The first drones were used in war and their use dates back to World War I.
Did you
know
SYSTEMS Each flight covers 300 hectares on

average, with a resolution of up to 10 cm,
a height of 350 to 700 meters, and a
During the flight, the fixed-wing
drone is capable of taking up to
50,000 photographs for later analysis.
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
duration of 40 to 45 minutes per mission.
The SIAP uses cutting-edge technologies such as Unmanned

Aerial Systems(UAS)1 to support the research it is currently Lineal movement
doing. Such is the case of the estimation of the agricultural
area, the monitoring of physical and social phenomena in
The main task of multi-rotor drones is to
agriculture, the identification of pests, vessel monitoring, etc. take low height photos and videos of
crops, cattle and farms among others.
Maneuverability
National coverage with UAS flights

They have benefits such as the reduction of supervision
costs, verification and the discernment of details of the
agricultural coverage, maximizing the results in information
collection.
U.S.A.
EE.UU.
UAS inspection
Fixed-wing drones are usually used
for jobs that need to cover a large During 2018, 29,455 coverages were obtained from the visual
area. interpretation of UAS images (crops in general, irrigation
canals, harvesting roads, warehouses, etc.), which
complement the analyzes made with SPOT satellite images
and fieldwork.
The high resolution of the images obtained through the UAS
allows for the counting of cattle head and fruit trees, for the
identification of fishing vessels and for a quick response in
case of a disaster in national territory among other things.
SINALOA
Flights made
303 agricultural
21 damaged
347 20 fishing
3 livestock
15-24
Multi-rotor drones
are more useful in
Slightly over 96,000
steep areas. hectares have been
S. L. POTOSÍ
6-14 covered.
NAYARIT
Crop flood, Willa hurricane, Tuxpan, Nayarit.
1-5
BELIZE
BELICE
Identification of fishing vessels, Bocabarras, Sinaloa.
GUATEMALA
Crop vigor
UAS inspection It allows the
identification of the
The images taken with UAS have state of health and the
growth of the crop.
proven useful not only for the Fruit tree count, Ciudad Fernández, San Luis Potosí.
observation, detection and Yield estimation
identification of agricultural The production
coverage; they are used for crop potential of the crop
in a given area is
vigor analysis, yield estimation, known.
and plot level analysis, among
others. Coverage
Identification
Real image It allows for an easy
Obtained through a distinction between
fixed wing drone. one crop and another.
1 Unmanned Aerial System (UAS). Counting (by points) for cattle heads, Tamuín, San Luis Potosí.
52
MEXICO RECEPTION STATION Because of the speed at which they travel in their orbit at almost 8.3 km/s at
ERMEX
Did you
an altitude of 700 km, if the satellites were on the surface of the planet, they know
would travel much faster than sound.
National Mosaic
PERMANENT MONITORING OF THE TERRITORY During the winter of each year,
the national mosaic is generated
It is a ground station used for receiving satellite images of the with around 820 scenes. Thus, an
image of any site with a maximum
SPOT constellation. It is the result of a close collaboration age of 365 days will always be
between the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development available. There are 15 National
Coverages to date.
(SADER), through the Agrifood and Fisheries Information Ser-
vice (SIAP) and the Ministry of National Defense (SEDENA).
Location
The ERMEX is located in the municipality of Santa María Rayón, Estado 60 km 3600 km
de México, within the 22nd Military Zone of SEDENA.
1.5 m resolution
Toluca city center Mexico City center
Coverage
It covers the entire national territory (continental and insular),
Since November 2003, around 725,000 images have been accumulated, acquiring an it is also possible to acquire images of the southern United
average of 80 every day. States, Central America, Cuba, Haiti, northern Colombia and
the Galapagos Islands, which is important for monitoring
Obtaining images regional phenomena.
The SPOT 6 & 7 satellites are considered twins for
having the same characteristics. With this, between Advantages
two and four daily passes are available, which allows The base allows it to orient
itself in any direction, and Thanks to this tool, the SIAP can generate products such as
us to have an image of any part of the Republic, and when rotating, it can the agricultural frontier, the evaluation of government
a shot with the same characteristics every 13 days. achieve a 180° offset.
programs, estimation of agricultural surface, geo-referenced
standards, civil protection, national security and monitoring
of hydrometeorological phenomena, among others.
Location
The satellites are at opposite
points on the same orbit
around the Earth, so their
paths are synchronized.
Satellite tracking
The dish has
From the moment one of the a 5.5 m
satellites appears on the horizon, it diameter. Sargassum in the Caribbean Sea // July 18, 2019
is linked to the antenna. Then it
stays synchronized until it leaves
the coverage area, terminating
the connection.
Movement
The antenna has the ability to stand vertically and tilt
180º horizontally or make a full 360° rotation.
Puebla’s mountain range
The plate is supported by

a set of six pistons known
as a hexapod. Ojinaga, Chihuahua
Rotation Tilt
Popocatépetl Volcano, XV National Coverage
53
Safflower National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
per state
Region
(tonnes) 2017-2018

4 Baja California Northwest 3,990 125
Average 5 Sinaloa Northwest 1,524 -86.7
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

The downward trend in the harvested Sonora
70.1
volume of this oilseed prevails. In 2018,
a smaller sowed surface in Sinaloa
Sonora has the largest
and Tamaulipas influenced this Baja area of safflower
behavior. California
6.3 cultivation (15,300
hectares). From the
sale of its harvest,
producers obtained
274 million MXN.
Jalisco
12.9
2018 Indicators
Average
production of oilseeds Surface Volume Value Yield
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
10.8%
Thousand hectares
28 1 27 59 392 2.2 6,672

Annual
2017-2018
-40.7 -44.1 -40.6 -16.6 -0.7 40.4 19.1
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
-11.4 -28.0 -9.5 -2.9 2.2 7.2 5.3
Increase Decrease

This seed’s harvest curve is pronounced between May and July, with a maximum of 45,000 tonnes in the seventh month.
0.1 0.0 0.1 8.0 23.2 21.7 42.5 3.0 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
54
World ranking
4 th
In the world production of oilseeds,
Mexico contributes 1 out of every 10
Safflower
tonnes.
world
producer Mexico
One third of the global production of this seed
58,675 is harvested in the agricultural fields

of Kazakhstan.
tonnes
2018 Foreign trade

In the last biennium, there was a global decrease in the volume of this seed that
is traded between countries, a situation to which Mexico is no stranger.
The export of safflower oil is relevant for the country, which reported around 17,00
tonnes in 2018.
Carthamus tinctorius L.
The volumes of this oilseed that Mexico exports and imports are practically all
Description
traded with the United States. It is an erect and branched plant of the Asteraceae family that produces a rosette after
germination. It adapts to arid conditions. There are varieties with 40% oil content. The
branches produce 1 to 5 flower heads of 2 to 4 cm in diameter, and these, in turn,
Buyer produce between 15 and 30 seeds—which remain protected after maturity. The plant
can reach 40 to 150 cm in height.
1,890* - United States
- United States
Product
* USD
In the world, about 190,000 It is a crop that produces edible oil, which is used to cook food or to make
other products, such as margarine. There are two varieties: those
Suppliers tonnes of safflower are sold that produce an oil with a high percentage of monounsaturated
(Mexican imports) annually. Turkey and China fats and oleic acid, and those with a high concentration of
- United States have the largest demand for polyunsaturated acids, mainly linoleic. Both types contain
- Japan a low percentage of saturated fatty acids.
this agricultural good.

2017-2018 Variation (%)
11,191
Volume
95 4 -91 369 32.8
tonnes
Value
thousand 149 2 -147 335 29.5
USD
Increase
6,187
1,831 From ancient times, safflower has been

917 Imports cultivated in order to obtain the coloring
533
0 215 155 0 216 0 3 93 3 34 3 34 1 149 2
0.1 Exports of its yellow petals; it was not until after
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 World War II that the interest shifted to
its oil content.
Imports 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.6 80.2 0.1
Exports 8.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 91.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
55
Barley grain (thousand tonnes)

Rank State Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018

Average
7 Durango Northeast 32,278 -7.8

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 9,870 -24.7

The cultivation of barley is
fundamental for the national beer
industry. Once again, in 2018, more Guanajuato yields the largest
hectares of the cereal were sown. amount of barley, with sales
The increase in Estado de México that represent an income
stands out.
of 1.671 billion MXN.
Hidalgo
23.1
Tlaxcala
8.6
Guanajuato
37.6

production of agroindustrials Average
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
1.6%
Thousand hectares
366 14 352 1,009 4,443 2.9 4,405

Annual
2017-2018
1.2 102.1 -0.7 0.05 4.5 0.8 4.5
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
1.2 -19.0 4.4 7.7 11.6 3.1 3.6
Increase Decrease

The greater availability in the April-May period is determined by the harvests in Guanajuato; while that in October-November, by those in Hidalgo and Tlaxcala.
2.0 0.4 0.0 15.9 20.4 3.8 0.3 0.1 1.3 15.3 31.3 9.2
56
World ranking
27 Barley grain
Mexican agriculture contributes seven
th out of every thousand tonnes to the
global volume of this agroindustrial
world good.
producer Mexico
1,008,642 With a 14% share in the international production

of this grain, Russia is the largest barley farmer.
tonnes
2018 Foreign trade

Mexico satisfies its domestic need for this grain with the national crops; the
imported volume is not significant.
In 2018, 40 tonnes of the cereal were exported, mainly to Panama; and the 80
Hordeum vulgare L.
tonnes that the country acquired from abroad came from the United States.
Description
It is an autogenous plant that belongs to the grass family. Spikelets are attached to the
Main buyer Supplier spine, arranged in a way that they cover each other; the glumes are elongated and acute at
(Mexican imports) their apex, and the chaff is attached to the grain. It has narrow, light green leaves; at the
18,400*
- United States point where the limbus separates from the stem, at the end of the leaf sheathing zone,
- Panama two stipules develop that intersect in front of the stem, and a short serrated ligule lies
* USD against it. The plant usually has a lighter green color than wheat; the flowers have
Importer and Exporter three stamens and a pistil with two stigmas.
Buyer - United States
Product
- United States The fruit is a karyopid with the chaff attached. The size of the grain
depends on the influence of the environment and its dimensions
vary from a maximum length of 9.5 mm and a minimum of 6.0
During 2018, China and Saudi Arabia made the largest mm; it measures between 1.5 and 4.0 mm in width. This
grain is mostly used industrially, mainly for beer
barley imports: 6.8 and 4.4 million tonnes, respectively. The
production.
far eastern country imports mostly from Australia, and the
peninsular country from Russia and Ukraine.

2017-2018 Variation (%)
48,647
Volume
80 40 -40 -82.4 2,381
tonnes
Value
thousand 46 19 -27 -84.1 452
30,143
USD
28,072 Increase Decrease
26,092
21,722
20,172
14,305 15,118
Although sometimes used in cooking,

Imports barley is characterized by its industrial
4. 2. 376 use mainly for the production of beer. At
0.1 31 41 3 65 287 3 46 19 Exports
0. 0 0.01 1
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 the same time, the malt that is extracted
is used in the manufacturing of whiskey
and syrups.
Imports 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0
Exports 0.0 0.5 99.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
57
Onion National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
(tonnes) 2017-2018

Average
5 Baja California Northwest 118,600 -2.2

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 193,518 4.6

Even though better yields were
observed in onion crops during 2018,
Chihuahua
the decrease in the sowed surface 16.6 Among the onion producing states,
determined a lower volume. Chihuahua obtains the greatest
Baja California
21.5 volume and value of the harvests:
334,000 tonnes and 1.321 billion
MXN in 2018.
Annual per capita
consumption
9.8 kg
Guanajuato
10.0
2018 Indicators
production of vegetables rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
9.4%
Thousand hectares
50 0.2 50 1,573 7,956 31.3 5,059

Annual
2017-2018
-3.2 -43.9 -2.9 -2.9 -2.0 -0.05 1.0
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
1.8 -14.8 2.1 3.1 9.0 1.0 5.7
Increase Decrease

There are 24 states in which onion is grown. This generates an availability with significant volumes throughout the year, with a maximum in April.
6.3 6.3 7.6 10.8 10.3 10.6 8.4 9.5 9.6 7.9 7.4 5.3
58
World ranking
Onion
15 th
1.7% of the international volume of this
vegetable is obtained from Mexican crops.
world
producer Mexico Around 103 million tonnes of the bulb are
harvested in the world per year, and a quarter
1,572,608 originate in Chinese fields.
tonnes
2018 Foreign trade

The decline in the 2018 national harvest did not limit the export rate, although for
the second consecutive year a similar level of vegetable imports is observed.
There are 21 international destinations buying Mexican onion, while it is acquired Allium cepa L.
from 12 nations. The United States is the country with which the largest
commercial flow of this vegetable is traded. Description
It is a herbaceous plant with elongated leaves that start from the bulbous stem
that develops underground. It produces a support where the flowers in the shape
of small umbrellas are located, and wich reaches less than a meter high. It grows
Main buyer Suppliers from a fleshy bulb with long and enveloping leaves, which give rise to its
(Mexican imports) white, purple and yellow varieties. The stem is very rudimentary and small,
235,702,253 * - United States - Canada The United States since it reaches only a few millimeters in length.
- United States - India - Japan
* USD
and the United
- China - Brazil Product
- Spain - Germany
Kingdom lead the
The bulb, which is the edible part, is formed by numerous
Buyers - France - Argentina foreign purchases of thick and fleshy layers inside, covered with dry, thin and
(exports from Mexico) this vegetable bulb; transparent membranes, which are the base of the
- El Salvador - Belize Importers and Exporters Mexico can expand leaves. If the terrain is light, it can be pulled off
- Spain - United Arab by hand; in more compact soils a hoe or
- United States - Guatemala its sales quota harvesting machines are used.
- Canada Emirates - Spain - Japan
- Italy - Kuwait
to both nations.
- Canada - Germany
- Guatemala - Dominican 61.6% of the onion
- Netherlands Republic imported by the U.S.
is Mexican.

(million USD)
Trade flow
2017-2018 Variation (%)
242
231 233 Volume
90,042 433,925 343,883 -7.1 2.5
210 tonnes
203
199
Value
million 45 242 197 -17.3 4.0
155 USD
Increase Decrease
64.5
54.5
52.3 48.6 45 Onion consumption is considered very
41.2 38 37
22.1
32.5
Imports healthy because it has diuretic properties.
15.5 14.2 18.5
2.3 1.3 2.9 Onion juice is used as a tonic and digestive
0.10 .1 0 Exports
aid; when drunk after a meal, it stimulates
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
the digestive action and the entire gastric
tract. It is also a stimulant for the circulatory
Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) and respiratory system.
Imports 5.3 2.6 2.7 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.5 13.1 13.4 21.6 14.8 21.6
Exports 5.5 8.8 18.3 17.8 12.7 9.4 8.3 3.9 2.9 3.6 4.2 4.6
59
Green chili National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018
Average
2 Chihuahua Northeast 676,463 -17.6

10 Baja California Sur Northwest 53,318 -10.6
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 335,967 0.7

Even though the second largest
producing state of this vegetable
(Chihuahua) registered less planting Chihuahua Sinaloa generates the largest volume
15.1
area and harvested volume, of chilis. Their specialization in export
the contribution of other states quality peppers brings the highest
determined a national annual increase revenue: 5.880 billion MXN in 2018.
of 2.5 percent.
Annual per capita

consumption Zacatecas
13.9
Sinaloa
19.6
18.4 kg
2018 Indicators
Average
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
20.2%
Thousand hectares
158 1 157 3,379 30,063 21.6 8,896

Annual
2017-2018
-2.1 33.7 -2.3 2.5 3.2 4.9 0.7
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
1.0 -12.2 1.2 6.1 11.8 4.8 5.3
Increase Decrease

The highest volume is obtained in the September-December period, with harvests exceeding 324,000 tonnes during each of these months.
8.4 6.9 4.1 5.9 5.0 3.7 8.8 8.5 13.0 13.0 11.8 10.9
60
2 nd
Mexico produces diverse varieties of fruits
of the genus Capsicum—it provides one
Green chili
in every ten tonnes of the international
world
World ranking Mexico
producer volume of this spicy product.
3,379,289 hina stands out as the leading producer

C
of the vegetable, with half of the world's
tonnes production being grown in that Asian
country.
2018 Foreign trade
One third of the volume of these spicy products generated in the country is
exported. In line with the increases in the domestic harvest, the exported volume
remains at the same level: 1.102 million tonnes in 2018.
Capsicum annuum L.
Mexican chilis are sold in 39 nations, including the United States, which acquires
1.096 million tonnes. The largest amount of this product is imported from China
(22,000 tonnes).
Description
It is a plant that has erect, herbaceous and dark green stems; the root system
reaches depths of 0.70 to 1.20 m, and laterally up to 1.20 m. Its average height is
(Mexican imports)
60 cm. The leaves are flat, simple and elongated ovoids, and the flowers are perfect
829,397,959* (hermaphrodites) forming in the joints of the branches; sometimes they are white
- United States - China - India or purple.
- Peru - Chile
* USD
- United States - Hong Kong
- Spain - Guatemala Of the peppers Product
Buyers - Pakistan - Israel traded between In some varieties, the fruit becomes curved when it approaches
(exports from Mexico) maturity; its green color is caused by the high amount of
countries, 80% accumulated chlorophyll. Ripe fruits become red or yellow due
- Canada - Brazil
- Guatemala - Australia Importers and Exporters are sold fresh, 13% to pigments; the spiciness is determined by capsaicin, and
- United States - India dried whole and 7% the color defines the appropriate
- Spain - Netherlands
- Japan harvesting moment.
- United - Germany - Spain dried and crushed.
Kingdom - Guatemala - Chile
- India
- Pakistan - Hong Kong Germany is a target
- Japan
- United Kingdom - Brazil market, mainly for
"sweet" peppers.

(million USD)
844 Trade flow

2017-2018 Variation (%)
719
627
Volume
31,332 1,102,333 1,071,001 1,195 4.2
560 tonnes
517
Value
million 76.9 844 767.3 4,488 17.4
USD
Increase
270
214 226
136
86.2
55.2
76.9 Imports
46.5
1.5 1.9 1.3 1.6 2.7 1.7 Exports
In Mexico, there is evidence of the
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
cultivation of chili for approximately 6,000
years, which extended to the rest of the
world after the arrival of Christopher
Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Columbus to the Americas.
Imports 10.3 10.9 7.1 8.5 9.2 8.8 5.6 7.7 6.9 9.4 6.1 9.5
Exports 11.6 10.9 11.2 9.3 8.4 4.8 5.1 5.2 6.1 8.7 8.8 9.9
61
MEXICAN SALSAS: the proudly Mexican
agri-food spice Main producing states
2018 Production National
Crop State
(tonnes) share (%)
Mexican food is usually accompanied by salsa, Avocado Michoacán 1,674,855.04 76.7
which is made with endless combinations and Garlic Zacatecas 56,903.61 60.1
key ingredients such as green or red tomato
Green chili Sinaloa 858,543.89 31.6
(tomato or tomatillo), chili, onion, garlic, and salt
and pepper to taste. Tomato Sinaloa 1,088,251.51 28.8
Mexican food is a fundamental part of the Onion Chihuahua 334,309.89 21.3
great cultural heritage of our country, Tomatillo Sinaloa 164,468.43 21.1

which characterizes and identifies us. It is
our memory, everything that previous
generations inherited to us and that today
are an essential part of our history.
Variants: jícama, Variants: chicken stock,

mango, strawberry, kiwi, corn, scallions, pomegranate,
manchego cheese, red onion. tomato, bell pepper, cilantro.
Basic: white onion, Basic: avocado,

serrano chili, tomato, cilantro, onion, serrano chili, salt
salt and lime to taste. and lime to taste.
Pico de gallo Guacamole
Chili was paramount for pre-Hispanic

The flavor of cultures, especially in the cities
a salsa depends on of Teotihuacán, Tula
the combination of its and Monte Albán.
ingredients; on the use of
dry or fresh chilis and even on
the preparation technique. A
salsa made in a stone mortar
with roasted tomatos will
never taste the same as Tomato is native to the Low Andes
one made in a blender and was cultivated by the
with boiled tomatillo. Aztecs in Mexico. It was
known as xictomatl,
or fruit with a navel.
Green salsa Red salsa
The oldest evidence of human

Basic: tomatillo, onion, Basic: tomato, onion, consumption of avocado was
garlic, serrano chili, garlic, serrano chili, pepper found in Tehuacán, in the
cilantro and salt to taste. and salt to taste. Mexican state of Puebla,
and it dates from the
Variants: tequila, cooked nopal, years 8,000 to
Variants: rat’s tail chili,
avocado cubes, habanero chili, guajillo chili, chicken stock,
7,000 B.C.
chicken stock. tequila, oregano.
Source: SIAP
62
63
Cauliflower National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018

Average
5 Aguascalientes Center-West 6,491 -20.0
7 Querétaro Center-West 3,974 13.5

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 1,641 -42.9
A smaller sowed surface and a drop Percentage of the production value by state
in the crop yields in the three main
producing states of the country,
caused a 12% decrease in the national
production of this vegetable. One third of the value of
the national cauliflower
production corresponds to
farmers from Guanajuato.
Annual per capita
consumption
Hidalgo
15.6
Puebla
0.5 kg 15.5
Guanajuato
34.5

production of vegetables
Average
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
0.6%
Thousand hectares
4 0.1 4 97 439 24.2 4,520

Annual
2017-2018
-4.8 NA -7.0 -12.0 -8.3 -5.4 4.3
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
-0.3 NA -0.6 1.9 6.6 2.5 4.6
Guanajuato, leader of the crop in the country, has the maximum harvest volumes in April and October, derived from the sowing in
the autumn-winter and spring-summer cycles.
3.4 6.6 6.9 12.2 10.1 6.0 7.8 10.5 11.1 11.7 9.7 4.0
64
World ranking
5 th
With yields higher than the world average,
Mexico provides three out of every hundred
Cauliflower
tonnes of cauliflower available in the orb.
world
producer Mexico
China allocates an area of more than 500,000
97,209 hectares for this crop, from which the largest

production of this vegetable in the world is
tonnes obtained.
2018 Foreign trade

Mexico is the third largest exporter of vegetables of the genus "Brassica", to
which cauliflower belongs. Foreign sales exceed 40,000 tonnes per year.
The largest exported quantities of the national crop are sent to the U.S. and Brassica oleracea L.
Canada markets, with 38,393 and 1,488 tonnes, respectively during 2018.
Description
This plant belongs to the cruciferae family. Its root system is very branched and
deep, with the capacity to extend up to 110 cm deep. The stem is very small, it
Main buyer Suppliers does not branch and reaches a height of 5 to 10 cm. The edible part is formed
(Mexican imports) in the terminal area of the stem and is constituted by a mass of abortive
39,937,903* flowers with a short and fleshy stem.
- United States - United States - Spain European countries are
* USD
- Guatemala - Poland listed as an alternate
- Belgium - France Product
destination for Mexican This inflorescence is usually white or cream color. It
Buyers - China
cauliflower—mainly contains vitamins C and B6, in addition to healthy,
necessary minerals, such as potassium, calcium
- Canada - El Salvador Germany, France and
and phosphorus.
- Japan - Costa Rica Importer and Exporter Belgium, which are among
- Panama - Belize - United States the largest importers of this
vegetable in the world.

(million USD)
Trade flow
2017-2018 Variation (%)
42.8
Volume
4,421 40,657 36,236 -37.1 6.0
tonnes
29
Value
million 2.7 42.8 40.1 -32.8 4.7
26.2 26.3
25.5 USD
23.7 23.4
20.8
4.1
2.7 Imports Cauliflower can have a low calorie
1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5
1.4 1.2 1.1 1
Exports content, depending on the variety and
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 growing conditions. However, it is rich
in minerals and has high glucosinolate
Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) contents—especially allyl and butyl
isothiocyanate, and/or vinylthio-oxaziline.
Imports 4.8 2.9 0.8 6.9 3.3 11.2 13.4 16.5 13.4 19.2 4.7 2.9
Exports 9.2 9.8 13.7 8.3 9.8 6.8 6.4 6.0 3.3 7.1 8.2 11.4
65
2009-2018
Copra and
Top 10 in production volume
(thousand tonnes)
Coconut
Rank State Region
(tonnes) 2017-2018
Average National total 445,814 3.5

5 Quintana Roo South-Southeast 28,977 38.9

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 3,924 62.7

The area sowed with coconut palm
reached 143,000 hectares in 2018. The
coconuts from 127,000 of these were The climatic and geographical
destined to obtain copra, and those conditions on the coast of the Mexican
from the remaining 16,000 for their Pacific favor its cultivation, especially in
direct consumption. Guerrero—leading producing state with
194,000 tonnes, which reached a value of
1.718 billion MXN.
Annual per capita
consumption
Jalisco
6.1
3.4 kg
Colima
6.7
Guerrero
66.0
2018 Indicators
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
1.9%
Thousand hectares
143 NA 139 446 2,603 3.2 5,839

Annual
2017-2018
-0.1 NA -0.3 3.5 3.5 3.7 0.1
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
-0.4 NA -0.6 4.0 8.6 4.7 4.4

Higher availability between April and June is determined by the harvests made in Guerrero, while that of December by those of Jalisco, Michoacán and Sinaloa.
7.4 7.9 6.7 12.2 9.5 10.0 7.2 5.9 8.1 4.8 7.6 12.7
66
World ranking
Copra
80
Mexico contributes with 1.9% of
th the total volume of the global
production of this agroindustrial
world
producer Mexico product.
445,814 Indonesia has a quarter of the global

area planted with coconut trees, which
tonnes positions it as a leading producer of
this agricultural good.
2018 Foreign trade

Mexico had a favorable trade balance in copra during 2018, with its
exports reaching just over 23,000 tonnes. That volume represents 5.2% of
the national production, and its foreign sales record, on average, annual
revenues of 16 million USD for the country.
Cocos nucifera L.
99.7% of the exports for this perennial are acquired by the United States,
the fifth largest importer in the world. Description
Coconut palms grow on the coasts; their trunk is almost always slanted and reaches a
height of 10 to 20 m. Its thickness reaches 50 cm and it thins out as it rises. Coconuts
(Mexican imports)
have an ovoid shape, they weigh up to 2.5 kg and are covered with fibers. Inside the
15,622,613* fruit is the endocarp, also called seed or shell. Then the solid albumen or copra is
- United States - Philippines - Vietnam located, which forms a large cavity inside which a liquid is stored.
- Sri Lanka - Thailand
* USD
- United States - France
Product
Buyers Copra is the dried pulp of the coconut. When it is fresh, it contains
(exports from Mexico) Importers and Exporters approximately 50% moisture and when dried it drops to 3%, which
- Guatemala - Belize - United States is when it concentrates all the nutrients—giving rise to the
- Cuba - France coconut copra product, which has wide possibilities of use
- France
in different products.
- Japan - Australia
- Colombia - Belgium
- Canada - Germany
Asian nations import the largest amounts
of copra, led by Thailand, China, Malaysia
and the Philippines.

(million USD)
Trade flow
16.9
2017-2018 Variation (%)
15.9 15.9 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports
15.2
14.0 Volume
461 23,197 22,735 -48.2 -7.0
tonnes
11.3
10.9
Value
10.7
million 1.3 15.9 14.5 -45.0 -6.2
USD
Decrease
6.5
6.2
3.2
2.4
1.6 Imports
1.3
0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8
0.3
Exports
Products derived from copra flour are
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
valuable sources of protein, especially
those destined for dairy cattle.
Imports 5.3 8.6 0.8 11.4 8.2 12.1 15.7 6.2 0.8 7.7 8.1 15.1
Exports 6.8 7.3 8.9 9.3 8.9 8.6 10.1 8.4 8.6 8.7 7.6 6.8
67
VULNERABILITY Classification of dams according to their use: storage, diversion and regulation.
Their functions include: irrigation, electric power generation and drinking
water supply, among others.
Did you
know
IN AGRICULTURAL AREAS: Maximum water levels
WATER AVAILABILITY IN DAMS

There are two main measurements that are monitored in water dams:
Extraordinary High Water Level (EHWL). It is the highest level
that the dam can hold and therefore, the maximum level that
The areas that are currently sown and those that can be affected water can reach. It is calculated as the maximum expected value
by the decrease in the water supply of agricultural dams are for a level raise.
identified with the use of information on the progress in planting Ordinary or Operational High Water Level (OHWL). It is the
and harvesting, the drought index and the water availability in maximum level with which the dam operates to meet its demand.
irrigation dams. Reservoir
EHWL Dam Soil
Tubing
Vulnerability Generator
Irrigated crop
Filtration
It is described as the susceptibility of an agricultural area OHWL
to present some type of damage caused by the action of Turbine
a natural or anthropogenic phenomenon. Flow
U.S.A.
General scheme of a storage dam.
Storage volume
50%
40% 60% OHWL
The comparison of the 30% 70%
water storage volume
of the national dams 20%
80%
on the first halves of

2017, 2018 and 2019 is 10%
58,071.56 hm
56,351.00 hm
90%
represented (hm). 57,751.31 hm

EHWL
0%
Vulnerability in an 100%
2018
2019
2017
agricultural area
SINALOA
Very high DURANGO
High The Dr. Belisario
Domínguez agricultural
Volume
Medium
dam (La Angostura) in Chiapas percentages
Low has the largest storage capacity
with 19,736 hm. Santa Rosalía, in Of the 136 dams for
Very low Jalisco, has the lowest storage agricultural use, 70
capacity with 0.7 hm. recorded volumes
Municipalities with the Water storage capacity above 50% of their
largest sowed surface in irrigation dams
capacity; 50 were
(percentage)
High below that but
50.1 - 100 above 20% and 16
Medium 20.1 - 50 recorded levels
Low 0.0 - 20 below 20%.
JALISCO
BELIZE
Storage Durango
2013 CHIAPAS
The José López Portillo “El 70 dams
Comedero” dam, in Sinaloa,

is intended to control the Water storage GUATEMALA
flow of the San Lorenzo percentage of the OHWL EHWL
River to take advantage of José López Portillo 2013 2.9%
its waters in the generation dam (2013 and 2014 16.2%

50 dams
of electrical energy and the 2019). 2015 37.8%
irrigation of an area of
2016 46.7%
2017 48.8%
105,000 hectares of 2018 34.3%
agricultural land 2.9%
2019 2019 28.1%
distributed in the valleys of 28.1%
Sinaloa
San Lorenzo and Culiacán. 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 16 dams
68
AGROCLIMATIC
With SPOT 6 & 7 images it is possible to generate time series for the monitoring of Did you
plots from sowing to harvest and in this way carry logbooks of the phenological know
development of this crop.
FITNESS
AN ANALYSIS FOR SOCIAL WELFARE
The crop, climate and soil analysis, known as Agroclimatic The best dates for growing corn
Fitness, allows us to evaluate the potential of existing Because of its characteristics, corn can be grown practically all throughout Mexico,
resources in space and time and to identify agricultural areas the following map illustrates the areas with High and Moderate agroclimatic
aptitude, in other words, the areas with the greatest potential for corn. In these
where intervention is possibly needed, contributing to the places, the production per hectare increases and the planting costs are reduced; the
orderly use of our agricultural territory, from the perspective effects of intense weather events are also minimized.
of economic, social and environmental sustainability1.
U.S.A.
Large harvests at
a low cost
By finding areas with a high
production potential for a crop,
it is possible to reduce the use
of supplies, which reduces
production costs.
High fitness
Moderate fitness
Analysis Algorithm
The algorithm that makes possible the task of detecting cultivation areas
with greater agroclimatic aptitude makes use of a 30-year (1981-2010)
analysis of climatological information.
BELIZE
CLIMATE (1981-2010)
AGROCLIMATIC
GUATEMALA
FITNESS
CROP RAIN TEMPERATURE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION EDAPHOLOGY
Information on all the Daily and accumulated Average Amount of water Analysis of the structure
phenological rainfall from sowing to temperature from that a crop releases and properties of the soil.
requirements2 of the crop. harvest. sowing to harvest. to the atmosphere.
Benefits
Monitoring of crops ▶ We are able to generate Agroclimatic Fitness Maps.

throughout their cycles ▶ The producer can select the best area to sow.
Identify and monitor the ▶ The producer can opt for the best planting dates.
development of crops from
sowing to harvest.
Estimation of agricultural damage Determination of areas susceptible to cultivation Selection of sowing dates Estimation of water Crop Conversion
Locate areas where damage to crops of Locate areas with high productive potential for Based on the analysis, it is possible to requirements and irrigation Geographical areas with potential
interest is possible due to the presence crops which currently have a different use identify the optimal planting dates for planning for different crops that could be
of weather risks. (excluding natural protected areas, forests and each area, so that the crop increases its It allows planning for the options to obtain higher production
woods, among others). growth and production potential. sustainable use of water and in revenues are identified.
this way supports the reduction
of costs and the increase of the
production yields in the plots.
1 The concept of sustainable development is the result of concerted action by nations to promote a model of global
economic development compatible with environmental conservation and social equity.
2 Stages of crop development in relation to climatic characteristics and biological phenomena of the plant. 69
Peach National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018

Average

10 Tlaxcala Center 3,979 -0.2
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 14,558 -2.0

Peach cultivation continues to
register a decrease in sowed Chihuahua
surface, which has resulted in a 19.9 The peach orchards of Zacatecas are
year-on-year decrease of 1.9% in the largest in the country, although
its volume. the highest yields are generated
in Michoacán—this determines its
greater production and participation
Annual per capita in the national sale value of the fruit.
consumption
Puebla
12.2
Michoacán
1.5 kg 17.0
2018 Indicators
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
0.7%
Thousand hectares
29 NA 26 161 1,403 6.3 8,731

Annual
2017-2018
-7.8 NA -0.1 -1.9 4.6 -1.8 6.7
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
-5.0 NA -5.7 -2.3 0.5 3.6 2.9

The availability of this fruit in March is determined by the supply of Estado de México, while that of August-September by Chihuahua, Michoacán and Puebla.
0.2 1.4 12.3 3.0 8.3 10.3 17.0 23.3 13.1 8.3 2.1 0.7
70
World ranking
17 th
Mexican peach orchards generate
seven out of every thousand tonnes of
Peach
this delicate drupe worldwide.
world
producer Mexico
ith a 57.8% contribution to the
W
160,663 international availability, China stands

out as the leading producer of this fruit.
tonnes
2018 Foreign trade

The national consumption of this fruit in Mexico reaches a volume of
187,000 tonnes per year—14.4% of which are imported. The national
harvest level does not generate significant surpluses for export.
The peaches imported by Mexico come from nine different nations. The Prunus persica L.
United States stands out as our provider, with 21,803 tonnes and 29.940
million USD.
Description
Main buyer Suppliers The tree is of moderate height and grows deep roots. Its size varies depending on the
(Mexican imports) variety. There are varieties that produce fruits with pits which are easily separated or
453,601* attached to the pulp. The almost 300 varieties have been grouped into five kinds,
- United States - United States - Turkey
each with its own characteristics, ripening season and applications.
- Chile - France
* USD
- China - Poland
- Greece - Germany Product
Buyers It is a globose fruit, 5 to 8.5 cm in diameter; yellowish with reddish
- Spain
(exports from Mexico) shades in the part exposed to the sun and a longitudinal groove
- Belize of varying depth. It contains a dimpled pit, which is very hard
- Colombia
In 2018, the international trade of this fruit and with sinuous grooves.
exceeded 2.3 million tonnes with a revenue of
3.527 billion USD. By country, the acquisitions
of Germany and the Russian Federation are
- United States
significant.

(million USD)
Trade flow
2017-2018 Variation (%)
45.1
40.7
Volume
37.8 26,999 173 -26,826 54.0 -88.0
tonnes
34.3
Value
28.5 29 million 37.8 0.5 -37.2 39.9 -80.0
26.6 27
USD
Imports
2.5
0.8 1 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.9 0.5 Exports
Peaches are rich in potassium,
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
which helps reduce kidney-related
diseases and decreases the chance
Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) of developing ulcers.
Imports 4.0 4.6 3.1 1.2 1.6 5.1 7.7 13.6 20.7 34.4 1.3 2.7
Exports 9.8 2.6 9.6 22.0 11.7 5.7 6.1 5.3 7.5 8.9 4.7 6.1
71
Asparagus National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018

Average 4 Baja California Sur Northwest 21,436 -11.2
7 Durango Northeast 841 27.4
8 Sinaloa Northwest 581 58.9
9 San Luis Potosí Center-West 336 42.4

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 637 -18.7

Among the vegetables grown Sonora
59.6
in Mexico, asparagus holds the
third place due to the revenue Sonoran farmers make the greatest
reached by its sales. The sowed contribution to the Mexican
surface of this stem is extended Baja California asparagus supply, with a volume of
14.6
cycle by cycle. 175,000 tonnes—which brings 6.049
billion MXN for their sale.
Annual per capita
consumption
Guanajuato
11.9
0.9 kg
2018 Indicators
Average
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
1.7%
Thousand hectares
34 NA 31 278 10,144 9.0 36,530

Annual
2017-2018
23.7 NA 17.8 13.0 1.2 -4.1 -10.4
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
11.3 NA 10.4 17.7 18.1 6.6 0.3

Six out of every 10 tonnes of this vegetable are harvested during the first four months of the year.
10.9 17.8 16.5 14.7 2.0 2.4 5.7 6.1 4.2 2.5 5.3 11.9
72
World ranking
3 rd
At a worldwide level, 1 out of every 100
tonnes of asparagus harvested comes
Asparagus
from the Mexican countryside.
world
producer Mexico
China is the main producer of
277,682 asparagus in the world, its volume

represents 88% of the total.
tonnes
2018 Foreign trade

The expansion of the export market for this Mexican stem continues. In
2018, the figures registered a new maximum: 169,570 tonnes.
The foreign sale horizon for asparagus is not limited to the United States.
Although incipient, there are also sales to other nations, mainly Spain,
Asparagus officinalis L.
Chile and Japan.
Description
It is a herbaceous plant that is harvested for a long time (from 8 to 10 years).
(Mexican imports)
It has a main rhizome from which the roots come out, which in turn carry
307,626,690* secondary rootlets. The roots and the rhizome are collectively known as
- United States - Peru a "crown", from which asparagus or "spears" develop. In the ground, it
- United States develops horizontally in the shape of a base or platform.
* USD
- China
- Chile
- Spain Product
Buyers Mexico leads the export It is a juicy vegetable with a straight stalk, 12 to 25 cm
market of this vegetable. Its long, cylindrical and very branched, with needle-
- Spain - New Zealand Importers and Exporters shaped leaves, grouped in bundles, and
- Chile - Panama sales represent 39% of the with greenish-white flowers.
- United States
- Japan - Hong Kong - Spain world total, supplying the
- Canada - China - Chile largest consumer country:
- Belize - Costa Rica - China the United States.

(million USD)
Trade flow
2017-2018 Variation (%)
280
Volume
893 169,570 168,677 34.5 5.3
tonnes
227
Value
195 million 3.3 308 304.7 22.8 10.1
USD
172
Increase
152
144
116 118
87.2
Imports
1.1 1.5 1.8 1.4 2.3 2.3 1.9 2.9 2.7 3.3
Exports
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Asparagus spears (shoots) are classified
into four groups according to their color:
white, violet, violet/green and green.
Imports 15.9 3.6 0.2 0.2 2.9 0.5 5.4 0.2 11.1 15.1 10.5 34.4
Exports 6.1 21.2 21.9 11.8 3.7 5.6 7.7 5.6 3.0 4.4 5.6 3.4
73
Raspberry National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
per state
Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018

Average 4 Puebla Center 572 145

6 Colima Center-West 14 0.7
7 Mexico City Center 9 -3.5
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

The largest surface destined for this
crop is located in Jalisco. Farmers
from this state have also increased
their sowed surface the most,
compared to other States. Baja California Four out of every ten mexican
33.9
pesos of the income generated
by the sale of this berry
correspond to Jalisco.
Annual per capita
consumption
Jalisco
39.8
0.5 kg Michoacán
25.9
2018 Indicators
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
0.6%
Thousand hectares
7 NA 7 130 5,128 18.2 39,392

Annual
2017-2018
8.4 NA 11.9 8.3 14.1 -3.2 5.3
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
25.3 NA 26.7 28.6 27.2 1.5 -1.1

The availability of this fruit during the year is linked to the harvest in two moments: mid-year and at the end of the year.
7.9 5.3 8.8 7.8 8.3 14.3 0.9 1.4 2.1 10.3 11.5 21.4
74
World ranking
2 nd
Mexican farmers obtain yields that almost triple
the world average in raspberry production.
Raspberry
world
producer Mexico Russia has a surface of slightly over 20,000
hectares for this crop—enough to achieve the
130,187 highest production of this fruit gobally.
tonnes
2018 Foreign trade

From among the berries that Mexico exports, raspberry generates the highest
amount of foreign income: 750 million USD in 2018. This contribution is
attributed to the significant prices at which it is sold.
The main destination of this Mexican fruit is the United States, which acquired
Rubus idaeus
just over 67,000 tonnes in 2018—for which 735 million USD were disbursed. This
fruit is also acquired by another 27 nations.
Description
It is a shrub with a short, deciduous woody stem. The stems are generated every
Main buyer Suppliers year and they will last for two years. They develop during the first year, and in the
(Mexican imports) second they bloom and give fruits to then immediately die and be replaced by
735,125,799*
- United States - United States new ones. In the second year, the bark turns dark gray and is covered with
- Chile thorns. The aerial stem of the previous year has flowering shoots at its end.
* USD
- Ukraine It also has a certain number of leaves.
- China
Buyers - Serbia
(exports from Mexico) Product
- France Raspberries are berries formed by numerous drupes which
- Netherlands - Spain easily stand out for their color. The most common are
- Canada - Germany The preservation of the red or yellowish. Each fruit has golden yellow hair
- Belgium fruit while fresh limits the attached to it.
- Japan expansion of markets for the
- Russia Importers and Exporters producing countries. Mexico
- United Arab Emirates - United States
- United Kingdom
has a commercial advantage
- France
- Hong Kong - Germany due to its proximity to the
- Ireland - Chile United States, the largest buyer
- Italy - Spain in the world.
Foreign trade evolution Trade flow

(million USD) 2017-2018 Variation (%)
750
684
Volume
328 69,447 69,120 46.4 -3.9
tonnes
531
508 Value
million 3 750 747 39.7 9.6
USD
280
251
180
146
128
Imports Raspberry is widely cultivated in some

2.0 3.9 1.7 1.6 2.5 2.4 3.7 3.1 2.2 3
Exports countries in Europe and North America,
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 and to a lesser extent in Central and South
America, Australia and New Zealand. The
first harvests of this fruit in Mexico were
Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) carried out at the Chapingo Autonomous
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec University back in 1974.
Imports 0.2 1.4 0.1 1.5 0.2 12.7 24.7 30.4 20.0 6.9 0.5 1.4
Exports 9.9 9.3 11.3 11.8 12.5 3.9 2.6 2.5 2.6 6.8 14.2 12.6
75
Strawberry National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018

Average
8 Puebla Center 504 -2.3
9 Sinaloa Northwest 360 NA

10 Tlaxcala Center 271 100
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 618 -10.0

The decline in the sowed surface
and the production volume of
this berry, is mainly linked to the Michoacán, Baja California and
switch of cultivation to blackberry Guanajuato are the main producers of
amongst the farmers from Baja California this berry. The former is the national
23.7
Michoacán. leader in strawberry production.
Annual per capita

consumption
Guanajuato
5.1
3.2 kg Michoacán
69.3
2018 Indicators
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
2.8%
Thousand hectares
14 0.008 14 654 13,402 47.9 20,503

Annual
2017-2018
-1.0 650.0 -1.4 -0.7 6.0 0.7 6.8
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
8.3 NA 8.3 12.1 23.9 3.6 10.4

There is year-round availability with a minimum monthly strawberry production of 7,000 tonnes, and a maximum of 122,000.
7.2 4.2 6.1 7.6 20.6 26.1 6.1 2.2 2.1 1.6 7.2 9.0
76
World ranking
3 rd
In the world, Mexico has the seventh
largest area destined for fragaria
Strawberry
cultivation, which generates 7.1% of the
world
producer Mexico global volume of the berry.
653,639 Four out of every ten tonnes of this fruit in

the world are harvested in China.
tonnes
2018 Foreign trade

The drop in national strawberry production during 2018 also caused an
annual decrease of 5.3% in its exported volume.
The geographical proximity with the United States and Canada makes
Fragaria ananassa D.
them the most important countries for the foreign sale of this fruit. The
former purchases 256,000 tonnes, and the latter 9,079.
Description
The plant is herbaceous, while the root system is fasciculated, it is composed of roots
and rootlets. It is small and has numerous leaves originated in a crown or very short
(Mexican imports)
rhizome, which is at ground level and forms the base of all the plant’s growth. The
675,418,896* flowers are white, organized in bunches and they have a chalice of 5 split pieces,
- United States - United States - Peru 5 rounded petals and numerous stamens and pistils.
- Puerto Rico - Poland
* USD
- Morocco - France In the world, the
- China - Argentina foreign trade of Product
Buyers - Chile - Italy The fruit is the result of the aggregation of many tiny dry carpels
strawberry is close on a hypertrophied pulpy receptacle. It is red and has a sweet
- Canada - Saudi Arabia
to 1.5 million tonnes taste and a characteristic aroma. The collection needs to
Importers and Exporters per year. The United be performed manually, because it is highly sensitive.
- China - Puerto Rico
- United States - Poland It must be harvested every three days and
- Hong Kong - Iceland States acquires the handled very carefully.
- China - Chile
- Japan - Belize
- Puerto Rico - Italy largest volume:
- United - Panama
- Peru - Spain 277,000 tonnes on
Kingdom - Germany average.

(million USD)
Trade flow
2017-2018 Variation (%)
693 699 700 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports
Volume
20,348 268,357 248,009 10.2 -5.3
tonnes
511 Value
456 million 44.6 700 655.7 6.3 0.2
416 USD
384
Increase Decrease
320
256
207
44.6
Imports
33.7 33.2 34.9 37.8 42
15.5 13.5 16.0 21.3
Exports
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Strawberries should be harvested
when 75% of their surface has turned
red and the fruit is still firm.
Imports 0.2 0.4 0.5 3.4 15.1 18.7 16.3 22.5 12.2 8.1 2.1 0.5
Exports 13.6 15.1 18.8 14.8 10.8 8.7 3.7 1.4 1.2 1.6 2.7 7.6
77
AGRI-FOOD Maize grain is the main stored product in the country, with a
production close to 26 million tonnes obtained in 2018.
Did you
know
INFRASTRUCTURE National infrastructure chart
OPERATIONAL CAPACITY OF THE SECTOR The states and municipalities of the country have a large number of agri-food
facilities. 25,473 locations were georeferenced in 2018, of which 92% are for
livestock farming and 8% for agricultural use.
The SIAP generates geographic and statistical information of
the sector's infrastructure with the help of field personnel. Milk
stables Facilities
Agricultural
warehouses
500
1000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
Fattening
Infrastructure pens 3,500
4,000
Pig farms
The agri-food infrastructure includes production, 4,500

5,000
development and product processing facilities. 5,500
6,000
Poultry farms
15 66
48 45
TIF
2 U.S.A. abattoirs
33
2
2 4 6
6 15 12
7 4 12
21 13
45
17
13
23 17 in situ Sheep production
121 facilities
abattoirs
16 157
210
15 15 27 298
129 13 3
2 31
80
Municipal abattoirs Goat production
32 327 facilities
4
65 19
46 248 6
35 35 35 35 8
2 3 150
15
7 The states of Tamaulipas, Sinaloa and Chihuahua
12
162
have the installed capacity to store about 4 million
883
55 274
266 11
186 tonnes of grain.
4 46 61
32
30 711 28 825 170
9 91
7 20 5 6
30
Pig, poultry, sheep and goat 85
11
production facilities 17
108 84
12 21
252 2
53 5
Municipal, TIF and in situ1 44 16 352 61
29 51
abattoirs 43
4 151
6
8 73
Dairy stables and fattening pens 85
68
2,158 325
Warehouses 31
18
869
563 44 Lacentral
región western
centro
46 69 25 The
526 19 occidente,
region is the es
onela with
de 4 62
61 20 5
themayor número de of
18 13 17 31
15 highest number 160
206 instalaciones
georeferenced facilities
1113433
27 5
georreferenciadas 54 16
167
367 with 4,762. 26
13
88 57 14 con 4,762 u. 2
37 15 246
129 95 51
809 1011 909
75 151
563
53 567
104 114
209 52 10
63 389
346
21
88 22 77 30
1 20
9
141 230 2
2
33 17 33
397 372 10
47 28
1464
8 22
37
52 33 36
23
69
44 35 53
BELIZE
41 8 20 74
67
69
5 84
33
14 2 23 221
Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco
4 131
1 4
7 23
5 13 21 41
40
In the municipality of Tepatitlán de
6 213
7
103
Morelos, Jalisco, 9 of the 10 most 84 GUATEMALA
representative agri-food activities in 58
5
the country are developed. It is the
2
1 geographical location of 516 facilities,
representing the largest amount in
the state.
Animal slaughter carried out “on site” or “in the property” where they are bred.
78
GEOGRAPHIC
Regions are territorial units that have to define areas determined by their
specific characteristics such as the proximity; They also function as a
same type of climate, the same territorial tool that guides
REGIONS
religion or even the same cultural development strategies in the
activity. Their function is to group agricultural sector for the
geographic areas with common implementation of public policies
interests, such as economic issues, or and decision making.
Central Region Primary production Mexico City Guerrero Hidalgo México Morelos Puebla Tlaxcala
Volume 35.7 (12.5%) 0.4 (1.1%) 5.9 (16.6%) 7.9 (22.1%) 7.4 (20.8%) 3.9 (11.0%) 8.7 (24.5%) 1.4 (3.9%)
Million tonnes
Value 139,258 (12.3%) 1,684 (1.2%) 21,928 (15.7%) 17,608 (12.6%) 34,634 (24.9%) 11,091 (8.0%) 46,953 (33.7%) 5,359 (3.8%)
Million MXN
Central-West
Region Aguascalientes Colima Guanajuato Jalisco Michoacán Querétaro San Luis
Potosí
Volume 85 (29.6%) 4 (4.3%) 4 (4.1%) 11 (13.2%) 40 (47.9%) 12 (14.3%) 3 (3.4%) 11 (12.8%)

Million tonnes
Value 398,647 (35.1%) 21,309 (5.3%) 10,380 (2.6%) 55,801 (14.0%) 157,419 (39.5%) 98,159 (24.6%) 22,297 (5.6%) 33,282 (8.3%)
Million MXN
Northeast region Coahuila Chihuahua Durango Nuevo León Tamaulipas Zacatecas
Volume 55 (19.3%) 7 (13.2%) 18 (31.9%) 10 (18.7%) 4 (6.9%) 9 (15.6%) 8 (13.7%)

Million tonnes
Value 185,621 (16.4%) 23,853 (12.9%) 62,542 (33.7%) 34,580 (18.6%) 14,454 (7.8%) 24,992 (13.5%) 25,200 (13.6%)
Million MXN
Northwest Region Baja California Baja California Nayarit Sinaloa Sonora

Sur
Volume 35 (12.2%) 5 (14.0%) 1 (4.1%) 6 (16.2%) 13 (37.3%) 10 (28.4%)

Million tonnes
Value 208,016 (18.3%) 28,560 (13.7%) 8,898 (4.3%) 16,218 (7.8%) 79,550 (38.2%) 74,790 (36.0%)
Million MXN
South-Southeast
Campeche Chiapas Oaxaca Quintana Tabasco Veracruz Yucatán
Region
Roo
Volume 75 (26.4%) 2 (2.9%) 9 (12.5%) 20 (26.2%) 2 (2.9%) 4 (5.7%) 32 (41.9%) 6 (8.0%)

Million tonnes
Value 202,779 (17.9%) 9,778 (4.8%) 34,952 (17.2%) 27,023 (13.3%) 4,383 (2.2%) 15,124 (7.5%) 87,470 (43.1%) 24,050 (11.9%)
Million MXN
National
Volume 285.3 (100.0%)

Million tonnes
Value 1,134,321 (100.0%)

Million MXN
79
Bean National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018

Average
9 San Luis Potosí Center-West 28,353 -33.1

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 121,575 -3.2

During the 2018 cycle, the surface
sown with this seed that was
lost reached 79,000 hectares.
However, the damage did not
impact the national production In 2018, the state that
level, which was 1% higher than generated the most
that achieved in 2017. revenue from bean sales
was Zacatecas with 3.765
Annual per capita billion MXN.
28.1
Sinaloa
18.9
Durango
8.8
10.5 kg

production of dry Surface Volume Value Yield
Average
rural price
legumes
Sown Lost Harvested
75.0%
Thousand hectares
1,675 79 1,596 1,196 13,405 0.7 11,207

Annual
2017-2018
-0.1 54.8 -1.8 1.0 -18.1 2.9 -19.0
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
-0.01 -18.0 3.2 1.6 0.7 -1.6 -0.8
Increase Decrease

The maximum harvest is obtained in November, with 425,000 tonnes on average. The production of farmers from Zacatecas is decisive in the availability during that month.
4.5 11.7 5.2 2.8 1.5 0.8 1.1 2.2 4.5 10.9 37.1 17.7
80
World ranking
6 th
With yields higher than those of the world's
leading legume producer, Mexican farmers
Bean
generate 3.8% of the total volume of this seed.
world
producer Mexico
With a production that exceeds 6 million tonnes
1,196,156 of beans per year, India is the main generator of

this legume in the world.
tonnes
2018 Foreign trade

An improvement in the Mexican harvest of the last two years has favored a
recovery in the export of this seed, while the imported volume has decreased.
Commercial origin-destination Phaseolus vulgaris L.

There are 24 destinations for the beans exported by Mexico, while it is acquired
from ten different nations.
Description
It is a herbaceous plant belonging to the fabaceae family, with thin, weak
quadrangular stems (sometimes striped purple), trifoliate leaves, acuminate
apex, with more or less tubular sides and a rounded banner. It reaches a
Main buyer Suppliers height of 50 to 70 cm and its roots develop around a main pivot and many
(Mexican imports)
20,669,172* branches.
- United States - United States - Spain
- Canada - Belgium
* USD
- Argentina - France Product
- China - Colombia The fruit is a softly curved pod that opens naturally when ripe.
- Netherlands - Brazil This pod can measure 10 to 12 cm and is green, purple or
Buyers almost black. Inside, the seeds can be oblong, oval
India makes the or rounded depending on the variety, slightly
largest imports of compressed and red, yellow, brown
- Venezuela - Costa Rica Importers and Exporters
- Peru - Portugal
beans—666,000 tonnes or black in color.
- United States
- Angola - Chile in 2018. Mexico is the
- Canada
- Spain - Panama - Spain fourth largest importer
- Cuba - Guatemala - France of this legume.

(million USD)
Trade flow
2017-2018 Variation (%)
277
Volume
164,996 52,082 -112,915 9.9 -30.6
tonnes
Value
168
million 130 50.4 -80.1 4.1 -41.4
USD
136 130 130 Increase Decrease
125
111
100
84 80 86.0
62.8
50.8 50.4
38.3 41.4
35.4
28.9 28.5 29.8
Imports Regular beans are the most important
legumes for direct consumption in the
Exports
world and constitute an important source
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
of dietary protein in many developing
countries. It is generated in multiple
Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) production systems and environments in
regions as diverse as Africa, Europe, Latin
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec America and the Near East.
Imports 11.1 9.5 10.0 9.7 7.5 7.0 6.2 7.8 7.5 10.1 8.3 5.3
Exports 6.2 6.2 8.5 12.6 11.5 9.7 9.5 7.3 9.3 7.9 5.9 5.4
81
Chickpea National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018
1 Sinaloa Northwest 193,078 121

Average 4 Guanajuato Center-West 9,067 -0.04

5 Baja California Sur Northwest 8,073 9.5
7 Guerrero Center 1,366 202

10 Coahuila Northeast 75 NA
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 20 -73.2

Sinaloa and Sonora doubled their Sonora
chickpea sowed surface, which 29.4
caused an 86.2% increase in the The increase in the harvested volume
volume harvested during the of this seed caused lower prices
2017-2018 cycle in the country. per tonne sold by the two leading
producing states.
Annual per capita

consumption
Sinaloa
59.7
1.5 kg
Michoacán
5.4

production of dry Average
legumes rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
22.0%
Thousand hectares
195 0.3 194 352 5,623 1.8 15,984

Annual
2017-2018
95.4 -74.9 97.3 86.2 65.7 -5.6 -11.0
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
10.6 -3.3 10.6 11.5 20.9 0.8 8.4
Increase Decrease

Chickpea sowing is done almost entirely in the autumn-winter cycle, with which the crops are pronounced between March and June.
0.3 4.2 19.7 32.8 22.4 14.3 4.6 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.5
82
World ranking
10 th
Mexico has chickpea harvest yields that
double the international average, which
Chickpea
allows it to be among the top ten
world
producer Mexico producing countries.
351,796 With a production that represents 61.4%

of the world volume, India is the leading
tonnes producer of this seed.
2018 Foreign trade

The high prices in the international chickpea market influenced its larger planting
in Mexico during 2018. This boosted exports, which reported 160,997 tonnes in the
indicated year. With this, the country is the third largest exporter.
Cicer arietinum L.
Algeria is the main destination for exports of this Mexican legume, although the
largest absolute increases in the last biennium in that area were recorded by Turkey,
Description
Spain, Portugal and Peru.
It is a small herbaceous plant with deep and strong branched roots, which can
reach a height of about 60 cm. The stems are erect and hairy, and the leafs are
Main buyer Suppliers paripinnate, alternate, pubescent and with serrated leaflets. Small single flowers
(Mexican imports) emerge from its axils. It is a mainly autogamous plant, whose self-pollination
36,285,271* occurs before the flower blooms.
- Algeria - United States
- Spain
* USD
Product
The fruit is a pubescent and pointed pod, which contains one or two
Buyers Importers and Exporters seeds inside, more or less wrinkled, and its color can be white,
- Spain cream, yellowish or brown, with two large cotyledons and
- Turkey - United States terminated in a point.
- Spain
- United States
- Portugal In 2018, over 2.086 million tonnes of grain were
- Peru
traded internationally. In that flow, Pakistan's
- Brazil
- Italy
purchases are the most significant:
- United Arab Emirates 500,000 tonnes.
- Iraq
- Greece

2017-2018 Variation (%)
282
Volume
302 160,997 160,695 -81.9 10.8
tonnes
Value
193
177
183 million 0.3 183 183.0 -86.4 -33.5
USD
Increase Decrease
139 138
129
117
83
Imports
0.001 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.9 0.3
Exports
It is the third most important legume
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
worldwide. Approximately 96% of this crop
is produced in developing countries.
Imports 36.2 6.3 0.0 6.3 6.3 6.3 12.6 0.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5
Exports 1.7 1.8 10.5 8.4 10.1 10.9 10.8 9.8 7.9 9.5 9.7 8.9
83
Gerbera National production volume

(thousand grosses)
Rank State
per state
Region
Volume
(grosses)
Variation (%)
2017-2018

Average 2 Baja California Northwest 72,124 668
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Growers in Baja California
recently planted an area with
gerbera. In their second year During 2018, the national sale
of production, they generated of gerbera generated a revenue
almost eight times as many Baja California of 385 million MXN, of which 371
3.6
grosses than in the first. correspond to Estado de México.
Estado de
México
96.4

production of Surface Volume Value Yield
Average
rural price
ornamentals
Sown Lost Harvested
Thousand Million Grosses MXN
3.9%
grosses MXN / hectare / grosses
Thousand hectares
0.1 NA 0.1 1,376 385 12,016 280

Annual
2017-2018
24.6 NA 17.4 16.4 22.0 -0.9 4.8
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
4.4 NA 3.2 5.1 14.7 1.8 9.2

The cultivation of this ornament is carried out in greenhouses, and the leading producing state offers this flower all year long.
2.2 25.5 5.2 3.4 12.7 6.7 2.0 11.5 2.8 6.5 12.9 8.6
84
Gerbera
2018 Foreign trade

Mexico presents a favorable trade balance in gerbera, its exports reached
a sales value of 705,000 USD in 2018, while the imports amounted to
580,000 USD.
Among the destination countries for this flower the United States stands
Gerbera L.
out, with 307 tonnes acquired. In national imports, the volume acquired
from the Netherlands stands out: 15 tonnes.
Description
Main buyer It is a herbaceous plant that can live for several years, although commercially it is
only viable to cultivate it during 2 or 3. The leaves have a rosette shape, they are
704,213* elongated, about 40 cm long, and slightly cleft at the edges. The flower buds
- United States develop from some stems or peduncles with a terminal inflorescence which
* USD Although cuttings are the grow from the petiole of some of these leaves.
main product traded, the
Buyers Product
(exports from Mexico) international trade of this
Its flowers are about eight centimeters in diameter, with the
- Guatemala ornament is insignificant. petals distributed concentrically and a green bud in the
- Belarus center. They can be found in red, yellow, white and
orange colors, usually with fuchsia reflections.
Suppliers
(Mexican imports)
- Netherlands
- Spain

2017-2018 Variation (%)
1,469
Volume
16 309 294 -21.8 -34.8
tonnes
1,031 Value
915 943 thousand 580 705 125 -20.1 -25.3
876
835 836 USD
798
725 705 Decrease
694
652
580
468
Imports
0 0.1 3.3 0 0 0
Exports
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 It is said that gerberas symbolize the
tenderness and joy we must always have
in each of our actions.
Imports 0.4 5.2 4.7 2.7 24.9 20.8 21.5 7.6 4.6 4.5 2.8 0.3
Exports 4.7 9.3 9.4 8.2 14.3 8.5 6.4 8.1 6.4 8.9 8.7 7.1
85
Guava National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018
Average National total 311,594 -4.0

7 Guanajuato Center-West 786 5.5
8 Durango Northeast 532 3.5
9 Hidalgo Center 409 -6.6

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 1,693 0.4

Unfavorable climatic conditions
for the cultivation of this
perennial in the second largest
producing state (Aguascalientes) Michoacán is the state that
determined a lower crop yield harvested the largest volume
during 2018. of guava. Its 33 producing
municipalities have sown
surfaces ranging from1 to 3,740
hectares.
Annual per capita Zacatecas
consumption 21.1
Aguascalientes
17.0
Michoacán
2.4 kg 54.2
2018 Indicators
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
1.3%
Thousand hectares
23 NA 22 312 1,707 13.9 5,479

Annual
2017-2018
3.2 NA 0.9 -4.0 5.6 -4.9 10.0
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
0.2 NA 0.2 0.8 6.7 0.6 5.9

The maximum availability of the fruit in the October-December period is determined by the harvests of Michoacán and Aguascalientes.
3.0 4.2 5.3 6.5 7.1 10.4 5.6 6.3 9.7 13.6 15.4 12.9
86
World ranking
5 th
Yields higher than the international
average make it possible for Mexican
Guava
guava producers to contribute 1 out of
world
producer Mexico every 25 tonnes of the global volume of
this crop.
311,594 India is the main guava producer, its

tonnes volume represents 38.5% of the world total.
2018 Foreign trade

The lower national harvest volume of this fruit during 2018 limited the supply
available for foreign sale. The exported volume registered an annual decline
of 10.2 percent.
Of the countries that buy Mexican guava, three are considered as frequent: the
Psidium guajava L.
United States, Canada and Guatemala. They buy this mexican fruit on a
regular basis.
Description
It is an evergreen and leafy tree that reaches 5 to 6 meters high on average but, if
Main buyer Suppliers handled properly with pruning, it does not exceed 3. It has extended branches and is
(Mexican imports) easy to recognize due to its smooth, thin, copper-colored and flakey bark. The stem
19,732,606*
- United States has green and angular herbaceous buds. The flowers appear in bunches.
- United States
- Thailand
* USD
- France Product
The fruits are round, 5 to 10 cm in diameter, slightly flat at the poles. The
Buyers
Importers and Exporters fruit releases a strong and sweet musky smell when ripe. It has a thick
- United States cream-colored mesocarp or pulp, sweet taste and crunchy texture
- Canada - Spain before full maturity, which is the ideal time for cutting. This is
- France
- United - Japan observed in the skin when it reaches a yellowish green or
Kingdom - Germany pink-yellow color.
- Guatemala - France 94.5% of the guava bought by the United
- Netherlands States was Mexican, although it makes
insignificant purchases from suppliers as far
away as Ecuador, India, Pakistan, Peru and
Thailand.

2017-2018 Variation (%)
22.6
20.5
Volume
18.8 3 11,246 11,243 119 -10.2
tonnes
Value
14.7 million 0.019 20.5 20.479 67.0 -9.2
13.0 USD
11.8
9.9
8.6
8.2
Imports
0.0003 0 0 0.002 0 0 0.014 0.01 0.012 0.019
Exports
Guava is characterized by having few
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
calories and a high vitamin C content,
which is up to seven times higher
Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) than that of orange.
Imports 10.7 1.9 6.3 2.7 7.8 5.9 2.9 3.8 3.8 5.1 6.9 42.2
Exports 7.0 7.6 7.7 6.9 8.0 7.1 7.2 5.5 5.7 10.6 11.4 15.3
87
SELF-CONSUMPTION: a basic principle of agricultural activity
In Mexico, maize and beans are the main
crops that farmers use for self-consumption,
Percentage of seed
since a quarter of the production of these production not sold:
seeds is not commercialized. Self-consumption In the harvest
25.2 season, the
22.1 producers retain Cattle feed
Family food
part of the
production,
which they use
for:
8.2
3.5 Seeds for sowing
in the next cycle Storage
Get a better price in

Maize Beans Sorghum Wheat the future
Mexican maize producers are the ones

Farmers from Zacatecas grow beans
who allocate most of their production to
with the seasonal irrigation mode
self-consumption. They harvest in the
during the spring-summer cycle.
spring-summer cycle, under the seasonal
irrigation mode.
Percentage of the production of maize Percentage of the production of bean

producing states that is not brought to producing states destined
market for self-consumption
18.7 21.9
11.0 15.5
8.7 8.3 7.8 7.4 8.0 8.6 7.6
México Guerrero Oaxaca Chiapas Veracruz Puebla Zacatecas Chiapas Durango Oaxaca Puebla
Two out of every five tonnes of maize grain that are A fifth of the bean crops in Zacatecas are
harvested in the State of Mexico are not preserved for self-consumption. The most important
commercialized. In this state, the most representative municipalities that do not market legumes are
municipalities are San Felipe del Progreso and Ixtlahuaca. Sombrerete and Fresnillo.
Source: SIAP
A part of the production of wheat and sorghum is used for
self-consumption as well, but to a lesser extent: 8.2% and 3.5% respectively.
88
89
Tomato National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018
1 Sinaloa Northwest 1,088,252 16.0

Average

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 932,674 5.7

The progressive increase in
the harvest of this vegetable
is based on the higher yields The significant volume it obtains
per hectare in greenhouse and the best selling prices make
agriculture. Sinaloa the national leader in
tomato production. The value
of its production (7.024 billion
Annual per capita MXN) is twice that of the state
consumption that follows it.
San Luis Potosí
11.9
Sinaloa
22.5
16.8 kg Michoacán
9.8

Average
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
22.6%
Thousand hectares
49 0.2 49 3,781 31,151 76.8 8,239

Annual
2017-2018
-1.9 39.8 -2.0 9.0 22.2 11.2 12.2
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
-0.9 -17.7 -0.7 7.1 10.9 7.8 3.6
Increase Decrease

Mexican farmers collect 243,000 tonnes (on average) of this vegetable every month.
8.1 9.2 6.1 8.8 7.2 8.2 6.2 6.5 8.4 12.2 11.2 7.9
90
World ranking
9 th
In the harvest of this vegetable, Mexican farmers
obtain significant yields which exceed the
Tomato
international average.
world
producer Mexico
With an area that exceeds one million hectares
3,780,950 for this crop, the Asian giant—China—

contributes a third of the world's tomato
tonnes production.
2018 Foreign trade

The foreign sale of Mexican tomatoes continues to rise. In 2018 it reached a
record high in volume and trading value once more.
Mexico is a world leader among tomato producing countries. The Mexican
trade of this vegetable with the United States is significant. Lycopersicum esculentum L.
Description
It is a herbaceous plant with thick, pubescent and long stems. It has a pivoting, deep and
Main buyer Suppliers slightly branched root system. The main stem is formed of secondary stems composed of
(Mexican imports) epidermis with glandular hairs, bark, vascular cylinder and inner tissue, so the plant does
1,725,077,364*
- United States - United States not support itself and the use of holders for its support is necessary. The flowers are
- Italy grouped in inflorescence clusters or cluster tops.
* USD
- Spain
Product
Buyers Considered the number one vegetable, it is a globose, sub-spherical,
(exports from Mexico) Importer and Exporter bilocular berry. Its intense colors are typically shades ranging from
- Canada - United States yellowish to red, due to the presence of lycopene and carotene
- Japan pigments. It has a slightly acidic taste. It is generally round in
- Costa Rica The global trade flow for tomato exceeds 8.4 shape with flat poles, except for some varieties which have
elongated fruits, such as the saladette. Although they
- Cuba million tonnes per year. In that flow, the United come in different sizes, it is usually a large fruit.
- United Arab Emirates
States and Germany lead purchases with more
- France
than one million each.

2017-2018 Variation (%)
1,550 1,583
Volume
2,966 1,684,766 1,681,800 -52.1 5.5
tonnes
1,368
1,293
Value
1,159 million 1.9 1,734 1,732.3 -56.4 9.6
1,015 1,001
USD
976
Increase Decrease
732
Imports
67.3 71.0 47.2 31.8 25.1 32.6 17.9 0.8 1.9
4.2 Exports Tomato helps neutralize excessive
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 heartburn. It increases cell metabolism.
It also provides detoxifying nutritional
elements that favor the revitalization of
Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) the arteries.
Imports 1.8 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.6 2.5 44.7 16.5 13.2 10.4 2.6 1.9
Exports 10.9 9.4 10.7 9.6 9.2 8.3 6.8 5.9 5.6 7.7 7.2 8.7
91
Lettuce National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018

Average

10 Tlaxcala Center 11,786 -3.7
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 27,701 -12.4

Mexican fields produce various
vegetables, including lettuce. The
better production yields in the
leading producing state allowed a Guanajuato, Zacatecas, Puebla and
greater volume for the internal and Aguascalientes are leaders in this
foreign markets. crop. Notoriously, the first of these
states registers the most significant
contribution to the national supply.
Annual per capita
16.8
Guanajuato Puebla
28.9 11.3
2.5 kg

Average
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
2.9%
Thousand hectares
21 0.5 21 486 1,940 23.7 3,989

Annual
2017-2018
-0.6 313.2 -2.4 1.2 5.3 3.7 4.0
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
3.2 26.0 3.0 4.8 10.8 1.8 5.6
Increase Decrease

Between the lettuce producing states, Guanajuato and Puebla harvest the vegetable during every single month.
6.3 11.2 9.0 11.2 4.7 5.8 16.0 10.2 9.5 8.5 4.3 3.3
92
World ranking
9 th
There are 107 countries that produce
lettuce in the world. Mexico contributes
Lettuce
1 out of every 50 tonnes to the world
world
producer Mexico volume of the vegetable.
486,440 56.4% of the international production

of this vegetable is harvested in the
tonnes agricultural fields of China.
2018 Foreign trade

Of the total volume of lettuce produced in Mexico, 41.7% is sold abroad.
The pace of external sales translates into increasing export volumes.
Seven of the nine destination countries for the exports of this vegetable
are located in America, and the remaining two in the Far East.
Lactuca sativa L.
Description
It is an annual herbaceous, dicotyledonous, autogamous plant that belongs to the
compositae family. Its root never exceeds 25 cm in depth; it is pivoting, short and
Main buyer Supplier
(Mexican imports)
branched. The leaves grow in rosettes and they are extended when young. In some
223,058,065* cases they continue this way throughout their development while in others they
- United States - United States curl up later. The edge of the leaf blades can be smooth, wavy or serrated. Its
* USD stem is cylindrical and branched, very short, and does not branch when the
plant is in the optimum state for harvest.
Buyers - United States
Product
It is a vegetable formed by large leaves, which can be
- Canada - Nicaragua somewhat jagged and that are arranged on top of each
- Belize - El Salvador Mexico is the third largest world exporter other forming a tight pack in some cases. They come
- South Korea - Cuba of vegetables of the genus Lactuca in different shapes, sizes and colors, mainly
- Costa Rica - Guatemala green and red. It does not have many
sativa. Its two main buyers are the nutrients.
- Honduras - Japan
largest importers in the world.

(million USD)
Trade flow
2017-2018 Variation (%)
225
Volume
30,172 203,037 172,865 34.8 2.0
tonnes
Value
140 141 million 12 225 213 24.4 3.7
134 130 USD
Increase
88.7 91.7
78.7
73.2
15.6 16.7 18.7 Imports

12.9 12
9.1 9.7 9.0 9.8 9.7 The origin of lettuce does not seem to
Exports
be very clear, although some authors
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
claim that it comes from India. Lettuce
cultivation dates back 2,500 years and
Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) it was already known by Greeks and
Romans.
Imports 10.3 5.8 2.4 4.4 4.6 8.1 19.4 17.0 12.1 8.1 3.0 4.8
Exports 9.6 8.0 12.9 10.5 9.1 6.9 4.8 4.3 4.7 7.5 8.5 13.2
93
Lime National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018
Average 1 Michoacán Center-West 725,386 2.0


2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 149,053 9.0

From all the Mexican fruit
crops, lime is the second most
important product in harvest Michoacán and Veracruz are listed
volume and income generated as the main producers of this citrus.
by its sales. In 2018, the sale of their crops
reached 3,841 and 3,816 million MXN,
respectively.
Annual per capita

consumption
Veracruz
26.1
Colima
13.9
14.4 kg Michoacán
27.7
2018 Indicators
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
11.0%
Thousand hectares
201 NA 174 2,533 13,874 14.5 5,477

Annual
2017-2018
3.6 NA 2.2 0.8 9.9 -1.3 9.0
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
3.6 NA 2.4 2.9 12.2 0.4 9.1

Favorable climatic conditions allow Mexican lime growers to generate fruits throughout the year, with a maximum volume of 294,000 tonnes in October.
5.2 4.3 3.6 5.8 7.1 9.1 11.4 11.2 8.8 12.2 12.0 9.3
94
World ranking
1 st
The area planted with lime trees in
Mexico is the second largest in the
Lime
world, and the crop yields allow the
world
producer Mexico country to be the leading producer of
this fruit.
2,533,176 With a volume that represents 13.7%

tonnes of the world total, India is the second
largest producing nation of this citrus.
2018 Foreign trade
Mexico is the main exporter country of this citrus by volume, with
increasing annual sales: 733,000 tonnes in 2018.
The geographic coverage of Mexican lemon sales covers 28 nations located
in America, Europe and Asia. The United States is the main destination of
Citrus aurantifolia swingle
the Mexican fruit, with 669,168 tonnes exported in 2018.

(Mexican imports)
Description
491,892,385* The lime tree is a small tree or shrub, which rarely exceeds 4 meters high. Its thin
- United States - United States branches have short spikes, with small leaves that are round at the base and pale
- Argentina green. The flowers are small and white and its fruit is called lime.
* USD
- France
- Spain
Buyers Product
(exports from Mexico) The fruit is small and round, with a small bump at the bottom.
- Netherlands - Belgium Common varieties do not measure more than 5 cm in diameter.
- United The peel is thin and green (yellow at maturity), with a juicy
- Germany
The U.S. is the largest importer of lime and very acidic pulp which is divided in 9 to 12 segments.
Kingdom - Italy
in the world, with annual purchases It contains vitamins C and B, as well as calcium,
- France - South Korea phosphorus and iron.
- Spain - Russia exceeding 780,000 tonnes. About 15% of
- Japan that volume are organic fruits.
Importers and Exporters

- United States
- France
- Spain

569

500
465 Volume
4,009 733,897 729,888 32.9 0.6
tonnes
373 376 Value

million 4.1 569 565 28.9 13.7
USD
286 Increase
234
220
202
151
Imports
0.3 0.6 1.6 1 0.9 2.8 1.8 2.5 3.2 4.1
Exports
Relief for certain respiratory tract diseases
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
and inflammation of the throat is
attributed to limes for their antibacterial
Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) and antiviral properties.
Imports 4.5 4.4 13.7 18.3 12.8 6.7 6.0 21.3 2.5 2.7 4.2 2.9
Exports 6.6 5.7 5.5 6.2 9.5 9.3 9.8 11.3 9.6 9.9 8.4 8.2
95
Fodder maize (thousand tonnes)
Rank State Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018
1 Jalisco Center-West 6,183,398 7.6

Average 2 Durango Northeast 2,518,026 8.6
3 Zacatecas Northeast 1,975,944 7.0
4 Aguascalientes Center-West 1,434,550 0.04
5 México Center 1,096,546 -6.0
6 Coahuila Northeast 1,042,571 -2.0

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 945,661 -5.1

The Mexican area planted with
fodder maize exceeds 600,000
hectares. Most of them are located
in Jalisco (the state with the During 2018, one tonne of
largest cattle herd in the country). this fodder sold by farmers
of Jalisco averaged 5,557
MXN, which resulted in an
income of 13.520 billion MXN
for this state.
Zacatecas
Durango 10.3
14.7
Jalisco
36.4
2018 Indicators
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
14.3%
Thousand hectares
603 2 601 17,464 10,731 29.1 614

Annual
2017-2018
2.1 3.3 2.1 4.8 11.8 2.6 6.7
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
2.3 -37.0 6.6 7.3 14.0 0.7 6.2
Increase Decrease

October and November are the months of maximum harvest of this plant. This availability corresponds to the harvests of Durango, Jalisco and Zacatecas.
3.4 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 2.4 9.7 13.5 29.2 28.3 12.4
96
Fodder
maize
2018 Foreign trade

The national supply of fodder maize is complemented by the import of
negligible amounts.
The volume acquired of this agricultural good comes only from our
neighboring country to the north.
Zea mays L.
Description
Main buyer It is a robust-looking plant, with a single stem of great length, without branches, and
which can reach up to 4 meters high. The central part of the stem is spongy. The male
3* inflorescence is a yellow tassel that can store 20 to 25 million grains of pollen. On the
- United States other hand, the female one contains one thousand at most, from which structures
* USD The international trade flow called spadices or "ears" form. The leaves are long and extensive, with
of this fodder is possible spear-shaped edges, sharp ends and villi on the top.
when its dry, either in
Supplier Product
(Mexican imports) pellets or in bales.
This crop includes the entire plant, since the stem and leaves are
- United States used. It can be used fresh or dehydrated to be sold dry and in
bales. It can also be stored in silos. Maize is ground and
nutrients are added in order to produce animal feed.

- United States

(million USD)
Trade flow
2017-2018 Variation (%)
83.9
Volume
70,455 0 -70,455 421 -100.0
tonnes
Value
million 13.6 0.000003 -13.6 410 -100.0
USD
Increase Decrease
16.4
13.5 13.6
11.8
Imports
2.7 2.0 0 1.7 0.0002 1.7 0 2.7
0 0.002 0.007 0.07 0.1 0.01 0.000003 Exports
Maize, when its grains are soft, is the most
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
suitable for fodder since it contains more
dry matter and digestible elements than
Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) any other crop.
Imports 1.9 3.0 11.0 31.8 19.7 6.1 9.0 4.8 2.2 0.0 10.5 0.0
Exports 4.1 95.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
97
Grain maize National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018
1 Sinaloa Northwest 5,818,056 -5.7

Average 2 Jalisco Center-West 3,847,214 -4.4
3 Michoacán Center-West 1,993,742 4.3
4 México Center 1,922,977 -13.4
5 Guanajuato Center-West 1,696,776 3.3
7 Guerrero Center 1,271,851 -6.3
8 Veracruz South-Southeast 1,234,572 -2.7
9 Chiapas South-Southeast 1,147,899 -11.5

10 Puebla Center 1,000,391 -2.7
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 5,756,684 2.0

Of the Mexican agricultural crops,
maize grain is the one that generates
the highest economic value from its Sinaloa is the national leader in maize
sale, although its national importance cultivation, which is demonstrated by
goes beyond the productive sphere. the productivity levels it has for the
white maize crop. Jalisco ranks second,
as a result of the extensive area that it
destines for this crop.
Annual per capita
consumption
Sinaloa
21.4
Jalisco
14.4
345.6 kg Michoacán
7.4
2018 Indicators
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
89.0%
Thousand hectares
7,367 244 7,123 27,169 104,862 3.8 3,860

Annual
2017-2018
-2.3 14.5 -2.8 -2.1 4.6 0.7 6.9
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
-0.5 -18.3 1.5 3.4 7.1 1.8 3.6
Increase Decrease

In Mexico, there are two moments when grain availability is high: November-January and May-July.
17.5 4.4 0.6 1.6 9.3 11.3 4.4 2.0 1.0 4.3 18.6 25.0
98
World ranking
7 th
Mexico produces several varieties of this grain,
contributing 2.4% to the international volume of
Grain maize
maize.
world
producer Mexico
Yields that double the international average and an
27,169,400 extensive sowed surface are elements that make the

United States the world's agricultural leader in the
tonnes cultivation of this crop.
2018 Foreign trade

The Mexican livestock and agroindustrial activity demands a continuous
flow of grain maize, mainly yellow, which represents 90% of the total
acquired from abroad.
Zea mays L.
Mexico's main supplier of this grain is the United States, although
Description
recently, purchases have been made from Brazil and Argentina.
The plant is robust, with a simple stem that can reach 4 m in height. It has no branches
or internodes, but it does have a spongy core. It presents separate male and female
inflorescences on the same plant. The first one has a yellow colored panicle that has
a very high amount of pollen; the female inflorescence has a lower content of pollen
Main buyer Suppliers grains and from them structures called spadices or cobs are formed. In each flower
(Mexican imports)
152,166,479* there are three stamens where pollen develops.
- Venezuela - United States - Australia
- Brazil - Hungary
* USD
- Argentina - India Product
Maize has the advantage that it is the only cereal that can be used as food
at any stage of the plant’s development. It is found in the form of a cob,
Buyers Importer and Exporter and the grain is a flattened karyotype. The pericarp constitutes about
(exports from Mexico) - United States 5 to 6% of total grain weight. Its high carbohydrate and protein
- Italy content make it the ideal everyday cereal.
- United
- United States Kingdom Of the countries that acquire maize from abroad,
- El Salvador - Cuba Mexico is the largest buyer in the world–its
- Guatemala - Denmark purchases represent 10% of the more than 168
- Costa Rica - Netherlands
million tonnes that are sold annually.
- Canada

2017-2018 Variation (%)
2,938
2,738 Volume
2,652 2,620 16,970,291 822,529 -16,147,763 10.0 -49.3
tonnes
2,384
2,122
Value
2,058 million 2,938 200 -2,738 12.1 -49.4
USD
1,724
Increase Decrease
1,348
1,233
403 395
Imports
132 179 202 204 200
137
66 12.4
Exports Did you know that Jala maize is the
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 largest in the world? It is cultivated in
the Jala Valley, in Nayarit. The size of
the ears can reach between 45 and 60
Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) centimeters long.
Imports 6.0 5.5 6.4 9.3 8.8 9.0 9.0 10.0 8.3 10.4 9.5 7.8
Exports 11.3 15.1 11.2 3.9 11.4 15.0 7.5 4.0 5.1 11.0 0.4 4.1
99
Maize: tradition and Origin of some traditional maize-based beverages
development Mexico has a wide gastronomy of
drinks made with maize. Their
Maize is, without a doubt, part of the identity of Mexico. It is present in characteristics are closely linked to
the daily life of its inhabitants, not only in tortillas and other dishes the cultural roots of each region.
that we like so much, but also in the from of many products derived
from its industrialization.
Use of maize in different industries Northwest region

• Pinzate
• Tejuino
Northeast region
• Tesgüino South-Southeast Region
• Atole agrio (sour atole)
Cereals and snacks • Chicha
• Chorote
Dough and tortillas • Guarapo
• Pinole
• Pozol
• Tanchuca
• Tejate
• Texcalate
Edible
oils Technological
advances and the Flours and nixtamal Central-West Region
diversity in • Atole de aguamiel
consumption open (agave juice atole)
more and more • Atole blanco
opportunities for the • Atole de mezquite
(mesquite atole)
maize industry. • Kamata
• Sendecho Central Region
• Tejuino
Balanced Drinks • Achocote
feed • Atole blanco (white atole)
• Charagua
• Chilatole
• Ostoche
• Quebranta huesos (bone
breaker)
• Sendecho
• Tejuino
Cosmetics and
Starch
pharmaceuticals
Biofuel
Criollo maize
Different varieties have been cultivated and subjected to selection by farmers
Maize in the pharmaceutical industry for generations. They have an important genetic variability and features that
allow them to adapt to the different environments where they grow.
The nature of the pharmaceutical industry is to permanently require innovation in
drugs, so the use of maize and starches is increasing due to their properties, since
they are often used as agents in different procedures: In Mexico, 64 varieties of
maize are documented, of
which 35 are found in
Oaxaca, which represents
Disintegrants: they promote the disintegration of tablets in more than 50% of the
water or in gastric juices, to facilitate the release of drugs. country's diversity.
Negro Mixteco Arrocillo
Binders: they are used to confer pills or tablets
a high level of hardness
Maíces híbridos o mejorados
Diluents: they serve to adjust the weight of the pills They are produced by
hybridizing different
and to get a suitable mass to compress.
genetic lines that provide
desirable characteristics
Anthocyanins: they prevent cell aging, due to their such as high yield, better
high antioxidant properties. grain composition and
resistance to pests and
Source: SIAP diseases.
100
101
Mango National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018

Average
8 Veracruz South-Southeast 95,741 3.3

10 Campeche South-Southeast 31,210 3.1
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 34,623 -6.9

The sowed surface of mango
is distributed across 23
states of the country. Its
coverage reaches 203,000 The southern and western states
hectares, of which 188,000 adjacent to the Pacific ocean coast
are in production. This allows are notoriously the most productive
for a supply that supports in the cultivation of the crop—
international mango Guerrero, Nayarit, Chiapas, Sinaloa,
requirements. Oaxaca, Michoacán and Jalisco
stand out.
Annual per capita
consumption
Nayarit
13.6
11.5 kg Guerrero
25.6 Chiapas
17.2
2018 Indicators
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
8.1%
Thousand hectares
203 NA 188 1,867 8,453 9.9 4,527

Annual
2017-2018
0.6 NA -0.2 -4.7 13.7 -4.5 19.3
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
1.1 NA 1.1 2.4 8.7 1.2 6.2

The largest mango harvest is made in June, with the contribution of Sinaloa and Nayarit in the referred month standing out.
2.0 5.4 6.2 11.5 16.3 23.7 18.1 12.0 2.8 0.6 0.6 0.8
102
World ranking
5 th
Mexico is the nation with the sixth
largest area destined for the cultivation
Mango
of mango, contributing 3.9% to the
world
producer Mexico world production of this tropical fruit.
1,867,298 With a production that exceeds 19.5

million tonnes, India is the leading
tonnes producer of this fruit.
2018 Foreign trade

Among the fruits that Mexico exports, mango has registered an important
sales rate. As a result, it is listed among the 20 agri-food products that
brought the most income to the country for its foreign sale during 2018.
This Mexican tropical fruit is one with the most destinations for its
Mangifera indica L.
international sale—in 2018, it was traded with 40 countries. Four years earlier,
it was sold to 19 nations.
Description
It is an evergreen tropical tree species, which can reach between 10 and 40 meters high
Main buyer Suppliers (the grafted specimens are smaller). Its root system is quite particular: when the plant
(Mexican imports) is young, it deepens rapidly, but has very few lateral roots. The highest percentage of
309,838,035*
- Peru - Brazil mango roots is concentrated at 1.20 meters deep.
- United States
- India - United States
* USD
- Thailand - Spain Product
- Ecuador - France It is a succulent, fleshy fruit with a kidney or oval shape. Greenish,
Buyers
- Indonesia - Germany yellowish or reddish in color, it is very sweet and encloses a large,
flattened seed surrounded by a woody cover. There are spherical
- Canada - Switzerland and flattened varieties, like the Manila mango which is one of
- Japan - Chile the most appreciated; its sugar content reaches 20%.
- Spain - Austria The largest importer of this fruit in the world
- France - United is the United States, and Mexico is its main
- Netherlands Kingdom
- Belgium supplier with volumes that represent 65% of
the total. In the U.S. market, Mexican mangos
Importers and Exporters compete mainly with those of Ecuador, Peru,
- United States - Chile Brazil and Guatemala.
- Spain - Germany
- France - Brazil


375
350 Volume
343 2,462 429,838 427,376 28.2 1.4
tonnes
Value
million 8.5 388 379.3 21.6 3.4
230 USD
214 Increase
192
154 160
128
Imports
2.8 2.8 2.9 5.8 5.6 4.0 5.1 5.5 7 8.5
Exports
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Mango is considered a very healthy
tropical fruit. Its high water content (86.1%)
is a pleasant source of hydration.
Imports 13.4 6.7 8.6 4.6 6.2 3.8 2.2 1.6 3.7 8.2 17.3 23.7
Exports 0.7 3.4 8.1 13.1 14.9 17.9 18.2 13.6 7.0 1.7 0.7 0.7
103
Apple National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018
Average 2 Puebla Center 35,713 -2.9

4 Coahuila Northeast 10,165 -55.1
9 Nuevo León Northeast 2,760 -30.4

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 7,404 0.04

Four percent of all the surface
sowed with fruits in Mexico is used
Chihuahua
for apples. The area sowed with 93.0 National fruit growers earn
this crop covers 60,000 hectares, an income of 7.782 billion MXN
of which 49,000 have ongoing Coahuila from the commercialization of apples.
1.0
production. The most relevant participation is that
of Chihuahua, the leading state
in production.
Annual per capita
consumption
Puebla
2.1
7.5 kg
2018 Indicators
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
2.9%
Thousand hectares
60 NA 49 659 7,780 13.3 11,797

Annual
2017-2018
4.9 NA -7.7 -7.7 24.9 0.04 35.2
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
0.02 NA -1.6 1.8 14.3 3.4 12.3

The apple harvest has a distinct season, which begins in June and lasts until January, reaching a maximum of 418,000 tonnes in September.
0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.3 26.7 60.7 10.3 0.4 0.2
104
World ranking
20 th
There are 97 apple-producing nations
in the world including Mexico, which
Apple
provides 1 in every 100 tonnes of this fruit.
world
producer Mexico
Half of the world production of this good
659,451 is obtained from China's

apple trees.
tonnes
2018 Foreign trade

Of the volume of apples consumed by Mexicans, 30% comes from the
orchards of other countries. In 2018, slightly over 282,000 tonnes were
imported.
Apples imported by the country come from 15 nations. The most
Malus domestica
important acquisitions are made from the United States.
Description
Main buyer Suppliers It is characterized by being deciduous, although it can sometimes be evergreen. They
(Mexican imports) are trees with a height between 1.5 and 7 meters. It has oval, elliptical, lanceolate,
854,432* oblong, lobed or serrated leaves. The flowers are white, pink or red.
- Belize - United States - Italy
- Chile - New Zealand
* USD
- China - Argentina Product
- Canada - Peru It is a firm, fleshy fruit which grows from the flower receptacle. It differs
Buyers - South Africa - Spain in color, size and flavor depending on the variety. The skin color ranges
(exports from Mexico) from light green to very dark red. In terms of size, it can be just
- United States - Chile slightly larger than a cherry or almost as large as a grapefruit.
- Argentina - Nicaragua
Mexico is the 4th largest
Importers and Exporters importer of apples, mainly of
- United States the Washington variety—which
- Chile are harvested in the fields of the
- Argentina United States.

(million USD)
Trade flow
2017-2018 Variation (%)
Volume
263 259 264 282,756 766 -281,990 -0.5 -17.7
245 248 tonnes
216 Value
206
million 264 1.1 -262.9 2.1 4.5
187
USD
168
Increase Decrease
Imports
0.4 0.5 0.7 0.7 1 0.8 0.7 2.2 1.1 1.1
Exports
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Approximately 90% of the apple
production is achieved with
irrigation.
Imports 10.1 8.7 11.2 11.4 11.6 9.4 9.6 7.3 4.5 5.0 5.3 5.9
Exports 5.9 4.4 8.9 4.5 4.8 7.7 7.0 5.2 5.9 6.7 16.2 22.8
105
GEOREFERENCED REGISTRY: The codling moth (Cydia pomonella) is one of the most harmful pests to this Did you
APPLE
crop, because its larvae feed inside the fruits, causing direct damage and know
leaving an unsightly hole.
Field results
The georeferenced apple registry of the state of Chihuahua was carried out
HARVEST, PRODUCTION AND YIELD through the use of remote sensing techniques with satellite images, field
work and statistical analysis. This with the purpose of having a reliable and
The SIAP and the Regional Agricultural Union of Fruit precise geostatistical database that allows for obtaining a clearer picture of
Growers of the State of Chihuahua (UNIFRUT) carried out the the crop situation in the main producing state of the country.
georeferenced apple registry in that state, which allowed to
know, among other aspects, the current sowed surface, its Area used for apple
cultivation
Apple frontier
production and yield, and the installed capacity of

Refrigerators Apple producing municipalities
refrigerators, with the purpose of contributing to the policies
U.S.A.
that are required to favor and encourage the national
production and consumption of apples. The average annual
production in that state is
about 570,000 tonnes.
Registry
In 2018, approximately 899
Georeferenced database comprising information
orchards suffered some damage
collected in the field with GPS equipment and caused by hail and/or frost, the
processed by the government, which contains the most affected municipalities were
details of each producer and their production facilities. Guerrero, Cuauhtémoc and
Namiquipa.
53% of the state's refrigerators are There are 144 refrigerators The overall yield in the
ordinary, the rest have a controlled in the state, with a capacity 7 state of Chihuahua in
atmosphere. of 506,255 tonnes. 2018 was 20.25 tonnes/ha.
Namiquipa
23
Cold air
Cuauhtémoc
11
1 25
CHIHUAHUA
32
44
Golden Delicious is the
apple variety with the Guerrero
highest production in 1
the entity.
COAHUILA
SONORA
The apple frontier

was obtained
through 68
high-resolution
satellite images
from ERMEX.
The average age of apple

orchards in the state is 18 DURANGO
years, but some
plantations reach up to
35 years old. The area used for apple
cultivation in the state of
Chihuahua is 31,823 hectares.
SINALOA
The figure indicates the number of existing refrigerators in the area.

Cantaloupe National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018
Average 1 Coahuila Northeast 145,317 -4.6

8 Colima Center-West 16,054 -41.6

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 15,748 37.8

A reduced surface sowed with Sonora
melon in 13 states of the country 31.7
set an unfavorable year for the Coahuila is one the national leader in
harvest volume, as well as for melon production; however, the higher
the monetary amount derived Coahuila sale prices of Sonora make the latter
17.2
from its sale. the state with the highest income for
the fruit.
Annual per capita

consumption
Guerrero
4.1 kg 20.8
2018 Indicators
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
2.6%
Thousand hectares
19 0.1 19 595 2,901 31.4 4,879

Annual
2017-2018
-2.8 135.8 -3.1 -1.7 -1.6 1.4 0.2
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
-0.9 0.4 -0.9 0.9 5.8 1.8 4.8
Increase Decrease

Melon farmers from Sonora and Guerrero have productive conditions that allow them to offer melon throughout the year.
8.4 4.8 17.3 9.7 8.6 9.5 9.2 9.0 10.5 4.1 5.4 3.5
108
World ranking
12 th
1.9% of the international volume of melon
is harvested in Mexican fields.
Cantaloupe
world
producer Mexico Thanks to a greater sowed surface
destined to this crop, as well as high yields
594,608 in their harvests, China is the largest

producer of these cucurbits in the world.
tonnes
2018 Foreign trade

Some factors associated with seasonality and variety give place to the foreign
commercial trade of melon in Mexico. In 2018, 125,983 tonnes were exported
and 44,116 tonnes were imported.
The foreign trade of this agricultural good is carried out mainly with the
Cucumis melo L.
United States, although the volume exported to Japan is also important for
Mexico—just over 15,000 tonnes.
Description
It is a herbaceous creeping or climbing plant. It has a very branched and rapidly
developing root system. Its main stem is covered by hairy formations and presents
(Mexican imports)
nodes in which leaves, tendrils and flowers develop, from which new stems sprout.
26,872,422* Its leaves are orbicular ,ovate, reniform or pentagonal, divided into 3 to 7 lobes with
- United States - United States serrated edges, and hairy on the underside. Its flower is yellow. The bark is green,
- Honduras yellow or white. It can be smooth, reticulated or striated.
* USD
- Thailand
Buyers Product
(exports from Mexico) It can be from small to very large, round or oval, since there are
- Japan - France More than 2.1 million tonnes of melon are many varieties. The pulp can be white, yellow or orange. The
- Hong Kong - Cuba placenta contains the seeds and is gelatinous or watery
marketed annually at an international level, depending on its consistency.
- United - Italy
with a commercial value of 1.864 billion USD.
Kingdom - Spain
- Canada - Netherlands
The United States is the largest importer,
- Germany while Spain and Mexico are the largest
exporters.
- United States

2017-2018 Variation (%)
45.6 46.2
40.9 41.1
38.9 Volume
37.7 36.9 44,116 125,983 81,867 36.6 -8.3
35.2
tonnes
31.2 Value
million 12.2 31.2 19.0 13.8 -19.9
USD
Increase Decrease
11.7 11.8 12.2

10.7
9.1 8.4
7.1 6.3 6.1 6.8
Imports
Exports
Diuretic properties are attributed to
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
melon. It is also rich in vitamins B and
C, which gives it beneficial properties
Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) for the skin and nerves.
Imports 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 5.5 10.8 37.7 36.8 9.1 0.0 0.0
Exports 7.1 7.7 4.3 9.8 21.0 7.3 2.2 0.1 0.1 12.8 19.1 8.5
109
Orange National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018
Average 1 Veracruz South-Southeast 2,508,486 7.6

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 156,735 2.2

Of the surface sowed for the
production of fruits, orange is the
most important for its extension, With 91 municipalities with orange
with 340,000 hectares in 2018 and groves, Veracruz is the main producer
average harvest yields of 13.95 of this citrus in the country—where
tonnes per hectare. Valencia orange trees are predominant.
Nuevo León
10.0
Annual per capita

consumption Tamaulipas
12.7
Veracruz
46.2
37.4 kg
2018 Indicators
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
20.5%
Thousand hectares
340 NA 327 4,738 10,186 14.5 2,150

Annual
2017-2018
1.3 NA 1.8 2.3 18.1 0.5 15.4
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
0.01 NA -0.2 1.4 10.5 1.6 9.0

Growers of this citrus in Mexico have plantations that allow the fruit to be offered throughout the year, although in greater magnitude between February and April.
9.0 12.2 16.1 13.1 8.2 7.1 3.6 2.9 3.0 8.3 9.2 7.3
110
World ranking
4 th
Mexican orange trees contribute 6.3% of the
volume of orange available in the world.
Orange
world
producer Mexico Brazil is the largest producer of this citrus
worldwide. It provides one in every four
4,737,990 tonnes of orange obtained in the world.
tonnes
2018 Foreign trade

The country shows a favorable orange foreign trade balance. It exports
more than 74,000 tonnes per year, which provide an income to the
country of more than 28 million USD.
The United States, Japan and the United Kingdom are the three largest
Citrus sinensis L.
destinations for this Mexican fruit, with purchases of 69,478 tonnes,
1,855 tonnes and 1,725 tonnes respectively.
Description
Main buyer Suppliers This tree belongs to the rutaceae family. It reaches up to 10 meters high and has a
(Mexican imports) rounded top. It has slightly spiny stems, leathery, elliptical, sharp leaves and the
25,603,244* petiole is provided with narrow wings, in addition to highly scented white flowers
with 5 petals and numerous stamens.
- France
* USD
- Spain
- Germany Product
Buyers The fruit consists of several carpels or segments that are easy to
separate. They contain a red to orange juicy and succulent pulp.
- Japan - Canada Importer and Exporter It has several seeds and numerous juicy cells, covered by
- United - Aruba - United States an orange coriaceous exocarp, flavedo or peel, whose
Kingdom - Guatemala interior is white, with numerous glands full of
- Argentina essential oils.
- Italy The sale of fresh organic juice is a great
- Netherlands
opportunity to increase the foreign trade income.

(million USD)
Trade flow
2017-2018 Variation (%)

28.1
Volume
21,156 74,092 52,936 27.8 -2.1
tonnes
Value
19.6 19.5
million 12 28.1 16.1 56.3 -7.7
17.7
USD
Increase Decrease
12
10.5 10.7
9.5
8.3 8.4 8.4
7.7
6.9
6.2 5.9
5.6 5.6 5
3.4 Imports Orange juice is the most widely produced
in the world and its nutritional value lies
Exports
in its high content of vitamin C. However,
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
in most industries the juice is made from
a concentrate, which is easier to preserve
Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) and handle. In addition, sugar is added to
reduce production costs.
Imports 7.0 8.0 8.9 9.7 5.3 4.4 7.9 17.2 10.2 8.2 7.2 6.0
Exports 9.2 11.9 15.4 16.6 18.9 7.7 1.8 0.2 0.3 1.7 5.9 10.4
111
ORANGE: a citrus of international relevance
By production volume, orange is the most significant fruit in Mexico. The
consumption of this citrus is not limited to fresh table fruit, it also constitutes
an input for the food and pharmaceutical industries which obtain natural
and concentrated juice, jam or jelly, essential oil and pectin.
There are four general groups. They

ORANGE COMMERCIAL
International markets show a growing interest in the fruit, juice, peel and classify the fruits by physical aspects
essential oil obtained from this Mexican-grown citrus. Exports of this group of GROUPS and at the same time define their uses
goods show a favorable behavior having reached 59 million USD in 2018. and commercialization.
Common Navel Blood Acid-less
Annual value of the exports of orange and its derivatives

(million USD)
540 Juice GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

469
263
297 304 297 331 million liters ................................................... Seeds ...................................................
195
--------
Few or none Seedless Few or none Abundant
64
Oil
51 5,850 ................................................... Peel ...................................................
tonnes
30 ------ Smooth,
Easy to peel, it is Medium to
35 characterized by its thick, easy to
Smooth and thin
Fruit medium to thick,
"navel", opposite peel, reddish
28 7,092
easy to peel
the peduncle color
20 22 19 tonnes
-----
18
................................................... Uses ...................................................
9 9
16 Peel
11 5,645 Fresh and Fresh, not Fresh and Fresh and
6 8 10 tonnes
8 suitable for suitable for suitable for suitable for
7 industrialization
------------
industrialization industrialization industrialization

3 3 4
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
MAIN VARIETIES
---
----------------------
Ambersweet Bahianinha Doble fina Succari

2018 Trade flow ranking Barberina Barnfield Maltaise Lima
(million USD) Belladonna Caracara Moro Vanigilia
Cadenet Chislett summer Sanguinelli Imperial
Castellana Fisher Sanguinello Mosambi
JUICE OIL FRUIT Don Jöao Foyos Tarocco rosso
Folha murcha Fukumoto Tomango
Hamlin (Norris) Gillemberg
EXPORTER IMPORTER EXPORTER IMPORTER EXPORTER IMPORTER
Jaffa Lane late
Marrs Leng
Brazil U.S.A. Brazil U.S.A. Spain France Natal Navelate
1er 2,137 906 258 172 1,297 459 Ovale

Parson Brown
Navelina
Newhall In the
Belgium Netherlands U.S.A. Germany South Africa China Pera Palmer commercialization of
2o 749 730 114 128 770 437 Pineapple Powell summer fruit and juice, the
Salustiana Ricalate quality classification is
Netherlands France Mexico Japan Egypt Germany
Shamouti Rohde based on factors
3o 693 649 51 45 666 425
Trovita Skaggs bonanza associated with its
Mexico Belgium Germany U.K. U.S.A. Netherlands Valencia Thompson color, flavor, degree of
4o 469 636 44 34 625 394
delta seedless
Valencia
Washington sweetness (Brix scale)
and its acidity.
U.S.A. Germany U.K. China Netherlands Hong Kong late frost
5o 359 616 23 33 297 368 Valencia

midknight seedless
Verna
Westin
Source: SIAP with data from the General Customs Administration, the Ministry of Economy and the International Trade Center.
112
JACKFRUIT: fruit hugs Nayarit and
Veracruz are the
main jackfruit
Jackfruit cultivation
producing states
began in Mexico in the
in Mexico
state of Nayarit, around
1985. Its adaptation was
successful according to
the required climatic
conditions and other
states have now joined.
The trend of the area 23,995 tonnes were produced in 2018.
planted in the last 5 years Nayarit and Veracruz contributed 97.3% to
is increasing. the total national production. The
production value was 149.7 million MXN.
2018 Production value in Mexico (million MXN)

160.00
140.00
120.00
100.00
Jackfruit 80.00
benefits 60.00
Smoothies 40.00
It improves
20.00
immunity and helps
prevent cancer. Uses: 0.00
Ice cream Jelly Nayarit Veracruz Jalisco Colima Michoacán Hidalgo
It is rich in It is usually
magnesium. consumed fresh, in
the kitchen as a Propagation methods
It prevents
cardiovascular diseases.
meat substitute and
in the preparation of • The seed is soaked in
It improves drinks and desserts. preferably warm water
digestion due to its By seed
for 24 hours.
high fiber content.
Burritos
Jam
It prevents • Cleft grafting (low
osteoporosis. success rate) and grafts
By grafting
by splicing.
Can help regulate
blood sugar levels.
• New plants sprout from
Hamburgers By air
It prevents layers branches of the tree
constipation. with the help of growth
hormones.
World leaders in jackfruit production

The average yield of
Country Production (tonnes)
jackfruit cultivation in
Did you know? India 1,436 Mexico was 16.8
tonnes/ha for 2018.
Jackfruit is considered the
Bangladesh 996
largest tree fruit in the
world. It can weigh up to
Thailand 392
50 kg, with an average size
of 60 cm long. Its flavor is
Indonesia 340
a mixture between
mango, banana, peach,
melon, pineapple, orange According to the Food and Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations, India is the largest producer,
and kiwi.
while Bangladesh is considered the second largest
producer. Other major producers of jackfruit are
Thailand, Indonesia and Nepal.
Source: SIAP
113
Nopal National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018

Average
2 Mexico City Center 203,888 0.02

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 29,355 -1.4

The geography of the cacti crop
indicates an accentuated presence
in the central area of the country. Morelos continues to
Morelos and Mexico City house the incorporate more hectares
largest areas of nopal production. to the nopal crop, with a
production curve that gives it
the highest income from its
Annual per capita sale: 730 million MXN in 2018.
consumption
Mexico
City
27.7
Morelos
34.7
6.4 kg Estado de
México
8.8

Average
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
5.1%
Thousand hectares
13 NA 12 853 2,100 68.7 2,460

Annual
2017-2018
1.0 NA 2.9 2.9 20.6 -0.04 17.2
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
0.8 NA 0.6 1.5 4.3 0.9 2.8

During the year, the harvests of this perennial plant allow for a minimum availability of 16,000 tonnes in January and a maximum of 152,000 tonnes in April.
2.0 9.7 9.5 18.2 14.0 11.7 7.0 6.1 5.1 5.1 5.3 6.3
114
Nopal
2018 Foreign trade

The export of nopal shows a year-on-year increase of 19.3% in sales value
and 4% in volume. The amount sold abroad represents 6% of the total
Mexican production of this vegetable.
The North American market is the main buyer of Mexican nopal, with
acquisitions that amounted to 51,598 tonnes during 2018.
Opuntia spp
Description
Main buyer Suppliers Of the Cactaceae family, nopales make up the largest plant group by number of
(Mexican imports) species and distribution. They are characterized by their flat stems or leafs in the
19,224,360* form of pallets, covered with small clusters of rigid hairs called gloquidia and,
- United States - United States usually, also with spines.
* USD
Product
Buyers - United States
"Nopalitos" are shoots or tender pencas (cladodes or pads) of 10 to 15
cm long. They are fleshy, green and flattened, and are consumed
- South Korea as vegetables. Fresh nopal has a high content of zinc,
- Belgium phosphorus, calcium and fiber. It also provides vitamin
Even when various
- Japan C and is considered beneficial for the treatment of
- Czech Republic
types and by-products various conditions.
- Thailand of Mexican nopal are
- El Salvador exported, the fresh plants
- United Arab Emirates prevail in the commercial
- Taiwan flow.
- United Kingdom
- Switzerland

19.3 Volume
0 51,657 51,657 -100.0 4.0
tonnes
16.0 Value
14.0
million 0.00001 19.3 19.3 -97.7 21.1
12.7
USD
Increase Decrease
9.5 9.4
8.0
4.1
3.6
2.9
Imports
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0004 0.00001
Exports The fruits of nopales are an abundant
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 source of vitamins (especially C) and
amino acids; while its stems are associated
with the reduction of blood glucose and
Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) cholesterol levels.
Imports 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Exports 6.4 9.3 10.2 9.1 8.2 7.2 8.4 7.8 7.6 9.7 7.6 8.5
115
Nuts National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018

Average 3 Coahuila Northeast 16,329 2.3
7 Puebla Center 743 194
8 San Luis Potosí Center-West 553 -35.1
9 Aguascalientes Center-West 524 34.0

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 1,173 1.3

In Mexico, nut cultivation focuses on
Sonora
the pecan variety, activity in which the 14.2
country is one of the world leaders. Chihuahua
High foreign demand and sales prices 67.2 Among the Mexican fruit crops, nuts
encourage the establishment of more generate the fourth largest income for
orchards in the main producing states
Coahuila
9.3
their sale: 12.534 billion MXN in 2018. The
in the north. leading state (Chihuahua) contributes
67.2 percent of that amount.
Annual per capita

consumption
0.9 kg
2018 Indicators
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
0.7%
Thousand hectares
135 NA 97 160 12,534 1.6 78,565

Annual
2017-2018
9.7 NA 7.4 8.4 9.9 0.9 1.4
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
5.4 NA 4.5 3.7 13.6 -0.8 9.6

In Mexico, the nut harvest season begins in August and ends in December.
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.8 18.1 39.1 41.5
116
World ranking
5 th
The area planted with walnuts in Mexico
represents 8.2% of the world’s total destined
Nuts
for this crop.
world
producer Mexico
Half of the international production of this
159,535 seed is harvested in China.
tonnes
2018 Foreign trade

The foreign trade flow of Mexican nut corresponds mostly to the pecan variety.
This is in synergy with the location of the regional nut producing zone of the
northern states of Mexico and the southern United States.
Carya illinoinensis
91.6% of the Mexican nut exports goes to the United States, while 97.7% of the
volume imported by Mexico comes from that country.
Description
It is a monoecious deciduous tree, which can reach a height of 30 meters. Its bark is light
Main buyer Suppliers gray or brown, covered with scales or lamellar exfoliations. It has leaves of up to 25 cm in
(Mexican imports) length, which are usually smooth or with hairs. The male pendulum catkins are composed
722,080,459* of numerous flowers, with barely hairy stamens, measuring about 20 cm long with
- United States - United States - Guinea-Bissau
- Brazil - Ghana a protrusion covered with glandular trichomes. It also has female inflorescences in
* USD terminal spikes.
- Bolivia - Guatemala
- Vietnam - Peru
Buyers - Chile - Spain Product
(exports from Mexico) It is a large fruit with a fleshy mesocarp and a hard, wrinkled endocarp,
- China - Russia divided in two brown valves. The interior is incompletely divided into two
- Vietnam - Switzerland Importers and Exporters or four cells. The seed has 2 or 4 lobes and many holes. Its fruits or
- Hong Kong - Belarus - United States seeds have a hard shell and are provided with a skin that separates
- United - Vietnam easily from the edible inner nugget. The monosperm fruit is
- United Arab
- Guatemala formed from an ovary composed of hardened external
Kingdom Emirates
walls until it acquires a woody and indehiscent
- Germany - Guatemala consistency, which means it does not open
to release the seed.
In the world, Canada, the Netherlands and the U.K. are the countries
that make the largest imports of nuts.

(million USD)
Trade flow
2017-2018 Variation (%)
768
Volume
666 40,747 89,500 48,753 66.7 38.8
tonnes
610
Value
million 224 768 543 65.6 25.8
464 USD
405 Increase
278 270
224
200
172
132 133 135
116
85.8
76 Imports
25.8 37.3 The pecan tree is Coahuila’s representative
15.8 18.6
Exports tree. The state’s name comes from the
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Nahuatl words quauil, which means tree,
and la, which means abundance. The first
plantation of pecan nuts in Mexico was
established in the state of Nuevo León back
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec in 1904.
Imports 9.9 11.6 9.9 11.6 8.5 9.4 10.9 11.4 7.9 4.2 2.8 1.9
Exports 7.9 7.6 6.0 4.8 4.9 4.8 3.8 4.6 3.5 8.2 19.5 24.4
117
Potato National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018
Average

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 154,651 14.0

The year-on-year increase Sonora
in potato volume during 24.3
2018 is associated with the Even though Sonora only has the second
better yields in 16 of the 21 largest sowed surface of this vegetable,
producing states of this its productivity allows it to generate the
tuber. most significant volume—which reached
a value of 3.436 billion MXN.
Annual per capita
consumption
Sinaloa
17.4
Veracruz
9.8
15.4 kg

production of tubers Surface Volume Value Yield
Average
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
92.1%
Thousand hectares
60 0.03 60 1,803 14,165 29.9 7,858

Annual
2017-2018
1.7 -32.6 1.8 5.1 25.7 3.3 19.6
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
1.2 -3.9 1.2 2.1 2.5 0.8 0.4
Increase Decrease

There are two periods of greater availability of this tuber in our nation: February-April and October-November.
3.4 11.0 11.1 14.0 6.9 8.6 6.2 5.3 4.9 12.5 11.4 4.7
118
World ranking
35 th
In the production of this tuber,
Mexican farmers obtain yields above
Potato
the international average.
world
producer Mexico
China owns 30% of the total area
1,802,592 destined for potato cultivation in

the world.
tonnes
2018 Foreign trade

In order to satisfy the internal consumption of potatoes, Mexico acquires
from abroad the equivalent of 6.8% of the national supply of this
vegetable.
During 2018, the country made imports of just over 132,000 tonnes of
Solanum tuberosum L.
tuber in fresh, of which 131,000 came from the United States—which is
historically our main supplier.
Description
It is an edible tuber that grows underground, with very branched roots; the stem is
thick, strong, angled, with a height that varies between 0.5 and 1 meter. The leaves
(Mexican imports)
1,446,543* are imparipinnate. The plant also has underground stems, the first ones are green
- Belize - United States and their tips turn into tubers. It is a species whose main physiological function
- China is to store nutrients in its tubers.
* USD
- France
- Belgium
- Colombia Product
Buyer The fruit is a rounded, elongated, oval berry that turns yellow or
(exports from Mexico) - Canada
reddish brown when ripe. It is made up of approximately 75%
- United States water and contains several vitamins, including vitamin C.
By volume of fresh potatoes acquired, Belgium
and the Netherlands are the highest importers;
Importer and Exporter while in cooked and frozen form Spain, Italy and
- United States the United Kingdom stand out.

(million USD)
Trade flow
2017-2018 Variation (%)
Volume
132,038 2,176 -129,862 11.5 1.4
49.7 tonnes
47.4
46
44.8
42.2
43.4 Value
38.4
million 60.3 1.5 -58.8 21.5 20.1
38.0
USD
33.3 Increase
Imports
0.7 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.7 1.2 1.5
Exports Potatoes can be stored for several
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 months under appropriate cold storage
conditions. In contrast, losses increase
considerably at room temperature.
Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) (FAO)
Imports 8.3 7.4 7.4 7.2 7.9 7.6 8.3 10.0 8.4 9.8 8.5 9.2
Exports 9.8 2.8 0.0 0.4 0.4 12.2 10.8 12.8 7.6 13.3 14.0 15.9
119
Papaya National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018

Average 2 Colima Center-West 193,894 15.5

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 57,634 17.2

In 2018, the volume of papaya
harvest in the country exceeded one
million tonnes. With similar number Oaxaca continues to be at the
of hectares established, Oaxaca, forefront in the cultivation of this
Colima, Chiapas and Veracruz lead fruit. It has an annual volume of
the national production. 315,000 tonnes and an income of
1.999 billion MXN for its sale.
Annual per capita

consumption
Colima
22.0
7.1 kg
Oaxaca
32.3 Chiapas
12.6
2018 Indicators
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
4.5%
Thousand hectares
19 NA 18 1,040 6,186 58.0 5,949

Annual
2017-2018
3.7 NA 7.6 8.1 25.0 0.5 15.6
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
1.3 NA 1.6 4.4 10.4 2.8 5.8
Increase Does not apply

Mexico presents a steady supply in its monthly volume of papaya, with a minimum of 62,000 tonnes in January and a maximum of 88,000 tonnes in June.
6.6 8.4 9.3 8.2 9.0 9.4 8.6 8.2 7.4 8.1 8.4 8.4
Medium availability
120
World ranking
3 rd
The Mexican volume of this crop
contributes 7.4% of the world papaya
Papaya
harvests.
world
producer Mexico
India, the leading producer of the
1,039,820 fruit, contributes almost half of the

international production.
tonnes
2018 Foreign trade

Even though in 2018 there was a 5.1% drop in the exported national
volume, the level and price of its international sale are an incentive for
the establishment of larger areas of the crop.
Carica papaya L.
The papaya that Mexico exports reaches 14 countries. Following the
United States, Canada makes the largest acquisitions of the national
fruit’s harvest.
Description
It is a herbaceous plant, fleshy, fragile, very spongy and hollow in its central part. It
reaches up to 9 meters in height. Its leaves are dark green, thick and up to 80 cm long,
they are alternate and close together. Papayas are also called papaws or pawpaws.
(Mexican imports)
78,747,809* Product
- United States - Thailand
The fruit is ovoid and oblong, 10 to 25 cm or longer, and 7 to 15 cm or more
- Costa Rica
* USD in diameter. It is pear-shaped or almost cylindrical, large, fleshy, juicy,
longitudinally grooved at the top, green or yellowish-orange when ripe,
Buyers Mexico is the world leader in with numerous black, rounded or ovoid parietal seeds which are
enclosed in a transparent, sub-acidic layer.
(exports from Mexico) international papaya sales—its
- Canada - Japan exported volume represents
- Germany - Australia
44.4% of the world total,
- Brazil - United Kingdom
- Netherlands - Cuba competing with Guatemala
- Spain - Italy and Brazil.

(million USD)
Trade flow
2017-2018 Variation (%)
91
81 79.7
77 Volume
293 155,592 155,300 125 -5.1
tonnes
Value
60.6
57.8 million 0.290 79.7 79.437 95.0 3.6
USD
40.4 40.9
Imports It is recognized for its medicinal

0 0 0 0.212 0.265 0.149 0.29
0.002 0.073 0.006 Exports properties for the intestine and as an
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 input for the juice industry. It is usually
consumed fresh and sliced, covered
with lemon juice, chili powder and
Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) salt, and/or with other fruits to form a
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec cocktail.
Imports 2.1 3.6 7.9 18.4 13.9 6.1 5.8 7.0 8.9 8.2 8.2 9.9
Exports 5.2 6.8 9.3 8.3 9.6 9.5 8.5 9.1 8.5 9.4 8.2 7.6
121
Cucumber National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
(tonnes) 2017-2018

Average 3 Michoacán Center-West 103,402 -4.0

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 99,764 16.6

With a production vocation
for the supply of the domestic Sonora
and international markets, 26.5
the cultivation of cucumber
Sinaloa and Sonora are the leading
continues to strengthen its place
producers of this vegetable, while
among the vegetables that
Baja California the best selling prices are from
Mexico produces and exports 7.9 Sonoran farmers.
the most.
Annual per capita

consumption
Sinaloa
27.2
2.4 kg
2018 Indicators
production of vegetables rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
6.4%
Thousand hectares
20 0.03 20 1,072 6,330 54.7 5,905

Annual
2017-2018
-2.9 16.7 -2.9 12.1 15.0 15.5 2.6
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
3.2 -13.2 3.3 10.6 18.2 7.0 6.9
Increase Decrease

Among the states that produce cucumber, six have conditions to harvest throughout the year, while Sinaloa (leading producer) only does it between January and May.
9.7 14.0 12.0 11.5 12.2 6.2 3.4 4.2 5.4 6.5 7.8 7.1
122
World ranking
6 th
Mexico obtains yields above the international
average for this vegetable.
Cucumber
world The world production of these cucurbits
producer Mexico
amounts to just under 84 million tonnes.
1,072,048 China contributes three quarters of that

volume.
tonnes
2018 Foreign trade

The increase in the Mexican harvest of this vegetable allows a surplus
for international sale. Of the national production of cucumber, 72.3% is
destined for other countries.
Cucumis sativus L.
The United States acquires the largest volume of this vegetable exported by
Mexico. Its annual purchases exceed 750,000 tonnes per year.
Description
It is a berry fruit, from a herbaceous climbing plant that receives the same name. Its
Main buyer main stem is angular and prickly, creeping and climbing, with dark green leaves and
covered with a very fine hair. Its flowers have yellow petals. The leaf is simple, with a
336,835,786*
- United States Slightly over 2.9 million long petiole and large hard blade. It belongs to the cucurbits family.
* USD tonnes of cucumber are

traded between countries, of Product
The fruit is a rough or smooth pepo (depending on the variety), light to
Buyers which 95% are fresh. Mexico dark green, or yellowish when fully ripe. The pulp is watery, whitish
could reach a higher income in color, with seeds distributed throughout the inside of the fruit.
- Canada - Cuba These seeds are presented in variable quantity and are oval,
- United - Japan
by exporting more canned
somewhat flat and yellowish-white.
Kingdom - Germany cucumber products.
- Costa Rica - France

(million USD)
Trade flow
347
2017-2018 Variation (%)
314
286
Volume
0 774,857 774,857 NA 1.8
243 tonnes
222
Value
193
million 0 347 347 NA 10.6
USD
156
138 138 NA Does not apply Increase
131
Imports
0.0115 0 2.5 0 0 0 0
0.012 0.001 0.0004
Exports With a similar shape, they have
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 a namesake in those animals
of the holothuroid class: sea
cucumbers.

Imports 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Exports 12.0 10.6 11.1 9.6 10.2 5.8 5.2 3.8 3.9 7.0 9.1 11.7
123
Pear National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
(tonnes) 2017-2018

Average
6 Chiapas South-Southeast 500 11.1
7 Durango Northeast 495 -22.0
8 Mexico City Center 341 24.1
9 Oaxaca South-Southeast 221 -6.5

10 Tlaxcala Center 210 -2.3
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 711 -18.2

The surface planted with pear
orchards is distributed across 148
municipalities. In 95 of them, the The better selling prices obtained for
yield is lower than the national the crops of Michoacán determine its
average (7.22 tonnes per hectare). greater participation in the national pear
production value, although Puebla has the
largest planting and production areas.
Annual per capita
consumption
Veracruz
12.8
0.9 kg Michoacán
35.9
Puebla
27.1
2018 Indicators
production of fruits rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
0.1%
Thousand hectares
4 NA 4 30 126 7.3 4,210

Annual
2017-2018
-2.0 NA -2.0 7.3 -1.4 9.5 -8.1
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
0.9 NA 1.0 2.1 6.9 1.1 4.7

The largest volume of the fruit is cut between July and October, with a maximum of 7,500 tonnes in September.
0.2 0.0 0.0 1.3 2.2 6.8 19.8 20.4 28.7 17.4 1.9 1.3
124
World ranking
Pear
36
In the Americas, Mexico ranks
th fourth in the production
of this fruit.
world
producer Mexico
World pear production amounts
29,973 to a little over 24 million

annually, with the contribution
tonnes of China representing two thirds.
2018 Foreign trade

Of the slightly more than 108,000 tonnes of pear consumed in the country every
year, three quarters come from abroad.
In 2018, 93.9% of the volume of this fruit imported by Mexico was acquired from
U.S. producers and another 4.3% from Argentina. Pyrus communis L.
Description
Main buyer Suppliers Pear trees are mostly deciduous. They are of the Rosaceae family. With erect
(Mexican imports)
119,169 and gray trunks, their leaves are oval of up to 10 cm, having a bright dark
- Belize - United States - Netherlands green line. They also have white flowers. The fruit is called pear.
- Argentina - Portugal
* USD
- Chile - South Korea Product
- China - France The fruit is fleshy, shaped like a light bulb; its shell is smooth and
Buyers
(exports from Mexico) green, yellow, brown or reddish in color, slightly flattened
and with cellulosic content. The pulp is white, greenish,
- United States
compact and juicy, but slightly “floury” on the
- United Arab Emirates China is the largest exporter of this palate. It’s flavor is sweet, aromatic, and
agricultural good with about 500,000 it has small seeds that are brown,
Importer and Exporter semi-flat and hard.
tonnes per year, while the Russian
- United States Federation is the main importer with
271,000 tonnes.

(million USD)
Trade flow
2017-2018 Variation (%)
98.4 97.8
Volume
89.5 78,225 105 -78,119 12.8 66.0
85
82.9 tonnes
80
73.6 Value
67.9 million 82.9 0.150 82.731 12.6 82.8
USD
55.3
Increase
48
Pear production in our country is carried

out with a technique called “backyard”
Imports
or “boundary” agriculture. In a large part
0.042 0.043 0.037 0.037 0.051 0.067 0.037 0.048 0.082 0.15 Exports of the producing states, its cultivation
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 serves to help the economy of the
producers during the time when cycle
products (mostly grains) are in the
Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) development stage.
Imports 9.4 7.0 9.0 9.2 7.3 7.8 4.6 6.7 8.9 9.5 11.6 9.0
Exports 5.0 4.7 5.7 4.7 5.2 5.7 4.5 21.5 13.3 5.5 6.9 17.3
125
Pineapple National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
(tonnes) 2017-2018

Average 2 Oaxaca South-Southeast 139,867 7.2
3 Tabasco South-Southeast 55,583 -1.5
9 Campeche South-Southeast 1,277 -11.3

10 Guerrero Center 526 -4.5
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 453 43.5

The annual volume of pineapple
produced in Mexico is close to
one million tonnes. The historical
increase recorded in recent years Derived from its planting area, its
and the progressive improvement crop yields and the sales value of
in yields forecast a volume of up to its production, Veracruz leads the
1.050 million tonnes in 2019. pineapple activity in Mexico.
Annual per capita

consumption
Veracruz
64.1
7.4 kg
Quintana Roo
7.1
Oaxaca
11.6
2018 Indicators
Average
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
4.3%
Thousand hectares
43 NA 21 1,000 4,256 48.1 4,258

Annual
2017-2018
0.3 NA 3.8 5.8 7.3 1.9 1.5
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
4.8 NA 2.2 3.3 8.7 1.0 5.2
Increase Does not apply

A steady volume of this fruit is cut month by month, with the monthly minimums of 100,000 tonnes obtained during the period between April and August stading out.
6.5 6.4 8.3 11.2 8.7 12.1 12.4 11.3 6.4 5.9 5.8 5.0
126
World ranking
10 th
In pineapple production, Mexico has yields
that almost double the international
Pineapple
average in this crop.
world
producer Mexico
Costa Rica maintains the leadership in
999,593 the production of this tropical fruit. It

contributes 11.2% to the world’s production
tonnes volume.
2018 Foreign trade

Although the exportable supply registered an annual decrease of 14%, pineapple
or anana is another fruit in which Mexico registers progressive annual increases
in its harvest during 2018.
Commercial origin-destination Ananas comosus L.

Mexico has managed to sell this fruit of the tropics to 14 countries. The U.S.
market stands out with 75,640 tonnes acquired in the last year. Description
The plant is a perennial herb that grows 1 to 1.5 m tall. When the fruit is going to
be produced, about 200 flowers are generated, whose fruits combine to form the
Main buyer Suppliers pineapple. Each plant has between 70 and 80 leaves, which are blades or sheets
(Mexican imports) arranged in a spiral, usually in layers. Some varieties have thorns on the edges of the
30,936,376* leaves. Its flowers have foliar scales that retain water.
- United States - Costa Rica - Brazil The embryo of the plant has a single leaf or cotyledon.
- Thailand - Sri Lanka
* USD
- Guatemala - Peru
- Puerto Rico - France Product
Buyers - United States - Chile It is an oval and thick fruit that measures on average 30 cm long and 15 cm
(exports from Mexico) in diameter. The edible pulp is surrounded by green debracteas
- Italy - Israel that turn orange when ripe, forming the skin of the fruit. At the
- South Korea - Japan Importers and Exporters upper end, the bracts are transformed into a crown of leaves.
- Russia - Greece - United States The United States is the main The pulp, yellow or white, is fleshy, aromatic, juicy and
- France sweet. Inside there is a hard fibrous core that
- France - United Arab importer of pineapple in the goes from the crown to the pedicle.
- Germany
- Spain Emirates world. It acquires more than
- Germany 1.1 million tonnes every year.
In that purchase, the sales of
Mexico represent 6.3% and its
main competitor is Costa Rica.
2017-2018 Variation (%)
42.4
Volume
37.9 891 75,821 74,930 9.9 -14.0
tonnes
31.2 Value
million 1.4 31.2 29.8 -14.1 -26.5
25.7 USD
23.9 24.8
20.7
17.5
It grows in tropical and subtropical

Imports
1.1 1.3 1.5 1.1
2.3 1.6 1.4 climates. Depending on the cultivar and
0.4 0.9 0.9
Exports the climate, it takes between 17 and 23
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 months for the plant to grow
and bear fruit.
Imports 17.2 9.9 4.5 3.8 9.5 2.6 8.5 7.3 11.0 6.8 12.2 6.7
Exports 6.3 7.8 11.4 11.4 14.7 10.2 7.5 4.8 7.5 7.5 5.5 5.4
127
Banana National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
(tonnes) 2017-2018
Average

8 Oaxaca South-Southeast 62,311 -6.1

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 14,828 27.4

During 2018, the higher crop yields of
this fruit across 12 of the 16 states with
banana plantations determined an The significant sale prices of
annual increase of 125,000 tonnes in bananas from Tabasco determine
the harvested volume. its leadership in production value,
although Chiapas has the most
extensive sowed surface and reaps
Annual per capita the largest volume.
consumption
Veracruz
12.6
Tabasco
26.8
14.2 kg
Chiapas
20.8
2018 Indicators
Average
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
10.2%
Thousand hectares
80 NA 79 2,354 7,996 30.0 3,396

Annual
2017-2018
-0.7 NA 1.7 5.6 14.8 3.9 8.7
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
0.2 NA 0.4 0.6 4.9 0.2 4.2

Mexican banana plantations are harvested throughout the year, with a minimum of 147,000 tonnes in January and a maximum of 243,000 in June.
6.6 7.6 7.1 7.8 8.5 10.6 9.9 8.6 8.4 8.7 7.7 8.5
128
World ranking
Banana
12
Internationally, Mexico contributes
th one out of every 50 tonnes to the
total production volume of this
world fruit.
producer Mexico
2,354,479 One in every four tonnes of this

agricultural good originate in the
tonnes banana plantations of India.
2018 Foreign trade

The 0.7% decline in the exported volume of this Mexican fruit was determined
by lower purchases from several regular buyers such as the Netherlands,
Russia and Spain.
In 2018, the nations to which Mexican bananas were exported reached their Musa paradisiaca L.
maximum number: 43 destinations. Among them, the United States and some
European countries stand out. Description
It is a large plant, considered as a herb, because its aerial parts die and fall to the
ground when the growing season ends. It is perennial because the base then
Main buyer Suppliers develops a shoot, which replaces the mother plant. What appears to be the trunk is,
(Mexican imports)
192,578,172* in fact, a pseudo stem. Its leaves are smooth and tender, and they are among the
- United States - Peru - Spain largest in the plant kingdom. It produces 300 to 400 fruits per spike, weighing
- Philippines - United States more than 50 kg.
* USD
- Ecuador - France
Buyers - Guatemala - Germany
- China - Brazil
Product
(exports from Mexico) The fruit of the plant is elongated in the shape of a half moon. It
- Japan - Italy measures approximately 15 cm long, has a light yellow peel with
- Netherlands - Ukraine Importers and Exporters black spots, which when removed reveal a fleshy, sweet,
- Russia - New Zealand - United States - Brazil yellow pulp with abundant soft seeds. There are
- South Korea - Spain - Spain - Germany varieties such as cavendish, manzano, grand
- United - Guatemala - Guatemala - France naine and plantains—which can be fried.
Kingdom
23.3 million tonnes of this fruit are traded internationally

every year, with a monetary exchange of more than 13.561
billion USD. The United States is the largest buyer and
Ecuador the main supplier.

(million USD)
2017-2018 Variation (%)
270
Volume
179 574,059 573,880 42.2 -0.7
tonnes
196
Value
181
169
million 0.650 270 269.561 28.7 3.7
USD
151
Increase Decrease
122
62.2 61.1
54.8 Banana is mainly used for human
consumption and is usually boiled or
Imports
fried once it reaches maturity (green)
0.255 0.305 0.222 0.168 0.326 0.355 0.321 0.294 0.505 0.65
Exports
or is consumed fresh as a ripe fruit. This
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
crop has great potential to implement
improved production methods and post-
Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) harvest techniques. (FAO)
Imports 8.6 13.1 5.7 0.1 0.7 2.6 0.0 7.4 31.7 0.0 15.1 15.0
Exports 6.3 7.2 9.0 8.7 8.6 8.6 8.8 9.2 9.0 9.4 7.4 7.8
129
Rose National production volume

(thousand grosses)
Rank State
per state
Region
(grosses) 2017-2018

Average
9 Mexico City Center 1,501 -12.0

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Most of the sowed surface of this
ornamental flower is located in the
states of the center of the country. It Estado de México is the main
is the most important species within floriculturist of roses. The
this type of crop. cultivation area was expanded
in 7 of its 11 producing
municipalities.
Querétaro
8.0
Puebla
7.9
Estado de
México
75.6
2018 Indicators
production of ornamentals Surface Volume Value Yield
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
Thousand Million Grosses MXN
25.7%
grosses MXN / hectare / gross
Thousand hectares
2 NA 2 9,044 2,163 5,626 239

Annual
2017-2018
-3.7 NA -7.0 0.4 9.4 7.9 9.0
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
1.9 NA 1.6 3.4 7.7 1.8 4.2

With a cut that exceeds one million grosses, February, May and December are the months of maximum availability of rose.
2.2 13.9 9.3 6.7 15.1 9.1 4.0 6.3 4.2 6.4 9.3 13.5
130
Rose
2018 Foreign trade

Mexico registers a favorable foreign trade flow of goods associated with the
cultivation of ornaments, mainly cuttings and flowers. Exports in 2018 reached a
value of 6.555 million USD and imports reached 179,000.
The main destination of Mexican roses is the United States, and Ecuador is the main Rosa spp.
supplier of our rose imports.
Description
It belongs to the rosaceae family. The leaves are alternate, rough and petiolated,
Main buyer Suppliers composed of an odd number of elliptical leaflets, with serrated edges. The
(Mexican imports)
6,516,638* flowers are terminal, solitary or in clusters, with an oval or round calyx, with
- United States - Colombia - Netherlands a corolla composed of 5 round or heart-shaped petals, concave, and with
- Ecuador - Germany many stamens and pistils.
* USD
Buyers For the annual amount corresponding Product

(exports from Mexico) to imports of this floricultural product, They present clustered inflorescences, which form
corymbs. These are generally aromatic, complete
- Canada the Germans make the largest and hermaphroditic, regular, and radially
- Belarus purchases of rose grafts (27,000 USD) symmetrical. The flower of the members of
- Belize this genus is called “rose” and the
and the Dutch of flowers in general
plant “rose bush”.
(620,000 USD).

2017-2018 Variation (%)
8.1
7.3
Volume
10 2,385 2,374 496 -19.3
6.6
6.4
6.6 tonnes
6.2
Value
5.1 million 0.179 6.6 6,376 162 2.4
4.8
4.5
USD
4.5
Increase Decrease
Did you know that the War of the Two

Roses (1455-1485) owes its name to the
0.692 0.634 Imports fact that both houses that fought for
0.396
0.217 0.243 0.098 0.136 0.175 0.068 0.179
Exports possession of the throne of England had
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 a rose as an emblem? The York house
was identified by a white rose; while the
Lancaster house, by a red rose.
Imports 4.8 9.7 22.8 3.3 26.2 17.7 0.1 1.2 6.1 4.5 3.3 0.3
Exports 6.3 18.6 6.7 8.5 19.0 6.0 4.3 4.6 4.4 6.5 6.5 8.6
131
Watermelon National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
(tonnes) 2017-2018
Average 2 Jalisco Center-West 133,341 2.6


2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 200,053 1.9

A historical high in this crop’s yield Sonora
(49.51 tonnes per hectare) in the 49.7
leading watermelon producing state, Half of the value of the sales of this
supports the continuous rise in the fruit correspond to the farmers
national production volume. from Sonora, who produce the
cambray variety mainly.
Annual per capita

consumption
Veracruz
6.8
Jalisco
6.4 kg 8.8
2018 Indicators
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
6.4%
Thousand hectares
42 1 41 1,472 5,647 35.8 3,835

Annual
2017-2018
-0.4 24.7 -0.7 10.6 22.3 11.4 10.6
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
-0.9 -18.5 0.2 4.3 8.9 4.1 4.4
Increase Decrease

Guerrero, Michoacán, Sonora and Veracruz have productive conditions that allow them to obtain watermelon throughout all the year.
5.5 9.1 9.9 14.2 13.9 8.6 9.1 7.5 6.5 5.0 6.0 4.7
132
World ranking
10 th
Mexican agriculture contributes 1.1%
to the worldwide production of this
Watermelon
cucurbitaceae.
world
producer Mexico
China generates two out of every
1,472,459 three tonnes of watermelon

harvested in the world, which they
tonnes grow in 1.849 million hectares of land.
2018 Foreign trade

Mexico ranks third in the exported volume of watermelon, which represents
14.7% of the worldwide total. However, the better prices paid for its sale place
it as the second country that receives more income for its foreign trade.
The international sales of this national agricultural crop are destined mainly Citrullus lanatus
to the U.S., which in 2018 bought 667,107 tonnes from Mexico and 124,000
from other providers. Description
It is a creeping plant, which extends along the field. Its main root is deep with several
secondary ones; most are between 30 and 50 cm deep. The primary stem emits
secondary and tertiary stems. The foliage can take up to 5 square meters of land. The
Main buyer Supplier stems are herbaceous, green, covered with hair and, when they spread on the soil,
(Mexican imports) they can reach a length of up to 6 meters. It grows yellow, solitary flowers.
140,009,860*
- United States
- United States
Product
* USD
The fruit is rounded or stretched, with a weight ranging from 2 to
20 kg. The color of the skin can be completely green or have
- United States yellowish or grayish stripes. The pulp is red, pink or yellow.
Buyers There are seedless watermelons and others with many
(exports from Mexico) The United States, Germany, Iraq, Canada, seeds, which are either black or white.
- Canada - Cuba China and France lead the international
- Japan - France purchases of watermelon, with annual
- Guatemala imports exceeding 200,000 tonnes each.

2017-2018 Variation (%)
140 140 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports
127
126 Volume
118 1,585 677,198 675,613 30.7 1.0
tonnes
98.9 Value
million 0.538 140 139.606 8.2 10.0
USD
76 74.6 78.1
74.1 Increase
Imports Watermelon juice is mineralizing and

0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.538 Exports oxidizing, as well as diuretic. It is used to
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 combat rheumatism, arthritis, heartburn
and high blood pressure.

Imports 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.6 28.2 38.1 22.8 6.3 0.0 0.0
Exports 4.3 6.0 8.8 18.5 27.7 10.2 1.8 1.0 1.9 8.4 6.8 4.6
133
2009-2018
Fodder
Top 10 in production volume
(thousand tonnes)
sorghum
Rank State Region
(tonnes) 2017-2018
1 Sinaloa Northwest 1,025,453 70.3
Average 2 Coahuila Northeast 724,758 21.6


2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 245,586 -4.1
Thirteen of the twenty-six states

that planted green sorghum
in 2018 show a decrease in the Coahuila Farmers from Coahuila achieved the largest
harvested volume compared to 21.2 income for the sale of their harvest during
that of the previous year. 2018: 454 million MXN.
Sinaloa
17.8
Durango
14.4
2018 Indicators
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
3.2%
Thousand hectares
174 2 172 3,924 2,147 22.8 547

Annual
2017-2018
-10.6 59.8 -11.0 10.6 11.5 24.3 0.8
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
-3.5 -21.1 -2.9 -2.8 0.8 0.04 3.7
Increase Decrease

The maximum volumes of this forage are obtained during December and August, with up to 945,000 tonnes in November.
6.2 3.1 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.6 2.6 13.8 12.0 16.7 26.2 12.5
134
Fodder
sorghum
2018 Foreign trade

The Mexican trade flow of this fodder crop does not register significant
transactions, which indicates that national consumption is based on the
supply of the domestic harvest.
The sporadic international trade of the sorghum plant in Mexico is limited Sorghum vulgare L.
exclusively to the United States, although the trade balance is favorable for the
neighboring northern country.
Description
It is a plant of the grass family, with reeds 2 to 3 meters high. Its root system can reach
Buyer up to 2 meters deep. It has three kinds of roots: lateral, adventitious and aerial. It
2,723* develops between 7 and 24 leaves, depending on the variety. Its stem is compact,
sometimes spongy, with thickened nodes and inflorescences in compact,
- United States Switzerland is the main
semi-compact or semi-lax panicles.
* USD
importer of dry fodder in the
world. In 2018, it acquired Product
Supplier
(Mexican imports) 372,000 tonnes from European The entire plant is cut before or after flowering, either when it is
countries with geographical green or when dry. It is always used as animal feed and can
- United States be grinded, kept in silos, tedded, etc.
proximity.
- United States

(USD) Trade flow
2017-2018 Variation (%)
95,372
Volume
92 22 -71 NA 39.9
tonnes
68,892 Value
USD 23,400 2,723 -20,677 NA 64.2
23,913 25,408 23,400
14,796
Sorghum is a plant native to India and
8,529 Imports
4,332 2,723
one of the main crops in Mexico. Its
0 137 0 0 1,590 224 0 0 2,139 0 1,659
Exports production is used almost entirely for
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 animal feeding. It can be ground, kept in
silos or tedded.
Imports 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0
Exports 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.8 0.0 83.2 0.0 0.0
135
Grain
(thousand tonnes)
sorghum
Rank State Region
(tonnes) 2017-2018
1 Tamaulipas Northeast 1,935,482 -12.3

Promedio
Average 3 Michoacán Center-West 361,738 22.9
6,073
6,940
5,006
8,394
6,970
6,308
6,429
4,853
6,108
4,531
5,195
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 328,153 4.9

In 2018, it was not possible to obtain
harvests in 35,000 of the total
hectares planted with sorghum Sorghum grain is the third most
grain. Tamaulipas recorded 23,000 important fodder crop due to the
hectares with losses, which resulted monetary income generated by its sale.
in a decrease in the harvested yield In 2018, its production value reached
and volume. 15.981 billion MXN. Of that amount,
6.473 correspond to Tamaulipas.
Tamaulipas
40.5
Guanajuato
20.1
Michoacán
8.3
2018 Indicators
Average
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
3.7%
Thousand hectares
1,336 35 1,301 4,531 15,981 3.5 3,527

Annual
2017-2018
-8.3 22.6 -8.9 -6.6 4.4 2.5 11.8
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
-4.1 -20.1 -2.9 -3.3 2.2 -0.4 5.6
Increase Decrease

The significant availability of national grain of in May and June is derived from the harvest in Tamaulipas, while that of November and December comes from Guanajuato.
6.4 1.4 0.8 4.7 5.8 23.3 14.8 8.1 0.7 4.4 15.1 14.5
136
Grain
World ranking
3rd
With yields that double the international
sorghum
average, Mexico stands out as a major
producer of this grain.
world
producer Mexico
he United States continues to lead sorghum
T
4,531,097 production, contributing 16% to the world’s

availability.
tonnes
2018 Foreign trade

The combined effect of the prices and the level of availability of other grains for
livestock feed, as well as the volume of sorghum crops, has caused a decrease
in the volume imported by Mexico.
The total volume of this agricultural good acquired by the country comes from Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench
U.S. farmers, with a maximum price of 3,571 MXN per tonne at the border.
Description
It is a plant of the grass family, with reeds that can reach 1.5 meters high, filled with
Main buyer a white and somewhat sweet tissue, with hairy nodes but hairless, rough bordered
Importer and Exporter leaves. Its flowers appear in a loose, large, thick, clustered and hanging panicle,
390,375* - United States and with grains that are larger than hemp seeds, somewhat reddish, whitish
- United States or yellow.
* USD
In the world, China makes the Product
Buyer largest imports of sorghum grain Sorghum seeds measure 3 mm. They are spherical and oblong,
(exports from Mexico) black, reddish or yellow in color. Among its nutritional
with 3.650 million tonnes in 2018.
- Nicaragua properties, it has high quality sugars of slow absorption
During the same year, the United and a low fat content.
Supplier States was the largest exporter of
(Mexican imports) this grain: 4.046 million tonnes.
- United States

2017-2018 Variation (%)
647
Volume
208,662 2,332 -206,330 -50.2 -65.8
tonnes
478
Value
414
397 million 36.4 0.7 -35.7 -46.3 -59.9
USD
320 Decrease
112
67.7 In addition to being used to produce
Imports
39.9 36.4 livestock feed, grain sorghum is used in
0.03 0.05 0.2 0.1 0.0 12.9 1.1 0.3 1.5 1.6 0.7 Exports the extraction industry to obtain starch,
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 alcohol and glucose, among other
products.
Imports 2.6 1.2 1.7 1.5 1.9 1.1 4.7 4.3 7.0 13.3 41.1 19.6
Exports 13.7 37.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 49.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
137
Soy National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
(tonnes) 2017-2018
1 Campeche South-Southeast 86,934 -8.3

6 Chiapas South-Southeast 22,193 -7.7
9 Quintana Roo South-Southeast 5,817 -6.4

10 Nuevo León Northeast 921 -43.3
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 620 119

The combined effect of a smaller
sowed surface and low rainfall in the
producing areas of Tamaulipas and
Although Tamaulipas has historically
San Luis Potosí conditioned the lower
led the crop, Campeche obtained 618
productivity in soybean cultivation
million MXN for the sale of 86,934
in 2018.
tonnes of this oilseed—placing it in
the national first place.
Annual availability Tamaulipas

24.0
per capita
San Luis Potosí

43.9 kg 11.6 Campeche
28.0
2018 Indicators
Average
production of oilseeds Surface Volume Value Yield
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
59.8%
Thousand hectares
198 7 191 324 2,202 1.7 6,795

Annual
2017-2018
-25.7 89.3 -27.4 -25.2 -27.5 3.1 -3.1
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
8.8 -13.7 12.7 11.6 15.6 -1.0 3.6
Increase Decrease

The highest volumes of soybeans are obtained during November and December, reaching 165,000 tonnes in the last month of the year.
12.0 5.8 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.1 8.9 29.9 42.0
138
World ranking
Soy
16
In the world harvest of this oilseed,
th Mexico contributes one in every
thousand tonnes of grain.
world
producer Mexico
The extensive area planted with this
324,011 crop in the United States allows it to

be the main producer of soybeans
tonnes worldwide.
2018 Foreign trade

During 2018, there was a fall in the Mexican harvest of oilseed crops, a situation
that prompted a 19.4% increase in the external purchases of this grain.
4.874 million tonnes were imported from the United States and 305,000 from
Brazil. The Amazonian country is emerging as the second recurring supplier of Glycine max
soybeans to meet Mexican demand.

(Mexican imports)
142,607* It is an annual herbaceous plant, with a vegetative cycle that ranges from 3 to 7
- United States - United States months. The leaves, stems and pods are pubescent, the seed is generally spherical
* USD - Brazil and rich in proteins and oils. In some improved varieties, it has about 40 to 42%
protein and 20 to 22% oil, compared to its dry weight.
Buyers
(exports from Mexico) Product
- El Salvador - Venezuela Importer and Exporter The seed is usually spherical, with the size of a bean and yellow in
- United States color. It can be an excellent alternative for those who do not
- Belize - Honduras
consume animal protein or for those who want to reduce
their animal protein intake.
Among the nations that import the largest mounts of
this grain, Mexico makes the third largest purchases,
only after China and Argentina.

2017-2018 Variation (%)
1,984 1,969 1,952 Volume
1,908 5,178,840 260 -5,178,580 19.4 -31.8
tonnes
1,669
1,515
1,582 1,549 Value
1,502
million 1,952 0.231 1,951.330 16.9 1.8
1,357
USD
Increase Decrease
Imports Soybeans are toxic to humans and

0.174
monogastric animals, so they require
0.099 0.128 0.097 0.053 0.201 0.248 0.044 0.227 0.231 Exports
heat treatment to destroy trypsin
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
inhibitors.

Imports 6.3 4.7 9.2 7.7 9.9 8.5 11.2 7.6 9.0 11.2 8.9 5.8
Exports 9.9 7.5 19.7 2.3 2.9 6.6 12.8 7.8 10.9 10.9 5.8 2.9
139
Tobacco National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
per state
Region
(tonnes) 2017-2018

Average
3 Chiapas South-Southeast 372 1.6
5 Tabasco South-Southeast 2 6.7
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Even though the states with
tobacco plantations registered
an increase in yields due to
a smaller crop area during 83.7% of the crop's production value
2018, the produced volume corresponds to Nayarit, a state in which
was 12% lower than that of the one tonne of tobacco leaf reached an
previous year. average producer's sale price
of 37,070 MXN in 2018.
Annual availability
per capita
Veracruz
Nayarit 14.8
83.7
0.2 kg
Chiapas
1.2
2018 Indicators
Average
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
0.1%
Thousand hectares
7 NA 7 15 597 2.3 39,292

Annual
2017-2018
-13.1 NA -13.1 -12.0 6.4 1.3 20.9
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
4.7 NA 4.8 7.6 13.5 2.8 5.5

A larger volume is obtained from Mexican tobacco plantations during the fifth month of the year.
0.0 0.6 5.7 26.7 44.1 18.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.2 0.7 0.8
140
World ranking
Tobacco
34
Mexican agriculture provides three out of every
th thousand tonnes of tobacco leaves produced in
the world.
world
producer Mexico
With a harvest volume that represents 36.8% of
15,181 the world total, China is the leading producer of

tobacco.
tonnes
2018 Foreign trade

Mexico carries out tobacco trading transactions with other countries. During
2018, it exported 7,399 tonnes (mainly of the virginia variety) and imported 21,082
(mostly of the blond variety), both in raw and whole format.
Commercial origin-destination Nicotiana tabacum L.

Mexico's foreign trade of this agroindustrial good is mainly carried out with the two
other nations of North America: the United States and Canada. Description
It belongs to the Solanaceae family. The plant is 1 to 3 meters high when fully
developed. Its root system is penetrating, although most of the fine roots are
Main buyer Suppliers found in the most fertile layers of the soil. It produces between 10 and 20
(Mexican imports) large leaves, which can be lanceolate, alternate, serrated or petiolated.
11,312,059*
- United States - United States - Spain
- Canada - Poland Product
* USD
- Mozambique - Greece The leaves are dried, cured and used to make products for
- Netherlands - Turkey smoking or chewing. The best cigars and cigarettes are
Buyers - Brazil - China During 2018, the volume of made with tobacco that meets specific characteristics
such as size, color, texture, elasticity, thickness of
(exports from Mexico) unprocessed tobacco leaf the main vein and aroma.
- Canada - Honduras that was traded between
- Nicaragua Importers and Exporters
- Brazil nations was close to 2.4
- Dominican - Poland - United States - Poland
- Canada - Spain million tonnes. In that flow,
Republic - Russia
- Germany - Nicaragua - Germany purchases from Belgium are
- Morocco
- Brazil - Belgium the most significant with
- Belgium
- Netherlands - Honduras
259,000 tonnes.

150
2017-2018 Variation (%)
143
136
Volume
21,082 7,399 -13,683 31.0 106
112
tonnes
107 106 105
Value
94 million 112 51.3 -60.6 18.9 118
86.2
80.5
USD
Increase
51.3
48.7
33.5 34.4 32.8

28.7 29.2 31.2 The volumes of tobacco produced
24.7 23.5
and consumed worldwide depend on
Imports
the demand, determined mainly by
Exports income and population size, as well
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 as by the different policies adopted
by different countries to control and
reduce smoking.
Imports 7.1 11.4 9.7 16.9 8.6 3.9 7.6 7.0 5.1 11.2 7.8 3.7
Exports 1.0 3.5 8.8 3.1 3.7 3.8 4.5 15.0 10.1 12.9 12.7 20.9
141
National production volume
Tomatillo
Main states
Rank State Region
(tonnes) 2017-2018
Average 1 Sinaloa Northwest 164,468 9.1


2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 173,714 -0.5

Tomatillo is grown in an area of 41,000
hectares. It is one of the vegetables that
Mexican farmers produce for both the Sinaloa has a vocation for exporting
national and international markets. vegetables, being tomatillo one of
Zacatecas them. In 2018, the sale of the harvest
12.8 volume of this good amounted to 501
million MXN.
Annual per capita
consumption
Sinaloa
13.1
Jalisco
5.0 kg 14.1
2018 Indicators
Average
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
4.7%
Thousand hectares
41 0.2 41 778 3,828 18.9 4,917

Annual
2017-2018
-4.3 -49.6 -3.9 0.7 8.9 4.7 8.2
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
-1.5 -21.3 -1.2 2.1 5.9 3.3 3.8
Increase Decrease

In January, the states where protected agriculture is practiced are those that determine the availability of this vegetable, among which Sinaloa stands out.
14.2 7.6 9.0 8.9 8.3 4.2 9.1 9.5 7.6 8.7 6.9 6.0
142
Tomatillo
2018 Foreign trade

Mexican exports of tomatillo show a continuous rise. A maximum historical figure
was reached in 2018: 150,273 tonnes.
It is also called husk tomato or miltomate in stores. The United States was the
main buyer of this Mexican fruit in 2018, with 150,241 tonnes. Physalis ixocarpa
Description
Main buyer Supplier It is an annual herbaceous plant sensitive to frosts, with a deep and slightly branched
(Mexican imports) pivoting root system. It is 15 to 60 cm high and has alternate, long, ovate leaves. It
82,052,824*
- United States has a long stem and covered, heart shaped branches. Its flowers are monopod,
- United States
yellowish and with dark spots.
* USD
Importer and Exporter Product

Buyers - United States It is spherical, smooth, greenish, somewhat sticky, covered by the
(exports from Mexico) persistent calyx and measures about 3 cm in diameter. Its flavor is
- United Kingdom watery, slightly acidic and slightly sweet.
- United Arab Emirates At least seven other countries have
- France made non-significant purchases of this
- Canada agricultural good from Mexico, which
- Belize represent an opportunity for greater sales.

2017-2018 Variation (%)
82.1
73.4
Volume
66.6 0 150,273 150,273 NA 1.0
64.7 tonnes
Value
54.7
million 0.00001 82.1 82.1 NA 11.8
50.0
USD
40.9 NA Does not apply Increase
34.9
33.0
26.2
It contains proteins, fats, carbohydrates

Imports and iron, among other nutrients. Thanks
0 0 0 0 0 0 0.014 0 0 0.00001
Exports to its medicinal properties, it is used in
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 the treatment of respiratory problems,
earaches, inflammation of the stomach
and high blood pressure.
Imports 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Exports 7.6 7.5 8.3 8.9 9.5 8.7 9.6 7.7 7.2 8.0 7.5 9.5
143
Grapefruit National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
(tonnes) 2017-2018

10 Tabasco South-Southeast 854 0.4
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 2,806 -7.2

The grapefruit producing areas
spread across 19 states. Those
corresponding to Veracruz Veracruz holds the first place in the
and Michoacán are the most production of this national citrus—its
extensive, with 7,822 and 6,030 supply is based on pink pulp varieties
hectares, respectively. and it is mainly sold in the national
market.
Annual per capita Tamaulipas

11.0
consumption
Veracruz
54.6
3.5 kg Michoacán
15.7
2018 Indicators
Average
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
2.0%
Thousand hectares
20 NA 19 460 1,314 24.4 2,859

Annual
2017-2018
5.4 NA 6.3 4.0 14.1 -2.1 9.7
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
1.0 NA 0.5 0.7 10.4 0.2 9.7

Michoacán, Veracruz and Yucatán have citrus orchards that allow them to harvest this fruit year-round.
4.9 6.6 7.0 7.1 11.8 4.2 3.5 4.0 7.4 17.3 13.2 13.0
144
World ranking
Grapefruit
4
Mexico harvests 1.9% of the total volume
th harvested of this pink fruit.
world
Mexico The extensive area planted with grapefruits
producer
and the high yields obtained are factors that
459,610 place China as the leader in the production of

this citrus.
tonnes
2018 Foreign trade

In 2018, world grapefruit exports reached a volume of 1.236 million tonnes,
of which the Mexican production accounted for 1.2%.
Mexico's challenge is to expand its share of foreign sales, in line with the
increase in harvests observed in the country.
Commercial origin-destination Citrus paradisi

There are 12 countries to which Mexico sells this citrus. Among them, the most
important is France, which makes regular purchases: 6,265 tonnes in 2018.
Description
The grapefruit or shaddock tree, of the Rutaceae family, is an evergreen tree 5 to 6
Main buyer Suppliers meters high, with a rounded top of 2 to 3 meters in circumference and trunks of
(Mexican imports) 15 cm wide. The young branches have short and flexible spines in the leaf axils.
5,155,659*
- United States The flowers are white with 4 petals.
- Japan
- Thailand
* USD
Product
They are yellow, globe-shaped fruits measuring between 10
Buyers Importer and Exporter
and 15 cm in diameter. They enclose a juicy, acidic pulp,
- United States wrapped in a light yellow leathery peel, but some pink
- France - Poland varieties can also be found.
- United States - Germany
- Netherlands - Canada In the world, the Netherlands is the largest importer
- Belgium - United of this citrus—with annual purchases above 200,000
- Singapore Kingdom tonnes. Mexico is listed as its fifth largest supplier.
- Russia

2017-2018 Variation (%)
13.6
Volume
1,507 17,417 15,910 13.2 -24.1
11.4 11.3
tonnes
10.4
Value
9.7
million 0.890 11.3 10.382 67.4 -20.7
8.7
8.0
USD
Increase Decrease
5.5
5.1
Grapefruit juice fights lethargy

Imports
and dry throat, and its smell
0.89
0.309 0.37 0.392 0.3
0.599 0.450 0.637 0.620 0.532 stimulates the right hemisphere of
Exports
the brain and sharpens memory
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
and concentration. For this reason,
essential oils are extracted from its
Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) peel for aromatherapy.
Imports 0.2 0.5 1.6 2.6 17.2 31.1 23.7 14.9 3.1 1.2 2.8 1.1
Exports 14.1 10.2 12.5 1.7 0.4 0.7 1.9 11.4 27.5 10.8 1.6 7.2
145
Grain wheat National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
(tonnes) 2017-2018
Average
1 Sonora Northwest 1,449,714 -19.0

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 75,844 -16.6

For the second consecutive year, there
was a decrease in national wheat Sonora
production. In 2018, the volume reached 47.7
2,943,445 tonnes. A smaller sowed Sonora has the largest
surface in 17 states influenced such
wheat fields, which allows it
behavior.
Baja California to offer the most significant
9.8
harvest in the country. In
2018, it generated 1.199
Annual availability million tonnes of durum
wheat and 250,000 tonnes
per capita of soft grain.
56.1 kg Guanajuato
13.4
2018 Indicators
production of grains rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
9.6%
Thousand hectares
543 2 541 2,943 12,020 5.4 4,084

Annual
2017-2018
-17.9 622.9 -18.2 -16.0 -9.6 2.7 7.7
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
-5.0 -27.3 -4.6 -3.7 0.1 1.0 3.9
Increase Decrease

Most of the threshing takes place between April and June, mainly of the sowings of the autumn-winter cycle.
0.8 0.1 0.0 8.9 62.4 19.6 4.1 0.2 0.2 0.9 1.5 1.3
146
World ranking
Grain
31st
In Mexico, the area planted with
world
wheat has a yield above the
international average. wheat
producer Mexico
China's agricultural fields give rise to
2,943,445 17.4% of the total threshed volume of

this grain.
tonnes
2018 Foreign trade

A decrease in the Mexican harvest of bread wheat in the 2017/2018 cycle fostered
an annual increase of 0.4% in national imports. Although there was also a
decrease in domestic production of durum wheat, it did not inhibit the volume
Triticum L.
that the country exported.
Russia and Ukraine continue to rival the United States and Canada for the Description
Mexican wheat import market. The main destination of Mexican foreign sales It is a grassy plant, 30 to 150 cm high. The stem is straight and cylindrical. The leaf is
lanceolate, with a width of 0.5 to 1 cm and a length of 15 to 25 cm. Each plant has 4 to
of this cereal is Venezuela, although Algeria, Libya and Switzerland observed 6 leaves. Its inflorescence is a spike composed of a central stalk of short internodes
significant increases in their purchases from the country. called spine. The flower consists of a pistil, 3 stamens and is protected by 2 green
bracts or glumes.
(Mexican imports) Product
118,535,306*
- United States - Ukraine The seed is an oval-shaped karyotype with rounded ends, in one of them
- Venezuela the germ stands proud and in the other there is a strand of fine hair
- Canada - France
* USD
- Russia known as the beard. It contains the protein called gluten, which
facilitates the elaboration of high quality yeasts that are
necessary in baking.
Buyers Importer and Exporter
(exports from Mexico) - United States
- Algeria - Netherlands
- Switzerland - Belize Pasta producing countries are the target markets
- Guatemala - United States for durum wheat exporting nations.
- Libya - Cuba

(million USD)
Trade flow
2017-2018 Variation (%)
1,425
1,296
1,267
1,224 Volume
4,920,393 838,955 -4,081,438 0.4 68.2
1,105 tonnes
1,027
981 Value
926
million 1,105 222 -883 7.6 54.5
798 USD
692
Increase
404 407
276 299 309

256 247 222
144 Imports Wheat has been the staple food of the
88
main civilizations of Europe, Asia and
Exports
North Africa for more than 8,000 years.
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
However, it is also used in the production
of animal foods, starch and ethanol.
Imports 6.2 7.5 10.1 7.2 9.1 7.9 8.4 9.0 9.6 9.0 8.6 7.4
Exports 9.0 13.4 17.7 8.0 25.0 3.8 10.6 3.6 0.0 8.9 0.0 0.0
147
MEZCAL: a gift from goddess Mayahuel
Mezcal types* If something goes bad... drink mezcal; if all is
well...as well; for a lost case, drink a whole case.
Mezcal is a distilled beverage made from maguey or

agave, an ancestral plant that has inspired legends and
White or young sayings throughout our history, as well as the products
Bottled after obtained with the raw materials it provides us.
finishing the There is a rich variety of mezcals,
second distillation. depending on the type of
agave used, the distillation "[...] then, he teared apart
Mayahuel and left her remains The older the maguey,
technique or the container the more stories the
to be devoured by demons.
where it is aged, which
results in different
Quetzalcoatl, hurt by the loss of mezcal tells.
his beloved, buried her and from
Aged in glass classifications. her the maguey plant sprouted."
Aged in glass Mexican legend
bottles for more
than 12 months,
underground or in
a dark space.
Classification by its
agave content*
Type 1: 100% agave mezcal. Industrial
Type 2: Mezcal with a mix of Classification
Reposado by its 1. Cooking of
80% agave and 20% other maguey or agave
Contained in white
carbohydrates. manufacturing hearts or juices in
oak barrels for 6
months or up to 1 process* underground, masonry or
autoclave ovens.
year.
Denomination 2. With tahona, Chilean or
Egyptian mill, trapiche, chipper, mill
States of Origin of train or diffuser.
Añejo
with DOM Mezcal 3. Wooden containers, masonry pools or
Five years or Durango stainless steel tanks.
more in white, Artisanal
Canadian or
San Luis Potosí No. of 4. In stills, continuous distillers or copper
American oak
Guerrero municipalities 1. Cooking of maguey or or stainless steel columns.
Zacatecas with DOM agave hearts in underground
barrels.
Oaxaca Guanajuato 2 furnaces or masonry ovens.
Tamaulipas 11
Michoacán 29
2. With mallet, tahona, Chilean or
Egyptian mill, trapiche or chipper.
Puebla 115
Additioned 3. In hollows in rocks, soil or tree trunks,
masonry pools, wooden or mud containers or
Mezcal to which animal skins. The bagasse may be included.
ingredients are
added to impart 4. With direct fire in copper or pot boiler stills
flavors of fruits, and clay, wood, copper or stainless steel pots. The
herbs or maguey bagasse may be included.
worms.
Ancestral
De pechuga 1. Cooking of maguey or agave hearts in underground 1. Cooking
Mezcal is distilled furnaces.
with turkey or 2. With mallet, tahona, Chilean or Egyptian mill. 2. Milling
chicken breasts,
mole or plums. 3. In hollows in rocks, soil or tree trunks,
masonry pools, wooden or mud contain-
ers or animal skins. The bagasse may be
included. 3. Distillation
Source: SIAP
*In accordance with Standard NOM-070.
4. With direct fire in clay pots and 4. Fermentation
clay or wood bowls. The bagasse
may be included.
148
Agri-food products with The designation allows:
Designation of Origin • The safeguarding of artisanal work and the tradition of producers
based on quality standards, which, where appropriate, are imposed by
the Mexican Official Norms.
This is the name of a geographical region of the country which serves to designate a product as origi-
nating from that area, and whose quality or characteristics are due exclusively to the geographical • The conditions to improve the dissemination, promotion and supply of
environment, including both the natural and human factors involved. the protected product at the regional, national and international levels.
• A better sale price, by respecting the traditional production processes

and the quality of the products.
Mexico produces 13 agricultural • The unification of the work of all the craftsmen and/or producers who
products with unique attributes that are authorized to use it, generating a union-like protection spirit.
carry a Designation of Origin • The promotion of the organization of the productive sector and
facilitation of the access of producers to national and international
markets.
• The guarantee to the consumer of the specific characteristics and the
quality of the goods.
• A legal framework of defense and protection for the producer against

imitations.
D.O.
Tequila
Tequila agave
Guanajuato, Jalisco, Nayarit,
Tamaulipas Mezcal
Mezcal agave
Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Michoacán,
Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosí,
Bacanora
Tamaulipas, Zacatecas
Bacanora agave
Sonora
Charanda
Sugarcane
Michoacán Sotol
Sotol or sereque
Coahuila, Chihuahua, Durango
Morelos rice
Paddy rice, Morelos variety
Morelos
Yahualica chili
Chili
Jalisco Ataulfo mango
Mango
Chiapas
Papantla Vanilla
Vanilla
Puebla, Veracruz
Habanero chili
Habanero chili
Grijalva Cocoa Campeche, Quintana Roo,
Cocoa Yucatán
Tabasco Café Veracruz
Café cereza Café Chiapas
Veracruz Café cereza
Chiapas Source: SIAP with data from the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property and the World Intellectual Property Organization.
149
Table grape National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank States
Main states
Region
(tonnes) 2017-2018

2 Zacatecas Northeast 43,064 177
Average
5 Coahuila Northeast 954 84.6
8 Jalisco Center-West 450 NA
9 Durango Northeast 49 -0.1

10 Baja California Sur Northwest 23 4.5
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 5 11.1

The expansion of table grape Sonora
vineyards to 24,000 hectares in 2018 92.4
prompted an increase in the harvest. Sonora is the national leader
375,000 tonnes were obtained in the in grape production due
aforementioned year. to the number of hectares
planted, the yield achieved
and the excellent sales prices
it obtains.
Annual per capita
consumption
Zacatecas
Aguascalientes
5.1
1.1
2.6 kg
2018 Indicators
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
1.6%
Thousand hectares
25 NA 24 375 8,270 15.8 22,082

Annual
2017-2018
13.5 NA 15.4 10.2 27.9 -4.6 16.1
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
3.5 NA 3.9 7.7 6.6 3.7 -1.0

The national availability of the fruit between May and August is determined by the production of Sonora, and that from September to October by Zacatecas.
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.2 53.4 14.4 9.1 8.2 3.2 0.5 0.0
150
World ranking
Table grape
25
Six out of every thousand tonnes of table
th grapes available in the world are harvested
in Mexican vineyards.
world
producer Mexico
China's contribution to the world’s grape
374,525 production is 17.6%—volume that makes it

the main producer of this vine.
tonnes
2018 Foreign trade

39.2% of the volume of table grapes that Mexico harvests is exported.
Meanwhile, 29.9% of the internal demand is satisfied with quantities acquired
from other nations.
98.4% of the Mexican fresh grape exports are sold to the the United States. Vitis vinifera
Among the countries from which Mexico buys, the U.S., Chile and Peru stand
out with shares of 74.3%, 17% and 8.6%, respectively. Description
The grapevine, in its spontaneous state, is a vine which curls and climbs on a support
with its stems and tendrils, in search of light. The aerial part includes the trunk,
Main buyer Suppliers branches and buds (also called clusters), and the leaves emerge from the nodes.
(Mexican imports) The inflorescence of the grapevine is known as a cluster and the grape is its fruit.
191,621,767* Grapevine plantations are called vineyards.
- Chile
* USD
- Peru Product
The fruits are spherical, fleshy and very juicy; they are clustered. The skin
is thin and resistant, its color varies from lemon green to purplish
Buyers red. The pulp is aromatic and has a sweet taste. It is important
(exports from Mexico) - United States to note that it is rich in vitamins A, C, E, B1, B2, B3 and B6
- Japan - Honduras and in minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, sodium,
- Guatemala - Nicaragua The world's largest importer of fresh grapes potassium, iron, copper, magnesium, zinc, folic
- El Salvador is the United States. Its main suppliers are acid, glucose and fructose. It is known as
- Ecuador
table grape when consumed while
- Belize - Panama Chile and Mexico, with the former providing fresh.
- Costa Rica - China it with 336,000 tonnes during 2018.

2017-2018 Variation (%)
246
Volume
96,891 146,848 49,958 22.7 -25.0
tonnes
198
Value
million 143 198 56 7.3 -19.4
157 160 160 162 USD
150 153
140 143
123 124 120
118 115 114
97.6
64
40.7 Grape is one of the most widespread

Imports fruits in the world. This fruit is used
Exports both fresh and processed in the form
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 of raisins, grape juice or wine. These
processed products are important given
the great perishability of the fruit.
Imports 7.1 5.9 7.7 5.9 0.0 0.1 1.1 8.1 10.5 19.0 17.0 17.6
Exports 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 30.7 59.4 8.4 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.1
151
2009-2018
Industrial
Production volume
(thousand tonnes)
grape
Rank State Region
(tonnes) 2017-2018
Average 1 Zacatecas Northeast 22,925 30.1
7 Chihuahua Northeast 889 -0.4

10 Nuevo León Northeast 13 22.2
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

The surface sowed with
grape intended for the
production of beverages and Coahuila Baja California's production is sold at
other industrial by-products 8.2
better prices, which determines its greater
observed an annual decrease participation in the national sales value—
Baja California
of 13.1%, resulting from a drop 54.8 although Zacatecas generates the largest
in the yields obtained in 7
volume of this fruit.
producing states for the crop.
Zacatecas
19.8
2018 Indicators
production of fruits rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
0.2%
Thousand hectares
8 NA 7 56 629 7.9 11,212

Annual
2017-2018
-0.6 NA 0.05 -13.1 2.1 -13.2 17.6
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
3.7 NA 3.5 -2.7 15.5 -6.0 18.7

The largest industrial grape cut is made in September: on average 28,000 tonnes.
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 12.1 18.3 42.2 19.7 2.6 0.1
152
2018 Foreign trade of grape juice, must and wine
Mexico has a significant trade flow of grape juice and wine. In 2018, it acquired
95.592 million and exported 3.506 million liters of these goods. Both trade flows
Industrial
involve a monetary amount of slightly over 342 million USD.
grape
In the volumes of this agro-industrial imported by the country, those of Spain,
Chile and Italy, are of the greatest significance—with 31.5, 25.3 and 13.7 million
liters each. The exports to the United States reach 2.1 million liters.

(Mexican imports)
8,815,770*
- United States - Spain - Argentina
- France - Uruguay
* USD
- Chile - Portugal
- Italy - Germany
- United States - Australia
Buyers Vitis vinifera.
- Japan - Austria Importers and Exporters
- Netherlands - Guatemala - Argentina Description
- Spain
- Dominican - Puerto Rico - France - Germany The grapevine, in its spontaneous state, is a vine which curls and climbs on a support with
Republic - Belgium - Chile - Japan its stems and tendrils, in search of light. The aerial part includes the trunk, branches and
- Canada - Belize - Italy - Australia buds (also called clusters), and the leaves emerge from the nodes. The inflorescence of
- Turkey - Netherlands the grapevine is known as a cluster and the grape is its fruit. Grapevine plantations
- United States
are called vineyards.
In the world, the foreign trade of juices and wines generates Product
The fruits are spherical, fleshy and very juicy; they are clustered. The skin is
a monetary flow that exceeds 48.460 billion USD annually. thin and resistant, its color varies from lemon green to purplish red. The
The United States is the main importer of this type of goods, pulp is aromatic and has a sweet taste. It is important to note that
its purchases generate an expenditure of 8.608 billion USD it is rich in vitamins A, C, E, B1, B2, B3 and B6 and in minerals
such as calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, iron,
for its international purchases. copper, magnesium, zinc, folic acid, glucose and
fructose. It is known as table grape when
consumed while fresh.

(million USD)
Trade flow
328 2017-2018 Variation (%)
313 309
296 294 295
274
271 Volume
95,592 3,506 -92,086 10.0 -39.1
247 tonnes
232
Value
million 328 13.7 -314.7 6.4 -30.4
USD
Increase Decrease
19.5 18.8
Imports Each year, Mexico produces around
16.7 20.1 15.6 15.9 15.5 19.7
14.5 13.7
Exports 2.4 million boxes of wine, while
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 domestic demand is of more than 9
million boxes.

Imports 5.6 5.8 4.8 6.6 10.4 7.4 10.9 13.9 11.7 10.3 6.9 5.7
Exports 11.1 12.6 10.3 8.4 9.3 5.8 5.6 6.8 8.3 7.2 9.5 5.1
153
Raisins National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
per state
Rank State Region
(tonnes) 2017-2018
Average 1 Sonora Northwest 13,370 22.5

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

In Mexico, two states have Sonora
96.2
lands for raisin production:
Sonora and Baja California. In Sonoran winemakers
both, the improvement in the generate the highest
yields during 2018 allowed for a volume and value of raisin
larger harvest. Baja California
3.8
production; the vineyards
for their cultivation are
located in the municipality
Annual per capita of Caborca.
consumption
0.2 kg
2018 Indicators
Average
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
0.1%
Thousand hectares
4 NA 4 14 239 3.8 17,336

Annual
2017-2018
-1.0 NA 12.4 22.0 21.5 8.5 -0.4
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
-0.3 NA -0.3 3.4 11.0 3.8 7.4

The availability of raisins is limited to the July-October period, with a maximum of 11,000 tonnes in the first month.
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 63.7 23.9 9.9 2.5 0.0 0.0
154
Raisins
2018 Foreign trade

Mexico registers a foreign trade of raisins in which it acquires 7 times more than
what is sells. In 2018, it imported 13,095 tonnes, while it exported 1,931 tonnes.
The volume acquired from abroad by Mexico in 2018 came from 8 countries.
Among these, the most important are the United States and Chile, with 6,611
and 6,240 tonnes, respectively. Vitis vinifera.

(Mexican imports) They are bushes with lively, woody and climber stems, with tendrils opposing the
2,004,289*
- Chile - Ecuador leaves, which are alternate and generally stipulated. They have small, even, almost
- United States always hermaphrodite flowers and the inflorescence is formed of compound
- United States - Turkey
* USD clusters. The leaves are the executors of the vital functions of the plant
- India - Spain
- Colombia - Argentina (perspiration, respiration and photosynthesis) and where the molecules
Buyers of acids, sugars, etc. are formed, which accumulate in the grape's fruit,
(exports from Mexico) affecting its flavor.
- Guatemala - Honduras
- Cuba - El Salvador Chile is the largest exporter of dehydrated Product
- Belize - Nicaragua grapes in the world with volumes close to They are medium-sized, golden-colored grapes, with or
- Dominican - Panama without seeds, and are obtained by dehydrating fresh
800,000 tonnes per year. The United States grapes. They are regularly grouped with nuts, and
Republic
is the largest importer of the fruit with this group of foods is highly appreciated for
around 600,000 tonnes. cooking or to snack.
- United States

2017-2018 Variation (%)

33.0
31.1 Volume
30.0 30.0 13,095 1,931 -11,164 22.2 4.5
tonnes
25.5 Value
22.3
million 25.5 2.2 -23.4 61.8 17.4
21.7 USD
19.4
Increase
15.8
4
Imports As a fresh fruit, grapes are very
2 2.3 2.2
1.4 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 delicate and the losses during
Exports
their harvest and distribution
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
are very high.

Imports 5.5 5.1 3.7 6.5 5.7 6.0 7.1 9.0 11.6 18.8 11.8 9.2
Exports 4.6 10.1 10.5 14.1 12.1 12.0 8.9 3.0 5.2 5.2 8.1 6.2
155
Blackberry National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018

Average 4 Baja California Northwest 758 5.1

5 México Center 226 83.5
6 Guanajuato Center-West 215 266
7 Puebla Center 212 1,507
9 Queretaro Center-West 31 -5.8

10 Veracruz South-Southeast 21 29.1
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 18 -2.3

Among the berries grown in Mexico,
the blackberry observed the largest
increase in volume between 2017 Michoacán continues to consolidate
and 2018, with an additional 10,000 its leadership in the cultivation of this
tonnes. fruit. The sowed surface increased in 16
Baja California
0.8 of its 26 producing municipalities.
Annual per capita

consumption
Jalisco
1.6
Michoacán
1.7 kg 97.0
2018 Indicators
rural price
Sown Lost Harvested
1.2%
Thousand hectares
13 NA 13 287 10,598 21.8 36,910

Annual
2017-2018
3.9 NA 4.8 6.2 0.4 1.3 -5.5
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
5.6 NA 7.9 10.6 16.0 2.5 4.9

Two harvest seasons during the year determine the national supply of this berry.
7.6 7.0 8.6 10.9 14.2 14.5 1.9 2.8 4.6 6.3 10.6 11.0
156
World ranking
1 st
Mexico obtains the highest yields in the
production of blackberry, a factor that
Blackberry
contributes to making the country stand
world out as the world leader in the production of
producer Mexico
this fruit.
287,125 Vietnam contributes 14.5% to the total

tonnes international berry production.
2018 Foreign trade

The continuous growth of this Mexican berry’s production allows for a
greater exporting capacity. In 2018, a new historical maximum in volume and
international sales value was reached.
Rubus ulmifolius
Mexican blackberry is sold to 30 nations; from them, the United States acquires
the largest quantity: 70,446 tonnes in 2018.
Description
Main buyer Suppliers It is a shrubby plant that belongs to the Rosaceae family, with stems 3 to 4 meters
(Mexican imports) long. They grow erect at the beginning, although they bend down and in the end
365,932,904*
- United States they remain on the ground. They are angular and with strong thorns. The flowers
- United States
- Serbia are pink or white with 5 petals. They have long roots that grow at a shallow
* USD depth and from which new shoots easily emerge. These can be isolated and
- Chile
planted separately to obtain new plants.
- China
Buyers The United States
(exports from Mexico) - Poland
and Canada are the Product
- Netherlands - Spain The berry is formed by numerous spherical fruits, each almost
- United - Belgium Importers and Exporters
main importers of entirely filled with a reddish seed at the beginning,
Kingdom - United Arab - United States
berries in the world, but when fully ripen they turn black and fleshy.
- Italy Emirates in both cases Mexico Blackberries generally have a sweet taste
- China
- Germany and are aromatic.
- Russia - Chile is their main supplier.
- Canada - France

2017-2018 Variation (%)
405
Volume
419 77,389 76,971 2.6 10.4
321 tonnes
315
280 Value
million 2.2 405 403.2 -10.9 26.4
USD
222
205 207 Increase Decrease
158
151
126
Imports
Blackberry leaves, flower buds, fruits
0.04 1.0 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.1 2.2 2.7 2.5 2.2
Exports and, to a lesser extent, roots are used
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
for medicinal purposes.

Imports 8.6 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 8.4 19.2 25.9 16.6 7.0 9.8 3.1
Exports 11.1 9.6 12.3 14.2 14.3 2.8 0.3 0.2 1.8 7.6 12.1 13.7
157
2020: THE INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF PLANT HEALTH
Plant health protection barriers SENASICA ACTIONS
PHYTOSANITARY INSPECTION PHYTOSANITARY PROGRAMS AND CAMPAIGNS
83
OISAS
Agricultural Health
Inspection Office Objective: Expand and preserve Pest Free and Low Prevalence
Zones, as well as crop protection in the national territory.
20 Federal Verification
PVIF and Inspection Point
20 Internal Verification and

PVII
Monitoring
Inspection Point
83 Plant Health Internal

PIIMSV Inspection Points
Sampling
Control
Leyenda
Free zone
Low prevalence zone
Plant health control zone
No status
PHYTOSANITARY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE Fosters Pests can damage up to

Improves
economic 40% of the production of
development crops that serve as food for
MONITORING ROUTE agricultural
production humans on the planet.
a
Strengthens
TRAPPING ROUTE
woodlands and Their
Protects biodiversity management
the against plant
SENTINEL PLANT costs almost
environment Benefits of illnesses
300 billion USD
maintaining a year to the
EXPLORATION AREA PLANT HEALTH world economy.
SENTINEL PLOT Fosters

Activities by commerce
municipality Supports
efforts to reduce Helps lower
hunger, climate
malnutrition change
and poverty effects
1 of every 9 people in the
world suffer from hunger
Plant health
Diagnostics
RESULTS: BIOSECURITY
PLANT LIFE AND HEALTH
1,000 PESTS NOT PRESENT IN THE COUNTRY
OUT OF 1,247 PRESENT IN THE WORLD
158
EXOTIC LIVESTOCK DISEASES
Through the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development,
Mexico carries out prevention strategies for the risk of entry Animal health surveillance bodies
of exotic diseases, avoiding possible effects on economic, National Animal Health
productive and even human health levels. Technical Advisory
Council
National Animal State Animal

Health Health Emergency
Emergency Groups
National Advisory
Exotic diseases of mandatory reporting World Committee on National Health,
General
Directorate
Device
with greater impact on livestock Organisation for

Animal Health
Animal Health
Protection
Safety and
Agri-food Quality
of Animal
Health
production Standardization Service National Center for Animal
Health Verification
Services
- Bovine Anaplasmosis
- Babesiosis Ministry of
- Contagious nodular dermatosis Agriculture and Rural
Development National National Center for
- Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Epidemiological Animal Health
Bovines - Hemorrhagic septicemia Surveillance Diagnostic Services
System
- Contagious agalactia Mexico-United States

Commission for the
- Salmonellosis / Abortion SENASICA implements Prevention of
- Paratiphoid scrapie / Lumbar prurigo strategies to prevent the Foot-and-Mouth Disease
Sheep and entry or eradicate exotic and other Exotic Animal
Goats Diseases
diseases immediately and in
a timely manner, which
- West Equine Encephalitis Durina makes it easier to have
- Venezuelan equine encephalitis sanitary standards suitable
- Hendra's disease / Acute
for exports.
equine respiratory syndrome
- Contagious equine metritis
Equines - African equine plague
- Teschovirus encephalomyelitis / Animal

Swine Poliomyelitis brucellosis
- Swine vesicular disease Immediate Border
- Classic swine fever reporting control Animal
- Swine flu Epidemiological brucellosis
Pigs - African swine fever
Standards, tools and Health surveillance
processes Animal Health Paralytic
- Gumboro disease / Infectious Control rabies
bursitis Campaigns
Strategy
- Newcastle disease
- Reportable avian influenza Climate and Boophilus SSP
(influenza virus A, subtypes H5 and H7) environmental impact New technologies tick
- Avian pulorosis • Vector transmission • Geospatial
Birds • Invasive species • Test kits Reportable
- Avian typhoid
avian influenza
Diseases eradicated from Mexico

Source: OIE, May 2019
We exported 1,223,360
head of cattle to the
U.S.A. during 2018.
Foot and Classic swine African Small Contagious Bovine

mouth disease flu equine ruminants bovine Spongiform
plague plague perineumonia Encephalopathy
It affects cows,
pigs, sheep, goats It affects pigs. It affects horses, It affects horses, It affects cattle It affects cattle
and other rumi- mules and zebras, mules,
nants. donkeys, among asses and
others. donkeys.
Source: SIAP with information from SENASICA.
159
160
Livestock Subsector
161
Poultry meat National production volume
(thousand tonnes)
Main states
in carcass
Rank State Region
(tonnes) 2017-2018

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 696,353 1.3

Of the meat in carcass of the
different livestock species that are
produced in Mexico, chicken meat Poultry activity for meat production
has registered the most prominent takes place in every state of the
absolute increase in the last five country, but the most extensive
years: 530,000 additional tonnes. production rates correspond to those
of Veracruz and Jalisco.
Annual per capita
consumption Aguascalientes
10.5
Veracruz
11.9
31.5 kg
Jalisco
11.3

production of livestock Average
Stock Production Value Producer
Price
15.4%
Million Thousand Million MXN
head tonnes MXN / tonne
364 3,338 107,162 32,100
Variations %
Annual
2017-2018
2.7 3.9 7.9 3.8
AAGR
2009-2018
1.6 2.7 6.6 3.8 Increase

On average, 257,000 tonnes of poultry meat are generated every month, but the high demand in December determines a production of up to 280,000 tonnes.
7.9 8.0 8.1 8.4 8.2 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.5 8.3 8.4 9.0
Medium availability
162
World ranking
Poultry meat
6 th
The production of poultry meat in carcass
in carcass
in Mexico contributes three out of every
hundred tonnes worldwide.
world
producer Mexico
.S. poultry farming is the most productive
U
3,338,374 in the world—it generates 17.6% of the world

production of this livestock product.
tonnes
2018 Foreign trade

The annual Mexican consumption of this livestock product is 3.9 million
tonnes. Of that volume, 15.4% comes from imports.
In 2018, the poultry meat acquired abroad by Mexico came from five
countries, among which the United States stands out representing Gallus gallus domesticus
83.1% of the total imported.
Main buyer Importers and Exporters Description

334,943* - United States Chicken are poultry of the galliformes order. Commercial chickens are the result
- Congo - Brazil of a four-generation selection and crossbreeding process: purebreds (great-
* USD - Chile grandmothers), grandmothers or progenitors, breeders and commercial
chickens. The second or third generation arrives in the country as a day-old
Buyers
(exports from Mexico) Suppliers chicken or fertile egg. Mexico does not have purebreds.
- Zaire - Chile (Mexican imports)
- Brazil - Cuba - United States - Netherlands Product obtainment process
- Angola - Brazil - Argentina One day after hatching, the chicken is housed in booths, where it
- Lebanon
- Chile stays between 6 and 8 weeks in fattening. The weight will be in
- United States - Italy
accordance with the type of market to which it is aimed (to
be sold live, for a public market, a supermarket or for
In the world, Japan and Mexico are the largest importers roasting). The slaughter is carried out in TIF or
of chicken meat, Mexican purchases are estimated to private facilities, and to a lesser extent, in
represent 6% of the total international trade. situ.

(million USD)
Trade flow
2017-2018 Variation (%)
638 641
625
Volume
515 521 515 607,263 1,156 -606,108 5.7 20.4
tonnes
444 Value
million 609 1.2 -608.0 -5.0 1.2
358 USD
Imports
2.4 3.1 5.2 2.9 1.9 0.6 1.6 1.2
Domestic chickens appeared more
1.9 1.2 Exports
than 8,000 years ago in Southeast Asia
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
and were introduced to the rest of the
world by sailors and merchants. Today,
Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) they are by far the most important
poultry species in the world.
Imports 7.1 6.9 7.8 9.1 8.4 8.6 8.8 8.9 7.6 9.6 8.8 8.4
Exports 5.0 13.8 10.2 19.9 0.0 8.1 8.8 11.9 9.2 6.9 1.9 4.3
163
WHEN THE CHICK OUTWEIGHS THE ROOSTER!
Broiler chickens are the result of years of research in animal production,
because thanks to strict genetic selection, proper management and diets with
high nutritional standards, completion times have been reduced and Live weight: With 8 Weeks
3.5-3.8 kg (56 days), there are
productivity improved. This, together with a vertical integration of the
5 production cycles
production facilities, has reduced costs and transformed poultry farming into With 7 Weeks Carcass weight: per year *.
a dynamic and efficient sector. Live weight: (49 days), there 2.5-2.8 kg
2.9-3.1 kg are 6 production
2,839 kg cycles per year *.
2,585 kg Carcass weight:
Evolution of 2,282 kg 1.7-2.3 kg Week 8+
parameters With 6 Weeks
in broiler (42 days) there are
chicken (47 Live weight: 7 production cycles Week 7
2.3 – 2.5 kg per year *.
days)
Carcass weight:
2000 2010 2018 1.7-1.9 kg
With 5 Weeks
(35 days), there are Week 6
8 production
Live weight: cycles per year *.
1.75 – 2.0 kg
It is sold in
Carcass weight: supermarkets and
1.3 - 1.5 kg
specialized
restaurants, in
It is marketed live, in
Temperature and carcass or in cuts.
water are critical 22 °C
Week 5 carcass, in cuts and
"market style".
factors in raising Until
broiler chicks, slaughtered
especially in the
first three weeks.
It is marketed live, in
carcass, in cuts and
"market style". * Considering the time
spent cleaning and
Live weight: disinfecting the coops.
800-850 g
Week 3
It can be sold live, or
24-25 °C in carcass for Broiler chicken production cycle
roasting.
Poultry farming is a very dynamic subsector
in which the optimal parameters in handling,
environmental and technology conditions in
specialized production lines allow for average
standing weights of around 3.5 kg in 7 weeks.
However, in our country, these yields have
31-32 °C The chicks already not been reached, but the parameters are
have all the perfectly competitive in the market.
Day 1 vaccines.
The “market style” or

“public market” chicken is
slaughtered in an abattoir,
plucked, placed in containers with The
drinking water ice to transport it, challenge of
and consumed within the next 48 poultry farming is to
hours. continue increasing
production in a
sustainable, responsible
Farms receive manner and for the
one-day-old chicks, benefit of the
weighing 40-43 g. following
generations.
Source: SIAP
164
THE MEAT PRODUCTION PATH
Beef is produced in all the regions of
Mexico with different production systems Breeding stock production Live calf production
that have been adapted to various It is done with grazing with or without
It is the process of breeding
climatic, physiographic and economic supplementation.
cattle of high genetic quality
conditions. Beef can be produced in that provide desirable
full-cycle production facilities, but in most characteristics to the livestock
cases it is carried out in farms that of other production facilities. It
specialize in one part of the process and is usually carried out with
join forces to reach the finished product. extensive grazing with
supplementation.
Products
Calf for fattening Dual purpose

Breeds or cross- Breeds or cross-
breeds specialized breeds that are used
Factors that affect in meat production. for both milk and
meat quality beef production.
Bulls and heifers Semen Embryos Products
Calves
160-220 kg
When the cattle

are discarded from Development
the herd, they are
sent to abattoirs.
ir
atto
Ab
Smell, firmness, juiciness, flavor and

tenderness are the criteria that define Grazing Pre-fattening
the quality of meat. All of these are Conditioning and/or Grazing or feeding with
development of more concentrated cut
determined by productive aspects
grazing calves. fodder.
such as cattle genetics, nutrition,
health management and slaughter Product
age, as well as the handling before and Product
after the slaughter at the abattoir. 260-300 kg
Market steers
480-500 kg
Slaughter Fattening
Grazing
Cattle are kept in
pastures, with or
without
00
MX
SADER
0000
Product supplementation, until
Steers they reach 80% of their
1234 380-400 kg
adult body weight.
Traceability procedures make it

possible to follow the evolution and In pens
trajectory of the products until they Grazing In pens The animals remain
reach the final consumer. That way, The cattle continue Cattle remain confined and confined and all food
important information is collected to grazing, with or consume energy-rich diets is provided in feeders.
guarantee the health and safety of without supplemen- with which they reach the
food. tation, until they slaughter weight in a period
reach the slaughter close to three months.
weight.
Source: SIAP
165
Beef in carcass
Main states
Rank State Region
(tonnes) 2017-2018
Average 1 Veracruz South-Southeast 257,935 -0.1

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 706,947 0.7

The convergence between cattle
production and slaughter capacity in
the country, allowed for an increase of
54,000 tonnes in the national volume Jalisco obtains the highest income
of beef in carcass. In that surplus, the for the sale of this livestock good
contribution of Jalisco was vital. (17.739 billion MXN), while Veracruz
generates the most significant
San Luis Potosí
6.3 volume (257,935 tonnes).
Annual per capita
consumption
Veracruz
12.2
15.2 kg Jalisco
13.2

Price
9.1%
32 1,981 134,453 67,876
Variations %
Annual
2017-2018
1.6 2.8 5.6 2.7
AAGR
2009-2018
0.8 1.7 10.4 8.6 Increase

The bovine abattoir facilities in Mexico have a monthly capacity of 1.1 million head.
8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.1 8.3 8.5 8.5 8.4 8.5 8.6 9.1
Medium availability
166
World ranking
Beef in carcass
6 th Mexico contributes 2.9% of the world’s total
beef production volume.
world
producer Mexico The United States is the leader in beef in
carcass production, one in five tonnes are
1,980,848 originated in that country.
tonnes
2018 Foreign trade

Since 2015, Mexico has registered a favorable trade balance in beef as result of a
significant increase in the exportable supply. Currently, one out of every ten tonnes
of this livestock good is exported.
Commercial origin-destination Bos primegenius taurus

Considering the volume of meat exported by Mexico, two blocks of countries are
the main destinations: in Asia they are Japan, Hong Kong and South Korea; while in Description
America, it is Canada and the United States. Bovines are ruminants that have one calf per birth. In the Mexican southeast and tropical
zones, the Zebuine breeds predominate. European breeds and, to a greater extent, their
Main buyer Suppliers crossbreeds are raised in the rest of the country.
(Mexican imports)
1,094,209,412*
- United States - United States - Uruguay Product obtainment process
- Canada - New Zealand Calves are bred in extensive production units, once weaned they can continue
* USD
- Nicaragua - Japan grazing until they reach the slaughter weight or they are concentrated in
- Australia fattening pens where they receive balanced diets until they reach a weight
Buyers close to 500 kg. The slaughter is carried out in municipal abattoirs or TIF
centers. The carcasses are transported to supply centers, markets
- Japan - China Importers and Exporters and butchers, where they are sold to the public in pieces, cuts
- Hong Kong - Panama - United States - Japan or portions.
- Canada - Cuba - Canada
- South Korea - Honduras
- Chile - Brazil
In the last five years, China is the country that has made the
largest beef imports; its acquisitions represent 11% of the
world total.

Trade flow
(million USD)
2017-2018 Variation (%)
1,268
1,130
1,092 1,094 Volume
140,923 220,401 79,478 2.8 10.8
999 tonnes
930
876
899 907
870 Value
837 831 844
788 million 844 1,268 424 7.0 12.2
748 731 USD
649 Increase
532
289
173 Bovine meat is made up of water,

Imports
proteins, amino acids, minerals, fats,
Exports fatty acids, vitamins and other bioactive
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 components, as well as small amounts
of carbohydrates.
Imports 8.4 7.8 7.1 9.5 8.5 8.1 8.6 9.0 7.8 8.9 8.2 8.1
Exports 8.0 7.9 7.8 6.7 8.9 9.2 9.0 9.2 8.0 8.4 8.8 8.1
167
Goat meat National production volume
(thousand tonnes)
Main states
in carcass
Rank State Region
(tonnes) 2017-2018

Average

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 8,707 -1.6

With the exception of Chiapas
and Mexico City, every other state
produces goat meat. They have Zacatecas is the main producer of
different production scales, ranging goat meat, its sales value reported
from 8 to 4,754 tonnes per year. Coahuila
revenues of 309 million MXN in 2018.
9.9
Annual per capita

consumption San Luis Potosí
10.6
Zacatecas
11.8
0.3 kg
2018 Indicators
Price
0.2%
8.7 40 2,627 65,908
Variations %
Annual
2017-2018
0.3 0.2 5.6 5.4
AAGR
2009-2018
-0.3 -0.9 4.8 5.8 Decrease Increase

The monthly production of goat meat reaches an average of 3,302 tonnes.
7.9 7.8 7.6 7.9 8.1 8.3 8.6 8.4 8.4 8.7 8.8 9.5
Medium availability
168
World ranking
Goat meat
24
The Mexican volume of these ruminants’
th
world
meat represents seven out of every
thousand tonnes produced by all the in carcass
Mexico nations which raise them.
producer
39,852 China stands out as the main producer of

goat meat—it contributes 39.1% to the total
tonnes world volume.
2018 Foreign trade

The Mexican goat industry has a herd that, by number of heads, makes it possible
to sustain the internal demand for meat of this species. Even when a moderate
amount is exported, the income in foreign currency for its foreign sales is relevant.
The entirety of the volume of this product exported by Mexico is acquired by
the United States. Of that flow, 93% corresponds to kids or billies, which are the Capra hircus
commercial names that refer to the offspring of goats.
Description
Goats are ruminants. They have a reproductive seasonality and depending on the breed
they can have multiple births (more than one kid or billy per birth). Its ability to adapt
and great resistance to adverse environments, due to its capacity to eat branches
and use cellulose, allows it to consume forages of very low quality.
In the international trade of meat from
Main buyer this small ruminant, the largest exporter Product obtainment process
is Australia with 30,000 annual tonnes on There are different forms of commercialization, being one of the most
2,660,168* important the sale of extremely young animals to elaborate "cabrito
- United States average. The United Arab Emirates is the al pastor" or "cabrito asado" (roasted billy). Most of the kids come
* USD largest importer, leading purchases with from dairy breeds or crossbreeds with low meat production
16,000 annual tonnes. capabilities. Adults are usually sold live, directly in the
production units, at 6 months old
or older.

2017-2018 Variation (%)
Volume
0 337 337 NA 337
tonnes
Value
thousand 0 2,660 2,660 NA 196
USD
1,506
858 897
787 826
667
605 594
491 Due to the resilience of sheep and goats,
which allows them to be raised in difficult
Imports
conditions, and the role they play in
21.3 0 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exports religious celebrations, these animals are
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
important for food security and social
cohesion, especially in Africa
Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) and the Near East.
Imports 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Exports 3.0 3.7 2.8 2.7 7.4 6.4 0.0 7.0 9.1 9.5 21.9 26.5
169
Mutton meat National production volume
(thousand tonnes)
Main states
in carcass
Rank State Region
(tonnes) 2017-2018
Average 1 México Center 9,068 0.2


2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 18,346 3.5

The production of sheep meat
in Mexico is of around 63,000
tonnes per year. The livestock With a herd of 1.372 million head
herd of this species constitutes of sheep, Estado de México is the
8.684 million head. leading producer in volume and
value of sheep meat.
Annual per capita

consumption Hidalgo
13.0
Veracruz
8.2
0.6 kg Estado de México

14.8
2018 Indicators
Price
0.3%
8.7 63 4,582 72,804
Variations %
Annual
2017-2018
-2.5 2.2 7.6 5.4
AAGR
2009-2018
0.9 1.8 7.4 5.5 Decrease Increase

The monthly slaughter capacity in the abattoirs reaches 84,850 animals per month.
7.8 7.7 7.8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.7 8.4 8.4 8.2 8.8 9.6
Medium availability
170
World ranking
Mutton meat
35
Mexico has the capacity to generate six out
th
world
of every thousand tonnes of sheep meat
in the world. in carcass
producer Mexico
China provides one in every four tonnes,
62,940 making it the leading producer of this

good worldwide.
tonnes
2018 Foreign trade

In Mexico, the consumption of the traditional “sheep barbecue” or “barbacoa”
drives the acquisition of sheep meat from other nations. One in ten tonnes
consumed in the country is imported.
Ovis aries
The largest amount of this meat bought by Mexico comes from Oceania,
particularly from New Zealand and Australia with 4,452 and 2,630 tonnes Description
respectively in 2018. Sheep are ruminants with reproductive seasonality. Depending on the breed, they may
have multiple births (more than one lamb per birth). In Mexico, sheep meat farming is
developed under a regional type scheme: meat is produced in the central area with
wool and hair breeds, and in the south-southeast region mostly with hair breeds.
Main buyer Importer and Exporter
23,225* - United States
Product obtainment process
- United States
In our country, there are different production systems, determined by the
* USD
availability of resources and consumption traditions. Depending on the
breed and management, the intensive processes of growth, fattening
The international trade and slaughtering have a duration of 120 to 150 days. The fattening
Suppliers begins at the time of weaning. Considering that animals
(Mexican imports) of sheep meat evolves destined for meat supply require a weight of between
- New Zealand favorably. In 2018, it reached 35 and 40 kg on average, it takes 75 to 90 days to get
- Australia just over 1.2 million tonnes. them to that stage.
- United States
- Chile
- Canada

2017-2018 Variation (%)
48,436
Volume
44,512 44,686 8,666 3 -8,663 -21.9 -81.1
43,492 43,234 tonnes
39,673
Value
thousand 30,953 23 -30,930 -22.0 -78.8
30,679 30,777 30,953 USD
Decrease
The OECD expects that the per capita

world consumption of sheep meat will
Imports
reach 2.1 kg in 2026. In Latin America,
49 84 50 77 0 0 0 18 109 23 Exports per capita consumption of sheep meat
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
is expected to remain stagnant, while in
China and Middle Eastern countries it
Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) will continue to increase.
Imports 9.3 6.3 7.7 5.7 8.4 9.6 8.0 10.5 6.5 9.7 10.3 8.0
Exports 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0
171
Pork in carcass
Main states
Rank State Region
(tonnes) 2017-2018

Average 2 Sonora Northwest 277,451 6.0

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 209,524 0.5

In the country’s meat production,
Sonora
pork is the third most important 14.8
species. During the last two years, Jalisco's pig farming has established
the volume generated in each of as the most productive in the
them exceeds that of the previous country. Its stock of 3.539 million
year by slightly more than 60,000
pigs allows for the production of
tonnes.
321,736 tonnes of meat in carcass.
Annual per capita

consumption
Puebla
10.8
Jalisco
24.1
18.0 kg
2018 Indicators
Price
6.9%
17.8 1,503 67,100 44,658
Variations %
Annual
2017-2018
3.7 4.2 7.9 3.5
AAGR
2009-2018
1.7 2.9 8.0 5.0
Increase

The synchronization between the mating and breeding cycles and the infrastructure available for slaughter determines a stable national supply level all year long.
8.1 7.9 7.8 7.9 8.1 8.4 8.4 8.2 8.5 8.5 8.8 9.4
Medium availability
172
World ranking
Pork in carcass
15
One in every hundred tonnes of the
th world's pork products is generated in
Mexico.
world
producer Mexico
Half of the world's meat production of
1,502,523 the species is obtained in China.
tonnes
2018 Foreign trade

Mexico's foreign trade in pork meat encompasses a cross-border mobilization
of more than one million tonnes per year. In 2018, the country exported 131,580
tonnes and imported 884,878.
The country maintains a significant pork meat commercial relationship with Sus scrofa domestica
four countries: the United States, Canada, Japan and South Korea. Those in
North America are our main suppliers, while Asians are the largest buyers Description
of Mexican pork. Pigs are very prolific mammals, since they have an average of 2 births per year
and several offspring per birth (10 piglets on average). In Mexico, three production
Main buyer Suppliers systems coexist: technified, semi-technified and backyard. This activity has
(Mexican imports)
419,228,781* had an important process of technification through the concentration of the
- Japan - United States - Germany
production in large companies.
- Canada - Chile
* USD
- Spain - Denmark
Product obtainment process
Buyers Intensive production can be continuous (reproduction, weaning-
development, fattening-slaughter) or be devoted only to fattening
- United States - Puerto Rico China is the world's largest importer (fattening of animals of the same age and once slaughtered, they are
- South Korea - Hong Kong of pork meat, with purchases all sold). The pork meat market is very dynamic, since it involves the
- China - Singapore sale of different products from raw cuts to processed meats
exceeding 1.2 million tonnes per
- Canada - Barbados (cold cuts); and it is sold in places that range from street
- Chile
year. The exporting leaders are the markets to supermarkets. In the case of Mexico
United States and Germany—their City, a large part of the production is aimed
Importers and Exporters sales amount to 1.8 million at the consumption of carnitas.
- United States - Chile tonnes each.
- Canada

Trade flow
(million USD)
2017-2018 Variation (%)
1,391 Volume
1,350 884,878 131,580 -753,298 9.7 3.0
1,289 tonnes
1,236
1,175
Value
998 million 1,350 536 -814 -2.9 -0.3
974
USD
877
Increase Decrease
704
538 536
445 429 432
378 395
317
307 It is the most broadly consumed red
227
Imports meat worldwide, and its demand in
recent decades has experienced a strong
Exports
increase due to changes in consumption
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
patterns derived from the increase in
income in some developing countries.
Imports 8.2 7.4 7.5 9.2 8.6 8.1 7.8 8.9 7.8 9.1 8.8 8.6
Exports 7.6 7.4 7.8 7.4 8.8 7.3 8.9 8.1 8.9 9.3 9.5 9.0
173
Table National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Main states
egg
Rank State Region
(tonnes) 2017-2018
Average 1 Jalisco Center-West 1,548,894 3.0

4 San Luis Potosí Center-West 90,827 128

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 172,574 1.7

In the poultry production of Mexico,
Sonora
the volume of table egg represents 5.1
46%. It is a product that involves
the raising and care of 204.8 million The most significant fresh
laying birds in facilities distributed egg production is obtained
along the 32 states. from Jalisco’s farms. In 2018,
it amounted to 1,548,894
tonnes with a sales value of
Annual per capita 29.196 billion MXN.
consumption
Puebla
18.2
Jalisco
23.0 kg
51.1
2018 Indicators
Price
13.2%
205 2,872 57,152 19,900
Variations %
Annual
2017-2018
1.3 3.6 8.5 4.7
AAGR
2009-2018
1.1 2.2 7.1 4.8
Increase

Management factors in poultry facilities enable production cycles that generate similar volumes of eggs throughout the year.
7.9 7.8 7.8 8.0 8.1 8.4 8.5 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.9 8.8
Medium availability
174
World ranking
Table
4
The national poultry activity contributes 3.5%
th to the production of fresh eggs worldwide.
world
producer Mexico Over 80 million tonnes of this livestock good
are produced in the world. In that volume,
egg
2,871,920 China is the leader.
tonnes
2018 Foreign trade

The clear increase in the national production of eggs supports the growing
domestic demand, reason why foreign trade flows are not very relevant.
Egg yolks predominate in the volumes acquired by Mexico, while dehydrated
eggs are the most common export. Female Gallus gallus domesticus
Description
Laying hens are poultry with a continuous oviposition. There are two kinds of chicken
breeds for the production of eggs for consumption: light or white egg producers, and
Main buyer Suppliers semi-heavy or brown egg producers. Within each breed there is a great variety of genetic
(Mexican imports) lines for production.
1,532,115*
- Cuba - United States
- Denmark Product obtainment process
* USD
- Argentina The one-day-old chick is housed in booths for 20 weeks, until they start laying
(when they reach sexual maturity and initiate laying). They are then changed
Buyers to laying coops and remain producing until the 80th week of life. Egg
(exports from Mexico) Worldwide, the most important purchases of production is done through two systems: cage posture and floor
- Japan fresh eggs are made by the Germans, which posture. The egg is marketed through commercial markets,
- Chile supply centers, supermarkets and for industrial use (baking).
represent 19% of the total. Also, Turkey is the
main supplier in the world with a contribution
of 15.9 percent.

114 2017-2018 Variation (%)
94.6
Volume
10,411 414 -9,997 -54.1 -10.3
tonnes
76.8 Value
million 21.0 2.3 -18.7 -26.3 7.4
USD
Decrease
49.4 51.3
28.5
21.0
11.5 9.6 10.5 10.1 11.6 Imports An average egg contributes part of
3.2 5.5
1.8 1.0 0.00002 0.9 2.1 2.3
Exports the daily needs of selenium, vitamin
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 B12, choline, riboflavin, proteins,
phosphorus and vitamin D.

Imports 10.3 12.8 7.2 8.6 5.4 3.6 6.7 9.6 10.2 10.4 4.5 10.7
Exports 15.5 17.9 18.2 5.0 0.2 9.7 9.7 8.9 0.0 9.7 5.2 0.0
175
FREE RANGE CHICKEN
Mexico is the largest consumer of fresh eggs
in the world and has an industry capable of
satisfying this demand with highly technical Alternative egg production systems
systems, most of them with battery cage
housing, good control over bird health and
good economic results.
However, the preference of a growing consumer

sector of food produced taking animal welfare in to
account has renewed the interest of producers in egg
production systems in which birds are raised in
environments that allow them to express their natural
behaviors. This in order to remain at the forefront and
in line with new global trends. Aviary Floor Free ranging
Furnished cages
(multi-level) (one level)
What is animal welfare? Free range systems

Fixed coop with free chicken:
According to the OIE (World Organization for Animal are those that allow
Permanent construction, with equipment
Health) it is "the physical and mental state of an animal in chickens to show the
such as drinking fountains, feeders, hangers
relation to the conditions in which it lives and dies." widest range of their and nests. The hens graze all day and
natural behaviors. protect themselves for laying and resting.
Animals
free of:
Fixed coop with semi-confinement:
Fixed construction with equipment, in this
Grass can be
Impediments case the hen grazes on specific or rotary
part of the hens'
to express their meadows as the case may be.
natural behaviors
diet, providing
nutrients and a
Hunger, positive effect on the
thirst and production, the size
malnutrition
Pain, lesions of the eggs and the Movable coop:
and sickness color of the yolk. Cage-like coop that moves according to
Physical and Fear and the needs, it must have a comfortable
thermal anguish area for the animals to rest and lay eggs.
discomfort
The five animal freedoms

represent the main components
of animal welfare.
Natural chicken behaviors

Alternative
production challenges Marketing
channels
Developing
technologies
Digging Nesting Grazing Flutter Variable

production
Higher production
costs
Pathology
Incidence
Sun bathing Dirt bathing Grouping Roosting
Source: SIAP
176
177
Bovine milk (million liters)
Rank State Region
Volume
(thousand
Variation (%)
2017-2018
liters)
Average 1 Jalisco Center-West 2,433,017 5.5
2 Coahuila Northeast 1,353,017 1.2
3 Durango Northeast 1,223,818 2.8
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 10 Aguascalientes Center-West 422,881 -2.1
Rest 2,561,602 1.1

Mexican dairy farming has a herd
that exceeds 2.5 million cows, from
which slightly over 12 billion liters of With milking levels above 1.128 billion liters
fresh milk are obtained. Coahuila
12.0 per year each, Jalisco, Coahuila, Durango
and Chihuahua are the leading national
producing states.
Annual per capita

consumption
Durango
10.7
99.0 l. Jalisco
18.3
2018 Indicators
Price
53.7%
Million Million Million MXN
head liters MXN / liter
3 12,006 73,688 6.1
Variations %
Annual
2017-2018
0.9 2.0 4.3 2.2
AAGR
2009-2018
0.8 1.4 4.4 2.9
Increase

The largest amount milk is obtained between July and October, which is associated with the greater availability of fresh fodder in the areas where cattle is raised.
7.9 7.6 7.8 8.0 8.2 8.4 8.9 8.9 8.7 8.7 8.5 8.4
Medium availability
178
World ranking
14 th Bovine milk
Mexico provides two out of
every hundred liters of fresh
milk of this bovine species
world
producer Mexico available in the world.
11,653,750 14.5% of the world production of

dairy products is generated in
tonnes the United States.
2018 Foreign trade

The milk trade transactions between countries are carried out in different
industrialized forms. From that perspective, Mexico holds a significant
commercial trade of powdered milk with other countries.
Of the milk volume imported by the country during 2018, most of it was bought Bos taurus, Bos indicus
from the United States (representing 93.7% of the total). In the Mexican export,
the sales to Venezuela stand out, representing 62.6 percent. Description
Cattle are classified into two species: Bos taurus (European), and Bos indicus
(Indo-Pakistani); specialized dairy cattle falls in the first classification. Among the
predominant specialized breeds in the country are: Holstein Fresian, Jersey
(Mexican imports)
139,789,075* and Swiss Brown.
- Venezuela - United States - Germany
- Uruguay - Denmark
* USD
- Canada - Chile Product obtainment process
- Poland - Belgium Production is generated during the lactation periods in the reproductive
Buyers - New Zealand - Ireland cycle of cows, which comes from specialized cattle, crossbreeds and dual
(exports from Mexico) purpose cattle. Raw milk is used as an input for various processed
- United States - Turkey products, from pasteurized milk in its multiple forms (cheese,
- Cuba - Trinidad and Importers and Exporters butter, cream, yogurt) to dairy formulas
- Colombia Tobago - United States - France and wheys.
- Belize - Guatemala - Uruguay - Netherlands
- Honduras - Panama - Canada - Switzerland
- Philippines - Chile
Germany is the largest importer of milk of those types that do not

include sugar or sweeteners; while in the milk segment that includes
the indicated additives, China is the top buyer.

(million USD)
1,012
947
913
960
Trade flow
824 845 2017-2018 Variation (%)
692
622 Volume
thousand 502,389 101,058 -401,331 12.3 29.6
508
liters
Value
million 845 223 -621 2.5 31.7
223
USD
170 Increase
73 86 78 81 83 72 86 Imports
54
Exports
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Water is the main component of milk. Its

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) content in different dairy species varies
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec from 83% to 91%.
Imports 6.8 7.7 8.7 9.2 9.1 7.9 7.5 9.2 7.9 9.4 8.8 7.8
Exports 6.9 7.7 11.5 10.5 13.2 10.4 11.4 6.9 7.3 6.7 3.8 3.7
179
Goat milk (thousand liters)

Average Rank State Region
Volume
(thousand
liters)
Variation (%)
2017-2018


2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 10 Michoacán Center-West 3,888 3.2
Rest 10,386 0.9

Mexican goat farming in 2018
generated a value of 3.259
billion MXN. Of that, 25.6% of The most significant volumes of
the income corresponds to the this dairy product are obtained
sale of fresh milk production. from the goat stock of Coahuila
Coahuila
26.2 and Guanajuato.
Annual per capita

consumption
Durango
Guanajuato
15.1
25.2
1.3 L
2018 Indicators
production of livestock Production Value
Average
Producer Price
Million Million MXN
0.7%
liters MXN / liter
164 903 5.5

Annual
2017-2018
0.8 8.6 7.8
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
-0.1 3.0 3.0
Decrease Increase

On average, 13.3 million liters of goat milk are obtained each month, although a maximum of 14.2 million is observed in December.
8.1 7.5 8.1 8.1 8.3 8.3 8.7 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.3 8.8
Medium availability
180
World ranking
26 Goat milk
Mexican livestock contributes one in
th every hundred tonnes to the worldwide
availability of goat milk.
world
producer Mexico
In the world, 18.7 million tonnes of milk
158,853 are generated every year. India is the

leading producer of this product, with a
tonnes contribution of one third of the total.
2018 Foreign trade

Mexico makes larger international sales than purchases of goat milk. In 2018,
dairy exports totaled 3.577 million liters.
The only destination for the foreign sales of this Mexican livestock good is the
United States. Capra hircus
Description
Goats are ruminants that have reproductive seasonality and multiple births (more
Main buyer than one kid per birth). Goats are mainly found in arid and semi-arid regions of
3,187,859* Mexico. The breeds used in Mexico for milk production are the Alpine, Nubia,
Saanen and Toggenburg.
- United States An additional commercial
* USD
opportunity for Mexico is to Product obtainment process
Supplier increase the exported volumes of The average milk production of a goat is 0.5 liters / day in 100 to 120
(Mexican imports) products with goat milk content, days. However, with breeds specialized in intensive systems, 2.5
liters / day are obtained in 8 months. The production units
- United States mainly cajeta. allocate between 20 and 30% of that product to the
manufacture of cheese (artisanal, delicatessen or
gourmet) and 70 to 80% to the production
Importer and Exporter of traditional sweets such as cajeta,
- United States glorias, wafers and flan.

2017-2018 Variation (%)
5,406 5,333 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports
4,539
Volume
thousand 4 3,577 3,573 -75.1 -31.6
liters
3,740
Value
3,188 thousand 14 3,188 3,174 -10.0 -29.8
USD
Decrease
1,760 1,793
1,625 1,644
1,479
Goat milk has a similar composition to

Imports that of cow milk. In Mediterranean and
20 11 61 40 73 1 0 0 16 14 Exports Latin American countries, this milk is
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 usually transformed into cheese. In Africa
and South Asia, it is generally consumed
raw or acidified.
Imports 15.2 5.5 11.8 0.0 16.2 12.9 6.6 7.2 3.9 0.0 13.8 6.9
Exports 3.6 8.9 10.7 7.1 10.7 13.4 10.7 10.7 3.6 7.1 9.9 3.6
181
Honey National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018
Average 1 Yucatán South-Southeast 11,589 166

2 Campeche South-Southeast 8,226 118

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 14,045 3.9

After two consecutive years with
a honey production significantly
lower than the historical 2009-2017
The Mexican honey production of 2018
average, in 2018, the volume reached
exceeded by 13,188 tonnes that of the
a new historical maximum of 64,254
previous year. The contribution of the
tonnes of this sweetener, which were
leading states was fundamental: Yucatán
generated in over 2 million hives.
and Campeche. The main producing state
also received the largest income for the
Annual per capita sale of its production.
consumption
Yucatán
16.1
Campeche
Jalisco 10.8
9.8
0.2 kg
2018 Indicators
Price
0.3%
hives tonnes MXN / tonne
2.2 64 2,755 42,871
Variations %
Annual
2017-2018
17.2 25.8 25.8 -0.1
AAGR
2009-2018
2.3 1.5 5.9 4.3
Decrease Increase

The large honey production in April and May is determined by the beekeepers of the Yucatán Peninsula, while that of November and December comes from Jalisco.
3.5 5.2 7.2 15.3 15.4 7.9 2.5 1.2 2.5 8.5 16.4 14.4
182
World ranking
Honey
9 th
There are 135 countries that generate honey.
Mexico stands out among the top ten
producing nations of this good, contributing
world
producer Mexico 2.7% to the world volume.
64,254 Beekeepers produce an annual global stock

of 1.9 million tonnes of this natural sweetener.
tonnes China contributes 29.2% to the total.
2018 Foreign trade

In 2018, Mexican beekeeping experienced an increase in its honey
production, which favorably impacted the national exportable supply and Honey bee: Apis mellifera
translated into a higher income for its sale: 120.397 million USD.
Commercial origin-destination Description

Germany continues as the main destination country of the sweetener, Bees are flying insects that live in colonies or hives of between 15 - 80 thousand
reaching 18,847 tonnes. There are 28 nations to which this Mexican good is individuals, organized in three social ranges: the queen bee, the drones and the worker
exported. bees. They live practically all over the world except for the icy regions of the planet.
There are more than 20,000 species of bees in the world, with apis mellifera being the
most used for honey production. At present, they are considered the most important
Main buyer Suppliers pollinators, since they allow the reproduction of many species of plants and foster
(Mexican imports)
62,852,499* balance in nature.
- Germany - France
- Hungary
* USD
- Spain Product obtainment process
The cycle begins with the flowering of plants. Bees collect pollen and nectar
Buyers from flowers to feed their young and produce honey, respectively. They store
(exports from Mexico) the honey in the cells of the honeycombs, covering it with a thin layer of
- United King- - Japan Mexico is the fourth exporter of honey wax (operculum). The beekeeper performs the harvest once most of
dom the cells are operculated: they collect the frames full of honey
- Netherlands in the world and has the advantage of from the racks, then they deposit them in centrifugal
- United States - France
being the main supplier of Germany, a machines that separate the honey from the wax
- Saudi Arabia - Spain
nation that is the largest importer in the (extraction) and finally they package
- Switzerland - Denmark it for its sale.
- Belgium world and that applies high standards
for the quality of the sweetener that it
Importers and Exporters acquires from abroad.
- France - Spain

156
147
Volume
2 36,067 36,066 130 30.1
tonnes
120 Value
112
105 million 0.016 120 120.381 140 15.0
101
USD
90.3 93.7
85.7 Increase
81.2
In addition to its commercial importance,

honey has a high cultural value. Consuming
Imports
it or using it for ointments is part of many
0.003 0.003 0.004 0 0.021 0.003 0.015 0.01 0.007 0.016
Exports traditional ceremonies. In the Masai African
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 tribes, honey is used to pay for the value of
the bride. In Ethiopia, honey wine is offered
at weddings.
Imports 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.5 1.3 37.0 0.0 37.0 2.6 2.6
Exports 4.1 4.9 4.9 11.3 13.9 17.0 16.5 10.1 7.0 3.4 3.5 3.4
183
NOT EVERYTHING IS SWEET IN THE BEEHIVE
Beekeeping is a livestock activity that throughout history has brought multiple benefits When the bees feed on
to humanity from the use of the products that bees make and also from their role as the flowers they carry
pollinating agents. This activity generates jobs and improves the income of families pollen from flower to
through the transformation and commercialization of its varied products. flower, which allows the
plants to reproduce.
There are two types of bees:

males (drones), born from an Beekeeping is the The physical space
unfertilized egg, and females livestock activity linked arranged by the
(queen and workers) that are to the breeding, beekeeper to house a bee
born from the combination of
an egg and a sperm. The latter
development and colony is called a beehive Parts of the hive:
management of bees to and a group of beehives,
are the same until their third obtain their products. apiary.
day of life, when a Outer cover
differentiated diet, based on
royal jelly, promotes the Honey supers
development of the queen's
reproductive system. Deep super
The domestic or Base or stand

European bee (apis
mellifera) is the most
bred species for honey
s
production. It forms uct
colonies that can have od
Beekeeper g pr
between 15,000 and
Queen 80,000 bees. e pin
Activities: e ke
Be
• Hives care Although honey stands out
• Honey extraction as the main product of
• Honey packaging beekeeping, bees also
Drone provide other substances of
• Mobilization of
hives. economic importance: wax,
pollen, propolis, royal jelly
and apitoxin. The
production of beehives and
Worker queen bees are also
beekeeping activities that
contribute to the income of
Beekeeping regions of Mexico Equipment and clothing
beekeepers. They are also
of the beekeeper rented as pollinators in
agriculture.
Veil
In Mexico, the wide variety of environments, climates
and flowers favor a diverse beekeeping production,
as observed in the different colors of the honey. Gloves
North Region
Pacific Region
Royal jelly
Altiplano or Center Region Scraper
Wax
Gulf Region
Yucatan Peninsula Region
Apitoxin
Overalls or
Pollen
Source: SIAP full suit Smoker Propolis
184
SHEEP FARMING: In the blink of an eye, Uses of wool
the sheep has no attire Odor

absorber
Sheep were brought to Mexico by the Spaniards since their first trips and wool
Textiles
production reached great relevance during the Colony. With the rise of cotton and
synthetic textile technologies, its use has diminished but its qualities have not been Thermal and
matched despite technological progress. It is also biodegradable! noise insulator
The product of shearing is

known as "greasy wool", it
is necessary to wash it to It is "carded",
remove residues and separating the It is "spun" by twisting
impurities. fibers without several fibers at the
cutting them. same time to join them
together and form a
Wool is obtained by means continuous thread.
of “shearing”.
Properties
Flexibility Fireproof (does not High Easily

produce flames) hygroscopicity dyed
Finally, the
threads are
Wool is a thick and
colored by
elastic animal fiber
"dyeing".
that preserves the
animal's body heat
and is used mainly in
the textile industry. Thermal insulator High resistance Biodegradable
to fungi and
bacteria
Breeds
In Mexico, sheep farming focuses
mainly on systems for meat
production, and it is also used
according to the breed, to
produce various by-products such
as wool, leather and manure. A sheep produces 1
to 3 kg of wool per
Some of the breeds that stand out year and up to 6
for their wool production are: when it comes to
Rambouillet Dorset Crossbreeds
thick wool
Crossbred sheep are distributed

in the Tarahumara and Mazahua
regions, and in the high regions of
Oaxaca and Chiapas, where wool
has an important cultural and
economic value due to its use in
the elaboration of handicrafts and
clothing.
Corriedale Hampshire Suffolk
Source: SIAP
185
186
Fishing Subsector
187
Tuna National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
(tonnes) 2017-2018

Average

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 39 -34.8

National tuna fishery reported a
volume of just over 119,000 tonnes
during 2018, which is close to the Fishermen from Sinaloa
average. This despite the fact that contribute slightly more than
Colima did not reach its maximum half of the national production
catch potential. Baja California
30.9 volume of the species. In 2018, its
value reached 920.4 million MXN.
Annual per capita

consumption
Sinaloa
36.6
1.1 kg
Chiapas
18.5
2018 Indicators
Average
fisheries production Volume Value Producer
Price
5.5%
Live weight Landed weight Million MXN
(thousand tonnes) (thousand tonnes) MXN / tonne
119 118 2,512 21,053

Annual
2017-2018
22.9 22.7 3.6 -15.7
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
1.3 1.3 8.9 7.5
Decrease Increase

88.7% of the national production is captured in the Pacific coastal states, with significant fishing activities between September and November.
1.5 2.7 12.8 10.3 13.4 10.7 10.5 8.5 9.2 4.9 12.4 3.1
188
World ranking
Tuna
13 th
Mexican fisheries contribute 2.2% to
the international tuna catch.
world
producer Mexico Indonesia, the world's largest
producer of the species, contributes
119,297 15.7% to the total volume.
tonnes
2018 Foreign trade

Mexico’s foreign commercial trade in tuna is mainly determined by the
convergence of the seasonality of its capture in the country and by the
preferences of the species among domestic and foreign consumers. Thunnus Albacares
30.9% of this fish product acquired by Mexico and 32.3% of the volume exported Description
by the country is traded with Spain. This fish is gray or blue, with a yellow or silver belly. It reaches 2 meters long and weighs
up to 180 kg. It must be on the move to avoid sinking, since its body is very heavy
because of its strong and compact muscles. It lives in subtropical and tropical waters,
Suppliers with temperatures between 18º C and 31° C, and depths from 0 to 100 meters,
Main buyer
(Mexican imports) which is why it is called an epipelagic fish.
97,012,442*
- Spain - China - Vietnam
- Kiribati - Papua New Product obtainment process
* USD Fishing is done with tuna boats, equipped with fixed or mobile nets and
- United States Guinea
various lines to fish with bait and longlines. The schools are visualized
- South Korea - Seychelles
Buyers by air or with binoculars from the ship. A boat carries one end of the
(exports from Mexico) - Spain - Micronesia net and surrounds the school forming a large bag that is pulled.
- Japan - Indonesia Tuna is boarded with strong steel hooks and placed in the
- France
- United States holds for immediate freezing.
- Nicaragua
Importers and Exporters
- Venezuela - United
- Spain - South Korea Of the international tuna
- Costa Rica Kingdom
- Canada
- Japan - Indonesia trade, one half corresponds
- Cuba
- United States - Costa Rica to fresh or refrigerated
- South Korea
- China - Vietnam
whole fish or fillets; while the
- Venezuela - Canada
other half, to preparations
and preserves.

(million USD)
323
301
Trade flow
2017-2018 Variation (%)
217
190 Volume
179 76,345 52,284 -24,061 -7.5 14.2
175 tonnes
148 147 Value
132
125 126 million 190 301 110 -12.1 31.9
101 USD
83.5 79.5 84.4 81.3
53.6
37.8
Imports
Exports
Due to its high protein and caloric
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
level, as well as for having vitamins of
the B complex, tuna is a food of high
Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) nutritional value, so its consumption
is recommended at various stages
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec of human growth—especially during
Imports 21.4 10.9 5.9 1.2 11.7 2.0 2.8 6.3 1.1 7.9 15.9 12.9 pregnancy and childhood .
Exports 4.0 4.6 11.7 8.5 8.5 16.9 8.3 7.8 6.1 6.4 9.9 7.3
189
TUNA:
FROM THE NET TO YOUR TABLE
Catch process
The capture is carried out in

tuna vessels equipped with
fixed or mobile nets. They can
The temperature of the water for
also be equipped with several
tuna spawning is ideal during the
lines or longlines. months of March to June, period
during which its catch increases.
The journey to catch tuna lasts up to three
months. It depends on the location of the
school and the capacity of the ship's holds.
• An average of 24 crew members travel on

board.
June
August
March
January
May
July
November
December
February
April
September
October
• It is caught by day, with purse seines that
reach 2 km long x 190 m wide.
• Once caught, the fish are put in refrigeration
tanks, at a temperature of -18 ° C.
Industrialization
The most important
species of tuna used for
canning are: Katsawonus
pelamis (skipjack tuna),
Thunnus alalunga (albacore
Skipjack tuna Albacore tuna tuna), Thunnus albacares
Can (yellowfin tuna) and
ned Yellowfin tuna Bigeye tuna
Thunnus obesus
tuna
prod (bigeye tuna).
1 uctio
n proc
ess
Transport fr
om
the port to th
2
processing
e
plant Receptio 3 4
n
Classific :
ation by
species Defrosting
and size
coding and Storage in warm water tubs
in freezers
7 5
6
ning e Nutritional values per
Clea oving th at iece
s
100 grams of edible
m
Re bone s , f
es. Cooking in a
u tting ng in p
, sidu vacuum with steam G ti
cut h portion of tuna
skin ther re
and
o and big fis
for
8 23 Proteins (g)
Cann
9 10
12
2.77
Fats (g)
*Sat. fats (g)
i
cover ng adding 1.3 Iron (mg)
ing liq the
airtig Sterilization
ht se uid and 28 Magnesium (mg)
aling in autoclaves, g
.
with high Packagin 40 Potasium (mg)
200 Phosphorus (mg)
temperature steam 1.1 Zinc (mg)
10 Iodine (mg)
0.2 B2 or riboflavin (mg)
Source: SIAP
190
MARICULTURE: we have to seize
the opportunities of our seas
Share in the production volume of mariculture in 2018
Mariculture is the specialized branch of aquaculture
The Pacific coast contributes Main species
that involves the cultivation of marine organisms for
food and other derived product. It is practiced in Sonora 87.9% of the production volume,
Oysters Shrimp
confined areas of open sea and coastal lagoons. 30.4% while the Gulf of Mexico and the
Caribbean contribute 12.1%
Baja California
Worldwide diagnosis 6.7%
13.9% 79.6%
Other states Tuna
3.5%
Baja California Sur
2.9%
Sinaloa
40.0% Veracruz 5.5%
Nayarit 11.0%
Others
5.5%
• The annual growth of edible fish 1.0%

consumption exceeded that of the
population in 55 years. In terms of per capita
consumption, it went from 9 to 20.2 kg. National mariculture
• The catch reached its maximum capacity
Sector dynamics
In 2018, the national fisheries
in the eighties. production amounted to 2.1%fue
• •2.1% was
el the average
aumento annual anual
promedio
• Aquaculture is the alternative to close the 2.1596 million tonnes in live increase in mariculture
weight. Of this volume, 17.3% de la maricultura en losinúltimos
recent 11
years.
años.
supply and demand gap of aquatic foods. 10.4%creció
• • 10.4% was the increase inanual
en promedio the annual
el
comes from aquaculture,
within which 77% has its production value of this
valor de producción de sector in thisen
este sector, same
ese
• Mariculture participates with 16.8% of the period.
mismo perido.
origin in mariculture.
world fisheries and aquaculture • • More
Más de than
tresthree quarters
cuartas partesofdel
the value
valor deofla
production. aquaculture
producción production was generated
de la acuacultura se generaronin
mariculture.
en la maricultura.
Production stages
Catch and
Fattening system
breeding
Fattening
Extensive Semi intensive Intensive

1. Low degree of control 1. Average control and cost 1. High control and costs
2. Low initial costs 2. Basic technological level 2. High technological level
3. Low technological level 3. Partial use of artificial media 3. Artificial systems: climate, water,
Improvement for
4. Controlled selection tanks, ponds, canals.
marketing
4. Controlled selection
Source: SIAP
191
Shrimp National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
(tonnes) 2017-2018
Average 2 Sonora Northwest 71,146 -14.5

4 Tamaulipas Northeast 15,160 14.8

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 1,382 -1.2

In the Mexican fishing activity, Sonora
34.1
shrimp capture and aquaculture
delivers the second highest
annual volume, but thanks to the
commercial value it obtains it is the
Sinaloa is positioned as the leader
most important in the country.
in shrimp production. Two thirds
of its volume are generated by
aquaculture production units.
Annual per capita
consumption
Sinaloa
42.6
Nayarit
7.3
1.7 kg
2018 Indicators
Price
10.7%
230 218 16,920 73,445

Annual
2017-2018
1.1 0.7 -4.4 -5.5
Variations %
AAGR
2009-2018
1.8 2.1 8.7 6.8
Decrease Increase

55.8% of the shrimp is obtained between September and November, with a maximum volume of up to 47,000 tonnes in October.
3.0 3.1 2.9 1.6 2.9 4.5 7.2 8.0 14.1 22.9 18.8 11.0
192
World ranking
Shrimp
7
National capture and aquaculture allow
th the country to stand out among the main
shrimp producers in the world. Mexico
world contributes 2.7% to the total volume.
producer Mexico
230,381 There are 118 countries with shrimp activity.

China is the leading producer of this
tonnes crustacean, with 3.6 million tonnes per year.
2018 Foreign trade

Among the fishery products that Mexico exports, shrimp is the one that
represents the largest revenue. The country also makes purchases from other
nations, mainly in the months in which the national supply is limited by seasonal
factors in the capture areas and in the aquaculture breeding cycles.
The Mexican shrimp export industry has a vocation to supply the demand of the Litopenaeus vannamei
largest importer of this crustacean in the world: the U.S. In this market, aspects
such as the size of the crustacean are decisive in its purchase.
Description
This crustacean has a whitish to yellowish color, being slightly darker in the dorsal
part of the shell. It reaches a length of 23 cm, with a 9 cm shell. Its body is protected
by a thick shell made of chitin, which it needs to shed in order to grow. They are
(Mexican imports)
256,994,038* mandibular organisms, with articulated appendages, with two pairs of antennas,
- United States - China - United States gills and a shell.
- Guatemala - India
* USD
- Nicaragua - Vietnam
- Honduras - Norway Product obtainment process
Buyers - Thailand - Belize The capture is done with trawls and seines. Fishing instruments
(exports from Mexico) such as barriers, snips and cast or traversed nets are used in
- Vietnam - Italy the brackish waters of lagoons. This decapod (ten legs) is
Importers and Exporters nocturnal, so it feeds at night. It detects its food mainly
- France - Dominican Japan is the second
- Japan - United States - Thailand by smell and touch, in which the antennae play
Republic largest shrimp buyer in
- Spain - China - India an important role.
- Thailand
- China - Greece - Vietnam - Italy the international market.
- India - Spain Its purchases amount to
220,000 tonnes per year, of
which 30% correspond to
canned product.

(million USD)
385
Trade flow
324 333 324
319 313 2017-2018 Variation (%)
295
274 268 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports
263
239
Volume
18,158 33,469 15,312 -8.9 -12.5
tonnes
171
159 Value
million 101 324 224 -15.7 -15.8
120 119 USD
97.6 96.9 101
75.5 Decrease
68.6
Imports
Exports
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Artificial shrimp reproduction was first

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) achieved in Florida in 1973.
Imports 8.2 9.7 5.5 3.2 10.3 13.4 13.7 9.8 4.3 4.1 8.8 9.0
Exports 7.9 6.0 5.4 3.3 1.6 1.2 1.8 3.8 6.2 18.7 28.5 15.6
193
Lobster National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018

2 Baja California Northwest 704 -11.5
Average
3 Yucatán South-Southeast 598 -7.2
4 Quintana Roo South-Southeast 439 -10.5
5 Nayarit Northwest 190 9.8
8 Michoacán Center-West 98 69.6

10 Sinaloa Northwest 22 -66.2
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 54 27.4

The most important catch
of this crustacean is carried
out in the coasts of the
Baja California Sur is the state that
Baja California Peninsula.
Baja California catches the largest volume of lobster.
Red lobster is the most 16.1
In 2018, the effort of its fishermen
characteristic, due to the high
translated into 2,528 tonnes with a
sales value it attains in the
sale value of 610 million MXN.
international market.
Baja California Sur
57.9
Annual per capita
consumption
Yucatán
11.5
20.0 g
2018 Indicators
Average
Price
0.2%
5 5 1,052 214,623
Variations %
Annual
2017-2018
-5.5 -5.7 10.4 16.9
AAGR
2009-2018
8.6 8.9 15.4 6.2
Decrease Increase

The capture of this species in national waters is conditioned by the three closed seasons during the year.
11.2 7.5 2.4 1.7 1.6 1.9 6.4 2.7 12.5 21.5 16.7 13.9
194
World ranking
12 th
The capture of this crustacean in Mexico
contributes 1.6% to the international
Lobster
volume of the species.
world
producer Mexico
The lobster fisheries of the world
4,903 generate 312,000 tonnes per year.

Canada contributes one third of
tonnes that volume.
2018 Foreign trade

Mexican lobster has a high foreign demand. From the total catch in our
national waters, 44.8% is exported. This flow represents the third largest
revenue among the most internationally traded fishery products in the
country.
Palinurus elephas
40.1% of the Mexican exported volume of this crustacean is destined for
Hong Kong. This territory has kept an average purchase of 888 tonnes per
Description
year during the last four years, which characterizes it as a regular customer.
It is a crustacean whose body is divided into a cephalothorax (or “head”) and an abdomen (or
“tail”). The former is prickly and the face is small, highlighting its protruding eyes protected
by spiny projections. It is dark violet or brown color, with abundant yellow spots on the
abdomen, legs and antennae. Since it is a nocturnal animal, it almost does not move
(Mexican imports)
during the day, but at night it travels the seafloor seeking for food from dead fish, sea
41,200,647* urchins, worms, squid and other mollusks.
- Hong Kong - Nicaragua - Brazil
- Canada - United States
* USD
- Honduras - Spain Product obtainment process
Its capture is carried out with traps called creels, which are made with strips
of wood or wicker, in the form of a truncated pyramid. On the upper face
Buyers Importers and Exporters of the mobile trap they have a one-way gateway which consists of an
(exports from Mexico) inverted funnel where the lobster enters, so that it cannot get
- United States
- China - Malaysia back out. The capture is carried out between October and
- Canada
- United States - Canada March, which is when these organisms locate at much
- Singapore - Italy shallower depths.
- France - Belgium
Of the catch volume, most is sold as whole
- Vietnam specimens. However, the sale of the abdomen alone
- United Arab —colloquially known as “lobster tail”—has become
Emirates
increasingly important.

(million USD)
Trade flow
103
2017-2018 Variation (%)
77.6 Volume
72 126 2,196 2,071 -63.3 15.5
tonnes
Value
million 3.2 103 100.1 -51.2 16.3
USD
28.0
22.5 22.6
17.5 19.1
6.6
Imports
5.2 3.2
1.7 0.5 0.2 1.4 2 0.5 2.5
Exports Two species of lobster are caught in
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 the state of Baja California: panulirus
interruptus, known as red lobster,
and panulirus inflatus, which is
commonly called blue lobster or
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec California spiny lobster.
Imports 13.2 10.1 26.4 9.2 9.1 10.6 1.5 2.1 2.9 3.3 7.5 4.1
Exports 9.7 8.8 2.6 1.2 0.4 0.0 2.6 2.7 4.9 25.7 23.3 18.1
195
Bream National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018

Average 3 Michoacán Center-West 17,615 -31.9

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 19,697 -7.1

Due to its characteristic flavor and
sales price, bream or tilapia is one of
the most popular fish consumed. Its
market faces the challenge to expand Jalisco has established as a leading
its aquaculture capacity. Volumes of producer of bream. Its potential is
up to 153,000 tonnes per year have based on the breeding of the species
been recorded under this production in aquaculture farms. Tabasco and
modality. Michoacán lead the capture of the
species, with slightly over 7,000
tonnes each.
Annual per capita
consumption
Nayarit
8.3
Jalisco
16.2
2.0 kg
Chiapas
17.3
2018 Indicators
Average
Price
7.8%
168 165 3,198 18,997
Variations %
Annual
2017-2018
-6.4 -6.5 -8.3 -2.0
AAGR
2009-2018
9.1 9.4 13.7 4.2
Decrease Increase

The national level of bream production remains steady throughout the year: 13,000 tonnes monthly, on average.
8.3 8.9 9.3 8.3 6.8 7.2 8.1 8.1 8.2 9.2 8.9 8.7
Medium availability
196
World ranking
9 th
Bream production in Mexico contributes
two of each hundred tonnes of this
Bream
fishing good available in the world.
world
producer Mexico
China maintains the leadership in the
168,359 production of bream. It contributes 24%

to the global production volume of this
tonnes species.
2018 Foreign trade

As a direct result of a lower production of the species during 2018,
Mexico’s imports involved a greater volume.
The largest amount of the imported volume of this species comes from
Oreochromis auerus
China. Fillet sales stand out in this trade flow.
Description
With an elongated and narrow body, it can measure between 20 and 25 cm. The mouth
Main buyer Suppliers is small, protractile, generally wide, often bordered by thick lips. The mandibles have
(Mexican imports)
18,098,554* conical teeth and, in some cases, incisors. It has even numbered fins (pectoral and
- United States - China - Costa Rica ventral), and odd numbered ones (constituted by the dorsal, caudal and anal fins). It
- Vietnam - Honduras is possible to find it in rivers, lagoons, estuaries and brackish waters, from sea level
* USD
- Hong Kong - United States to the mountains. Despite being native to hot climates, they tolerate cold waters.
- Canada - Taiwan
Buyers - Chile
(exports from Mexico) Product obtainment process
- Switzerland The capture can be modulated depending on the quantity and
- Japan
- Dominican frequency with which the available product is needed for
- Spain
commercialization. The harvests are made with cast nets when
Republic - Germany
the fish have reached a suitable size for sale. The minimum
- South Korea Mexico is the ninth largest importer capture size is 18.5 cm in total length.
of bream in the world. Its purchases
Importer and Exporter represent 2.5% of the 3.8 million tonnes
- United States that are traded annually.

(million USD)
Trade flow
2017-2018 Variation (%)
201 199
Volume
86,307 3,020 -83,287 35.5 -2.5
180 tonnes
152 Value
141 138
143 million 199 18.2 -180.6 38.8 -8.2
USD
100
57.4
29.1 31.9 The cultivation of bream is one of

23.5 Imports
10.4
19.9 18.2 the most profitable activities within
0.05 1.2
0.1 0.6 Exports aquaculture due to its rapid growth,
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 resistance to diseases, tolerance to high
density conditions, ability to survive low
concentrations of oxygen and different
Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) salinities, and its acceptance of a wide
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec varitiy of food.
Imports 9.8 9.4 4.7 2.9 7.3 7.0 9.7 9.1 9.4 11.2 9.7 9.8
Exports 11.4 9.5 11.5 7.7 8.4 7.6 6.9 8.5 5.7 11.2 5.7 5.9
197
Octopus National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
Main states
Region
(tonnes) 2017-2018

Average 3 Baja California Sur Northwest 1,684 14.6
5 Quintana Roo South-Southeast 576 149
8 Veracruz South-Southeast 294 -10.2
9 Nayarit Northwest 271 13.4

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rest 202 -5.1

The octopus fishery in Mexico presented
outstanding results during 2018: the
vessels achieved a maximum historical In the country, the coastal states of
catch of 56,754 tonnes. the Gulf of Mexico and the Mexican
Caribbean have a vocation for
octopus capture, although Yucatán
alone obtains two thirds of the total
Baja California Sur national volume.
Annual per capita 2.5
consumption Yucatán
64.8
Campeche
25.5
0.4 kg
2018 Indicators
Average
Price
2.6%
57 53 2,651 46,713
Variations %
Annual
2017-2018
46.3 46.2 32.1 -9.7
AAGR
2009-2018
9.2 9.4 17.8 7.9
Decrease Increase

The largest octopus catch takes place between August and December, with a maximum in October of up to 9,400 tonnes on average.
0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 16.3 20.3 22.7 20.9 15.7
198
World ranking
3 rd
10.4% of the global octopus captured volume
comes from Mexican waters. This production
Octopus
allows the country to stand out among the
world
producer Mexico main fisheries of this mollusk.
56,754 Octopus capture takes place in 71 countries, of

which China is the leader.
tonnes
2018 Foreign trade

Octopus is another fishing good of Mexican origin with high demand in the
international market. Worldwide, Mexico is the eighth largest exporter of
the species.
Italy is the main buyer of this fishing good that Mexico trades with other Octopus maya
nations, with volumes exceeding 5,200 tonnes per year.
Description
It is a cephalopod mollusk belonging to the order of the octapods, whose main
characteristic is that it lacks a shell and has 8 arms or tentacles. Each of them presents
(Mexican imports)
39,799,961* two rows of sticky suckers, that the octopus uses to hold on strongly to its prey and
- Indonesia - United States
- Italy which also allow it to hold on to the rocks while it moves—which occurs with the
- Philippines - Japan
* USD propulsion it generates by throwing water, since it lacks swimming fins. It lives in the
- Vietnam - Chile
cracks of rocks and holes in the seafloor, although it can also be found invading
- China - Portugal
Buyers the shells of gastropods and various other submerged objects.
- Spain - Thailand
- Spain - Vietnam Product obtainment process
- United States - Greece The fishery mainly concentrates on two species: Octopus maya,
- Colombia - China called Mexican four-eyed octopus, and O. vulgaris or common
- Portugal - Japan Of the total volume of this mollusk traded octopus. Along the coasts of the Gulf of Mexico and the
- Uruguay - France Caribbean it is the fourth most important species,
between countries, one third corresponds since 98% of the national production comes from
to canned or smoked products. In this Yucatán, Campeche and Baja
Importers and Exporters California Sur.
- Spain - Japan
segment, the United States is the main
- United States - France importer.
- Portugal - Thailand
- Vietnam - South Korea
- China

2017-2018 Variation (%)
105.3
101.3
Volume
382 13,019 12,637 -42.2 81.3
tonnes
Value
68.5 million 2.4 101.3 98.9 -33.4 79.4
61.3 USD
56.0 57.2 56.5
Increase Decrease
46.7
30.5 30.6
Imports
2.7 2.6 2.8 3.6 2.4
1.0 1.3 1.3 0.9
0.8 Exports Octopus has a great nutritional value,
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 providing iodine, calcium, potassium
and different vitamins to our body;
besides being a very caloric food, it
Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) has a low saturated fat content.
Imports 4.2 13.4 13.4 5.7 5.9 0.3 10.5 12.8 10.6 11.1 0.4 11.7
Exports 6.3 2.8 3.1 3.7 0.9 0.6 0.4 5.2 22.7 23.1 19.0 12.2
199
Sardine National production volume

(thousand tonnes)
Rank State
per state
Region
Volume
(tonnes)
Variation (%)
2017-2018

Average
5 Yucatán South-Southeast 296 27.0
6 Veracruz South-Southeast 75 -46.5
7 Colima Center-West 30 -22.4
8 Campeche South-Southeast 2 219
9 Michoacán Center-West 1 NA
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Among the fisheries that take Sonora
place along the Mexican coasts, 54.5
sardine fishery stands out The fishing fleet of the states located
because its effort translates in the northwestern region of Mexico
into the largest volume of fish achieve the biggest catch. The fleet from
obtained annually. Sonora is the most productive, with a
capture capacity that can reach up to
Baja California Sur 400,000 tonnes per year.
Annual per capita 18.8
consumption
Sinaloa
14.0
4.6 kg
2018 Indicators
Average
Price
27.2%
587 506 623 1,061
Variations %
Annual
2017-2018
-18.6 -20.4 6.5 30.8
AAGR
2009-2018
-4.3 -4.4 -0.7 3.8
Decrease Increase

The sardine capture season includes the inter-annual October-July period, with average monthly volumes exceeding 53,000 tonnes.
9.7 9.1 9.2 7.8 9.7 11.9 9.5 5.1 3.7 4.6 9.7 10.0
200
World ranking
10 th
Fishing activities in Mexico obtain a
sardine volume that represents 3.1%
Sardine
of the total produced internationally.
world
producer Mexico
Peru is the leading producer of the
587,433 species, it generates one fifth of the total

volume of this pelagic product.
tonnes
2018 Foreign trade

The Mexican foreign purchase of sardines in industrialized packaging
determines a negative trade balance for the country, even though the
exported volume is 2.5 times greater than the one imported.
There are 21 destination countries for the exported volume. Among them, the
Sardinops caeruleus
United States stands out with 8,776 tonnes in 2018.
Description
It is a small silver fish, with a single dorsal fin that is located at the center of its body,
Main buyer Suppliers one caudal fin split into two and a ventral fin with long spiny scales on the belly.
(Mexican imports) It has randomly scattered spots on the sides and radial marks on the gills, which
4,885,424*
- United States - Ecuador - Canada distinguishes it from other members of this species. It reaches up to 38 cm long.
- China - Portugal
* USD
- Morocco - France Product obtainment process
- Spain - Vietnam Purse seiners or clipper-type vessels and adapted shrimp boats are used
Buyers - Philippines - Japan
(exports from Mexico) for its capture. The fishing gear used is generally the purse seine,
which can be 250 to 270 m long, 30 to 60 m deep, and with a mesh
- Malaysia - Ukraine
3 cm wide. With this, the sardine school is surrounded and the
- Thailand - Brazil net is closed at the bottom forming a bag before getting it
- Vietnam - Taiwan Asian countries such as Malaysia, on the boat.
- South Korea - China
- Panama - El Salvador Thailand and South Korea, which prefer
whole fish, make sporadic purchases of
Importers and Exporters sardines from Mexico.
- United States - China
- Vietnam - Canada

(million USD)
Trade flow
2017-2018 Variation (%)
40.3
37.0
Volume
7,386 18,419 11,033 -11.7 -27.2
32.7 tonnes
31.0
27.5
Value
26.3 million 13.4 12.0 -1.4 -10.9 -24.1
USD
Decrease
19.1
18.2
17.5
15.0 15.8
14.5
13.4
12.0
5.6
4.4 4.3
2.7
3.9 Imports Sardines live in cold and
2.4
Exports temperate waters, gathering
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 in groups that form huge
schools which, during the
moonlit nights, reflect the
Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) light making them easy to
spot by the fishermen.
Imports 16.9 12.3 5.4 2.8 3.1 4.6 6.8 7.2 8.3 21.5 8.5 2.6
Exports 8.2 9.9 11.2 9.1 7.9 9.2 5.1 6.6 9.5 12.0 7.3 4.0
201
Acronyms
ASERCA. Agency for Trading Services and Development of Agricultural Markets OIE. World Organisation for Animal Health
BANXICO. Bank of Mexico OMC. World Trade Organization
BM. World Bank (WB) UN Women. United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of
Women (UN Women)
CENAPA. National Center for Animal Health Verification Services
RAN. National Agrarian Registry
CENASA. National Center for Diagnostic Services in Animal Health
SADER. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
CINVESTAV. Center for Research and Advanced Studies
SE. Ministry of Economy
CONAGUA. National Water Comission
SENASICA. National Service for Sanitation, Safety and Quality of Food and Agriculture
CONABIO. National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity
SEMARNAT. Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources
CONAPESCA. National Commission for Aquaculture and Fisheries
SCT. Ministry of Communications and Transportation
CONAPO. National Population Council
SIAP. Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Information Service
CONAZA. National Arid Zones Commission
SINIIGA. National System of Individual Cattle Identification
ENOE. INEGI National Occupation and Employment Survey
SINEXE. National Information System of Exotic and Emerging Diseases
ERMEX. Mexico Reception Station
SIRVEF. Integrated Reference System for Phytosanitary Epidemiological Surveillance
FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
SIVE. Epidemiological Surveillance System
FAOSTAT. Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations SNICS. National Seed Inspection and Certification Service
FIRCO. Shared Risk Trust UACh. Chapingo Autonomous University
INAPESCA. National Fisheries Institute UNA. National Poultry Farmers Union
INEGI. National Statistics and Geography Institute UNAM. National Autonomous University of Mexico
INIFAP. National Research Institute on Forestry, Farming and Livestock UNESCO. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
INC. International Nut and Dried Fruit Council Foundation MDD. Million USD
Inca Rural. National Institute for the Development of the Rural Sector’s Capabilities MDP. Million MXN
IPN. National Polytechnic Institute
Some abbreviations of the International System of Units used in this edition
kilogram kg kilometer km
square meter m2 hectare ha
cubic meter m3 gram g
degree Celsius ° C tonne t
degree ° liter l
millimeter mm milliliter ml
centimeter cm percentage %
meter m
meters above the mean sea level MASL
202
Glossary
Agricultural, livestock and fishing production value. Monetary amount at current Beef in carcass. Slaughtered, bled and skinned animal, opened across the median line of
prices of the products generated in the agricultural, livestock and fishing activity the chest and abdomen to the tail. It is separated from the head at the neck; of the anterior
during a certain period. extremities (back legs) at the carpalmetacarpal joint and of the posterior at the level of
the tarsometatarsal joint. The tail is also amputated at the level of the last caudal vertebra.
Agricultural, livestock and fishing production volume. Quantification of the Without cavity viscera (except for the kidneys), leaving the diaphragm adhered; without
volume of goods generated through the agricultural, livestock and fishing activity genitals or udders.
during a period of time. The volume of livestock and fishing products corresponds
to a civil year, and the agricultural products to an agricultural year. Also, the fishing Buyer. Term used to identify countries to which Mexico exports products.
volume is considered in live weight and in the case of some livestock products, such
as cow and sheep milk, a conversion factor has been applied in order to set the Crustacean. Aquatic animal. It belongs to the arthropod phylum, the main group of
measuring units from liters to kilograms. invertebrates, characterized for a chitinous exoskeleton and articulated appendixes; present
in marine and fresh waters, as well as in land. For example: crabs, lobsters, shrimp, crayfish, etc.
Agricultural year. Period of 18 months that results from the addition of the sowings
and harvests that happen in the agricultural autumn-winter and spring-summer Cyclical crops. They are harvests that have a vegetation cycle of less than a year.
cycles, and of the harvests of perennial products. It stretches from October-December In the country, the sows and harvests of this kind of crops are concentrated in two
of a year, plus the next complete civil year and the months of January-March of the cycles: autumn-winter and spring-summer.
subsequent year.
Destination. Term used to identify countries to which Mexico exports products.
Animal stock. Number of animals that are found for livestock exploitation and the
obtention of different livestock products in a given period of time. In the case of Exports. Total products or assets that leave the national territory temporarily or
beekeeping, the stock refers to the number of hives. definitely. Numbers can be defined as volumes, weight or monetary value.
Annual per capita consumption. Expresses the availability of a product per Fishing. Activity in which by the capture, collection, extraction, cultivation or any
inhabitant of a determined area (country, state, region, etc.) during a specific period. other authorized method, some species that live completely or temporarily in the
It is the number obtained when substracting the exported volume from the internal water are obtained; as well as the previous and following related actions.
production volume, adding the imported volume and then dividing the resulting
amount by the population of a geographical area. It does not apply for products of Gross. Unit of measure used for some crops to quantify production, mostly of
indirect consumption such as oil-seeds, fodders or ornaments. ornamental plants. It is equivalent to 144 stalks (twelve dozens).
Annual variation. Value that shows the change that takes place in a variable Harvested surface. Surface from which production was obtained, including that
between two periods, one of them is established as the standard for comparison and which was partially lost.
it is measured as a percentage.
Hive. Place in which a bee colony lives.
Aquacultural. It refers to the cultivation of organisms that live in water.
Importing and exporting country. Nations to which products are exported and
Aquaculture. Set of activities involving the controlled breeding, pre-fattening and from which they are imported as well.
fattening of animal or plant species carried out in facilities located in fresh, marine
or brackish waters, by means of breeding or cultivation techniques, which are Imports. Total products or assets that enter national territory temporarily or definitely.
susceptible to commercial, ornamental or recreational exploitation. Numbers can be defined as volumes, weight or monetary value.
Autumn-winter cycle. Cycle in which the sows are registered between October and Irrigation modality. It refers to the vocations of the surface, which may be seasonal
March of the following year. The harvests generally begin in December and end in or through irrigation systems.
September of the subsequent year.
Irrigation surface. Area where the artificial water supply is applied to benefit the crops.
Average Annual Growth Rate (AAGR). Value that shows the change in terms of
percentage of a variable, applying a factor of temporal succession (years, months, Landed weight. Volume that the product achieves once it has been declared landed,
days, hours). in its various forms: headless, filleted, eviscerated, in pulp, sliced, etc.
Average producer price. The producer price is defined as the amount of money Live weight. Total weight of the product at the moment it is obtained from its
received by the producer for each unit of a good or service generated as production, medium. It is calculated based on the landed weight, applying conversion factors
not including the value added tax (VAT—IVA in Mexico) or other taxes billed to the established by the National Fishing Institute, according to the universally-adopted
buyer. In addition, said figure excludes any freight charge that was not included in methodology by FAO.
the price and had to be billed separately.
Lost surface. Sowed area that, during the cycle or agricultural year, registers a
Average rural price. It is defined as the price paid to the producer in the first sale inside total loss due to climate phenomena or because of pests or diseases. In the case of
the production area, which is why it does not include economical incentives that the perennials, it is acknowledged as a total loss only for the current agricultural year
Federal or local governments could grant through support programs for the producers. considering that the plantation is still available for harvest next year.
203
Glossary
Organic production. System for the production and processing of food, products, Ranking. Ordinal number that shows the place of an element in an ordered list
animal or vegetable by-products and/or other goods, with a regulated use of external according to a special characteristic or numeric value.
inputs, restricting (and, where appropriate, prohibiting) the use of synthetic chemical
products. Seasonal surface. Area in which the development of the crops depends entirely on
the rains or the residual humidity of the soil.
Origin. Expression used to identify the countries from which Mexico imports a product.
Sowed surface. Agricultural surface in which the seed or sapling of any crop is
Perennial. It refers to fruits and plantations with an economically useful life that goes deposited after preparing the soil.
from 2 to 30 years; even when biologically, there are species that can be productive
for 50 or even 100 years. Species. Set of beings that have one or several common characteristics. It is the
basic unit for biological classification.
Perennial crops. Crops that have a vegetation cycle of more than a year. For this
reason, in administrative records, January is considered as the start of the harvest Spring-summer cycle. It is the cycle where sows are registered between April and
and, December as the end. From these crops, there are four which are considered as September of the same year and the harvests are registered from June to March of
special perennial that—because of their productive, commercial and agro-industrial the subsequent year.
characteristics—are registered in special specific periods for monitoring. They are:
alfalfa, cacao, cherry coffee, and sugarcane. State. Major geographical unit of the political-administrative division of the country.
Pork in carcass. Body of a slaughtered, bled, hairless animal. It is eviscerated (possibly Supplier. Term that serves to identify those countries from which Mexico imports
with the kidneys and internal fat remaining). The skin and extremities remain and it is products.
opened through the median line (sternal-abdominal), without spinal cord, separated
from the head at neck-level (atlanto-occipital joint); with the head still joined to the Table egg. Non fertile or non fertilized egg, destined for human consumption or for
body by the soft tissues. industrial use.
Potential market. Characteristic of an importing market of a country that could Temperature. Degree or level of heat in the environment, measured in degrees
be suitable for foreign trade. It establishes different assumptions of commercial, Celsius.
statistical, productive or customs nature.
Trade balance. It refers to the amount of purchases minus the sales of products that
Poultry meat in carcass. Slaughtered spent hen or chicken that is bled and plucked, a country makes. The balance has a surplus for a country when the total exports is
devoid of head, neck, crop, legs, oil gland and abdominal viscera. larger than the imports, and a deficit when the imports exceed the exports.
Production value. Monetary value in current prices of the assets and services of the Vegetation cycle. Sequence of changes in a vegetal organism from its germination
productive activity during a reference period. to the production of fruits.
Production volume. Amount of products generated in a productive activity during a Yield. Figure that results from diving the obtained production by the harvested
certain period destined for the market and / or for self-consumption. surface.
204
General information sources
Agency for Trading Services and the Development of Agricultural Markets World Trade Organization
General Inquiry Trade map
https://www.gob.mx/aserca/ https://www.trademap.org/Index.aspx
National Aquaculture and Fisheries Commission (CONAPESCA). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Database of annual fisheries production OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2017-2026
https://www.gob.mx/conapesca/documentos/anuario-estadistico-de-acuacultura-y- https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/agriculture-and-food/ocde-fao-perspectivas-
pesca agricolas-2017-2026_agr_outlook-2017-es
Mexican Wine Council General Customs Administration of the Tax Administration Service (SAT / AGA)
General inquiry Databases
https://www.crt.org.mx/index.php/es/el-tequila-3/historia
Consumer Affairs Department
National Population Council (CONAPO) General inquiry
2016-2050 Population Projections https://www.gob.mx/profeco
https://datos.gob.mx/busca/dataset/proyecciones-de-la-poblacion-de-mexico-y-de-
las-entidades-federativos-2016-2050 Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
General inquiry
Tequila Regulatory Council https://www.gob.mx/agricultura
General inquiry
https://www.crt.org.mx/index.php/es/el-tequila-3/historia Ministry of Economy
Online Tariff Information System
Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture of the Food and Agriculture http://www.economia-snci.gob.mx/
Organization (FAO).
World production statistics Ministry of Rural and Agrifood Development of Michoacán
http://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/es General inquiry
http://sedrua.michoacan.gob.mx/
Statistical Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAOSTAT)
Production — Crops Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Information Service (SIAP)
Production — Primary livestock farming
http://faostat3.fao.org/download/Q/*/S Installed slaughter capacity for livestock species
https://www.gob.mx/siap/documentos/capacidad-de-sacrificio-de-especies-
Mexican Government pecuarias
General inquiry
https://www.gob.mx/ Agri-Food Consultation Information System (SIACON)
http://www.gob.mx/siap/acciones-y-programas/produccion-agricola-33119?idiom=es
National Institute of Research and Innovation on Livestock, Agricultural
Forestry and Aquaculture Fisheries Annual agricultural production
General inquiry http://nube.siap.gob.mx/cierreagricola/
https://www.gob.mx/inifap
Annual livestock production
National Fisheries Institute http://nube.siap.gob.mx/cierre_pecuario/
General inquiry
https://www.gob.mx/inapesca/ Monthly agricultural production
https://www.gob.mx/siap/acciones-y-programas/produccion-agricola-33119
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
General inquiry
Monthly livestock production
http://www.fao.org/home/es/
http://www.gob.mx/siap/acciones-y-programas/produccion-pecuaria?idiom=es
Foreign Trade Tracking System

http://www.gob.mx/siap/acciones-y-programas/indicadores-economicos?idiom=es
205
Methodological notes
Production The data for the Mexican production volume that was published by this international
The various indicators for agricultural goods on the production sheet consider the organization differs from the official data from Mexico for some agricultural products.
statistics of the agricultural year, with the exception of seasonality. For livestock In this case, the production volume figure corresponds to the national statistic.
and fishery goods, the reference period of the data and indicators is the calendar Nonetheless, the statistic from the FAO was considered for the comparison with other
year. According to the availability of information at the date of the drafting of this countries in the calculation of shares and the world ranking. The Mexican products
publication, the 2018 fishery data is considered preliminary. Likewise, it should under this situation are: broccoli, cocoa, zucchini, safflower, onion, cauliflower, copra,
be noted that in this edition, for the years 2015 to 2017, the fishing data shows a guava, tomato, lime, mango, table grape, bovine milk, tuna, shrimp, lobster, bream,
divergence with the information presented in previous editions; this derives from octopus and sardine.
the updates made by the generating source (CONAPESCA). In the table that shows
the volume disaggregated by state, the national total for some products may differ For the world ranking in sugarcane production, the source is the International Sugar
slightly from the sum of the partials, which is attributable to the rounding of figures. Organization in 2017.
The cranberry product includes cranberries and blueberries. For sugarcane, the Annual per capita consumption
national production indicators correspond to the cane that is allocated for industrial The indicator of annual per capita consumption takes the year 2018 as a temporal
usage. As of this edition, the corresponding coconut fruit flow is included in copra, reference. The universe of people from CONAPO’s projection at the middle of the
in order to have a comparable homologous series between production and flows year was considered for its calculation.
produced and sold abroad. The data for goat and mutton meat in carcass, as well as
goat milk are included for the first time in this edition. The volume of annual national consumption for each product was obtained by
adding the amounts of internal production and imports, and then subtracting the
Variation percentage and growth rate indicator exports. In the case of coffee, the indicators make reference to green coffee; for its
When the indicator of percentage variation and average annual growth rate is “NA” calculation a conventional conversion factor was applied from cherry to green coffee.
(Does not apply), it means that it was not possible to determine it because one of Likewise, in the case of rice and cow and goat milk, a conversion factor was applied
the comparison periods didn’t register any data. Likewise, readers are cautioned that to the internal production for its adequate comparison with the volumes of exported
the calculation of the percentage variations and rates was carried out with all of the and imported goods according to the characteristics that are indicated in each tariff
decimal digits, which is why they may not match those that result from using the code. In order to standardize the production component with those of foreign trade,
value presented in the tables and graphs. the volume of pumpkins was integrated into zucchini.
In the case of the table with production volume disaggregated by state, when one For green alfalfa, cottonseed, fodder oats, sugarcane, safflower, barley grain, gerbera,
of them presents 0 value and a variation of –100, it means that during the previous fodder maize, rose, fodder sorghum, grain sorghum and industrial grape there is
comparison period it did register production volume. no information for the annual per capita consumption because they are considered
products for animal feeding, for industrial use or ornamental products.
For the loss indicator, the abbreviation “NA” (Not Applicable) is written down for the
perennial crops, because the damages to this kind of crops do not result in total Foreign trade
loss, with the only consequence being a reduction in yields. The SIAP only provides a The data corresponding to the table that presents the volume and value of imports
value for this concept when the plantations were completely lost. and exports, as well as the information on the map, have the administrative registries
of the customs petitions of the commercial operations under the definite regime of
World ranking the General Administration of Customs of the SAT as a source, with the exception
Mexico’s production rankings at an international level were determined from 2017 of tequila and sugar, of which the information is based on data from the Ministry
statistics that the FAO integrates and distributes from the information generated by of Economy. The data for zucchini considers the flows of pumpkin, derived from
the countries, and in some cases, from their own estimations. For some products, it was the impossibility of identifying the volumes corresponding to each product in the
not possible to determine the ranking because countries do not report their volumes flows. Similarly, the commercial flows of coconut fruit were considered in copra,
or they are integrated with other products, without the possibility of identification. The based on the fact that the analysis carried out by the SIAP, determined a significant
products in this situation are: tequila agave, alfalfa, amaranth, fodder oats, gerbera, consignment of the operations of copra in the customs nomenclature of fruit trade.
fodder maize, nopal, rose, fodder sorghum, tomatillo, industrial grape and raisin. In the In the industrial grape data, this edition presents the aggregate commercial flows
case of blackberry, the rank was determined with the group “Bayas nep” reported by of juice, must and grape wine, replacing those of industrial grapes; derived from the
FAO, which integrates the figures for this fruit along with other berries. The production fact that in trade the registration of the denomination of the fruit as an industrial
ranking of fishery products was generated from the data available for 2017 that the input is not frequent, which jeopardized the statistical consistency of the series.
Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture of the FAO integrates and disseminates.
In the list that presents the main countries with which the commercial exchange is
It’s worth mentioning that the FAO disseminates guava and mango as one carried out for each product, these are presented in descending order according to
aggregated concept without the possibility of differentiation; for this reason, the the commercial value in each category of the flow.
world ranking of production for both products is the same. The aforementioned The reference to countries considered as a potential market for agricultural and
situation also applies to broccoli and cauliflower. livestock goods was determined with the trade statistics of the World Trade
206
Products and tariff codes
Organization. The potential condition was based on the following criteria: 1) the country consigned; although for the derivatives, conversion factors were applied to obtain a
does not register significant imports of agricultural, livestock and fishing products volume of liquid milk.
from Mexico between 2014 and 2018; 2) the country reports significant volumes of
imports; 3) the country is found among the first ranks for acquired volume or; 4) the In the case of guava, tomato, mango, tomatillo and bream or tilapia, special tariff
country makes regular imports. In the trade data of the world agency, statistics for codes were created since the second quarter of 2012. In previous periods they were
the following products are not available: fodder oats, cauliflower, raspberry, gerbera, integrated into codes that also grouped other products, which is why a process was
guava, fodder maize, nopal, rose, fodder sorghum, tequila, tomatillo and blackberry. carried out to identify the flows corresponding to each good for the periods prior to
the indicated date.
The customs naming conventions (tariff codes) to classify goods and products that
integrate foreign trade flows from Mexico represent a technical difficulty in the For coffee cherry, the foreign trade indicators show the volume of golden or green
integration of statistical series for some generic products; among the main causes coffee, and in the case of cottonseed, data corresponds to the cottonseed destined
are the grouping of diverse agricultural, livestock and fishing products in one single for the production of oil or animal feed. In global foreign trade statistics, as well
code, and the non-correspondence between the description of the product in the as in the statistics of the national administration registry, goods in these different
code and the description of the object of study. Among the agricultural products modalities are registered together. Paste is not included in the foreign trade flows of
considered in the Agri-Food Overview, amaranth, fodder oats, raspberries, broccoli, poultry meat.
zucchini, peach, goat milk, fodder maize, nopal, pear, fodder sorghum and blackberry
have no tariff code for direct identification because the transactions of these goods The products and tariff codes table shows the tariff codes that were considered to
are covered by generic codes. In order to obtain numbers that come close to the integrate the numbers for Mexican foreign trade flows are shown It is noted that the
magnitude of the trade flows of these goods, an identification of the transactions name of the product corresponds to a designation by the SIAP adopted in order to
of the specific good was carried out. In particular, for goat milk, the SIAP integrated facilitate the interpretation of the goods consigned in each fraction. This is due to
the series from those operations in which fluid milk and cheese or curd base are the fact that the Mexican tariff codes sometimes do not indicate the product directly.

Product Tariff code Description
Sugar 1701.11.01 Sugar with sucrose with a polarization between 99.4 ° and 99.5 °
1701.11.02 Sugar with sucrose with a polarization between 96 ° and 99.4 °
1701.11.03 Sugar with sucrose with a polarization of less than 96 °
1701.14.01 Sugar with sucrose with a polarization between 99.4 ° and 99.5 °
1701.14.02 Sugar with sucrose with a polarization between 96 ° and 99.4 °
1701.14.04 Sugar with sucrose with a polarization of less than 99.2 °
1701.91.01 Sugar with added flavoring or coloring
1701.91.02 Sugar with sucrose with a polarization equal to or greater than 99.2 °
1701.91.03 Sugar with sucrose with a polarization of less than 99.2 °
1701.99.99 Other sugar and chemically pure sucrose
Avocado 0804.40.01 Avocado
Sesame 1207.40.01 Sesame seed
Green alfalfa 1214.90.01 Alfalfa
Cottonseed 1207.20.99 Other cotton seed
1207.29.99 Other cotton seed
Amaranth 1008.90.99 Other cereals others
Blueberry 0810.40.01 Fresh cranberry or blueberry
Paddy rice 1006.10.01 Rice with husk
207
Paddy rice (cont.) 1006.20.01 Husked rice

1006.30.01 Long-grain rice
1006.30.99 Diverse rice (milled or semi-milled)
1006.40.01 Broken rice
Fodder oats 1004.00.99 Other oats
1004.90.99 Other oats
1214.90.99 Diverse fodders
Oat grain 1004.00.99 Other oats
1004.90.99 Other oats
1104.12.01 Rolled oats
1104.22.01 Steel-cut oats
Eggplant 0709.30.01 Eggplant
Broccoli 0704.10.01 Cut cauliflower and broccoli
0704.10.02 Broccoli sprouts
0704.10.99 Diverse cauliflowers and broccoli
0704.20.01 Brussels sprouts
0704.90.01 Kohlrabi, kale and similar
0704.90.99 Diverse kohlrabi
0710.80.03 Cut, cooked or frozen brussels sprouts
0710.80.04 Cooked or frozen asparagus, broccoli and cauliflower
Cacao 1801.00.01 Raw or roasted cocoa beans
1802.00.01 Cocoa shell, husks and waste
Green coffee 0901.11.01 Not roasted, not decaffeinated coffee, robust variety
0901.11.99 Diverse coffee, not roasted, not decaffeinated
0901.12.01 Decaffeinated, unroasted coffee
Zucchini 0709.90.99 Various vegetables
0709.93.01 Pumpkin and zucchini
0709.99.99 Various fresh or refrigerated vegetables
Safflower 1207.60.02 Safflower seed 1st period of operation
1207.60.03 Safflower seed 2nd period of operation
1207.99.06 Safflower seed 1st period of operation
1207.99.07 Safflower seed 2nd period of operation
Barley grain 1003.00.02 Barley grain
1003.00.99 Diverse barley
1003.90.01 Barley grain with husk
1003.90.99 Diverse barley
Onion 0703.10.01 Fresh or refrigerated onion
0703.10.99 Fresh or refrigerated onion or shallot
0710.80.01 Frozen cooked onion
0711.90.01 Onion preserves
0712.20.01 Chopped onion
Green chili 0709.60.01 Bell pepper
0709.60.99 Diverse fresh chilis
208
Green Chili (cont.) 0904.20.01 Dry ancho or Anaheim (California) chili

0904.20.99 Dried, crushed and powdered chili
0904.21.01 Dry ancho or Anaheim (California) chili
0904.21.99 Miscellaneous dry chili
0904.22.01 Powdered dry ancho or Anaheim (California) chilis
0904.22.99 Dried chili powder
Cauliflower 0704.10.01 Cut cauliflower and broccoli
0704.10.02 Broccoli sprouts
0704.10.99 Diverse cauliflowers and broccolies
0704.20.01 Brussels sprouts
0704.90.01 Kohlrabi, kale and the like
0704.90.99 Diverse kohlrabi
0710.80.03 Cut, cooked or frozen brussels sprouts
0710.80.04 Cooked, frozen asparagus, broccoli and cauliflower
Copra 0801.11.01 Dried coconut
0801.12.01 Coconut with endocarp
0801.19.99 Fresh coconut
1203.00.01 Copra
Peach 0809.30.01 Fresh peach and nectarine
0809.30.02 Fresh peach
0813.40.03 Dried peach
Asparagus 0709.20.01 Fresh or refrigerated white asparagus
0709.20.99 Various fresh or refrigerated asparagus
0710.80.04 Cooked, frozen asparagus, broccoli and cauliflower
Raspberry 0810.20.01 Fresh raspberry, blackberry, blueberry and mulberry
0811.20.01 Frozen raspberry, blackberry, blueberry and blackcurrant
Strawberry 0810.10.01 Fresh strawberry
0811.10.01 Frozen strawberry
Bean 0713.31.01 Dried husked beans (Vigna mungo and radiata)
0713.32.01 Dried husked beans (Phaseolus or Vigna angularis)
0713.33.01 Dried husked beans for planting (Phaseolus vulgaris)
0713.33.02 Dried husked white bean
0713.33.03 Dried husked black bean
0713.33.99 Dried husked common bean
0713.39.99 Diverse dried husked beans
0713.34.01 Dried husked black bean
0713.35.01 Dried husked cowpea or wild bean
Chickpea 0713.20.01 Dried chickpea
Gerbera 0603.19.04 Gerbera
0603.10.09 Gerbera
Guava 0804.50.02 Guava
0804.50.01 Guava, mango and mangosteen
Tomato 0702.00.01 Fresh or refrigerated cherry tomato
209
Tomato (cont.) 0702.00.99 Diverse fresh or refrigerated tomatoes

Lettuce 0705.11.01 Cabbage lettuce
0705.19.99 Diverse lettuce
0705.21.01 Witloof chicory endive
0705.29.99 Diverse chicories
Lime 0805.50.01 Mexican lime
0805.50.99 Diverse limes
0805.50.02 Persian lime
Fodder maize 1005.90.99 Diverse maize
1214.90.99 Diverse fodders
Grain maize 1005.90.03 Yellow maize
1005.90.04 White maize
1005.90.99 Diverse maize
Mango 0804.50.03 Mango
0804.50.01 Guava, mango and mangosteen
Apple 0808.10.01 Fresh apple
0813.30.01 Dried apple
Cantaloupe 0807.19.01 Fresh cantaloupe
0807.19.99 Diverse fresh melons
Orange 0805.10.01 Orange
Nopal 0709.90.99 Diverse vegetables
0709.99.99 Diverse fresh or refrigerated vegetables
Nuts 0801.21.01 Brazil nut with husk
0801.22.01 Husked Brazil nuts
0801.31.01 Cashews with husk
0801.32.01 Husked cashews
0802.31.01 Chestnuts with husk
0802.32.01 Husked chestnuts
0802.60.01 Macadamia nuts
0802.61.01 Macadamia nuts with husk
0802.62.01 Husked macadamia nuts
0802.70.01 Cola nuts
0802.80.01 Areca nuts
Potato 0701.90.99 Fresh or refrigerated potatoes
0710.10.01 Frozen potatoes
Papaya 0807.20.01 Papaya
Cucumber 0707.00.01 Fresh or refrigerated cucumbers or pickles
Pear 0808.20.01 Fresh pear
0808.30.01 Fresh pear
0813.40.01 Dried pear
Pineapple 0804.30.01 Fresh pineapple
Banana 0803.00.01 Banana
0803.10.01 Banana for cooking
210
Banana (cont.) 0803.90.99 Diverse bananas

Rose 0602.40.01 Rose bushes
0602.40.99 Rose cuttings
0603.11.01 Rose flower
0603.10.06 Rose
Watermelon 0807.11.01 Watermelon
Fodder sorghum 1214.90.99 Diverse fodders
Grain sorghum 1007.00.01 Grain sorghum 2nd period of operation
1007.00.02 Grain sorghum 1st period of operation
1007.90.01 Grain sorghum 2nd period of operation
1007.90.02 Grain sorghum 1st period of operation
Soy 1201.00.02 Soybean 1st period of operation
1201.00.03 Soybean 2nd period of operation
1201.90.01 Soybean 1st period of operation
1201.90.02 Soybean 2nd period of operation
Tobacco 2401.10.01 Branch tobacco without de-veining for wrapping
2401.10.99 Diverse branch tobacco without de-veining
2401.20.01 De-veined Blonde, Burley or Virginia branch tobacco
Tequila 2208.90.03 Tequila
Tomatillo 0702.00.02 Tomatillo
0702.00.01 Fresh or refrigerated cherry tomato
0702.00.99 Diverse fresh or refrigerated tomatoes
Grapefruit 0805.40.01 Grapefruit and shaddock
Grain wheat 1001.10.01 Durum wheat
1001.90.01 Common wheat, operation from March to September
1001.90.02 Common wheat, operation from October to February
1001.90.99 Diverse wheat and meslin
1001.19.99 Diverse durum wheat
1001.99.01 Common wheat
1001.99.99 Diverse common wheat
Table grape 0806.10.01 Fresh grapes
Juice, must and 2009.61.01 Grape juice with a brix value of less than or equal to 30
wine 2009.69.99 Grape juice, others
2009.89.99 Juice from other fruits and vegetables
2204.10.01 Champagne sparkling grape wine
2204.10.99 Other sparkling grape wine
2204.21.01 Fortified grape wine > 14% Alc
2204.21.02 Red, rosé, claret or white grape wine > 14% Alc
2204.21.03 Fine grape wine
2204.21.99 Grape wine, others
2204.30.99 Grape must
2205.10.01 Vermouth grape wine in containers < 2l
211
Juice, must and wine 2205.10.99 Grape wine others in containers < 2l
2205.90.01 Vermouth grape wine, others
2208.20.01 Grape brandy cognac
2208.20.02 Grape brandy or wainbrand
2208.20.03 Pure, distilled grape brandy in bulk
2208.20.99 Grape brandy, others
Raisins 0806.20.01 Dried grapes
Blackberry 0810.20.01 Fresh raspberry, blackberry, blueberry and mulberry
0811.20.01 Frozen raspberry, blackberry, blueberry and blackcurrant
Poultry in carcass 0207.11.01 Non-sliced fresh or refrigerated bird, cock or hen meat
0207.12.01 Non-sliced frozen bird, cock or hen meat
0207.13.03 Fresh or refrigerated bird, cock or hen meat: legs and thighs
0207.13.99 Fresh or refrigerated bird, cock or hen meat: other cuts
0207.14.04 Frozen bird, cock or hen meat: legs and thighs
0207.14.99 Frozen bird, cock or hen meat: other cuts
Beef in carcass 0201.10.01 Beef in carcasses or half carcasses
0201.20.99 In-bone beef cuts
0201.30.01 De-boned beef
0202.10.01 Frozen beef in carcass
0202.20.99 Frozen in-bone beef cuts
0202.30.01 Frozen de-boned beef
Goat in carcass 0204.50.01 Fresh, refrigerated or frozen goat meat
Mutton in carcass 0204.10.01 Fresh or refrigerated lamb meat in carcasses or half carcasses
0204.21.01 Fresh or refrigerated sheep meat in carcasses or half carcasses
0204.22.99 Fresh or refrigerated in-bone sheep meat, other cuts (chunks)
0204.23.01 Fresh or refrigerated de-boned sheep meat
0204.30.01 Frozen lamb meat in carcasses or half carcasses
0204.41.01 Frozen sheep meat in carcasses or half carcasses
0204.42.99 Frozen in-bone sheep meat, other cuts (chunks)
0204.43.01 Frozen de-boned sheep meat
Pork in carcass 0203.11.01 Pork in carcass
0203.12.01 In-bone pork leg, shoulder and their pieces
0203.19.99 Diverse fresh or refrigerated pork
0203.21.01 Frozen pork in carcass
0203.22.01 Frozen, de-boned pork leg, shoulder and their pieces
0203.29.99 Diverse frozen pork
0210.11.01 In-bone pork ham, shoulder and their pieces
Table egg 0407.00.01 Fresh bird eggs in shell
0407.00.02 Frozen bird eggs in shell
0407.00.99 Diverse bird eggs in shell
0407.21.01 Fresh bird eggs for human consumption
0407.29.01 Fresh bird eggs for human consumption
212
Table egg (cont.) 0407.90.01 Frozen bird eggs

0407.21.99 Diverse fresh bird eggs
0408.11.01 Dried bird egg yolks
0408.19.99 Fresh bird egg yolks
0408.91.01 Powdered bird eggs
0408.91.99 Cooked and preserved bird eggs
Bovine milk 0401.10.01 Milk and cream with 1% fat or less in airtight packaging
0401.10.99 Diverse milk and cream with 1% fat or less
0401.20.01 Milk and cream with more than 1% and up to 6% fat in airtight packaging
0401.20.99 Diverse milk and cream with more than 1% and up to 6% fat
0401.30.01 Milk and cream with more than 6% fat in airtight packaging
0401.30.99 Milk and cream with more than 6% fat
0401.40.99 Diverse milk and cream with more than 6% fat
0401.50.99 Diverse milk and cream with more than 10% fat
0402.10.01 Powdered milk or in tablets, not exceeding 1.5%
0402.10.99 Milk in other solid forms, not exceeding 1.5%
0402.21.01 Milk powder or in tablets exceeding 1.5%, unsweetened
0402.21.99 Milk in another solid form exceeding 1.5%, unsweetened
0402.29.99 Milk in another solid form exceeding 1.5%, with additives
0402.91.01 Evaporated milk with no additives
0402.91.99 Diverse milk with no additives
0402.99.01 Condensed milk
0402.99.99 Diverse concentrated milk with sugar or other sweeteners
0404.10.01 Whey powder, with 12.5% protein or less
0404.10.99 Diverse whey concentrates with sugar or sweeteners
0404.90.99 Miscellaneous wheys
Goat milk 0403.90.99 Whey, milk, cream, curd, yogurt or kefir with sugar or other sweeteners
0406.10.01 Fresh cheese (unripe), including whey cheese, and cottage cheese
Honey 0409.00.01 Natural honey
Tuna 0302.31.01 Albacore or white tuna
0302.32.01 Yellowfin tuna
0302.33.01 Stripped tuna or skipjack tuna
0302.34.01 Bigeye tuna
0302.35.01 Common or blue-fin tuna
0302.36.01 Southern tuna
0302.39.99 Diverse tuna
0303.41.01 Frozen white tuna
0303.42.01 Frozen yellowfin tuna
0303.43.01 Frozen stripped tuna or skipjack tuna
0303.44.01 Frozen bigeye tuna
0303.45.01 Frozen bluefin tuna
213
Tuna (cont.) 0303.46.01 Frozen southern Tuna

0303.49.99 Diverse frozen tuna
0304.87.01 Frozen tuna fillets (Thunnus genus)
1604.14.01 Prepared tuna of the Thunnus genus
1604.14.02 Prepared tuna fillets of the Thunnus genus
1604.14.03 Prepared tuna fillets of the Euthynnus genus, katsowonus pelamis
variety
1604.14.04 Prepared tuna fillets of the yellowfin, skipjack and bigeye genuses
1604.14.99 Other forms of prepared tuna
1604.19.01 Prepared tuna fillets of diverse Euthynnus varieties
1604.19.02 Prepared tuna fillets of diverse Euthynnus varieties
1604.19.99 Prepared tuna fillets of diverse genuses
1604.20.02 Preserved tuna of the Euthynnus genus
Shrimp 0306.13.01 Frozen shrimp
0306.23.99 Shrimps, prawns and other natantia decapods
0306.16.01 Frozen cold water shrimp
0306.17.01 Diverse frozen shrimp
0306.26.99 Cold water shrimp and prawns
0306.27.99 Diverse shrimp and prawns
1605.20.01 Prepared shrimp, prawns and other natantia decapods
1605.21.01 Prepared shrimps and prawns in non-airtight containers
1605.29.99 Diverse prepared shrimp and prawns
Lobster 0306.11.01 Frozen lobster
0306.21.01 Non-frozen lobster
Bream 0302.71.01 Fresh or refrigerated tilapia
0303.23.01 Frozen tilapia
0304.31.01 Fresh or refrigerated tilapia fillets
0304.51.01 Dried or smoked tilapia
0304.61.01 Frozen tilapia fillets
0304.93.01 Diverse frozen tilapia
0305.31.01 Dried tilapia fillets
0305.44.01 Smoked tilapia fillets
0305.64.01 Brined tilapia
Octopus 0307.51.01 Live, fresh or refrigerated octopus
0307.59.99 Fresh or refrigerated octopus
1605.55.01 Prepared octopus
Sardine 0302.61.01 Fresh or refrigerated sardines
0303.71.01 Frozen sardines
0302.43.01 Fresh or refrigerated sardines
0303.53.01 Frozen sardines
1604.13.01 Prepared sardines, whole or in pieces
1604.20.01 Pickled sardines
214
Collaborators
Patricia Ornelas Ruiz

SENIOR DIRECTOR
José Alejandro Díaz Rodríguez

DIRECTOR OF INTEGRATION, PROCESSING AND VALIDATION
Elia Guerrero Peña

DIRECTOR OF GEOSPATIAL SOLUTIONS
Jorge Gustavo Tenorio Sandoval

DIRECTOR OF STRATEGIC ANALYSIS
Laura Cecilia Saavedra Granja

DIRECTOR OF DISSEMINATION
Andrés Isaac Ruiz Arias

DIRECTOR OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
Ana Marcela García Fenech

DIRECTOR OF ADMINISTRATIVE EFFICIENCY
Fernando Romero Calderón

HEAD OF THE LEGAL AFFAIRS UNIT
Special thanks to: the SIAP team and SNIDRUS technicians, for
their support in the creation of this document.
SIAP
FSO
ER OVD,
I CA
I OG D
R IECIU
NLT
F OURRMEAA
CNI ÓDNF I S H I N G
M I N I S T R Y O F A G R I C U LT U R E A N D R U R A L D E V E L O P M E N T IAGROALIMENTARIA
N F O R M AT I O N S E R V I C E
Y PESQUERA
2019
FOOD & AGRICULTURAL
OVE RVI EW
gob.mx/siap
siap.sader @siap_mx siap_mx siapoficial

FOOD , A GRICUL T URA L
MINIS TR Y O F AG R IC U LTU R E AN D R U R AL DEVELO PMEN T A ND FISHE RIE S
INFORM A T ION SE RVICE

Agricultural Atlas 2019

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2019

FOOD & AGRICULTURAL

A PRODUCTIVE, INCLUSIVE AND

Food and Agricultural Overview 2019

Printed and made in Mexico

Spanish version available in digital format and in print.

Víctor Manuel Villalobos Arámbula Raúl Elenes Angulo

Miguel García Winder Patricia Ornelas Ruiz

Ramón Osuna Quevedo Javier Delgado Mendoza

Apple 104 2020: The International Year of Plant Health 158

Cantaloupe 108 Poultry meat in carcass 162

Orange 110 When the chick outweighs the rooster! 164

Jackfruit: fruit hugs 113 Beef in carcass 166

Nopal 114 Goat meat in carcass 168

Nuts 116 Mutton meat in carcass 170

Potato 118 Pork in carcass 172

Papaya 120 Table egg 174

Cucumber 122 Free range chicken 176

Pear 124 Bovine milk 178

Pineapple 126 Goat milk 180

Banana 128 Honey 182

Rose 130 Not everything is sweet in the beehive 184

Fodder sorghum 134 Tuna 188

Tobacco 140 Shrimp 192

Tomatillo 142 Lobster 194

Grapefruit 144 Bream 196

Grain wheat 146 Octopus 198

Mezcal: a gift from goddess Mayahuel 148 Sardine 200

Agri-food products with designation of origin 149 Acronyms 202

Table grape 150 Glossary 203

Industrial grape 152 General information sources 205

Raisins 154 Methodological notes 206

Products and tariff codes 207

Paying the social debt to this important sector requires a transformation as

How do we make this possible?

On land and sea From space

Specialized personnel proﬁle Synergy of the SIAP with other bodies*

* Representative sample of the bodies with which an agreement exists.

1. Collection 2. Analysis 3. Data obtained 4. Coverage

Who ﬁnds this How is the information provided

• Producers • SIAP website (www.gob.mx/siap)

and other seafood

11th in global agricultural

Source: CONAGUA, CONAPESCA, CONAPO, FAO, INEGI, SCT and SIAP.

Complete secondary 28.7%

Activities: Complete primary 28.9%

Agricultural Incomplete primary 31.4%

Of all rural women:

ª It includes logging; hunting; and capture and services related

Extra-labor activities of women who work in the

An average monthly income They take care of

Land use changes

Area being prepared The increase is equivalent to almost 10 times more

The agricultural frontier National series 15

deforestation of territories in a given moment. National agricultural

To date, three national

MAIN AGRICULTURAL MARKETS OF MEXICO, 2018

4th CANADA 10th UNITED KINGDOM

1,582 MAIN EXPORTED AGRI-FOOD PRODUCTS, 2018

552 547 538

469 431 421

398 373 370

COMMERCIAL INDICATORS OF THE MAIN FOOD PRODUCTS EXPORTED, 2018

Autumn Winter Spring Summer Autumn Winter