ABACUS

IN THE 2ND CENTURY BCE, IT WAS INTRODUCED AS THE FIRST COUNTING

DEVICE. THE ROMAN EMPIRE IS SAID TO HAVE BRINGED THE ABACUS TO CHINA
FOR THE FIRST TIME. THE EVIDENCE OF ROMAN AND CHINESE TRADE
RELATIONSHIPS THROUGH THE SILK ROAD
IT IS THOUGHT TO BE THE FIRST DEVICE TO PROCESS DATA. ADDITIONALLY,
THE DEVICE IS SIMILAR TO THE MODERN CALCULATOR DUE TO THE FACT THAT
IT IS MANUALLY OPERATED AND USED FOR COUNTING AND CALCULATING.

PASCALINE OR ARITHMETIC MACHINE

IN COLLABORATION WITH WILHELM SCHICKARD, THE FAMOUS
MATHEMATICIAN AND INVENTOR BLAISE PASCAL CREATED IT. IT WAS ALSO
THE FIRST MECHANICAL CALCULATOR OR ADDING MACHINE TO ADD AND
SUBTRACT NUMBERS BY CONTROLLING ITS SELECTORS, DEVELOPED BETWEEN
1642 AND 1644. THIS INVENTION INSPIRES OTHER INVENTORS TO CREATE
AUTOMATED COUNTING CALCULATIONS.

ANALYTICAL ENGINE
IT WAS INSPIRED BY BLAISE PASCAL’S PASCALINE AND INVENTED BY A
MATHEMATICIAN OR THE “FATER OF THE COMPUTERS” CHARLES BABBAGE IN
1837. IT CONTAINED FEATURES SUCH AS THE ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT,
CONTROL FLOW (COMPOSED OF CONDITIONAL BRANCHING AND LOOPS), AND
INTEGRATED MEMORY. THOSE FEATURES BECOME PART OF THE CREATION OF
COMPUTER DESIGN IN THE ELECTRONIC ERA, ESPECIALLY DURING THE FIRST
HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY.
TABULATING MACHINE
HERMAN HOLLERITH INVENTED THE ELECTROMECHANICAL MACHINE
BETWEEN THE MID-1880S AND 1900. THIS MACHINE'S PURPOSE IS TO SUMMARIZE
THE DATA RECORDED ON PUNCH CARDS. THE PURPOSE OF ITS DESIGN IS TO
PROCESS THE DATA FROM THE 1890 CENSUS IN THE UNITED STATES. HOWEVER,
IT EXPANDED FROM CENSUS STATISTICAL WORK TO COMMERCIAL
APPLICATIONS SUCH AS ACCOUNTANCY AND OTHER PROFESSIONAL FIELDS.
Z3
KONRAD ZUSE DESIGNED THE FIRST DIGITAL, PROGRAMMABLE FULLY
AUTOMATIC ELECTROMECHANICAL COMPUTER IN 1935 AND COMPLETED IN
1941. IN ADDITION, IT WAS USED FOR STATISTICAL ANALYSIS.
THE ENIAC
JOHN MAUCHLY AND J. PRESPER ECKERT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF
PENNSYLVANIA IN THE UNITED STATES DEVELOPED THE ENIAC (ELECTRONIC
NUMERICAL INTEGRATOR AND COMPUTER). IT WAS THE FIRST ELECTRONIC
AND GENERAL-PURPOSE COMPUTER, BUILT IN 1945 AND OPERATED FOR
PRACTICAL PURPOSES FOR THE FIRST TIME ON DECEMBER 10, 1945.
THE MICROPROCESSOR GENERATION (IC)
JACK KILBY IS AN AMERICAN ELECTRICAL ENGINEER, INTRODUCED THE
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (IC) IN 1958. IT IS COMPOSED OF TRANSISTORS AND
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS AND COMPRESSED IN A SINGLE PACKAGE. IT
REVOLUTIONIZED COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONIC DEVICES DUE TO ITS
COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONALITY THAT RESULTS IN FASTER OPERATING
SPEED.
OLIVETTI PROGRAMMA 101
PIER GIORGIO PEROTTO AND HIS TEAM ORIGINALLY DESIGNED THE OLIVETTI
PROGRAMMA 101 IN ITALY AND BECAME THE FIRST COMMERCIAL PERSONAL
COMPUTER SOLD IN 1965.
IBM 5150
IT WAS DEVELOPED BY THE IBM ENTRY DIVISION TEAM AND LED BY DON
ESTRIDGE. IBM 5150, ALSO KNOWN AS IBM PC, WAS INTRODUCED IN BOCA
RATON, FLORIDA, IN AUGUST 1981.