IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM

For numbers 1-4.

A 50 kg mass is sitting on a frictionless surface. An unknown constant force pushes the

mass for 2 seconds until the mass reaches a velocity of 3 m/s.

1. What is the initial momentum of the mass?

Answer:
momentum = m⋅v
= (50 kg)⋅(0 m/s)
= 0 kg⋅m/s
2. What is the final momentum of the mass? After the force is finished acting on the
mass, the velocity is 3 m/s?
Answer:
momentum = m⋅v
= (50 kg)⋅(3 m/s)
= 150 kg⋅m/s
3. What was the force acting on the mass?
mv – mv0 = Ft
From parts 1 and 2, we know mv0 = 0 kg⋅m/s and mv = 150 kg⋅m/s.
150 kg⋅m/s – 0 kg⋅m/s = Ft
150 kg⋅m/s = Ft
Since the force was in effect over 2 seconds, t = 2 s.
150 kg⋅m/s = F ⋅ 2s
F = (15 kg⋅m/s) / 2 s
F = 75 kg⋅m/s2 or 75 N
4. What was the impulse acting on the mass?
Ft = 75 N ⋅ 2 s
Ft = 150 Ns or 150 kg⋅m/s

5. Applied force vs. time graph of object is given below. Find the impulse of the object
between 0-10s.

6. A 10-gram ball falls freely from a height, hits the floor at 15 m/s, then reflected
upward at 10 m/s. Determine the impulse.
I = m vt – m vo = m (vt – vo)
Impulse :
I = 0.01 (10 – (-15)) = 0.01 (10 + 15)
I = 0.01 (25)
I = 0.25 kg m/s
7. The density of the interstellar medium is about one hydrogen atom per cubic
centimeter. Imagine a 1000 ton, 4 by 6meter, classroom-sized interstellar spacecraft
traveling at 60,000 km/s on its way to Proxima Centauri (the nearest solar system to our
own) 4.243 light years away.

a. Determine the momentum of our spacecraft

b. From the definition of momentum…

c. p = mv

d. momentum is mass times velocity.

Answer:

p = (1000 tonnes)(60,000 km/s)

p = 6.00 × 1013 kg m/s

8. An object travels with a velocity 4m/s to the east. Then, its direction of motion and
magnitude of velocity are changed. Picture given below shows the directions and
magnitudes of velocities. Find the impulse given to this object.
9. A 200-gram ball thrown horizontally with a speed of 4 m/s, then the ball was hit in the
same direction. The duration of the ball in contact with the bat is 2 millisecondsand the
ball speed after leaving the bat is 12 m/s. The magnitudeof force exerted by the batter
on the ball is …

I=Ft

m vt – m vo = m (vt – vo)

I = Δp

F t = m (vt – vo)

F (0.002) = (0.2)(12 – 4)

F (0.002) = (0.2)(8)

F (0.002) = 1.6

F = 1.6 / 0.002

F = 800 N

10. A ball having mass 500g hits wall with a10m/s velocity. Wall applies 4000 N force to
the ball, and it turns back with 8m/s velocity. Find the time of ball-wall contact.

F.Δt=ΔP=m.ΔV=m.(V2-V1)

-4000.Δt=0,5kg.(8-10)

Δt=0,00025s