Hi, I am Jared, welcome to Fun Science Demos.

The big idea today is that heat

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moves matter. Heat moves matter in this lamp
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and heat moves matter in our earth.
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So let us take a look at this lamp and see heat move matter.
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You cannot see it, but there is a light bulb here
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and it is hot. It gives off lots of heat and that heat
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heats up this purple wax- you can see it, whoo!- and causes it to rise to the top. When
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that wax gets hot
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it rises to the top. And you can see some of the wax
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dropping down. Why? Well, as the heated wax moves to the top
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it just hangs out there and it is cooling off. And when it cools off
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it drops, it drops back down. And when it drops back down it gets heated back up
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and moves up.
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And it cools off and moves down and it gets heated up and it moves up and it
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cools off and it moves down. It is this cycle,
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it is happening in the lamp. And guess what?
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the same thing happens in our earth. So let us take a look at this diagram
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and see how the earth works. Through science we have discovered that the middle of
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the earth is really, really hot.
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We have also discovered that the outside of the earth has this crust
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and the moving matter inside the earth can actually move the crust.
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As it is heated up it rises up to the crust,
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it cools off and comes back down just like this lamp; the wax in this lamp.
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It is happening inside of our earth. The heat from the middle of the earth is
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causing all this matter to move
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and that makes the crust move. So let us take a look at that crust
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and the outside of the earth. These are continents.
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That us where we live. The blue is the ocean.
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Oceans and continents actually sit on top
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of the crust. But what are these lines? Through science we have discovered
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that the crust is actually broken into plates
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and those plates move. Heat
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moves matter. Let us try and show you how that works.
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We have a heat source here, we have a heat source here,
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we have a heat source here. Our heat source is the middle part of the earth.
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We need something to be the matter that that heat energy can move around.
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We have our milk and now we need something
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to be the crust. For that we are using
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chocolate powder. So here is our setup, we modeled it after our earth.
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We have our center hot part, there is the heat source down there
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making it hot. We have our crust which you can see on the top. It is
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smooth right now, something should happen as the matter
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which you cannot see-the milk-starts moving inside
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from the heat. Heat heats it up, rises,
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cools off and sinks. There is movement happening, you cannot see it-yet.
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Let us zoom in and take a closer look. So our timer is going, let us take a look at
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this setup and see what is going on here.
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Inside the pot we have our liquid matter,
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much like the earth and we are heating that liquid matter,
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much like the earth. And you can see that chocolate powder on top
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is our crust. It does not look like much is happening,
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but there is a lot going on underneath the crust, just like
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our earth. So we are going to zoom in and take a closer look.
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But what should you be looking for? Well, that liquid matter
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under the crust is moving. It does not look like
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anything is happening to the crust but as the liquid matter
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of the crust moves, the crust will start to move
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and you will actually see tiny cracks form. And those cracks will get bigger
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as the crust moves. So we are coming up on the 14 minutes and now we can see
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our crust starting to crack. Why is that happening? Well,
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that liquid matter, we heated it up and it is starting to move underneath the crust.
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And you can see that crust-they are called plates, scientists call those plates-
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and they are starting to move.
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Look at this one right here. Seeing it start to separate?
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Take a look at these plates as they move.
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Why are they moving? The liquid matter
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underneath is moving, too. Take a look
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right here and right here.
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Tiny cracks in the crust, they are going to-
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the plates are going to-start to move and you will see
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the cracks get bigger. Watch right here,
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watch it open up. Watch right here
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and right here. Ooh, there is one forming right here.
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Now we have a crack forming here. The crust is breaking iinto plates right
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before our eyes.
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Why is that happening? The liquid matter underneath the crust is moving. Now we
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can start to see it happen.
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You can see the plate movements.
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As that liquid matter heats up the crust, the plates move.
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Cracks are forming. We are at about 15 minutes in
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and now we can see our plates really forming up here
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beautifully. We want you to remember
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that our continents and oceans actually sit
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on these different plates.
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I am not putting them in the right order but that is all right,
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you get the picture. Each continent and ocean
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sits on different plates and you can see how the plates are separate
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by the cracks. What causes it? The moving matter
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underneath the crust. We cannot see it, but through this demonstration
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now we can. It is so easy to see the movement of the crust.
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Well, scientists call that movement of the earths crust
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plate tectonics. It is a big word but so many cool things happen because of that
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word.
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Because the crust moves and those plates move
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we have earthquakes, we have volcanoes
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and even, it forms new mountains. Science is so cool.
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Do not forget to check out our links in the video description.