CHEMICAL BONDING

SOME GENERAL DISCUSSIONS

 Electron(s) in the outermost shell(s) are responsible for chemical

bonding. They are also responsible for valency. They are known as
valence electrons.
 Most of the elements try to attain the stable electronic configuration like
that of their nearest inert gas elements.

From the last point we have to keep in mind for two

rules-
1. OCTATE RULE

2. DUPLET RULE

Atoms acquire the stable electronic configuration in two ways.

1. by complete transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another

(concept of ionic bonding)
2. by sharing of electrons (concept of co-valent and co-ordinate bond)

ELECTROVALENT OR IONIC BONDING

 Definition (from text book)
 Formation of NaCl , CaO , Mg3N2 , Al2O3 by the concept of ionic bond
𝒛 𝟏
 Define the relationship - ∝
𝒆 𝒓

Rationalize the following facts

Size of cation becomes less than that of atomic size of the

neutral atom.
The radious of the anion becomes greater than that of the
neutral atom.
Experimental observation

Neutral atom Radious (A0) Corresponding ion Radious (A0)

Na 1.54 Na+ 0.95
Mg 1.45 Mg2+ 0.65
Al 1.30 Al3+ 0.50
O 0.73 O2- 1.40
F 0.71 F- 1.36
Cl 0.99 Cl 1.81

Important characteristics of ionic compound

Melting and boiling points, electrical conductivity, solubility etc.

(explanation from text books)