This document discusses chemical bonding and ionic bonding. It explains that valence electrons are responsible for bonding and that atoms seek stable electronic configurations like inert gases. Atoms form bonds through ionic bonding by transferring electrons or covalent bonding by sharing electrons. Ionic bonding forms when metals transfer electrons to nonmetals to form ions, such as NaCl, CaO, and Mg3N2. The size of cations decreases compared to neutral atoms, while the size of anions increases. Experimental data shows the radii of ions like Na+, Mg2+, and Al3+ are smaller than their neutral atoms, while O2- and F- are larger. Ionic compounds have high melting points, boil points, conduct electricity when melted
This document discusses chemical bonding and ionic bonding. It explains that valence electrons are responsible for bonding and that atoms seek stable electronic configurations like inert gases. Atoms form bonds through ionic bonding by transferring electrons or covalent bonding by sharing electrons. Ionic bonding forms when metals transfer electrons to nonmetals to form ions, such as NaCl, CaO, and Mg3N2. The size of cations decreases compared to neutral atoms, while the size of anions increases. Experimental data shows the radii of ions like Na+, Mg2+, and Al3+ are smaller than their neutral atoms, while O2- and F- are larger. Ionic compounds have high melting points, boil points, conduct electricity when melted
This document discusses chemical bonding and ionic bonding. It explains that valence electrons are responsible for bonding and that atoms seek stable electronic configurations like inert gases. Atoms form bonds through ionic bonding by transferring electrons or covalent bonding by sharing electrons. Ionic bonding forms when metals transfer electrons to nonmetals to form ions, such as NaCl, CaO, and Mg3N2. The size of cations decreases compared to neutral atoms, while the size of anions increases. Experimental data shows the radii of ions like Na+, Mg2+, and Al3+ are smaller than their neutral atoms, while O2- and F- are larger. Ionic compounds have high melting points, boil points, conduct electricity when melted
Electron(s) in the outermost shell(s) are responsible for chemical
bonding. They are also responsible for valency. They are known as valence electrons. Most of the elements try to attain the stable electronic configuration like that of their nearest inert gas elements.
From the last point we have to keep in mind for two
rules- 1. OCTATE RULE
2. DUPLET RULE
Atoms acquire the stable electronic configuration in two ways.
1. by complete transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another
(concept of ionic bonding) 2. by sharing of electrons (concept of co-valent and co-ordinate bond)
ELECTROVALENT OR IONIC BONDING
Definition (from text book) Formation of NaCl , CaO , Mg3N2 , Al2O3 by the concept of ionic bond (from text books) 𝒛 𝟏 Define the relationship - ∝ 𝒆 𝒓
Rationalize the following facts
Size of cation becomes less than that of atomic size of the
neutral atom. The radious of the anion becomes greater than that of the neutral atom. Experimental observation
Neutral atom Radious (A0) Corresponding ion Radious (A0)
Na 1.54 Na+ 0.95 Mg 1.45 Mg2+ 0.65 Al 1.30 Al3+ 0.50 O 0.73 O2- 1.40 F 0.71 F- 1.36 Cl 0.99 Cl- 1.81
Important characteristics of ionic compound
Melting and boiling points, electrical conductivity, solubility etc.