Fluid Compatibility of Metals

A - Recommended
B - Minor to moderate effect. Proceed with caution C - Unsatisfacto

Fluid
https://www.phelpsgaskets.com/useful-resources/fluid-compatibility-of-metals
Carbon Cast Iron S302 or S316
Steel S304 Stainless
Stainless Steel
Steel
Acetaldehyde A A A A
Acetic Acid, Air Free C C B B
Acetic Acid, Aerated C C A A
Acetic Acid Vapors C C A A
Acetone A A A A
Acetylene A A A A
Alcohols A A A A
Aluminum Sulfate C C A A
Ammonia A A A A
Ammonium Chloride C C B B
Ammonium Nitrate A C A A
Ammonium Phosphate (Mono Basic) C C A A
Ammonium Sulfate C C B A
Ammonium Sulfite C C A A
Aniline C C A A
Asphalt A A A A
Beer B B A A
Benzene (Benzol) A A A A
Benzoic Acid C C A A
Boric Acid C C A A
Butane A A A A
Calcium Chloride (Alkaline) B B C B
Calcium Hypochlorite C C B B
Carbolic Acid B B A A
Carbon Dioxide, Dry A A A A
Carbon Dioxide, Wet C C A A
Carbon Disulfide A A A A
Carbon Tetrachloride B B B B
Carbonic Acid C C B B
Chlorine Gas, Dry A A B B
Chlorine Gas, Wet C C C C
Chlorine, Liquid C C C C
Chromic Acid C C C B
Citric Acid IL C B A
Coke Oven Gas A A A A
Copper Sulfate C C B B
Cottonseed Oil A A A A
Creosote A A A A
Ethane A A A A
Ether B B A A
Ethyl Chloride C C A A
Ethylene A A A A
Ethylene Glycol A A A A
Ferric Chloride C C C C
Formaldehyde B B A A
Formic Acid IL C B B
Freon, Wet B B B A
Freon, Dry B B A A
Furfural A A A A
Gasoline, Refine A A A A
Glucose A A A A
Hydrochloric Acid, Aerated C C C C
Hydrochloric Acid, Air free C C C C
Hydrofluoric Acid, Aerated B C C B
Hydrofluoric Acid, Air free A C C B
Hydrogen A A A A
Hydrogen Peroxide IL A A A
Hydrogen Sufide, Liquid C C A A
Magnesium Hydroxide A A A A
Mercury A A A A
Methanol A A A A
Methyl Ethyl Ketone A A A A
Milk C C A A
Natural Gas A A A A
Nitric Acid C C A B
OleicAcid C C A A
Oxalic Acid C C B B
Oxygen A A A A
Petroleum Oils, Refined A A A A
Phosphoric Acid, Aerated C C A A
Phosphoric Acid, Air Free C C A A
Phosphoric Acid Vapors C C A A
PicricAcid C C A A
Potassium Chloride B B B B
Potassium Hydroxide B B A A
Propane A A B A
Rosin B B A A
Silver Nitrate C C A A
Sodium Acetate A A C A
Sodium Carbonate A A A A
Sodium Chloride C C B B
Sodium Chromate A A A A
Sodium Hydroxide A A A A
Sodium Hypochloride C C C C
Sodium Thiosulfate C C A A
Stannous Chloride B B C A
Stearic Acid A C A A
Sulfate Liquor (Black) A A A A
Sulfur A A A A
Sulfur Dioxide, Dry A A A A
Sulfur Trioxide, Dry A A A A
Sufuric Acid (Aerated) C C C C
Sufuric Acid (Air Free) C C C C
Sulfurous Acid C C B B
Tar A A A A
Trichloroethylene B B B A
Turpentine B B A A
Vinegar C C A A
Water, Boiler Feed B C A A
Water, Distilled A A A A
Water, Sea B B B B
Whiskey and Wines C C A A
Zinc Chloride C C C C
Zinc Sulfate C C A A
tion C - Unsatisfactory IL- Information lacking
Material
Bronze Monel® Hastelloy® B Hastelloy® C Durimet® 20 Titanium Cobalt
Base
Alloy 6
A A IL A A IL IL
B B A A A A A
A A A A A A A
B B IL A B A A
A A A A A A A
IL A A A A IL A
A A A A A A A
B B A A A A IL
C A A A A A A
B B A A A A B
C C A A A A A
B B A A B A A
B A A A A A A
C C IL A A A A
C B A A A A A
A A A A A IL A
B A A A A A A
A A A A A A A
A A IL A A A IL
A A A A A A A
A A A A A IL A
C A A A A A IL
B B C A A A IL
A A A A A A A
A A A A A A A
B A A A A A A
C B A A A A A
A A B A A A IL
B A A A A IL IL
B A A A A C B
C C C B C A B
B C C A B C B
C A C A C A B
A B A A A A IL
B B A A A A A
B C IL A A A IL
A A A A A A A
C A A A A IL A
A A A A A A A
A A A A A A A
A A A A A A A
A A A A A A A
A A IL IL A IL A
C C C B C A B
A A A A A A A
A A A A A C B
A A A A A A A
A A A A A A A
A A A A A A A
A A A A A A A
A A A A A A A
C C A B C C B
C C A B C C B
C C A A B C B
C A A A B C IL
A A A A A A A
C A B B A A IL
C C A A B A A
B A A A A A A
C B A A A A A
A A A A A A A
A A A A A IL A
A A A A A A A
A A A A A A A
C C C A A A C
B A A A A A A
B B A A A B B
A A A A A A A
A A A A A A A
C C A A A B A
C B A A A B A
C C A IL A B C
C C A A A IL IL
B B A A A A IL
B A A A A A IL
A A A A A A A
A A A A A IL A
C C A A A A B
A A A A A A A
A A A A A A A
A A A A A A A
A A A A A A A
C A A A A A A
B-C B-C C A B A IL
C C A A A A IL
C B A A A A IL
B B A A A A B
C A A A A A A
C A A A A A A
A A B A A A A
A A B A A A A
C C A A A B B
B B A A A B B
C C A A A A B
A A A A A A A
A A A A A A A
B B A A A A A
A A A A A IL A
A A A A A A A
A A A A A A A
A A A A A A A
B B A A A A A
C C A A A A B
A A A A A A A
S416 440C 17-4PH
Stainless Stainless Stainless
Steel Steel Steel
A A A
C C B
C C B
C C B
A A A
A A A
A A A
C C IL
A A IL
C C IL
C B IL
B B IL
C C IL
B B IL
C C IL
A A A
B B A
A A A
A A A
B B IL
A A A
C C IL
C C IL
IL IL IL
A A A
A A A
B B IL
C A IL
A A A
C C C
C C C
C C C
C C C
B B B
A A A
A A A
A A A
A A A
A A A
A A A
B B IL
A A A
A A A
C C IL
A A A
C C B
IL IL IL
IL IL IL
B B IL
A A A
A A A
C C C
C C C
C C C
C C IL
A A A
B B IL
C C IL
A A IL
A A B
A B A
A A A
C C C
A A A
C C B
A A IL
B B IL
A A A
A A A
C C IL
C C IL
C C IL
B B IL
C C IL
B B IL
A A A
A A A
B B IL
A A A
B B A
B B B
A A A
B B A
C C IL
B B IL
C C IL
B B IL
IL IL IL
A A A
B B IL
B B IL
C C C
C C C
C C IL
A A A
B B IL
A A A
C C A
B A A
B B IL
C C A
C C IL
C C IL
B B IL
Pressure Equivalents https://www.phelpsgaskets.com/useful-resources/conversion-chart
To Obtain 2 Pounds Per Square Inch Atmosphere
Kg/cm
Multiply Number Of
Kg per square cm 1 14,22 0,9678
Pounds per square inch 007 031 1 0,06804
Atmosphere 10 332 14,696 1
Bar 101 972 145,038 0,98692
Inches of Mercury 003 453 0,4912 0,03342
Kilopascals 00 101 972 0,145038 0,0098696
Inches of Water 0 002 538 0,0361 0,002456
Feet of Water 03 045 0,4332 0,02947
1 ounce per square inch = 0.0625 pounds per square inch
Volume Equivalents
To Obtain Cubic Cubic Inches Cubic Feet
Decimeters
Multiply Number Of (Liters)
Cubic Decimeters (Liters) 1 610,234 0,03531
Cubic Inches 0,01639 1 5,787 * 10-4

Cubic Feet 28 317 1728 1
U.S. Quart 094 636 57,75 0,03342
U.S. Gallon 378 543 231 0,13368
Imperial Gallon 454 374 277,274 0,16054
U.S. Barrel (Petroleum) 15 898 9702 56,146
Converting Volumes
of Gas
CFH to CFH or CFM to CFM
Multiply Flow of By To Obtain Flow of
Air 0,707 Butane
1,290 Natural Gas
Air
0,808 Propane
Butane 1,414 Air
1,826 Natural Gas
1,140 Propane
Natural Gas 0,775 Air
0,547 Butane
0,625 Propane
Propane 1,237 Air
0,874 Butane
1,598 Natural Gas
Length Equivalents
To Obtain Meters Inches Feet
Multiply Number Of
Meters 1 39,37 32,808
Inches 00 254 1 0,0833
Feet 03 048 12 1
Millimeters 0 001 0,03937 0,0032808
Miles 160 935 63 360 5 280
Kilometers 1000 39 ,370 3280,83
1 meter = 100 cm = 1000 mm = 0,001 km = 1,000 ,000 micrometers
Length Equivalents -
Fractional and
Decimal Inches to
Millimeters
Inches mm Inches
Fractions Decimals Fractions
0,00394 0,1
0,00787 0,2 15/64
0,01 0,254
0,01181 0,3
Jan-64 0,015625 0,3969 1-Apr

0,01575 0,4
0,01969 0,5 17/64
0,02 0,508
0,02362 0,6
0,02756 0,7
0,03 0,762 Sep-32
Jan-32 0,03125 0,7938
0,0315 0,8 19/64
0,13543 0,9
0,03937 1,0
0,04 1,016 May-16
Mar-64 0,046875 11,906
0,05 1,27
0,06 1,524 21/64
Jan-16 0,0625 15,875

0,07 1,778
May-64 0,078125 19,844 Nov-32
0,07874 2,0
0,08 2,032
0,09 2,286 23/64
Mar-32 0,09375 23,812
0,1 2,54
Jul-64 0,109375 27,781 3-Aug

0,11 2,794
0,11811 3,0
0,12 3,048 25/64
1-Aug 0,125 3,175
0,13 3,302
0,14 3,556 13/32
Sep-64 0,140625 35,719

0,15 3,810
May-32 0,15625 39,688 27/64
0,15748 4,0
0,16 4,064
0,17 4,318 Jul-16
Nov-64 0,171875 43,656
0,18 4,572
Mar-16 0,1875 47,625 29/64
0,19 4,826
0,19685 5,0 15/32
0,2 5,08
13/64 0,203125 51,594
0,21 5,334
Jul-32 0,21875 55,562 31/64
0,22 5,588
Note: Round off decimal points to provide no more than the desired degree of accuracy.
Diameter of Bolt
Circles
Nominal Pipe Size, Inches ASME CL125 ASME CL250 (Cast Iron OR ASME CL600
(Cast Iron) CL300 (Steel)(2)
ORCL1SO
(Steel)(1)
1 3,12 3,50 3,50

1/1/2004 3,50 3,88 3,88
1/1/2002 3,88 4,50 4,50
2 4,75 5,00 5,00
1/2/2002 5,50 5,88 5,88
3 6,00 6,62 6,62
4 7,50 7,88 8,50
5 8,50 9,25 10,50
6 39,50 10,62 11,50
8 11,75 13,00 13,75
10 14,25 15,25 17,00
12 17,00 17,75 19,25
14 18,75 20,25 20,75
16 21,25 22,50 23,75
18 22,75 24,75 25,75
20 25,00 27,00 28,50
24 29,50 32,00 33,00
30 36,00 39,25 -
36 42,75 46,00 -
42 49,50 52,75 -
48 56,00 60,75 -
1. Sizes 1 through 12-inches also apply to ASME Class 150 bronze flanges.
Equivalent Lengths of
Pipe Fittings and
Valves
Type of Fitting or Valve
1-Feb 3-Apr 1
Standard tee with entry or 3,4 4,5 5,5

discharge through side
Standard elbow or run<1> 1,7 2,2 2,7
of tee reduced 112121
Medium sweep elbow or 1,3 1,8 2,3

run<1> of tee reduced
1/4(21
Long sweep elbow or 1 1,3 1,7
run(1J of standard tee or
butterfly valve
45’ elbow 0,8 1,0 1,2
Close return bend 3,7 5,1 6,2
Globe valve, wide-open 0,6 22 27
Angle valve, wide-open 8,2 11 14
Swing check valve, wide- 4,0 5,2 6,6
open
Gate valve, zwide-open, or 0,4 0,5 0,6
slight bushing reduction
American Pipe Flange
Dimensions
ASME Class Flange Diameter-inches, Per ASME B16.1, B16.5, and B16.
Nominal Pipe Size 125 (Cast 250 (Cast Iron) 600
Iron)
or 150 (Steel) or 300 (Steel)(2)
(1)
1 4,25 4,88 4,88
1/1/2004 4,62 5,25 5,25
1/1/2002 5,00 6,12 6,12
2 6,00 6,50 6,50
1/2/2002 7,00 7,50 7,50
3 7,50 8,25 8,25
4 9,00 10,00 10,75
5 10,00 11,00 13,00
6 11,00 12,50 14,00
8 13,50 15,00 16,50
10 16,00 17,50 20,00
12 19,00 20,50 22,00
14 21,00 23,00 23,75
16 23,50 25,50 27,00
18 25,00 28,00 29,25
20 27,50 30,50 32,00
24 32,00 36,00 37,00
30 38,75 43,00 -
36 46,00 50,00 -
42 53,00 57,00 -
48 59,50 65,00 -
1. Sizes 1 through 12-inch also apply to ASME Class 150 bronze flanges.
American Pipe Flange
Dimensions
ASME Class, Number of Stud Bolts
Nominal Pipe Size 125 (Cast Iron) 250 (Cast Iron)
or 150 (Steel)(1) or 300 (Steel)(2)
No. Ø No.
1 4 0,50 4
1/1/2004 4 0,50 4
1/1/2002 4 0,50 4
2 4 0,62 8
1/2/2002 4 0,62 8
3 4 0,62 8
4 8 0,62 8
5 8 0,75 8
6 8 0,75 12
8 8 0,75 12
10 12 0,88 16
12 12 0,88 16
14 12 1,00 20
16 16 1,00 20
18 16 1,12 24
20 20 1,12 24
24 20 1,25 24
30 28 1,25 28
36 32 1,50 32
42 36 1,50 36
48 44 1,50 40
Flange, Valve Size,

and Pressure-
Temperature Rating
Designations
Sizes of ASME flanges

are designated as NPS
(for “nominal pipe
size”). The nominal size
is based on inches, but
the units are not
required in the
designation. For
example: NPS 2 is the
size. Pressure ratings
are designated by class.
For example, CL150 is
the rating. ASME
designations replace
ANSI designations.
Sizes of EN and ISO
flanges are designated
with DN (for “nominal
diameter”). The
nominal diameter is
based on millimeters,
but the units are not
included in the
designation. For
example: DN 50 is the
size. Pressure ratings
are designated by PN
(for “nominal
pressure”). For example
PN 40 is the pressure
rating. EN and ISO
designations replace
DIN designations
through PN 100.
ASME B 16.5 flanges will

mate with EN 1759
flanges but not with EN
1092 flanges (formerly
DIN flanges). ASME
B16.5 flanges will mate
with most ISO 7005
flanges.
Common size
designations in wide
use are shown in the
table below.
A summary of flange
terminology is shown in
the table below, and
equivalency of flanges
is shown in the table on
the following page.
Pipe Thread Standards
There are three pipe
thread standards that
are accepted globally:
NPT, ASME B 1.20.1:

General-purpose
pipe threads (inches).
G Series, ISO 228-1:

Pipe threads for use
where pressure-tight
joints are not made
on the threads. The
internal and external
threads are not
tapered but are
parallel or straight.
R Series, ISO 7/1:

Pipe threads for use
where pressure-tight
joints are made on
the threads. The
internal thread is
parallel (straight) or
tapered; external is
always tapered.
Notes
Japanese (JIS) valves
and flanges are
designated according to
JIS standards.
European Norm flange

types, such as flat-face
and raised-face are
designated Type A,
Type B, Type C. These
types do not
correspond to the DIN
2526 Form A, Form D,
etc., designations.
NPS 1-Feb 3-Apr 1
DN 15 20 25
Summary of Flange
Terminology
ASME European Norm Example of
Printed
Presentation
Pressure Rating CLASS PN CL300 or

CL300, PN 40
Size NPS DN NPS 2, DN 50
Pipe Threads (Internal or NPT NPT, G (Straight), R (Tapered) G 1/4, 1/4 NPT,
External) 1/4 NPT
Internal (or
External)
esources/conversion-charts
Bar Inches of Mercury Kilopascals Inches of Water Column
098
28,96 98 ,067 394,05
067
006
2,036 6 ,895 27,7
895
101
29,92 101 325 407,14
325
1 29,53 100 402,156
0 033
1 3 ,3864 13,61
864
1 0,2953 1 402,156
000
0,07349 0 249 1
249
0 029
0,8819 29 839 12
839
U.S. U.S. Gallon Imperial U.S. Barrel (Petroleum)

Quart Gallon
### 0,264178 0,220083 0,00629
### 0,004329 0,003606 0,000103

### 748,055 622 888 0,1781
1 0,25 02 082 0,00595
4 1 0 833 0,02381
### 120,032 1 0,02877
168 42 34 973 1
Millim Miles Kilometers
eters
1000 0,0006214 0 001

254 0,00001578 00 000 254
3 048 0,0001894 00 003 048
1 0,0000006214 0 000 001
1 609 1 160 935
350
1 000 0,62137 1
000
Inches mm Inches
Decim Fractions Decimals
als
0,23 5,842 1-Feb 0,50
0,2343 59,531 0,51
75
0,2362 6,0 0,51181
2
0,24 6,096 33/64 0,515625
0,25 6,35 0,52

0,26 6,604 0,53
0,2656 67,469 17/32 0,53125

25
0,27 6,858 0,54
0,2755 7,0 35/64 0,546875
9
0,28 7,112 0,55
0,2812 71,438 0,55118
5
0,29 7,366 0,56
0,2968 75,406 Sep-16 0,5625

75
0,30 7,62 0,57
0,31 7,874 37/64 0,578125
0,3125 79,375 0,58
0,3149 8,0 0,59

6
0,32 8,128 0,5905
0,3281 83,344 19/32 0,59375
25
0,33 8,382 0,60
0,34 8,636 39/64 0,609375
0,3437 87,312 0,61
5
0,35 8,89 0,62
0,3543 9,0 5-Aug 0,625
3
0,3593 91,281 0,62992
75
0,36 9,144 0,63
0,37 9,398 0,64
0,375 9,525 41/64 0,640625

0,38 9,652 0,65
0,39 9,906 21/32 0,65625
0,3906 99,219 0,66

25
0,3937 10,0 0,66929
0
0,40 10,16 0,67
0,4062 103,188 43/64 0,671875
5
0,41 10,414 0,68
0,42 10,668 Nov-16 0,6875
0,4218 107,156 0,69

75
0,43 10,922 0,70
0,4330 11,0 45/64 0,703125

7
0,4375 111,125 0,70866
0,44 11,176 0,71
0,45 11,430 23/32 0,71875
0,4531 115,094 0,72

25
0,46 11,684 0,73
0,4687 119,062 47/64 0,734375
5
0,47 11,938 0,74
0,4724 12,0 0,74803
4
0,48 12,192 3-Apr 0,75
0,4843 123,031 0,76
75
0,49 12,446 49/64 0,765625
f accuracy.
ASME ASME CL1500 ASME CL2500
CL900
4,00 4,00 4,25

4,38 4,38 5,12
4,88 4,88 5,75
6,50 6,50 6,75
7,50 7,50 7,75
7,50 8,00 9,00
9,25 9,50 10,75
11,00 11,50 12,75
12,50 12,50 14,50
15,50 15,50 17,25
18,50 19,00 21,75
21,00 22,50 24,38
22,00 25,00 -
24,25 27,75 -
27,00 30,50 -
29,50 32,75 -
35,50 39,00 -
- - -
- - -
- - -
- - -
Lengths in Feet of Standard Pipe

Nominal Pipe Size in Inches
### 1/1/2002 2 1/2/2002
7,5 9,0 12 14
3,7 4,3 5,5 6,5
3,0 3,7 4,6 5,4
2,3 2,7 3,5 4,2
1,6 2,0 2,5 3,0

8,5 10 13 15
40 43 45 65
18 21 28 33
9,0 11 14 16
0,8 0,9 1,2 1,3
B16.1, B16.5, and B16.24

900 1500 2500
5,88 5,88 6,25

6,25 6,25 7,25
7,00 7,00 8,00
8,50 8,50 9,25
9,62 9,62 10,50
9,50 10,50 12,00
11,50 12,25 14,00
13,75 14,75 16,50
15,00 15,50 19,00
18,50 19,00 21,75
21,50 23,00 26,50
24,00 26,50 30,00
25,25 29,50 -
27,75 32,50 -
31,00 36,00 -
33,75 38,75 -
41,00 46,00 -
- - -
- - -
- - -
- - -
Number of Stud Bolts and Hole Diameter in Inches, Per ASME B16.1, B16.5, and B16.24
50 (Cast Iron) 600 900
300 (Steel)(2)
Ø No. Ø No.
0,62 4 0,62 4
0,62 4 0,62 4
0,75 4 0,75 4
0,62 8 0,62 8
0,75 8 0,75 8
0,75 8 0,75 8
0,75 8 0,75 8
0,75 8 1,00 8
0,75 12 1,00 12
0,88 12 1,12 12
1,00 16 1,25 16
1,12 20 1,25 20
1,12 20 1,38 20
1,25 20 1,50 20
1,25 20 1,62 20
1,25 24 1,62 20
1,50 24 1,88 20
1,75 - - -
2,00 - - -
2,00 - - -
2,00 - - -
Common Size Designations
### 2 1/2/2002 3
40 50 65 80
Feet of Water Column
32,84
2,309
33,93
33,513
1,134
0,33513
0,0833
1
mm Inches mm
Fraction Decimal
s s
12,7 0,77 19,558
12,954 0,78 19,812
13,0 25/32 0,78125 198,438
13 0969 0,78740 20,0
13,208 0,79 20,066

13,462 51/64 0,79687 202,406
5
134,938 0,80 20,320
13,716 0,81 20,574

138,906 13/64 0,8125 206,375
13,970 0,82 20,828

14,0 0,82677 21,0
14,224 53/64 0,82812 210,344

5
142,875 0,83 21,082
14,478 0,84 21,336

146,844 27/32 0,84375 214,312
14,732 0,85 21,590
14,986 55/64 0,85937 218,281

5
15,0 0,86 21,844
150,812 0,86614 22,0
15,24 0,87 22,098

154,781 7-Aug 0,875 22,225
15,494 0,88 22,352
15,748 0,89 22,606

15,875 57/64 0,89062 226,219
5
16,0 0,90 22,860
16,002 0,90551 23,0
16,256 29/32 0,90625 230,188
162,719 0,91 23,114

16,510 0,92 23,368
166,688 59/64 0,92187 231,456
5
16,764 0,93 23,622
17,0 15/16 0,9375 238,125
17,018 0,94 23,876

170,656 0,94488 24,0
17,272 0,95 24,130

174,625 61/64 0,95312 242,094
5
17,526 0,96 24,384
17,78 31/32 0,96875 246,062
178,594 0,97 24,638
18,0 0,98 24,892
18,034 0,98425 25,0
182,562 63/64 0,98437 250,031

5
18,288 0,99 25,146
18,542 1 100,000 254,000

186,531
18,796
19,0
19,050
19,304
194,469
n Feet of Standard Pipe
al Pipe Size in Inches
3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
0.D. 0.D.
17 22 33 43 55 65 78 85
8 12 16 20 26 31 36 42
6,8 9,0 14 18 22 26 30 35
5,3 7 11 14 17 20 23 26
3,7 5,0 7,5 10 12 15 17 20

19 24 37 49 62 75 86 100
82 120 170 240 290 340 400 440
42 56 85 112 145 165 190 220
19 26 39 52 66 78 92 106
1,7 2,3 3,5 4,5 5,7 6,7 8,0 9,0

nd B16.24
900 1500 2500
Ø No. Ø No. Ø
0,88 4 0,88 4 0,88
0,88 4 0,88 4 1,00
1,00 4 1,00 4 1,12
0,88 8 0,88 8 1,00
1,00 8 1,00 8 1,12
0,88 8 1,12 8 1,25
0,12 8 1,25 8 1,50
1,25 8 1,50 8 1,75
1,12 12 1,38 8 2,00
1,38 12 1,62 12 2,00
1,38 12 1,88 12 2,50
1,38 16 2,00 12 2,75
1,50 16 2,25 - -
1,62 16 2,50 - -
1,88 16 2,75 - -
2,00 16 3,00 - -
2,50 16 3,50 - -
- - - - -
- - - - -
- - - - -
- - - - -
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
18 20 24 30
0.D. 0.D. 0.D. 0.D.
105 115 135 170
47 52 64 80
40 43 55 67
31 34 41 52
22 24 30 37
110 125 150 185
500 550 680 850
250 280 340 420
120 130 145 160
11 12 14 17
20 24
500 600
https://www.phelpsgaskets.com/useful-resources/pipe-size-id
https://www.phelpsgaskets.com/useful-resources/pipe-size-id/ring-gaskets-150lb
Pipe
Size
ID /
OD
chart
Ring
Gaske
ts -
Style
1015
Ring Gaskets for 150lb 150 LB Ring
ASME/ANSI Pipe
Flanges
Nominal Gasket Nominal Gasket
Pipe Size Pipe Size
I.D. O.D. I.D. O.D.
1/2" 27/32" 1 7/8" 22" 22" 26"
3/4" 1 1/16" 2 1/4" 24" 24" 28 1/4"
1" 1 5/16" 2 5/8" 26" 26" 30 1/2"
1 1/4" 1 21/32" 3" 28" 28" 32 3/4"
1 1/2" 1 29/32" 3 3/8" 30" 30" 34 3/4"
2" 2 3/8" 4 1/8" 32" 32" 37"

2 1/2" 2 7/8" 4 7/8" 34" 34" 39"
3" 3 1/2" 5 3/8" 36" 36" 41 1/4"
3 1/2" 4" 6 3/8" 38" 38" 43 5/8"
4" 4 1/2" 6 7/8" 40" 40" 45 5/8"
4 1/2" 5" 7" 42" 42" 48"
5" 5 9/16" 7 3/4" 46" 46" 52 1/8"
6" 6 5/8" 8 3/4" 48" 48" 54 1/2"
7" 7 5/8" 10" 50" 50" 56 1/2"
8" 8 5/8" 11" 52" 52" 58 3/4"

10" 10 3/4" 13 3/8" 54" 54" 61"
12" 12 3/4" 16 1/8" 60" 60" 67 1/2"
14" 14" 17 3/4" 66" 66" 74 1/4"
15" 15" 19" 72" 72" 80 3/4"
16" 16" 20 1/4" 84" 84" 93 1/2"
18" 18" 21 5/8" 96" 96" 106 1/4"
20" 20" 23 7/8" Standard thickness 1/16”

and 1/8”; other thicknesses
available by special order.
Pip
e
Size
ID /
OD
cha
rt
Full
Fac
e
Gas
kets
-
Styl
e
111
5
Full Face Gaskets for 150 150 LB Ring
lb ASME/ANSI Pipe
Flanges
Nominal Gasket Number Diamete Bolt
Pipe Size of Bolt r of Bolt Circle
Holes Holes
I.D. O.D.
1/2" 13/16" 3 1/2" 4 5/8" 2 3/8"
3/4" 1 1/16" 3 7/8" 4 5/8" 2 3/4"
1" 1 5/16" 4 1/4" 4 5/8" 3 1/8"
1 1/4" 1 5/8" 4 5/8" 4 5/8" 3 1/2"

1 1/2" 1 7/8" 5" 4 5/8" 3 7/8"
2" 2 3/8" 6" 4 3/4" 4 3/4"
2 1/2" 2 7/8" 7" 4 3/4" 5 1/2"
3" 3 1/2" 7 1/2" 4 3/4" 6"
3 1/2" 4" 8 1/2" 8 3/4" 7"
4" 4 1/2" 9" 8 3/4" 7 1/2"
5" 5 9/16" 10" 8 7/8" 8 1/2"
6" 6 5/8" 11" 8 7/8" 9 1/2"
8" 8 5/8" 13 1/2" 8 7/8" 11 3/4"
10" 10 3/4" 16" 12 1" 14 1/4"
12" 12 3/4" 19" 12 1" 17"
14" 14" 21" 12 1 1/8" 18 3/4"
16" 16" 23 1/2" 16 1 1/8" 21 1/4"
18" 18" 25" 16 1 1/4" 22 3/4"
20" 20" 27 1/2" 20 1 1/4" 25"
22" 22" 29 1/2" 20 1 3/8" 27 1/4"
24" 24" 32" 20 1 3/8" 29 1/2"
26" 26" 34 1/4" 24 1 3/8" 31 3/4"
28" 28" 36 1/2" 28 1 3/8" 34"
30" 30" 38 3/4" 28 1 3/8" 36"
32" 32" 41 3/4" 28 1 5/8" 38 1/2"
34" 34" 43 3/4" 32 1 5/8" 40 1/2"
36" 36" 46" 32 1 5/8" 42 3/4"
38" 38" 48 3/4" 32 1 5/8" 45 1/4"
40" 40" 50 3/4" 36 1 5/8" 47 1/4"
42" 42" 53" 36 1 5/8" 49 1/2"
44" 44" 55 1/4" 40 1 5/8" 51 3/4"
46" 46" 57 1/4" 40 1 5/8" 53 3/4"
48" 48" 59 1/2" 44 1 5/8" 56"
50" 50" 61 3/4" 44 1 7/8" 58 1/4"
52" 52" 64" 44 1 7/8" 60 1/2"
54" 54" 66 1/4" 44 1 7/8" 62 3/4"
60" 60" 73" 52 1 7/8" 69 1/4"
66" 66" 80" 52 1 7/8" 76"
72" 72" 86 1/2" 60 1 7/8" 82 1/2"
84" 84" 99 3/4" 64 2 1/8" 95 1/2"
96" 96" 113 1/4" 68 2 3/8" 108 1/2"
Pipe
Size
ID /
OD
char
t
Rin
g
Gas
kets
-
Styl
e
103
0
Ring Gaskets for 300 lb 300 LB Ring
ASME/ANSI Pipe
Flanges
Nominal Gasket Nominal Gasket
Pipe Size Pipe Size
I.D. O.D. I.D. O.D.
1/2" 27/32" 2 1/8" 10" 10 3/4" 14 1/4"
3/4" 1 1/16" 2 5/8" 12" 12 3/4" 16 5/8"
1" 1 5/16" 2 7/8" 14" 14" 19 1/8"
1 1/4" 1 21/32" 3 1/4" 15" 15" 20 1/8"
1 1/2" 1 29/32" 3 3/4" 16" 16" 21 1/4"
2" 2 3/8" 4 3/8" 18" 18" 23 1/2"

2 1/2" 2 7/8" 5 1/8" 20" 20" 25 3/4"
3" 3 1/2" 5 7/8" 22" 22" 27 5/8"
3 1/2" 4" 6 1/2" 24" 24" 30 1/2"
4" 4 1/2" 7 1/8" 30" 30" 37 1/2"
4 1/2" 5" 7 5/8" 36" 36" 44"
5" 5 9/16" 8 1/2" 42" 42" 50 3/4"
6" 6 5/8" 9 7/8" 48" 48" 58 3/4"
7" 7 5/8" 10 7/8" Standard thickness 1/16”
and 1/8”; other thicknesses
available by special order.
8" 8 5/8" 12 1/8"
Pip
e
Size
ID /
OD
cha
rt
Full
Fac
e
Gas
kets
-
Styl
e
113
0
Full Face Gaskets for 300 300 LB Ring
lb ASME/ANSI Pipe
Flanges
Nominal Gasket Number Diamete Bolt
Pipe Size of Bolt r of Bolt Circle
Holes Holes
I.D. O.D.
1" 1 5/16" 4 7/8" 4 3/4" 3 1/2"
1 1/4" 1 21/32" 5 1/4" 4 3/4" 3 7/8"
1 1/2" 1 29/32" 6 1/8" 4 7/8" 4 1/2"
2" 2 3/8" 6 1/2" 8 3/4" 5"

2 1/2" 2 7/8" 7 1/2" 8 7/8" 5 7/8"
3" 3 1/2" 8 1/4" 8 7/8" 6 5/8"
3 1/2" 4" 9" 8 7/8" 7 1/4"
4" 4 1/2" 10" 8 7/8" 7 7/8"
5" 5 9/16" 11" 8 7/8" 9 1/4"
6" 6 5/8" 12 1/2" 12 7/8" 10 5/8"
8" 8 5/8" 15" 12 1" 13"
10" 10 3/4" 17 1/2" 16 1 1/8" 15 1/4"
12" 12 3/4" 20 1/2" 16 1 1/4" 17 3/4"
14" 14" 23" 20 1 1/4" 20 1/4"
16" 16" 25 1/2" 20 1 3/8" 22 1/2"
18" 18" 28" 24 1 3/8" 24 3/4"
20" 20" 30 1/2" 24 1 3/8" 27"
22" 22" 33" 24 1 5/8" 29 1/4"
24" 24" 36" 24 1 5/8" 32"
26" 26" 38 1/4" 28 1 7/8" 34 1/2"
28" 28" 40 3/4" 28 1 7/8" 37"
30" 30" 43" 28 1 7/8" 39 1/4"
32" 32" 45 1/4" 28 1 7/8" 41 1/2"
34" 34" 47 1/2" 28 1 7/8" 43 1/2"
36" 36" 50" 32 2 1/8" 46"
38" 38" 52 1/4" 32 2 1/8" 48"
40" 40" 54 1/2" 36 2 1/8" 50 1/4"
42" 42" 57" 36 2 1/8" 52 3/4"
44" 44" 59 1/4" 36 2 1/8" 55"
46" 46" 61 1/2" 40 2 1/8" 57 1/4"
48" 48" 65" 40 2 1/8" 60 3/4"
https://www.phelpsgaskets.com/useful-resources/phelps-glossary
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
Abrasion
Abrasion Resistance
Abrasion resistance index
Accelerated Aging
Accelerated life test:
Accelerated Service Test
Accelerator
Acetate
Acid acceptors
Acid resistance
Acid Resistant
ACM
ACN
Acrylic Adhesive
Acrylate Rubber
Acrylic Rubber
Acrylonitrile
Activator
Active Inhibitor
Actuate
Actuator
Adapters
Adhesion (a)
Adhesion (b)
Adhesion Failure
Adhesive - Contact
Adhesive - Heat Activated
Adhesive - Solvent Activated
Aftercure
Age resistance
Agglomerate
Aging (a)
Aging (b)
Aging (c)
Aging, Air Oven
Aging, Air Test Tube
Air Checks
Air-Curing
Air traps
Artificial Aging
Aluminum
Aluminum Seal Rings
Ambient Temperature
Amorphous
Anchor
Angles
Angular Movement
Aniline point
Annealing
Anodize
ANSI
Antidegradants
Anti-Extrusion Rings
Antiflex cracking agent
Antioxidant
Anti-ozonant:
Antistatic Agents
Anti-tack
Anti-vibration Mounts
AOV
API
Apportionment
Aqueous Solutions
Aramid
Arrhenius principle
Ash
ASME
Assembled Splice
Assembled Spring Inside Diameter
Assortment Kits
ASTM
Atmospheric cracking
AU
Autoclave
Automatic U-joints
Axial
Axial Clearance
Axial Compression
Axial Extension
Axial squeeze
Axial Surface Roughness
Backer Coat
Backrinding
Backringing
Back-Up Bars
Baffle/ Flow Liner
Baffle Rings
Ball Valve Seats
Banbury Mixer
Bank
Barrel
Batch
Bead
Bearings
Bearing Seals
Beater Add (Beater Saturated)
Belleville Washer
Bellows
Belts
Belt Type Expansion Joint
Bench Mark
Bench Test
Bevel Cut
Bezel
Bias
Bias Angle
Billet
Bill of Material
Blank
Bleeding
Blemish
Blister
Blocking Agent
Bloom
Blow
Blowing agent
Bolt Hole Pattern Or Drill Pattern
Bolt In Baffle/Flow Liners
Bolt Torque
Bond
Bonded Seals
Bonding Agents
Boot Or Belt
Bore Diameter
BR
Braid
Braid Over Braid
Braid Over Core
Braider
Breach Flange Or Duct Flange
Breach Opening
Breakdown
Break-In Lubricant
Breakout friction
Brittleness
Brittle point
BS
BSI
Bubble Sealing
Bulk Density
Bulk Dipping
Bull Ring
Bumpers
Bumping
Buna N
Buna S
Burst
Bushing
Butadiene
Butt Cut
Butt Joint
Butt Splice
Butyl
Butyl Rubber
CAD
Calender
Caliper
CAM
Camber
Carbon Black (a)
Carbon Black (b)
Carbonization
Carbon Black Masterbatch
Carbon Steel
Case Od Sealer
Cast
Catalyst
Cavitation
Cavity
Cell
Cellular Material
Cellular Rubber
Celsius
Cement (Rubber)
Centering Ring (Or Guide Ring)
Centrifugal Pump
Chalking
Characteristics Matrix
Checking
Checking. Sunlight
Chemical Resistance
Chemical Treatment
Chevron Packings
Chloroprene
Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene
C.I.
Circumferential Surface Roughness
Clamp Bars
Closed Cell
Cloth Both Sides (Cbs)
Cloth Inserted (Ci)
CM
CO
Coagent
Coated fabric
Cocked Assembly
Coefficient Of Friction
Coefficient of thermal expansion
Coil
Coil Breaks
Coker Gasket
Cold Bend
Cold flexibility
Cold flow
Cold resistant
Cold Rolled Products
Cold Working
Color Standard
Coefficient of Expansion
Commercial Steel (CS)
Compact Seals
Compatibility
Composite
Compound (a)
Compound (b)
Compounding Material
Compressed Height
Compressed Sheet
Compressibility
Compression Deflection Characteristics
Compression Limiter
Compression moulding
Compression Packing
Compression set
Compressive Stress
Conductive
Conductive Adhesive
Conductive rubber
Conflat Flange
Conformability
Contact Approach Angle
Contact Line
Contact Line Height
Contact stain
Contact Width
Continuous Operating Temperature (Cot)
Continuous Vulcanization
Copolymer (a)
Copolymer (b)
Copper Seal Rings
Corners
Corrosion
Corrosion Inhibitor
Corrugated
Cover
CR
Crack
Cracking
Crazing
Creep
Creep Relaxation
Critical Surface
Crosshead Extruder
Cross linked
Cross-linking
Cross-link density
Cross-Section
Crude Rubber
Crumb rubber
Crush Test
Crush Washers
Crown
Cryogenic
Crystallinity
CSM
Cup And Cone
Cup Packing
Curatives
Cure
Cure time
Curing Agent
Curing temperature
Cushioning Seals
Custom Molded Products
Cut
Cut-Ring Set
Cycle
Cycle And Adjust Procedure
Cycletight®
Cycletight® Type 7 Manway Gasket
Cystalinity
Cylinder
Cylinder Bore
Cylinder Double Rod
Cylinder, Ram-Type
Cylinder Single Rod
Damper
Damping
Deep Drawing
Deep Drawing Steel (DDS)
Deflashing
Deformation
Degassing
Delamination
Demattia Flex Test
Demoulding
Density
Dent Resistant
Desiccant
Design Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (DFMEA)
Design for Manufacturability and Assembly
Design Information Checklist
Design Pressure/Vacuum
Design Reviews
Design Temperature
Design Validation
Design Verification
Design Review
Diametral clearance gap
Diaphragm Sheet
Die
Dielectric strength
Die Cut
Die Cutting
Die Forming
Die Guide
Die swell
Differential pressure
Dimensional stability
DIN
Dipping
Discharge Pressure
Dished Diaphragm
Discs
Disperse
Dispersion
Distributor Seals
Double Acting Seals
Double-Coated
Dough
Drawing Steel (DS)
Drill Pattern
Drum Cure
Dumbbell
Durometer Hardness
Dynamic Properties
Dynamic properties
Dynamic seal
Duck
Duct Id
Ductility
Dumb-Bell (Test-Piece)
Duocone Seals
Durability
Durometer
Durometer Hardness
Dust Seals
Dynamic Runout
Dynamic Seal
Ebonite
Eccentricity
ECO
E-Coating
Efficient vulcanisation
Elasticity
Elastic Limit
Elastic Modulus
Elastomer
Elongation
Elongation at break
Elongation, per cent
Elongation, Ultimate
Emboss
Embossed sheet
Embossing
Embrittlement
Emissions
Endothermic
End Play
End Ring
Encapsulated O-rings
Epa
Epa Method 21
EPDM
EPM
EPR
EU
EU
Excluders
Exclusion Device
Excurision Temperture
Exothermic
Expanded Rubber
Expansion
Explosive decompression
Extender
Extensometer
External Arch Corner
External Pressure
Extraction
Extraction Test
Extra Deep Drawing Steel
Extra Smooth Galvanized
Extrudate
Extruder
Extrusion
Extrusion (seal)
Exudation
Fabric Impression
Face Seals
Fade-O-Meter
Failure Modes Analysis (FMA)
Fastener Seals
Fatigue
Fatigue life
FDA
FEA
Feasibility
FEPM
FFKM
Fiber Seal Rings
Field Assembly
Filler
Filler, Inert
Finish, Mold
Finish, Product
Finish (See Rms)
Finite Element Analysis
Fire retardant
FKM
Flame resistance
Flange
Flange Joint
Flange Packing
Flanges
Flange Seals
Flash
Flatness
Flex cracking
Flex Life
Flexural strength
Flow Direction
Flow Liner (Baffle)
Flow Marks
Flow Meter
Fluid Side
Flushing Fluid
Flush Port
Flutter
FMQ
Foam Rubber
Foil
Follower
Force Pounds
Foreign Material
Formula
Formulation
FPM
Frame
Free Sulfur
Friction
Friction Coating
Friction Factor
Frictioning
FSA
Fsa (Fluid Sealing Assoc.)
Fugitive Emissions
Full-Face Gasket
Functional Lip Diameter
FVMQ
Gage
Galvanic Corrosion
Gap Seals
Garter Spring
Garvey Die Extrusion Test
Gasket
Gasketing
Gasket Spacer
Gate
Gate mark
Gauge
Gehman Freeze Test
Gland Bearing Rings
Gland Follower
Gland Load
Gland Pressure
Gland Seals
Glandsele
Gland Stud
Glass Temperature (Tg)
Glass Transition Point
Glass Transition Temperature (Tg)
Globe Valve Discs
Gloss
Glyd Ring
Gough-Joule effect
Grain
Grain Direction
Grease Seals
Green Stock
Green Strength
Grommets
Groove
Gr-S
Guayule Rubber
Guiding Elements
Guide Rings
Gum Stock Or Compound
Gutta-Percha
Halogen
Halogenation
Hand Wheel
Hat (Flange) Packing:
Hardness (a)
Hardness (b)
Hard Rubber
Hat Packings
Head
Heat ageing
Heat Build Up
Heat Embrittlement
Heat Exchanger
Heat history
Heat resistance
Heavy Gauge Foil
Heel Section
Helical Motion
Helicoflex® Seal
Helium Seal
Helix Contact Width
Helix Seal Rib Seal
Helix Seal Rib Width
Hertz, Hz
Heteropolymer
HiClean
High Pressure Seals
HNBR
Homogeneous
Homopolymer
Hooke’s law
Hot Melt Adhesive
Hot Rolled Sheet
Hot Rolled Sheet Non-Temper Rolled
Hot Rolled Sheet Pickled
Hot Rolled Sheet Pickled Non-Temper Rolled
Housing Bore
H-ring
Hydraulic Cylinder Kits
Hydraulic Packings
Hydrocarbon
Hydrodynamic Seal
Hydrolysis
Hysteresis (a)
Hysteresis (b)
Hysteresis loss
ID
Iir
Immediate set
Impact Test
Impact resistance
Impact strength
Impeller
Impregnate
Impression
Inclusions
Incompatibility
Inert
Inhibitor
Injection Molding
Injection moulding
Inner Case
Inner Ply
Inner Ring
Inorganic Chemicals
Inpherno® Gaskets
Insert
Inside Face
Inside Lip Angle
Installed Face-To-Face Distance
Integrally Flanged Type Expansion Joint
Internal Arch Corner
Internal Mixer
Internally lubricated rubber
Internal Mixer
Internal Pressure
Intra-Lock™
IRHD (International Rubber Hardness)
ISO
Isolators
Isoprene
Izod Impact Test
Jacketed Gasket
Joint
Junk Ring
Kantseal
Knit mark
Knit line
Knots
K-Type Fluid Seals
Labyrinth Seals
Laminate
Lantern Rings
Lateral Deflection Or Lateral Movement
Lateral Offset
Latex
Latex Cement
Lathe Cut Seals
Lattice Braid®
Leaching
Lead Press Cure
Leakage
Leakage Rate
Life test
Light Aging
Lim
Liner Side
Lip Diameter
Lip Force
Lip Height
Lip Id To Id Eccentricity
Lip Interference:
Lip Opening Pressure
Lip Packing & Rings
Lip Seals
Liquid silicone rubber
Litharge
Live Loading
Loaded Lip Seals
Loaded U-Cups
Loading
Loadlock™ Gaskets
Lot
Low Film
Low temperature flexibility
Low Temperature Retraction
Lubricant Starvation
Lubricants
Lubrication
“M” Factor
Magnesia
Maintainability
Make-up
Mandrel
Manufactured Flange To Flange Dimension
Marching Modulus
Masterbatch
Master Batch
Masticate
Mastication
Matrix
Matte
Matte Finish
Mechanical Properties
Mechanical Rubber Goods
Media
Memory
MerKamm
MerKamm IG
MerKamm LG
Metal C-Ring
Metal O-rings
Metal Seal
Method 21
Micrometer
Micron
Micro-Voids
Microwave curing
Migration
Mill
Mill Shrinkage
Mineral oils
Mirror Finish
Misalignment
Mixer
Mixing
Modulus
Modulus of elasticity
Molded Type Expansion Joint
Mold Lubrication
Mold Register
Mold Shrinkage
Molecular weight
Monomer
Mooney scorch
Mooney Viscometer
Mooney viscosity
Mould cavity
Mould marks
Mould release
Mould shrinkage
Mounts
MOV
Movements
MRO
MSS
MTI
Mylar
Natural Rubber
NBR
NBS
Nibbling
Necking
Nip
Nebar
Neoprene
Nerve
Nilos Rings
Nitrile Rubber
NMR
Non-Blooming
Non-fill
Non-Metallic
Non-Metallic Expansion Joint
Non-Staining
Non-sulphur vulcanisation
Novathan
NR
O.D.
Odorant
OEM
Offset
Oil Black Masterbatch
Oil Masterbatch
Oil Resistance
Oil Resistance
Oil Resistant
Oil Seals
Oil Swell
Olefin
Omni-Directional Strength
Open Cell
Open Steam Cure
Operating Pressure/Vacuum
Opra Gasket Designs
Optimum Cure (a)
Optimum Cure (b)
Opti-Seal
Orange peel
Organic
Organosol
O-Ring
OS & D Hose
Outer Case
Outer Cover
Outgassing
Outside Lip Angle
OVA
Oven-Aging Test
Overcure
Overflow
Oxidation
Oxidizer
Oxygen Bomb
Ozone
Ozone cracking
Ozone resistance
Packaging
Packing
Packing Gland
Packing Groove
Packing Hook
Packing, Mechanical
Packing Space
Pads
Pale Crepe
Pan-Based Carbon
Paper Finish
Parachute Packings
Paraffins
Parbacks
Parting line
Paste
Passive Inhibitor
PB
PCP
Peptiser
Peptizer
Perforated
Performance Test
Permanent Set
Permeability
Peroxide
Ph
Phase
Phenolic
PHR
Pickling
Pig
Pigment
Piston
Piston Bearing Rings
Piston Guide Rings
Piston Rings
Piston Seals & Packings
Piston T-Seals
Pita® Gasket
Pitch-Based Carbon
Pitting
Plaited
Plantation Rubber
Plastic Flow, Or Deformation
Plasticiser
Plasticity
Plasticizer
Plastisol
Plastometer
Plateau Effect
Plate Finish
Platen
Plunge Ground
Plunger
Plunger Pump Seals
Plunger Seals
Plugs
Ply
Ply Adhesion
Pmq
Pneumatic Seals
Pock marks
Points of Tangency
Poisson’s Ratio
Polyblend
Polybutadiene
Polyester
Polymer (a)
Polymer (b)
Polymer Chain
Polymerization
Polyurethane
Porosity
Post cure
Pound-Volume
Pre-Assembled Joint
Pre-Compression
Precure
Preliminary Bill of Material
Preliminary Process Flow Chart
Prepolymers
Pre-Set
Press Cure
Preform
Press-in Wipers
Press Length
Pressure
Pressure Absolute
Pressure, Atmospheric
Pressure Cycling
Pressure, Gauge (Psig)
Pressure – (No, Low, Poor)
Pressure Sensitive
Pressure Vessel Steel (PVS)
Primer
Primary Lip
Process Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (PFMEA)
Processability
Processing Aids
Product Assurance Plan
Production Trial Run
Proofed Goods
Protective Cover
Protectors
Proto-Types
Proto Types
PSI
PTFE
PU
Pulp
Pump Shaft
Pure Gum Stock
Purge Fluid
Purge Port
Pusher Rings
P X T Value
QPL
Quarter Turn Valve
Radial
Radial Expansion
Radial Lip Seal
Radial Load
Radial seal
Radial Shaft Seals
Radial squeeze
Radial Wall Variation
Radius Corners
Raff™ Gaskets
Rapid gas decompression (RGD)
Rate Of Cure
Raw Rubber
Rebound
Rebound test
Reciprocating
Reciprocating Motion
Reciprocating Pump
Reclaim
Recovery
Recovery (Gasketing)
Reduced Area Full Face (Raff) Gaskets
Register
Regular Braid
Reinforcement
Reinforcing Agent
Reinforcing filler
Release Liner
Reliability
Remote Handling
Removable Adhesive
Reproducibility
Resilience (a)
Resilience (b)
Resilient
Retaining Rings
Retarder
Reversion (a)
Reversion (b)
Rex Hardness
Rhc
Rheology
Rheometer (Monsanto)
Rib
Rimseal
Rings
Rising/Rotating Stem Valve
Rising Stem Valve
RMA
RMS
Rms (See Finish)
Rod
Rod Seals
Roll
Rollers
Rotary
Rotary Seals
Rotary Service
Rotational Molding Or Casting
Rotation (Flange)
Roto Glyd
Roughness
Rough Trim
Round Braid
RPM
RTV
Rubber
Rubber Based Adhesive
Rubber Latex
Run Out
SAE
SBR
Scarf Cut
Scission
Scoop Trim
Scorch
Scorching
Scoring
Scraper Rings
Scrapers
Scratch
Screw
Seal
Sealability
Seal Assembly
Seal Cages
Seal Case
Seal Gasket
Seal Kits
Seal Outer Diameter
Seal Solution
Seams
Seating Load
Seats
Seamless Construction
Secondary accelerator
Self-Energizing O-Ring
Service Test
Set
Set Back (Stand Of Height)
Set Up
SI
Shaft
Shaft Eccentricity
Shaft Lead
Shaft Repair Kits
Shaft Runout
Shaft Seal & Packings
Shaft Surface Finish
Shaft Surface Texture
Shallex
Sheeter
Sheet Materials
Sheet Molding Compound
Shelf Aging
Shelf Life
Shims
Shipping Straps Or Bars
Shore A Hardness
Shore hardness
Shrinkage
Silicone Adhesive
Silicone Rubber
Simulation
Single Acting Seals
Single-End Coating
Sink Mark
Size, Actual
Size, Nominal
Skim Coat
Skin
Skive
Skive Cut
Slab
Sleeve
Slip O-rings
Slip Stick
Slurry
Smoke sheets
Snap-in Wipers
Soapstone
Solubility
Spacers
Special Characteristics
Specifications (Specs)
Specific Contact Pressure
Specific gravity
Specific Volume
Speedy Sleeves
Spiral Trim
Splices
Sponge Rubber
Spool Packing
Spreading
Spring Energized Seals
Spring Groove
Spring Loaded Seals
Spring Outside Coil Diameter
Spring Rate
Spring Retaining Lip
Spring Witness Marks
Sprue
Sprue mark
Square Braid
Squeeze
Squeeze Seal
Stabiliser
Stack Height
Staining
State of cure
Static Seal
Stem
Steam Cure (Open)
Stem Packing
Stepseal
Stock
Strain
Strain Harden
Strength-to-Weight Ratio
Stress
Stress relaxation
Stress-Strain
Strong Oxidizer
Stuffing Box
Substrate
Subsystem
Suction Pressure
Sulphur
Sun Checking
Surface Finish
Surface Speed
Surge Pressure
Sw
Swelling
Swi
Switch Seals
Symmetrical Seals
System
Tack
Tackifier
Team Feasibility Commitment
Tear Resistance
Tear Strength
Telescopic Packing
Temperature Range
Tensile Strength
Tensile Stress
Tensile Stress at Given Elongation
Tension Set
Terpolymer
Texture
Texturization
TGA
Thermal Barrier
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Cycling
Thermal degradation
Thermal Deterioration
Thermal Expansion
Thermal Movements
Thermoplastic
Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE)
Thermoplastic Rubber
Thermoset
Thermosetting
Thermosetting Rubber
Thorseals
Timing Plan
Tinsel
Tips
Tolerance
Torsilastic Spring
Torsional Rotation
TR-10
Tr Test
Transfer moulding
Transfer Tape
Trapped Air
Trim
Trim Cut
Trimmed Lip Diameter
Trimming Angle
T-Seals
Tube
Tube Springs
Tumbling
U-Cup
U-cups
Undercure
UL94
Ultra Accelator
Ultraviolet Light
Ultimate Elongation
Unbonded Flash
Uncompressed Height
Undercure
Unirotational Seal
Unitized Seal
Unsaturation
U-Packings
U-Seals
UV absorber
Vacuum
Valve Body
Valve Bonnet
Valve Discs
Value Engineering (Value Analysis)
Valve Packing
Valve Seats
Valve Stem
Valve Stem Packing
Vee Packing
Vibration
Vibration Mounts
Vinyl
Visco-elasticity
Viscosity
Vhap
VMQ
VOC
Voice of the Customer
Voice of the Process
Voids
Volume Cost
Volume Swell
Volute
V-Packings
V-Rings
Vsp Anti-Buckling Spiral Wound Gasket Designs
Vulcanisation
Vulcanising agent
Vulcanizate
Vulcanized Splice
Vulcanizating Agent
Vulcanization
Washers
Water Absorption
Water resistance
Wear Rings
Wear Sleeves
Wear Strips
Weathering
Weepage
Weld In Baffle
Welding Blanket
Weld line
Wetting
Wheels
Whip
Wicking
Wiper Rings
Wire-Reinforced
Work Pressure
Wrapped Cure
Rings
XNBR
Yerzley Resilience
“Y” Factor
Yarn
Yield
Yield Point
Yield Strength
Young’s modulus
Zinc Oxide, Activator

Zurcon
helps-glossary
A
The wearing away of a material surface by friction. Particles become detached by a combined cutting, shearing
The resistance of a material to loss of surface particles due to friction.
A measure of the abrasion resistance of a rubber relative to that of a standard rubber under the same specifie
Procedures for subjecting pressure - sensitive label stock to special environmental conditions in order to predi
The testing of a material by subjecting it to conditions in excess of its normal service parameters in an effort to
Any set of test conditions designed to reproduce in a short time the deteriorating effect obtained under norma
A chemical which speeds up the vulcanisation reaction. This allows the rubber to cure in a shorter timeframe,
A plastic synthesized from cellulose dissolved in acetic acid which exhibits rigidity, dimension stability, and ink
Mostly used in fluoroelastomers to absorb the acid produced by the chemical reactions that take place during
The ability of a material to resist attack as a result of exposure to acids. The degree of attack is both temperatu
Withstands the action of acids.
Abbreviation for acrylic rubbers.
Abbreviation for acrylonitrile.
Adhesive made from acrylic monomers that have been polymerized. They have good resistance to UV radiatio
General term used to describe a class of elastomers based on acrylate esters. (Examples, Hycar 4021, 4051, 40
See Acrylate Rubber above, which is the preferred usage.
A chemical CH2CHCN, also known as vinyl cyanide, manufactured from propylene and copolymerized with but
A substance, which by chemical interaction promotes a chemical action of a second substance. Most commonl
A type of galvanic corrosion inhibitor added to packing. It acts as a sacrificial anode, corroding in preference to
To cause movement of a valve stem either by raising, lowering, or turning it.
A device, attached to a valve, which moves the stem, usually by means of a motor or pneumatics. A valve fitted
A “V” shaped ring either male or female to fit together with “V” shaped rings to form a set of adjustable hydrau
The state in which two surfaces are held together by interfacial forces which may consist of molecular forces o
The clinging or sticking of two (2) material surfaces to one another. In rubber parlance, the strength of bond or
The separation of two materials at the surface interface rather than within one of the materials itself.
An adhesive that is apparently dry to the touch but which will adhere to itself upon contact.
A dry adhesive film that is rendered tacky or fluid by application of heat or heat and pressure.
A dry adhesive film that is rendered tacky just prior to use by application of a solvent.
The amount of cure received after the termination of the cure proper. The term is also applied to the continua
The ability of a given material to resist deterioration of its properties caused by ageing.
A cluster of particles of one or more compounding materials loosely held together. One of the primary roles of
(1) The irreversible change of material properties after environmental exposure for an interval of time; (2) Exp
Changes in physical and mechanical properties that occur when low carbon steel is stored for some time. Agin
A progressive change in the chemical and physical properties or rubber, especially vulcanized rubber, usually m
Exposing materials to the action of circulating air in an oven at elevated temperature for a specified period of t
Exposing materials to the action of static air within a closed test tube inserted in an oven. Less severe than air
The surface markings of depressions due to trapping air between the product being cured and the mold or pre
Curing or vulcanization in air at room or elevated temperatures. Normally at atmospheric pressure.
"A rubber moulding defect that can occur either at the surface of the moulding due to air being trapped betwe
Speeding up the natural aging cycle by heating the metal for a short time. Air Curing – The vulcanization of a ru
A pliable, lightweight metal that has good electrical and thermal conductivity, high reflectivity, and resistance t
Sealing rings for pistons made from high grade aluminum alloy
The temperature of the surrounding environment.
Having no definite shape; non-crystalline.
Terminal point or fixed point from which directional movement occurs.
L-Shaped steel member used either as a duct flange or as the fastening connection of an expansion joint. Angl
Movement which occurs when one flange of the expansion joint is moved to an out of parallel position with th
The lowest temperature at which equal parts of aniline and a test liquid (usually oil) will mix or blend. In gener
A process involving high-temperature heating and cooling of the as-rolled cold rolled steel substrate to make i
The controlled oxidation of aluminum using an electro-chemical process to create a porous surface that is rece
Abbreviation for “American National Standard Institute”.
These are materials added to a rubber compound to reduce the effect of deterioration caused by oxidation, oz
Also, called back-up rings or anti-extrusion rings, used to fit behind rubber o-ring seals to prevent extrusion in
A material added to a rubber compound to reduce cracking caused by cyclic deformations.
Usually organic and nitrogenous. A substance which inhibits, or retards, oxidation and certain other kinds of a
A material added to a rubber compound to reduce damage resulting from the effects of ozone.
Chemicals which when added to a rubber compound will help dissipate the buildup of electron charges, there
Substance applied to the surface of an elastomer to stop it adhering either to itself or other elastomers.
Rubber molded pieces used as padding between a motor and the frame to prevent vibration transfer to the m
Abbreviation for “Air Operated Valve”, a pneumatically actuated valve
Abbreviation for American Petroleum Institute
Referred to here as a part of Reliability Engineering. Synonymous with the term Reliability Apportionment, whi
Any fluid solution containing water. See further discussion under “pH.”
A family of polymers used in a fibrous form as packing materials. Kevlar® is a DuPont trade name for an aram
An empirical relationship stating that the rate of a chemical reaction increases exponentially with temperature
The residue of mineral matter left when a material is subjected to high heat and all organic material is burned
Abbreviation for American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
A splice that is constructed of multi layers of materials and connected by use of elastomeric cements, adhesive
The inner diameter of the garter spring, with the ends securely joined.
A convenient package containing several sizes of the same seal, o-ring or retainer ring.
Abbreviation for American Society for Testing and Materials.
Cracks on the surface of a material as a result of exposure to atmospheric conditions. This is usually as a resul
Abbreviation for polyester type polyurethane rubbers.
In the rubber sheet manufacturing industry, the device used to vulcanize (cure) elastomers. Typically the autoc
Also called u-cups, u-cups or u cups. A “U” shaped sealing ring made from a strong pliable plastic or rubber.
In the direction of a shaft or stem axis.
The gap between the toe face to the head section and the inside surface of the inner case.
The dimensional shortening of an expansion joint parallel to its logitudinal axis. Such movement being measur
The dimensional lengthening of an expansion joint parallel to its logitudinal axis. Such movement being measu
Compression applied to the top and bottom of a seal’s surface.
Surface roughness of a shaft measured in a direction parallel with the centerline axis.
B
Usually refers to the coating on the reverse side of a prepainted sheet. The backer coating is generally not as n
Defect in which the rubber adjacent to the mold parting line shrinks below the level of the molded product, of
Distortion at the mold parting line usually in the form of wrinkles, folds, tears or indention’s. In severe cases m
Metals bars used for the purpose of clamping a rectangular/square expansion joint to mating ductwork.
A metal shield that is designed to protect the expansion joint from the abrasive particles in the gas stream and
A ring used to slow the flow of fluids along a shaft.
A PTFE ring shaped to fit against the ball in a flow control valve.
A specific type of internal mixer used to mix rubber or plastic compounds with fillers and other ingredients.
This term can relate to the amount of rubber adjacent to the nip of the rolls on both mills and calenders.
That part of an extruder in which the screw rotates or the ram moves.
The product of the one mixing operation in an intermittent process.
The annular structure of wire, fabric and rubber compound as part of a tire that holds the tire to the rim of the
A machined or molded plastic ring used as a guide ring or wear ring in a hydraulic cylinder.
A seal ring made to snap-fit into a ball, roller or spherical bearing to exclude dust, dirt or trash.
A manufacturing process for making non-metallic sheet that employs a paper-making process using Fourdrinie
A disc spring washer used to live-load a packing gland.
A corrugated rubber or plastic piece which can stretch with a shaft to keep the shaft clean.
A v-belt, flat belt or drive belt made from plastic or rubber.
An expansion joint in which the flexible bellows portion of the joint is made flat and bolted or clamped to meta
Marks of known distance apart applied to a test specimen and used to measure elongation.
A modified service test in which the service conditions are approximated using laboratory equipment not nece
An angled cut at the seam (or joint) of a packing ring.
A grooved rim, which holds another covering or item. Similar to a frame.
The angle at which the textile material is cut with respect to the running edge of the fabric.
(1) Acute angle between the direction of the cut and the diameter of the wrap in the production of wrapping fo
A large rod of PTFE; the initial stage of manufacture for skive PTFE.
Total list of all components/materials required to manufacture the product.
A measured weight or dimension of a rubber compound suitable to fill the cavity of a compression or transfer
The flow of a compounding material, often oils or lubricants, from the surface of vulcanised or unvulcanised ru
A mark, deformity, or injury which impairs the appearance.
A cavity or sac that deforms the surface of a material.
A coating applied to braided packing to fill the area between the fibers, blocking the passage of media through
A solid or liquid material that has migrated to the surface of a rubber material normally leaving a waxy or milk
The volume expansion that occurs in the production of cellular or sponge rubber resulting from the action of a
A compounding ingredient introduced into an elastomer which produces a gas by chemical or physical action d
The systematic location of bolt holes in the mating flanges and expansion joint flanges where joint is to be bolt
A baffle that is designed to be bolted to the breach flange. NOTE: Bolt in baffles/flow liners require the use of a
The amount of twisting or turning effort (expressed as Ft- Lb or N-m) required to turn the nuts on a gland follo
The union of materials by use of adhesives, usually used in related parts vulcanized after attaching.
A flat steel washer with a rubber sealing ring molded into the center to fit over a bolt to provide a seal.
Substances or mixtures of substances that are used for attaching rubber to metal, fabrics or other substrates.
The flexible element of an expansion joint usually consisting of rubber and rubbercoated fabric.
The outside dimension of the annular space that packing is inserted into. Also called the stuffing box bore.
Abbreviation for rubber based on butadiene.
Yarns or filaments woven together to form a hollow or solid structure. A braid may have a round (Braid over B
A type of braiding construction in which a series of round braided layers are braided on top of one another.
A type of braiding construction in which yarns are round braided over a core. Cores may be composed of an e
A mechanical device which interweaves yarns to produce a braid.
The portion of the duct system, usually an angle or a channel that interfaces with the flange of the expansion j
The distance between the mating duct flanges in which the joint is to be installed.
The plasticising of raw rubber prior to the incorporation of compounding ingredients. This is normally the first
A lubricant added to the surface of braided packing. Break-in lubricants are used to protect the packing from c
The force required to initiate sliding between a rubber seal and the surface in which it is in contact.
Tendency to crack when subjected to deformation.
The highest temperature at which a rubber specimen will break under a measured sudden impact. This is one
Abbreviation for British Standard.
Abbreviation for British Standards Institution.
A sealing level that does not exceed 1.0 x 10-4 atm cc/sec of Helium.
The density of loose material (powder, cubes, etc.) expressed as a ration of weight to volume (lbs./ft cubed or g
An economical method for applying coating to a packing material simply by dipping a container of braid into a
See “Anti-Extrusion Ring”.
A rubber or plastic part used to prevent metal-to-metal contact.
The operation of opening and closing the press rapidly in the first stages of the cure. This action is designed to
A general term for the copolymers of butadiene and acrylonitrile. Typical commercial polymers are Hycar and
A general term for the copolymers of butadiene and styrene.
A rupture caused by internal pressure.
A rubber or plastic spacer to provide a wear surface around a shaft.
CH2=CH-CH=CH2. A gaseous hydrocarbon of the diolefin series, boiling at 5~C. Also known as erythrene, diviny
A straight cut at the seam (or joint) of a packing ring.
Joining two ends of material whereby the junction is perpendicular to the ID of an O-ring.
A joint made before or after vulcanization in a rubber part by placing the two pieces to be joined edge to edge
A synthetic rubber of the polybutene type exhibiting very low permeability to gases.
A copolymer of isobutylene and isoprene, polymerized almost instantaneously in methyl chloride with aluminu
C
Abbreviation for computer-aided design.
A step in the production of braided packing where a braided material is fed through rollers to squeeze it to its
The thickness of a sheet material. The thickness is usually expressed in one thousands of an inch and in millim
Abbreviation for computer-aided manufacture.
The deviation of a side edge from a straight line, the measurement being taken on the concave side with a stra
Elemental carbon in finely divided form used to reinforce elastomeric compounds.
Finely divided carbon formed by the incomplete combustion of natural gas or petroleum in large, closed furna
The reduction of a material to carbon.
A mixture of an elastomer with a high content of carbon black. It may be produced by mill or Banbury mixing t
Steel which owes its properties chiefly to carbon without substantial amounts of other alloying elements; also
A coating applied to the case OD to prevent leakage between the seal case and the housing bore.
To form a part by filling a mold cavity with a liquid resin or rubber and then curing to a solid at room temperat
A chemical in small quantities which accelerates a chemical reaction without itself necessarily becoming part o
An undesirable phenomenon that sometimes occurs in pumps, in which small vapor bubbles are created in th
The area on a die where blades are formed to cut. A die with 1 or more cutouts that are the same size for each
A single, small open space surrounded partially or completely by walls (as in sponge).
A generic term for materials containing many cells, either open or closed, dispersed throughout the mass.
Rubber products which contain cells or small hollow receptacles. The cells may either be open or interconnect
A temperature scale in which 0°C is the freezing point and 100°C is the boiling point of water (formerly called c
An adhesive that is either a liquid dispersion or a solution of raw or compounded rubber, or both, usually diss
A solid piece of metal used on the OD of a gasket winding in order to center the gasket properly on the sealing
A type of pump which relies on the rotation of an impeller to generate pressure and cause flow.
The formation of a residue on the surface of a rubber which is commonly as a result of UV damaging the surfa
An analytical technique for displaying the relationship between process parameters and manufacturing station
The short, shallow cracks on the surface of a rubber product, resulting from damaging action by environmenta
The development of minute surface fissures as a result of exposing rubber articles to sunlight, generally accele
The resistance offered by elastomer products to physical or chemical reactions as a result of contact with or im
An aqueous solution of corrosion-inhibiting chemicals, typically chromates or chromate/phosphate.
Also called V-Packing, Vee packing, Chevron Packing, Parachute packing or v-set packing. A complete vee packi
2-Chloro-l, 3-butadiene, a volatile, colorless liquid which boils at 59c., synthesized from acetylene. It is used in t
An elastomeric material sold as Hypalon*.
The abbreviation for cloth- inserted, indicating a sheet of rubber containing one or more plies of fabric covered
Surface roughness of a shaft measured in a direction (plane) normal to the centerline axis.
Same as back-up bars.
A cell totally enclosed by its walls and hence not interconnecting with other cells.
Rubber sheet consisting of a ply of fabric or cloth on each surface. CDS: Cloth on just one side.
Rubber sheet containing one or more plies of fabric or cloth, in which the fabric is completely covered with rub
ASTM designation for Chlorinated Polyethylene.
Epichlorohydrin homopolymer
An ingredient added to a rubber compound, usually in small amounts to increase the cross-linking efficiency o
A product constructed by coating a fabric with a rubber, resulting in a flexible material which can be moulded
An installation in which the plane of the outside seal face is not perpendicular to the shaft axis.
Between rubber and dry surfaces, is the ratio of the force required to move one surface over the other to the f
The average expansion per degree over a stated temperature range, expressed as a fraction of the initial dime
One turn of the coiled wire garter spring.
Creases or ridges in sheet that appear as parallel lines across the direction of rolling, and that generally extend
Gasket for the coke unit in petroleum refineries.
A test in which a sample of wire or cable is wound around a mandrel of a specified size within a cold chamber,
Flexibility of the elastomer following exposure to a specified low temperature for a specified period of time.
Continued deformation under stress.
The ability of an elastomer to function at low temperatures.
Flat rolled products for which the required final thickness has been obtained by rolling at room temperature.
Applying a mechanical force (such as deep drawing) to metal at room temperature at such a rate that strain-ha
A painted sheet panel with a prescribed color of paint representing the precise color it is intended to produce
The coefficient of linear expansion is the ratio of the change in length per degree to the length at 0 Celsius. Th
Sheet of this quality is for simple bending or moderate forming. Commercial Steel sheet can be bent flat upon
Multi-piece seal sets, generally used as piston seals in a hydraulic cylinder. Made to fit in a limit space, compac
The ability of different materials to blend and form a homogeneous system.
A homogeneous material created by the synthetic assembly of two or more materials (a selected filler or reinfo
A term applied to either vulcanized or unvulcanized mixtures of elastomers and other ingredients necessary to
In chemistry, it is the material resulting from the chemical union of two or more elements in definite proportio
A substance used as part of a rubber mix
The height of a packing ring or packing set after it has been compressed in the stuffing box.
A gasketing material primarily containing fibers, rubber and fillers, manufactured on a special calender (known
The quality or state of being compressible. In the case of gasketing, it is the percent loss of thickness when sub
The tests for compression-deflection characteristics constitute methods of compression stiffness measuremen
Ring used in conjunction with a seal to control or limit compression of the seal.
A moulding process in which an uncured rubber blank is placed directly in the mould cavity and compressed to
A deformable material used to prevent or control the passage of a pressurized fluid between surfaces that mo
The residual decrease in thickness of a test specimen measured 30 minutes after removal from a suitable load
Force per unit area compressing (squeezing) the seal.
To conduct or transmit heat or electricity.
An adhesive that incorporates conductive fibers. These fibers have the ability to conduct electricity through the
A rubber which has been produced such that it is capable of conducting electricity.
A common vacuum industry flange.
The ability of an adhesive tape to mold itself to the shape of an object without wrinkling or creasing. Convertin
Synonym: Angle, Outside Lip.
The line of intersection between the outside and inside lip surfaces of a radial lip seal. In a cross-sectional view
The axial distance from the outside seal face to the lip contact line.
Discoloration of a product by another material or by a rubber article in the area directly touching it.
The width of the lip contact area of a radial lip seal, measure in the axial direction.
Actual operating temperature of service.
A process where the vulcanization of a rubber compound takes place in a continuous manner such as by draw
A polymer consisting of two different monomers chemically combined.
A copolymer is a high polymer consisting of molecules containing large numbers of units of two or more chem
Rings made from thin copper formed over fibrous filler to seal in high temperature.
Molded, formed, or radius belt corners of rectangular/square expansion joint.
Gradual chemical or electrochemical attack on a metal by atmospheric moisture or other agents.
An ingredient added to packing, which decreases or eliminates the possibility of galvanic corrosion in the stuffi
Formed into alternating peaks and valleys; typically limited to sheet metal 0.024″ and thinner.
The outermost ply of material of an elastomeric expansion joint.
Abbreviation for chloroprene rubbers
A sharp break or fissure in the sealing element.
A sharp break or fissure in the surface, generally due to excessive strain.
A surface effect on rubber articles characterized by many minute cracks.
The deformation, in either cured or uncured rubber under stress, which occurs with lapse of time after the im
In a flange gasket, loss of stress accompanied by constantly decreasing compressed thickness. This type of rela
Intended for material applied to critical exposed/painted applications where cosmetic surface imperfections ar
An extruder so constructed that the axis of the emerging product is a right angle to the axis of the extruder sc
The establishment of a chemical bond between the molecular chains of a given polymer, thereby enhancing p
(see also vulcanising): The formation of chemical bonds between polymer chains to give a threedimensional ne
A measure for the relative number of cross-links in a given volume of elastomer.
1) The view of a part as if it were cut to show its internal structure. 2) The distance between the shaft or stem s
Refers to raw natural rubber.
Vulcanised waste or scrap rubber which has been ground down to a known mesh size and can then be added
A specification test employed for o-ring hydraulic packings in which the ring, in twisted condition, is subjected
A washer made to be crushed to form a seal.
A contour on a sheet where the thickness increases from some edge measurement to the center.
Of or relating to a very low temperature.
The orientation of the disordered long-chain molecules of a polymer into repeating ordered patterns. Many ru
ASTM designation for Chloro Sulfonyl Polyethylene (Hypalon*)
The shape of certain types of die-formed ring sets. In a “cup and cone” set the rings have conical surfaces that
Sealing devices made in the shape of a cup with outer lips curved upward usually made from rubber, fabric re
The collective term for the chemicals involved in curing the rubber material. These include, for example, accele
The act of vulcanization. See Vulcanization.
The required amount of time needed to complete the curing process to a pre-determined level. The time taken
A chemical which will cause cross linking to occur.
The temperature at which vulcanisation takes place.
Sealing rings mounted into a cylinder to cushion the stroke or prevent metal to metal contact.
Special shaped parts molded from rubber or plastic made to fit the machine or device it is used in.
The distance between cuts or parallel faces of articles produced by repetitive slicing or cutting of long preshap
A braided material cut into individual rings for a specific stem/stuffing box size and packaged as a set.
One complete operation of a molding press from closing time to closing time.
A procedure used to consolidate a packing set after it has been installed in a stuffing box. This procedure help
VSP Technologies’ family of “spring loaded,” corrugated insert ePTFE gaskets. Enhances the handleability and p
Semi-metallic expanded PTFE gasket designed for use in general purpose tank car manway dome lids. VSP Tec
Stretched natural rubber forms a high oriented state and shows X-ray diffraction patterns and other propertie
A device which converts fluid power into linear mechanical force and motion. It usually consists of a moveable
The internal diameter of the cylinder.
A cylinder with a piston rod extending from each end.
A cylinder in which the piston and piston rod are one and the same. These cylinders are single-acting and are m
A cylinder with a piston rod extending from one end.
D
The use of a variety of materials to deaden or damp a vibration.
The property of a material or system that causes it to convert mechanical energy to heat when subjected to de
The process of working metal blanks in dies on a press into shapes which are usually more or less cup-like in c
Sheet of this designation should be used when Drawing Steel will not provide a sufficient degree of ductility fo
The process of removing excess material from the flash-line resulting from the moulding process.Various meth
A stress induced change of form or shape.
The passing of a gas out of a rubber, normally generated by the volatile ingredients in the rubber mix which ar
The separation of layers of rubber (normally in a plied format) or the rubber separating from a surface to whic
This laboratory test to determine the flexible life of a material. It measures the rate of formation of cracks in a
The operation of removing a vulcanised rubber product from the mould in which it has been cured. This can b
The weight per unit volume of a material – usually expressed in PCF (pounds per cubic foot).
BH Series- Sheet of this designation is produced from partially stabilized steel and offers a unique combination
A rubber compounding ingredient used to absorb moisture irreversibly, particularly for the purpose of minimi
An analytical technique used by a design responsible engineer/team as a means to assure, to the extent possib
A simultaneous engineering process designed to optimize the relationship between design function, manufact
A mistake proofing checklist designed to assure that all important items are considered in establishing design
The pressure or vacuum condition that exists during system start-up and/or shut-down operations. During thi
A proactive process to prevent problems and misunderstandings.
The maximum or most severe temperature expected during normal operation caused by equipment failure. (S
Testing to ensure that product conforms to defined user needs and/or requirements. Design validation follows
Testing to ensure that all design outputs meet design input requirements. Design verification may include acti
Performing Alternate Calculations – Understanding Tests and Demonstrations – Review of Design Stage Docum
The difference in diameters between two mating surfaces.
PTFE or sheet rubber (generally fabric-reinforced) from which flat diaphragms are cut.
The shaped plate fitted in the head of an extruder designed to create a profile suitable for the moulding proce
The measure of a product’s ability to resist passage of a disruptive discharge produced by an electric stress; th
Shaped articles cut with a die from a sheet of material
When parts are cut into individual pieces using a steel rule die. Sharp steel rule dies are formed to desired sha
A manufacturing process in which braid or graphite foil is compressed in a mold to form a ring.
A guide around a label that assists with positioning of die and /or keeping art to edge tolerances. Die Impressio
The change in dimensions of an extruded rubber section as it exits the die. This swell is mainly due to the elas
The difference in pressure between the high-pressure and low-pressure side of a sealing system.
The ability of the elastomer to retain its original shape and size having been exposed to a combination of stres
Abbreviation for Deutsches Institut für Normung. English translation is German Industry Standard – it is the Eu
A method of manufacturing rubber articles by dipping a former of the shape required into a rubber solution.
The fluid pressure measured on the discharge (or outlet) side of the pump where the fluid exits the volute.
A molded diaphragm in which the entire center is depressed below the plane of the rim.
Flat, round saucer shaped pieces made from rubber or plastic.
To cause particles or molecules of matter to separate and become uniformly scattered throughout a medium.
The distribution of particles throughout a medium. For rubbers this often refers to the distribution of compou
Sealing rings used to seal in oil and seal out dust, dirt or trash on an automobile engine electric spark distribut
Seal rings which seal in two directions, on the push and the pull stroke of a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder.
Tape with adhesive on both sides.
Rubber compounded and swollen in solvent and worked on a ‘wet’ mill until it reaches the consistency of doug
Sheet of this quality has a greater degree of ductility and is more consistent in performance than Commercial
The systematic location of bolt holes on the mating and expansion joint flange through which the expansion jo
A method of vulcanizing rubber in which the product is wrapped around a drum and cured in hot air or steam
A standard, flat strip specimen shaped like a dumbbell that is used in many physical tests.
An arbitrary numbering scale that indicates the resistance to indentation of the indentor point of the Duromet
Mechanical properties exhibited under repeated cyclic deformations.
The response in an elastomer to forces applied to them.
A seal used in an environment that is subjected to any type of movement relative to its position and that of the
A compact, firm, heavy, plain weave fabric made from cotton or synthetic fibers, or a combination of both. Duc
The inside dimension of the ductwork measured from the duct walls prior to any form of coating.
The ability to permit change of shape without fracture. In flat rolled steel, ductility is usually measured by hard
In the physical testing of rubber, a strip test-piece is used that is shaped like a dumb-bell, i.e., constricted in the
A special cone-shaped sealing ring.
The probability that an item will continue to function at customer expectation levels, at the useful life without
The most common Durometer. Type A or A-2 is an instrument for determining the hardness or rubber by mea
An arbitrary numerical value measuring the resistance to indentation (without puncturing) of the indentor into
Seals used to exclude dust from a machine or device.
Twice the distance the center of the shaft is displaced from the center of rotation and expressed in TIR. That ru
A seal required to prevent leakage past parts which are in relative motion. The opposite of static seal.
‘Hard rubbers’ which are formed when they are cured with high levels of vulcanising agents.
The distance that the central axis of a shaft is offset from the center of the stuffing box through which it passe
Epichlorohydrin copolymer with ethylene oxide.
A coating process where an electric charge is used to bond the paint to the metal outer ring for Garlock spiral
A term applied to vulcanisation systems in which sulphur or a sulphur donor is used very efficiently for cross-li
The property of an article which tends to return to its original shape after deformation.
The limiting extent to which a body may be deformed and yet return to its initial shape after removal of the de
The value of the load (in pounds per square inch of original cross-section) required to give an intermediate elo
A macromolecular material which, in the vulcanized state, at room temperature can be stretched repeatedly to
In the physical testing of rubber, the increase in length of a test-piece when stretched, usually expressed as a p
The elongation measured at the point of rupture. A high value is important if substantial stretching is required
The extension of a specimen as a result of an applied tensile stress, expressed as a percentage of the original
The elongation at time of rupture.
A process of forming a portion of the substrate to rise above the normal level of the substrate. An example is a
An embossed sheet is one having a prominent, impressed texture or pattern on its surface(s). If the defined te
The production of a design in relief on a rubber surface by molds or by engraved rolls.
A rubber compound becoming brittle during low or high temperature exposure or in the process or aging.
Gaseous or liquid leakage given off by a piece of equipment. This usually refers to volatile organic hydrocarbon
A chemical reaction that absorbs heat energy.
A measure of axial movement encountered or allowed, usually in reference to the shaft on which the seal lip c
A ring used at the top or bottom of a packing set, usually functioning as a wiper ring and/or an anti-extrusion r
A rubber o-ring with a thin jacket of PTFE or PTFE surrounding the softer core material, which allows it to be us
Abbreviation for “Environmental Protection Agency”, the US government agency responsible for enforcing the
A method established by the EPA for performing emissions measurements on equipment such as valves, pum
ASTM abbreviation for a terpolymer of ethylene, propylene, and a diene with the residual unsaturated portion
Abbreviation for ethylene-propylene rubber.
Abbreviation for ethylene-propylene rubber.
Abbreviation for polyether urethane
Abbreviation for polyether urethane
Also called wipers or scrapers – used in a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder to exclude and scrape the rod clean.
A device capable of excluding contaminating particles and fluids that would otherwise be dragged back into th
The temperature the system could reach TEMPERTURE: during an equipment failure such as an air heater failu
A chemical reaction in which heat energy is liberated.
Cellular rubber having closed cells made from a solid rubber compound.
The increase in any linear dimension or volume.
See Rapid gas decompression
A material added to a rubber compound which is designed to reduce the cost of the compound without impar
A device used to determine the elongation of a specimen as it is strained under testing conditions. Often these
An expansion joint corner with the arch formed outwardly that is designed primarily for pressure service, gene
Pressure (Lbs./Sq. Inch) exerted on the OD of a seal.
The process of removing one or more components of a homogeneous mixture by treating the mixture with a l
A test involving the separation of certain components from a solid by dissolving them in a liquid solvent under
Sheet of this designation has superior formability and excellent uniformity. It is produced from steel having a v
An Extra-Smooth finish is imparted to hot-dip metallic-coated steel sheet by temper rolling after coating to dec
(also referred to as extrusion): The profiled material which results from the extrusion process.
A machine designed to create a profiled rubber shape by forcing the rubber through a die which has a shape s
1) Distortion, under pressure, of portion of seal into clearance between mating metal parts. 2) Material, under
The distortion, under pressure, of some of the sealing element into the clearance between mating parts.
Delayed phase separation of incompatible material, also called bleeding, blooming, spewing, or sweating.
A pattern in the rubber surface formed by contact with fabric during vulcanization (usually during Drum Curing
Rubber rings used like a gasket between two flat pieces of metal.
An apparatus for accelerated light aging and light fastness testing of sample of vulcanized rubber and plastic s
A formal, structured procedure used to analyze failure mode data from both current and prior processes to pr
See Bonded Seals.
The weakening or deterioration of a material occuring when a repetition or continuous application of stress ca
The number of deformations required to produce a specified state of fatigue in a test specimen.
Food and Drug Administration (USA).
Abbreviation for finite element analysis.
A determination that a process, design, procedure, or plan can be successfully accomplished in the required ti
Abbreviation for tetrafluoroethylene/propylene dipolymers.
Abbreviation for perfluoroelastomers.
A gasket or other die cut, waterjet cut or formed ring used to seal between two surfaces.
A joint that is assembled at the jobsite due to its size ( too large to ship ) or the location of the breach opening
Any compounding material, usually in powder form, added to rubber in a substantial volume to improve quali
A filler added for cost or processing reasons that have little affect on physical properties.
The quality or appearance of the machined surface of a mold.
The quality or appearance of the surface of a rubber product.
Surface condition of materials for metals, measured in terms of RMS.
A technique for modeling a complex structure. When the mathematical model is subjected to known loads, the
An additive used in rubber compounding to reduce the fire hazard
Abbreviation for fluorocarbon rubber.
The resistance to burning of a rubber material.
Rim or edge projecting at right angles to provide strength, or a means of attachment to another part
A joint formed by two abutting flanges.
A pipe flange gasket.
That part of an expansion joint used for fastening the joint into the system. Can be either metal or same mate
A seal used on the bolt-up flange on a hydraulic system – usually on the hose fitting or pipe flanges.
Excess rubber on a molded product resulting from cavity overflow at the parting lines where the mold sections
Flatness is a measure of a cut length sheet’s ability to conform to a flat horizontal surface. Maximum deviation
A cracking condition of the surface of rubber articles such as tires and footwear, resulting from constantly repe
The relative ability of a rubber article to withstand cyclical bending stresses.
Ability of an elastomer to flex without permanent distortion or damage.
Direction of media (fluid, gas, air, etc.) movement through the system.
A metal shield that is designed to protect the abrasive media in the stream and to reduce flutter caused by the
Surface imperfections due to improper flow and failure of stock to knit or blend with itself during the molding
A device used to measure the flow rate of a fluid through a pipe. In packing applications a flow meter may be u
The side of the seal which in normal use faces toward the fluid being sealed.
A clean liquid (usually water) which is injected through a flush port to exclude solid particles from the stuffing
A hole in the side of a stuffing box through which a cleansing or lubricating fluid is injected.
The action that occurs on the joint body caused by turbulence of the system media or vibration set-up in ducti
Abbreviation for fluoro methyl silicone.
Cellular rubber formed by whipping latex to a froth and then vulcanizing.
Another name for thin gauge aluminum (see Aluminum).
See “Gland Follower”.
The total load required to deflect an expansion joint a distance equal to the maximum rated movement of the
A list of the ingredients and their amounts used in the preparation of a compound.
Kinds and proportions of ingredients for a mix, together with the method of incorporation. Also called recipe.
Abbreviation for “Feet per Minute”, a measure of the surface speed of a rotating shaft.
The complete angle iron or plate frame to which belt of bellows portion of the expansion joint is attached.
That portion of the sulfur originally present in the compound which did not react during vulcanization.
Resistance to motion due to the contact of surfaces.
A rubber covering applied to the weave of a fabric simultaneously with impregnation.
An empirically determined factor used to estimate the frictional force generated by the packing on a valve stem
Process of impregnating woven fabric with rubber using a calender whose rolls rotate at different surface spee
Fluid Sealing Association, an American-based trade association for the mechanical packing industry.
The name of the American-based trade association for the Mechanical Packing Industry.
An unintentional gaseous or liquid leakage given off by a piece of equipment. See also “Emissions”.
A gasket covering the entire flange surface and including bolt holes.
The apparent inner diameter of the seal when the seal case is concentric with the outer diameter of the sizing
Abbreviation for fluoro vinyl methyl silicone.
G
Refers to a dimension, generally thickness of a product, as measured by a gage of some type
An electrochemical reaction that may occur between a metal and a more chemically noble material such as an
A seal ring used to seal between the gaps of metal or plastic.
A helically coiled wire with its ends connected to form a ring. It is used in tension for maintaining a radial sealin
A procedure for rating the extrusion characteristics of a rubber compound by extruding under prescribed cond
A flat, non-moving, compressible rubber-like device squeezed between two flat surfaces forming a static seal. G
Material in bulk form from which gaskets may be cut.
A gasket material cut to fit in a stuffing box between braided packing rings. Gasket spacers may be used to pro
(rubber injection or transfer mold) – The orifice used to control the flow of rubber, and through which a shape
A witness mark left on the moulding as a result of injecting rubber through the gate. This can be either a raised
The thickness of a material.
An apparatus for measuring the relative stiffening of rubber specimens at low temperatures by measuring the
Also called guide rings or wear rings used as a bearing surface for the rod of a hydraulic ram or cylinder.
A part which protrudes into a stuffing box to compress a packing set or packing ring.
The amount of load applied to a packing set. This may be expressed in terms of force (Lbs., N) or in terms of pr
The amount of pressure applied to a compression packing set by the gland follower, usually expressed in psi o
Seals or packings used as the main sealing device in a ram or cylinder.
The brand name of a type of rod seal.
A threaded rod or eye bolt, extending from a valve or pump body, that is used to compress a packing set.
The temperature at which a rubber becomes glass-like. A more recent name for Second Order Transition poin
Temperature at which a material loses its glass-like properties and becomes a semi-liquid.
The point at which the material loses its flexibility at low temperature. This point is affected by system pressur
PTFE rings used to seal in a globe valve.
The property of a surface related to its ability to reflect light. The most common type of gloss of interest to app
Also known as wear rings or guide rings – made from plastic, PTFE or soft metal to act as a bearing surface for
When rubber is stretched adiabatically (without heat entering or leaving the system) heat is generated by the m
The unidirectional orientation of rubber or filler particles occurring during processing (extrusion, milling, calen
The arrangement of a pattern on the material.
Also called oil seals, rotary seals or shaft seals. Made of rubber to seal grease in a housing with a rotating shaf
Raw, unvulcanized compound
(1) The resistance to deformation of a rubber stock in the uncured state. (2) Uncured adhesion between plied o
A rubber ring used to fit into a hole in sheet metal allow wires, shafts or rod to exit the housing without touchi
The area in which a hydraulic seal is contained for the purpose of sealing against a rod, or cylinder wall or an a
Obsolete description of styrene-butadiene rubber. Current ASTM designation is SBR.
A form of natural rubber obtained from the guayule shrub. It is soft and highly resinous. There is currently littl
Wear rings, guide rings, guiding rings, bearing rings for hydraulic cylinder rods.
See also wear rings, guide rings or bearing rings. Usually made from a form of PTFE or PTFE.
A rubber compound containing only those ingredients necessary for vulcanization and small amounts or other
A form of rubber obtained from trees in a manner similar to Hevea (natural) rubber. It differs in that it is highly
H
Class of elements containing Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine and Fluorine.
The reaction of a halogen element with an organic compound by direct addition or by substitution for a hydro
A wheel located at the top of a manually operated valve that is used to actuate the valve stem.
An old form of sealing rods, which seals on the ID only.
The relative resistance of rubber to the penetration (without puncturing) of a blunt point impressed on its surf
Resistance of metal to penetration of the surface.
See Ebonite. In ground form as “dust,” it is used as a filler in other hard rubber articles as a process aid and to
Usually made from leather, it is used as a rod seal or ram seal in a hydraulic cylinder.
The pressure at any point in a fluid can be thought of as being caused by a vertical column of the liquid that, d
A test for the reduction in physical properties of an elastomer as a result of exposure to temperature.
The generation of heat due to hysteresis when rubber is rapidly or continually deformed
The hardening of a vulcanized rubber compound when aged at elevated temperatures in air, accompanied by
A piece of equipment designed to transfer thermal energy from one media to another. The unit is typically a lo
The accumulated amount of heat a rubber stock has been subjected to during processing operations, usually a
A rubber’s ability to undergo exposure to some specified level of elevated temperature and retain a high level
Aluminum foil greater than .008” thick (8 mils).
The portion of a lip seal which is attached to the seal case and bounded by the flex section and the outside fac
The circular, screw-like, up and/or down motion of a rod or valve stem.
Metal seal composed of a helical, wound spring with a single or double jacket wrapped around the spring. Cro
A sealing level that does not exceed 1.0 x 10-9 atm cc/sec of Helium.
The axial width of that portion of the contact surface of a helix seal which is formed by the helical ribs. It is equ
The angle formed by the leading edge of the rib and a line perpendicular to a plane tangent to the outside lip s
The maximum width of a helical rib measured perpendicular to the ribOs longitudinal axis.
Unit of frequency equal to one cycle per second
A polymer composed of differing monomers.
A brand name for rod wipers.
Seals to be used in high pressure hydraulic applications made from PTFE, urethane or fabric reinforced materi
Abbreviation for hydrogenated nitrile rubber.
Of uniform composition throughout.
A polymer formed from a single monomer.
Within the limits of elasticity of a material, tension is proportional to elongation, or strain is proportional to the
A thermoplastic adhesive compound, usually solid at room temperature which becomes fluid on heating for u
Steel sheet that is processed to its final thickness by rolling at high temperatures on a specially designed hot-r
A U. S. Steel definition for product supplied as a coil directly off the Hot Strip Mill with no additional processing
A U. S. Steel definition for a mill edge coil that is pickled, oiled and temper rolled with coil ends cropped back to
A U. S. Steel definition for a mill edge coil that is pickled and oiled with coil ends cropped back to meet gauge t
A cylindrical surface which mates with the outside diameter of the outer seal case.
Also called H-Wiper. An “H” shaped rod wiper ring made from NBR or polyurethane for a hydraulic or pneumat
A selection of seals used to completely repair a cylinder or ram.
Packing rings used in a hydraulic ram or cylinder.
An organic chemical compound containing only the elements carbon and hydrogen. Aliphatic hydrocarbons ar
A dynamic sealing device which utilizes the viscous shear and inertia forces of the fluid; imparted by a helically
Chemical decomposition of a substance involving the addition of water.
The heat generated by rapid deformation of a vulcanized rubber part. It is the difference between the energy o
Hysteresis or energy loss is the difference between the work input and the work output as measured under th
The loss of mechanical energy due to hysteresis.
Abbreviation for “Inside Diameter”. Used when denoting the inside dimension of a packing set, usually equal to
ASTM designation for isobutene-isoprene rubber, or “butyl” rubber
The deformation found by measuring immediately after removal of the force causing deformation.
A test which is intended to evaluate the brittleness, toughness, adhesion and hardness of paint films applied t
The resistance to fracture under a quickly applied load.
A measure of the toughness of the material to rapidly applied loads. It is often represented as the energy requ
The part of a centrifugal pump that, when rotated, will generate pressure and cause flow.
To force material into all the openings of a fabric.
During vulcanization, the design formed in the surface of any rubber article by a method of transfer. See “Fabr
Particles of foreign material (such as oxides, sulfides or silicates) in steel as cast.
Inability of material to form a homogeneous system
A material that has little tendency to reinforce or have any other effect upon the properties of vulcanizates
A compounding ingredient which is added to a mix to suppress a chemical reaction such as the curing of a rub
A method of forming articles (such as plastic) by heating the molding material until it can flow and injecting it i
Moulding process where preheated rubber is injected under pressure through a series of runners and into a c
A rigid, cup-shaped component of a seal assembly, which is placed inside the outer seal case. It has one or mo
The inside ply of a multiple-layered joint.
A solid ring used on the ID of a spiral wound gasket in higher pressure applications. This ring also acts as a com
Chemicals whose composition is based on atoms other than carbon (salt, clay, silica, caustic, hydrochloric acid,
Fire-safe PTFE spiral wound gaskets that successfully passed API 607 fourth edition fire test, providing low stre
A part, usually metal, which is placed in a mold and appears as an integral part of the molded product.
That surface of the inner case which faces, and is usually in contact with, the fluid being sealed.
The angle between the inside lip surface and the axis of the seal case.
The distance between the expansion joint flanges after installation when the system is in the cold (off) position
An expansion joint in which the joint flanges are made of the same material as the body of the joint, as in ÒUÓ
An expansion joint corner with the arch formed inwardly that is designed primarily for vacuum service. Genera
An enclosed mixing machine of high power for rubber or other suitable material, inside of which are two coun
A rubber containing lubricating additives designed to reduce the material’s coefficient of friction.
An enclosed mixing machine for rubber or other suitable material, inside or which are two (2) heavy mixing ro
Pressure (Lbs/Sq. Inch) exerted on the ID of a seal.
Unique segmented-gasket technology providing tighter, more mechanically secure fits between gasket segmen
For complete definition see ASTM D 1415-68 Standard Method of Test for International Hardness of Vulcanized
Abbreviation for International Standards Organization.
A term used to describe a bearing seal – which replaces an oil seal providing more reliable sealing.
(CH2CICH3)-CH=CH2, a liquid hydrocarbon, the fundamental repeating unit in natural rubber and the monome
A test procedure to determine the impact toughness of a rigid material. It consists of a notched specimen supp
Type of gasket with a metallic cover either partially or completely surrounding a filler material to improve temp
An interstice (crevice) between rigid members of a fluid container.
A ring added to the bottom of a packing set as either an anti-extrusion ring or as a bushing. See also “Anti-extr
A brand name of a special seal. Kiss-Cut – Die-cutting material so that it stays in roll form. The finished pieces a
Where raw stock did not unite into a homogeneous mass during the vulcanization. This is also called poor knit
(also known as weld line): A line present in a moulding as a result of opposing flow fronts during the forming o
Lumps which appear in a stretched rubber part, generally due to poor dispersion of a curative, such as sulfur.
A “K” shaped sealing ring used in a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder.
A non-contacting, rotary seal with a series of internal grooves to divert the flow and lubricating fluids in the dir
Product made by bonding together two or more layers of like, or unlike materials.
A spacer ring with grooves and port holes used in the stuffing box of a pump or other rotating equipment utili
The relating displacement of the two ends of the expansion joint perpendicular to its longitudinal axis. Lateral
The offset distance between two adjacent flanges or faces. Can be due to misalignment, equipment settling, or
A stable dispersion of a polymeric substance in an aqueous medium.
An adhesive cement made from latex by compounding with suitably prepared curing agents, fillers and tackifie
A seal or gasket ring cut square on a lathe.
A Garlock trade name for a type of braided construction. In this method, the yarn is braided in an interlocking
See Bleeding
A process for curing hose where the uncured hose is covered with lead in an extruding machine, cured in stea
An escape of gases or liquids from a piece of equipment.
The quantity of fluid passing through (or around) a seal in a given period of time.
A test of the amount and duration of a product’s resistance to destructive forces.
Deterioration of compounds when exposed to light (direct or indirect, natural or man-made).
Liquid injection molding. A molding process in which one or more liquid materials are injected into a mold held
The adhesive side covered by the release liner.
The inner diameter of the seal lip, measured with the spring installed.
The radial force exerted by an extension spring and/or lip of a seal on the mating shaft. Lip force is expressed
The axial distance from the outside seal face to the toe face.
See: Radial Wall Variance.
The tendency for a seal’s actual dimension at the lip area to be smaller than the ID or larger than the OD sealin
The pressure necessary for flowing air at 10000 cm3/m between the contact surface of a radial lip seal and sha
Could be the description of a u-cup or of an oil seals. A seal with a lip design to provide sealing.
Seal rings having lips to provide a flexible, dynamic sealing against a shaft.
High purity platinum cured silicone with low compression set, great stability and ability to resist extreme temp
Lead monoxide, PbO, formerly used as an inorganic accelerator but now mainly used as a vulcanising agent in
The use of Belleville spring washers on packing gland bolts to reduce load loss over time.
A hydraulic u-cup which has an o-ring or quad ring fitted into the u-shaped groove to assure good low pressur
Same as loaded lip seals.
The kind and quantity of fillers mixed with rubber.
Machined profile gaskets designed and fabricated by VSP Technologies.
1) A mass of material or collection of articles of similar composition and characteristics. 2) An amount of mater
A thin film of oil on the shaft of a hydraulic cylinder.
The ability of a rubber product to be flexed, bent, or bowed at specified low temperature without loss of servic
Behavior of a compound when tested in T-50 test. It is designed to evaluate the crystallizing tendency of cured
Lack of proper lubrication at the seal interface which may cause premature wear and early failure.
Internal (mixed into the compound) to reduce tendency to stick to processing equipment or to lower heat buil
The use of a liquid or fluid to reduce the friction, heat or wear between two surfaces where movement is takin
M
The factor that provides additional preload capability in the flange fasteners to maintain sealing pressure on a
(a) Heavy calcined: Magnesium oxide by calcination of magnetite (natural magnesium carbonate), and then gro
The probability that a failed system can be made operable in a specified interval or downtime.
Uncured elastomer that is cut to a profile, weight and/or length prior to placing in a mould.
A bar, serving as a core, around which rubber is extruded, forming a center hole.
The manufactured width of the joint measured from the joint flange face to flange face.
A curing characteristic of a compound where the modulus never quite levels off but keeps increasing with cure
A preliminary mixture of rubber and one or more compound ingredients for such purposes as more thorough
A mixture of rubber with one (1) or more ingredients in definite but higher concentrations than those in which
To work rubber on a mixing mill or in an internal mixer till it becomes soft and plastic. To break down. MASTIC
The breakdown or softening of raw rubber by the combined action of mechanical work (shear). This can be acc
1) Mold or form in which anything is cast or shaped. 2) Continuous medium in which discrete particles are disp
A satin or flat finish on the surface of a label.
A more uniform surface finish imparted to the sheet surface by temper rolling with shot-blasted rolls.
The properties of a material that reveal its elastic and inelastic behavior when force is applied, thereby indicati
A general term covering rubber goods manufactured for use in engineering and industrial applications, coverin
The fluid which is being sealed.
Ability of a rubber to return to its original shape after deformation.
This is a basic Camprofile with no outer ring. It is used in a confined space or recessed flange such as tongue a
This is designed with an integral outer guide ring for aligning accuracy. This is primarily used in standard ANSI
This is designed with a loose fitting outer guide ring. It is used for flanges where thermal expansion may be en
C-section metal seal with low load characteristics. Plating and coating are added for improved performance.
An o-ring usually made from hollow stainless steel tubing, with a small vent hole.
Seal composed entirely of metal components, which, when compressed between two stationary faces, preven
See “EPA Method 21″.
A caliper for making precise measurements that has a spindle moved by a finely threaded screw.
A unit of length equal to .0001 cm or 10,000 angstrom units. Now replaced by micrometer.
The spaces in a gasket, on a micro level, that allow media permeation.
Vulcanisation of rubbers by heat produced by high frequency radiation.
The movement of materials within a rubber product to the surface, from an area of high concentration to one
A machine consisting of two (2) adjacent, heavy, chilled iron rolls set horizontally, and which revolve in opposit
The amount of shrinkage, expressed in percent, of a polymer or compound after being subjected to a specified
Petroleum and other hydrocarbons oils obtained from mineral sources. In rubber compounds they act as softe
A bright, polished surface.
The out-of-line condition that exists between the adjacent face of the equipment/system flanges.
A machine with a closed chamber in which specially shaped rotors masticate the rubber and incorporate comp
The process of incorporating the ingredients or a rubber compound into the rubber, usually done on a mixing
The ratio of stress to strain. In the physical testing of rubber, the load necessary to produce stated percentage
The ratio of stress to strain in an elastic material.
An expansion joint in which the entire wall of the joint is molded into a ÒUÓ or convoluted configuration. The
Lubricants, usually insoluble in rubber, sprayed or brushed on the face of a mold to facilitate removal of the ar
Means used to align the parts of a mold.
The difference in dimensions, expressed in inches per inch, between a molding and the mold cavity in which it
The weight of a molecule of a substance.
A simple chemical compound that enters into the production of a polymer.
A measure of the incipient curing characteristics of a rubber compound using the Mooney viscometer.
A laboratory testing machine for measuring the plasticity of raw rubber or unvulcanized rubber compounds. A
A measure of the viscosity of a rubber or rubber compound determined in a Mooney shearing disc viscomete
Profiled shape cut into a mould within which the rubber is cured to produce the product.
An imperfection transferred to a moulded product from corresponding marks present on the mould surface.
A substance applied to the surface of a mould cavity to aid the release of the rubber product after curing.
Dimensional loss in a moulded rubber product that occurs during cooling after it has been removed from the
A rubber molded part used as a motor mount or to mount device against a frame without allowing vibration to
Abbreviation for “Motor Operated Valve”, a motor-actuated control valve.
The dimensional changes which the expansion joint is required to absorb, such as those resulting from therma
Abbreviation for “Maintenance and Repair Organization”.
Abbreviation for “Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valves and Fittings Industry”.
Abbreviation for Material Technology Institute of the Chemical Process Industry.
A non-metallic material derived from polyester.
N
Rubber formed in a living plant or tree, usually referring to Hevea Brasiliensis.
Abbreviation for nitrile-butadiene rubber.
National Bureau of Standards
Normally observed when pressure cycling occurs. When system pressure is applied the housing lifts or dilates,
The localized reduction in cross section that may occur in a material under tensile stress.
The radial distance between the rolls on a mill or calender, measured at the line of centres.
A special type of gasket material used in electrical transformers.
Synthetic rubber made by polymerizing 2-chlor-1, 3-butadiene. Neoprene compounds are rioted for their resis
The elastic resistance of unvulcanized rubber or rubber compounds to permanent deformation during proces
A special seal ring.
A generic term comprising the various copolymers of butadiene and acrylonitrile. The copolymers vary essenti
Nuclear magnetic resonance. A type of radio frequency or microwave spectrosopy, based on the magnetic field
The absence of a bloom.
A defect in a rubber product caused by the rubber failing to completely fill the mould.
Any material that lacks the characteristics of a metal.
Expansion joint which utilizes flexible non-metallic material to accommodate joint movements.
An accelerator, antioxidant or similar substance that will not discolor other goods placed next to the rubber in
The process of vulcanisation without the use of sulphur.
A name for a type of polyurethane sealing material.
Abbreviation for natural rubber.
O
Outside diameter measured at tangency between bottom radius (R1) and side.
An aromatic substance for masking the odor of vulcanized compounds
Abbreviation for “Original Equipment Manufacturer”.
The radial distance between the axis of the seal bore and axis of shaft rotation.
A rubber (generally SBR) masterbatch containing petroleum oil and carbon black, both added to the SBR latex
Similar to oil black masterbatch but without the carbon black. The addition of the oil as a process aid allows th
Ability to withstand swelling by a specified oily liquid for specified time and temperature, expressed as percent
as applied to vulcanized elastomer compositions: resistance to change in size and shape and resistance to loss
Ability of a vulcanized rubber to resist the swelling and deteriorating effects of various types of oils.
Also called grease seals, rotary seals or shaft seals. Made of rubber to seal grease in housing with a rotating sh
The change in volume of a gasketing product resulting from contact with oil.
A family of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n. They contain one or more d
Strength in all directions.
A cell not totally enclosed by its walls and hence interconnecting with other cells.
A vulcanization process that takes place under direct steam pressure in an autoclave. It is used where direct pr
The temperature at which the system generally will operate during normal conditions.
Reduced area gaskets for fragile or low bolt load flanges. VSP Technologies’ patented gasket design creates a m
State of vulcanization at which maximum desired property is attained.
The physical properties of a rubber compound vulcanized at a given temperature for increasing periods of tim
A special seal ring to provide optimum sealing.
Pitted or uneven surface on a moulded part, resembling the surface of an orange.
Refers to chemical structure based on the carbon atom, natural and synthetic
A suspension of a finely divided polymer (PVC) in a plasticizer together with a volatile organic liquid.
An elastomeric seal of homogeneous composition molded in one piece to the configuration of a torus (ring) wi
Abbreviation for oil suction and discharge service hose
The outer thin-wall rigid structure of the lip-seal assembly which contains the inner case, the primarily-seal rin
The outside ply of material in a multiplelayer joint.
The release of vapours or gases from a rubber compound.
The angle between the outside lip and the axis of the seal case.
Abbreviation for “Organic Vapor Analyzer”, a device used to measure the concentration of volatile organic com
See Aging, Air Oven
A state of excessive vulcanization resulting from overstepping the optimum cure, i.e., vulcanizing longer than n
See Flash
Active oxygen organic materials. This is called oxidation. Rate of degradation will increase with rising temperat
See “Strong Oxidizer”.
A pressure resisting apparatus used in an aging test in which rubber is deteriorated in hot compressed oxygen
An allotropic from oxygen, (03), produced by (he action of electrical discharges in air. It is a gas with a characte
The surface cracks, checks, or crazing caused by exposure to an atmosphere containing ozone.
The ability to withstand the deteriorating effect of ozone.
A unit that provides protection and containment of items plus ease of handling by manual or mechanical mea
An adjustable sealing device on a ram, valve stem or pump shaft - old technology and leakage is required for lu
The space into which a compression packing is inserted. Also known as a Stuffing Box.
A groove machined into a flange or joint to accommodate a packing ring.
A tool, similar to a corkscrew, for removing packing from a stuffing box.
A deformable material used to prevent or control the passage of matter between surfaces which move in relat
The distance between the shaft or stem surface and the bore of a stuffing box. Packing space (x) can be calcula
A rubber part used as an anti-vibration device.
The highest grade of unsmoked plantation rubber
A carbon fiber derived from the carbonization process of a poly acrylonitrile fiber in an inert gas.
Finish resulting from vulcanizing in contact with paper.
A class of aliphatic hydrocarbons characterized by saturated carbon chains. They vary from gases (Methane) to
A back-up ring with a concave shape on one side, used as an anti-extrusion ring for an o-ring.
The line on the surface of a moulded part where the separate mould parts meet and create a small clearance
1) An adhesive composition having a characteristic plastic-type consistency. 2) Description of a PVC resin dispe
A type of galvanic corrosion inhibitor added to packing which acts as a protective coating to block the transfer
Abbreviation for polybutadiene
Abbreviation for polychloroprene
A compounding material used to accelerate, by chemical action, the softening of rubber under the influence o
A chemical used in small proportions added to a rubber compound to accelerate by chemical action the break
To make a line of holes for purposes of easing the separating of two or more items.
See Service Test
The amount by which an elastic material fails to return to its original form after a deformation. In the case of e
To permit passage of gas through the molecular structure of a given material.
One of the ingredients which can be used for vulcanising rubbers.
The measure of the strength of an acid or base. On the pH scale, a neutral solution (neither acidic or basic) has
A physically homogeneous, mechanically separable portion of a material system
A synthetic resin produced by the condensation of an aromatic phenol with an aldehyde, particularly phenol w
Abbreviation for parts per hundred of rubber, used for indicating the proportions of ingredients in a rubber om
Removing surface oxides from metals by a chemical reaction.
Roll of rubber cut from a mill.
A material used to impart colour to a rubber compound.
A cylindrically-shaped part which fits within a cylinder and transmits or receives motion by means of a connect
Also called guide rings, wear rings, piston guide rings.
Also called guide rings, wear rings, piston rings usually made from nylon or POM.
Any ring used on the piston of a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder.
Any seal or packing ring used on the piston of a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder.
A “T” shaped rubber seal, with back-up rings of a harder material on each side, used as a piston seal.
100% expanded PTFE gasket with fully encapsulated corrugated, stainless steel insert. VSP Technologies’ paten
A carbon fiber derived from the carbon residue found at the bottom of a cat cracker in a refinery.
Surface cavities that occur on a metal as a result of galvanic corrosion or mechanical erosion.
Braided.
Crude natural rubber obtained from cultivated rubber trees as opposed to wild or uncultivated trees.
The deformation of a plastic material beyond the point of recovery, accompanied by continuing deformation w
A substance, usually a heavy liquid or oil, which is added to an elastomer to decrease stiffness, improve low te
(1) A measure of the resistance to shear of an unvulcanized elastomer; (2) A tendency of a material to remain d
A substance that softens or plasticizes another substance through its solvent action.
A suspension of a finely divided polymer (such as PVC) in a plasticizer
An instrument for measuring the plasticity of a material
The maintenance of the properties of a rubber composition over a broad range of vulcanization times.
A commercially smooth surface, resulting from vulcanization between press plates (platens).
The flat steel or cast iron part of a press that applies heat and pressure to a mold.
The surface texture of shaft or wear sleeve produced by presenting the grinding wheel perpendicular to the ro
A cylindrically shaped part that has a uniform diameter and is used to transmit thrust (as in a hydraulic cylinde
Packing seal rings used to seal the plunger of a reciprocating pump.
Sealing rings used on a plunger.
A cone shaped rubber part used to be forced into a tube end or hole to make a complete seal.
One layer in a laminated structure
The force required to separate two adjoining plies in a rubber product.
ASTM designation for silicone rubbers having both methyl and phenyl substituent groups on the polymer chai
Any seal or packing ring, usually flexible rubber, used to seal against compressed air instead of hydraulic fluid
Uneven blister-like elevations, depressions, or pimpled appearance.
The points at which the straight portions of the shell walls intersect the beginning of the radius corners.
The ratio of lateral concentration per unit of diameter to longitudinal extension per unit of length in a bar of m
A term used to describe colloidal blends of compatible polymers such as PVC and nitrile rubber. At one time, a
Various polymers formed by the chemical combination of monomers having either the same or different chem
A durable substrate that is resilient to moisture, solvents, oils, and chemicals. It is available as clear or white m
A material formed by the joining together of many (poly) individual units (mar) of a monomer.
A polymer is a very long chain of units of monomers prepared by means of an addition and/or a condensation
The chain of elements that form the basis of the structure of a polymer. The elements may be all carbon atom
A chemical reaction in which the molecules of a monomer are linked together to form large molecules whose
A synthetic elastomeric material made by chemically reacting a polyol and a diisocyanate in such a manner tha
The presence of numerous small holes or voids.
Heat or radiation treatment, or both, to which a cured or partially cured thermosetting plastic or rubber comp
A concept used to calculate the volume cost of a rubber compound as compared to its weight cost. The cost pe
The combination of the metal framework and a bellows, factory assembled into a single assembly.
Compression of the expansion joint during installation (shortening the F/F) so that in the cold position the join
1) Premature vulcanization taking place during the process prior to vulcanization. Similar to scorch. 2) Vulcaniz
An initial Bill of Material completed prior to design and print release.
An early depiction of the anticipated manufacturing process for a product.
As used in polyurethane production, a reaction intermediate of a polyol with an isocyanate, in which either com
Dimension that joints are deflected to insure that desired movements will take place. See Lateral Offset and M
A method of vulcanizing rubber by the use of heated platens, which can be brought together and separated by
The preshaped, uncured material placed in a mold for vulcanization. Preshaping is done to facilitate mold flow
A wiper or scraper ring for a hydraulic cylinder which has a metal outside diameter so that it can be press-fitte
The length of a product that can be vulcanized at one time in a press, limited by the length measurement of th
Force per unit area, usually expressed in pounds per square inch (PSI) or kilograms per square centimeter.
The pressure above zero absolute. (i.e the sum of atmospheric and gage pressure)
Pressure exerted by the atmosphere at any specific location. Sea level pressure is approximately 14.7 lbs./sq.in
The variation of pressure in a system.
Pressure differential above or below atmospheric pressure, expressed as lbs./sq.in. or psig.
May refer to inadequate pressure in mold/press, oven heater or autoclave during Cure. Symptoms may be por
Adhesive that can be applied to a substrate by using light pressures.
Product intended for pressure vessels and similar end use applications.
A coating applied to the surface of a material, prior to the application of an adhesive to improve the performan
The normally flexible elastomeric component of a lip seal assembly, which rides against the rotating surface an
An analytical technique used by a manufacturing responsible engineer/ team as a means to assure that, to the
The relative ease with which raw or compounded rubber can be processed. This can relate to all aspects of ma
Waxes, low molecular weight polyethylene, metal soaps, petroleum oils, and other agents which dissolve or lu
A part of the Product Quality Plan. It is a prevention-oriented management tool that addresses product design
Product made using all production tools, processes, equipment, environment, facility; and cycle time.
Fabrics that have been coated with rubber by spreading rubber solution or dough on the surface.
Outer cover material used to protect boot material during shipment and installation.
A rubber or plastic cap or cup shaped ring used to protect threads or fragile items during shipping or assembly
A part that is made during the design process to determine the feasibility or suitability of a project.
See proto-types
Abbreviation for “Pounds per Square Inch”, a unit of pressure.
Abbreviation for Polytetrafluoroethylene, a polymer having excellent chemical resistance. PTFE dispersion is us
Abbreviation for polyurethane.
In the papermaking industry, pulp is the primary raw material from which paper is made. It is a cellulose fiber
The metal rod connecting the impeller of a pump to the motor.
See gum stock
A clean liquid (usually water) which is injected through a flush port to flush solid particles from the stuffing box
A hole in the side of a stuffing box through which a flushing fluid is injected.
A ring that fits against another sealing device to push it in order to activate it or energize it in the absence of p
A numerical value resulting from the multiplication of the internal pressure and the temperature of the fluid in
Q
Abbreviation for Qualified Products List (associated with U.S. Government specifications).
A valve that will fully open or close with a 90-degree rotation of the stem.
In the direction perpendicular to a shaft axis.

The ability for a packing material to spread out in the radial direction of a stuffing box when it is compressed.
A type of seal which features a flexible sealing member referred to as a lip. The lip is usually of an elastomeric
The total force (load) acting on the seal lip which tends to maintain contact of the lip on the shaft. It is the sum
Seal having compression applied to its outside and inside diameters.
Also called grease seals, rotary seals or shaft seals. Made of rubber to seal grease in housing with a rotating sh
Compression on a seal’s outside and inside diameters.
The difference between the minimum and maximum radial wall dimensions when measured around 360I of th
Rounded corners. Measurement from the center of a diameter to its circumference.
The lowest stress to seal, 100% PTFE-based gaskets. Designed by VSP Technologies for chemical service on FRP
Also known as explosive decompression (ED). The rapid release of applied system pressure, causing dissolved
The relative time required to reach a predetermined state of vulcanization under specified conditions.
Unprocessed, vulcanizable elastomer, normally implying the natural product.
Rebound is a measure of the resilience, usually as the percentage of vertical return of a body which has fallen
Method of determining the resilient properties of vulcanized rubber, by measuring rebound of a steel ball or
Motion of a shaft back and forth in the direction of its axis.
An oscillating, back and forth motion as it normally pertains to a piston rod or valve stem.
A type of pump that relies on the reciprocating motion of a plunger, or series of plungers, to generate pressur
Reclaimed rubber, resulting from the treatment of scrap vulcanized rubber in various operations. Reclaim is ge
The degree to which a product returns to its normal dimensions or shape after being distorted.
The increase in thickness of a gasket after a load is removed.
Developed by VSP Technologies for low pressure, utility steam systems in U.S. Navy ships per Navy Advisory N
The accurate matching of the plates of a mold.
A type of braided construction which yields a soft, flexible packing material having a square cross-section. Also
The act of increasing the mechanical strength of a rubber.
In rubber compounding, a finely-divided substance or filler which, when properly dispersed in rubber, produce
A compounding ingredient added to the rubber to increase the resistance of the material to mechanical forces
Coated paper applied to the adhesive to protect it until ready for use.
The probability that an item will continue to function at customer expectation levels at a measurement point, u
Handling without direct individual contact, usually done with robotic arms.
Adhesive that can be removed from a surface without leaving a residue.
The variation in the average of measurements made by different operators using the same gage when measur
The property of a material that enables it to return to its original size and shape after removal of the stress wh
The energy returned by vulcanized rubber when it is suddenly released from a state of strain or deformation.
Able to recover rapidly, i.e. elastic.
Segmented metal rings installed directly against the back of the expansion joint flange and bolted through to t
Any substance whose presence in relatively small proportions retards a chemical reaction. Specifically, a subst
A deterioration of physical properties that may occur upon excessive vulcanization of some elastomers, eviden
The softening of some vulcanized rubbers when they are heated too long. Usually accompanied by an increase
The hardness of a rubber compound as determined by the Rex gage. It has the same values as Durometer har
The Rubber Hydrocarbon Content of a rubber, reclaim or compound. Natural rubber is 92-95% hydrocarbon.
The science of deformation and flow of matter. Deals with the laws of plasticity, elasticity and viscosity and the
An oscillating disk cure meter used for determining vulcanization characteristics of a rubber compound.
A long, narrow projection which is normally triangular in cross-section and which is molded into the outside lip
A sealing device used on the rim of round plate or rim of a wheel.
Round sealing devices.
A valve in which the movement of the stem is both reciprocating and rotating at the same time, usually followi
A valve in which the movement of the stem is simply reciprocating, with no rotation.
Abbreviation for the Rubber Manufacturers Association.
Root Mean Square – The measure of surface roughness, obtained as the square root of the sum of the square
Root Mean Square, or average deviation from a theoretically perfect surface, is used to define surface finish ro
The metal shaft which extends from the piston to outside the cylinder.
Any seal used on the rod of a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder made from rubber or plastic.
Sheet rubber and gasketing material of a uniform width rolled up on itself from which gaskets and other produ
A round, flat ring used as a wheel or guide.
The motion of a body turning on an axis.
Seals used on rotating shafts – see lips seals, grease seals, oil seals.
A dynamic type of sealing application in which one member remains stationary while the other moves past it i
A procedure used to make hollow articles from liquid polymers or dispersion; may be thermoplstic or thermos
The warping, bowing or bending of a flange that can occur from too much bolt load.
A flat plastic, PTFE or PTFE ring used on a rotating shaft.
Irregularities in shaft surface texture which result from the production process. (See SAE J448a [June, 1963].)
A trimmed surface with irregularities on the outside and inside lip surfaces in the immediate vicinity of the con
A braiding method that yields a hollow tube of yarn. See also “Braid Over Braid” and “Braid Over Core”.
An abbreviation for “Revolutions Per Minute”, a measurement of the rotary speed of a rotating shaft.
Abbreviation for room temperature vulcanisation.
A material that is capable of recovering from large deformations quickly and forcibly, and can be, or already is,
Made from natural and synthetic rubber compounds. They have excellent initial tack but low temperature and
Colloidal aqueous emulsion of an elastomer.
A measurement of how far a shaft moves in the radial direction.
Society of Automotive Engineers.

Abbreviation for styrene-butadiene rubber.
See “Bevel Cut”.
Breaking of chemical bonds
A trimmed surface which is concave.
Premature vulcanization of a rubber compound, generally due to excessive heat history. Also see Mooney Scor
A term frequently used to denote premature vulcanization of a rubber compound, occurring on a mill or calen
Marking the substrate with lines, grooves, or notches for bending or contouring purposes.
A ring which rides tight against a rod, with a sharp lip to scrape or wipe off excess oil, dirt or dust in a hydraulic
Also, called a wiper ring – A ring which rides tight against a rod, with a sharp lip to scrape or wipe off excess oil
A shallow discontinuity in the seal material whereby no material is removed.
Rotating member with a helical groove to propel rubber through the barrel of an extruder.
An elastomeric ring-shaped component used in a constantly moving, dynamic application – either reciprocatin
The measure of fluid leakage both through and across both faces of a gasket. Measured either by using ASTM
A group of parts, which includes sealing surfaces, provisions for initial loading, and a secondary sealing mecha
A special device used to assist a seal ring.
A rigid member to which the seal lip is attached
A gasket that is placed between two adjacent metal parts to make a gas tight connection.
Any group of seals, o-rings, wiper rings and back-up rings used to repair a specific hydraulic cylinder.
The external diameter of a lip-seal assembly, which normally corresponds to the outer diameter of the outer s
Any gasket or seal, which, when properly installed, prevents the escape of matter.
A line, groove, or ridge formed by the joining of edges. A seam can be a weak or vulnerable area, especially for
The load required to properly compress a seal. This will vary depending on the size and shape of the seal. (This
A stationary ring which is pressed into housing and acts as the matching face of a mechanical seal.
An exceptional attribute of deep drawn shells. Deep drawn shells have no seam.
An accelerator used in smaller concentrations, when compared to the primary accelerator, to achieve a faster
O-ring with a hole drilled on the pressure side, allowing pressure to equalize inside the O-ring; prevents collap
A test in which the product is evaluated under actual service conditions
Deformation remaining after complete release of the force producing the deformation
The distance the expansion joint is set back from gas stream to allow for lateral movements and to prevent th
When a stock is said to be “set up,” it has scorched, and vulcanization has started. It can no longer be processe
Abbreviation for International System of Units. (See ASTM E380.)
The metal rod connecting the impeller of a pump to the motor.
The radial distance which the geometric center of a shaft is displaced from the axis of shaft rotation.
Spiral grooves on a shaft surface caused by relative axial movement of grinding wheel to shaft.
A package of seals which includes all seals needed to repair the rod end of a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder.
See: Dynamic Runout.
Any seal ring used on the rod of a hydraulic ram.
See: Shaft Surface Texture.
A term used to describe the quality, appearance, or characteristics of the shaft surface resulting from operatio
A brand name for vee packings, chevron or parachute packings.
The special calender used to make compressed sheet.
Rubber or fibrous material used to make gaskets.
“SMC” is a compression molding material consisting of glass fibers in a thickened polyester resin, possibly mod
The natural deterioration of rubber articles kept in storage or “on the shelf” under normal atmospheric conditi
The length of time a product can be stored, under specific conditions, before the product expires. Each produc
Flat, thin metal gasket-like parts used as spacers to position machinery or align equipment.
Braces that are located between the two expansion joint flanges to prevent overcompression or distortion dur
An indentation method of rating the hardness of rubber using a Shore Durometer with the A scale from 0 to 1
The relative hardness of an elastomer measured on a Shore durometer instrument.
Contraction of molded rubber upon cooling.
Adhesives made from silicone polymers that have excellent high temperature resistance.
A rubber prepared by the action of moisture on dimethyl dichloro silane and other halosilanes. They are chara
The practice of mimicking some or all of the behavior of one system with a different, dissimilar system.
Rings which are designed to seal only in one axial direction.
The process of applying a coating to the individual yarns (or “ends”) of a packing before they are braided. This
A depression in the surface of a part caused by: 1) the collapse of blister or bubble, or 2) internal shrinkage in
Actual dimensions of the part, including tolerance limits.
Approximate size of part in fractional dimensions.
A layer of rubber laid on a fabric but not forced into the weave. Normally laid on frictioned fabric.
A relatively dense layer at the surface of a cellular material.
The process of slicing or veneering off a sheet of PTFE from a billet.
See “Bevel Cut”.
A thick sheet
A metal cylinder that is placed over a pump shaft in the sealing area. In pumping applications, certain media a
A type of ring which fits over an o-ring to relieve friction.
A friction related phenomena in which the sealing element tends to adhere and rotate with the shaft surface m
A fluid mixed with solid particles. In packing applications handling slurries, abrasion is a major concern. Steps m
Plantation natural rubber sheets that, after passing through a mill that puts the conventional ribbing design on
A rod wiper which is made from one homogeneous material, either rubber or polyurethane, which is designed
A soft powder or stone, basically hydrated magnesium silicate, having a soapy feel, used to dust the surface of
The degree to which one substance will dissolve in another
A ring with flat sides to provide specific dimensional spacing between two components.
Product and process characteristics designated by the customer including govern- mental regulatory and safet
The details of a part: dimensions, material call outs, type style, size information, etc.
Seating load divided by seal contact area.
The ratio of the mass of a unit volume of a material to that of the same volume of water at a specified tempera
The reciprocal (1/Sp. Grav.) of specific gravity. Also expressed as the ratio between the volume of one pound o
The name of a thin, round tube which slips over a rotating shaft to provide a new, clean sealing surface for rub
A trimmed surface which has a spiral pattern.
Procedure for making endless boot or bellows from open-ended material. Splicing may be accomplished by on
Cellular structure produced by adding gasifying substance to rubber compound, expanding and curing in heat
Packing material that is braided and sold on a spool, as opposed to cut-ring sets or die-formed ring sets.
Coating, normally a fabric, with rubber.
Any sealing ring that utilizes a metal garter spring or finger spring to assist in energizing the seal when there is
A depression formed in the head section of the seal. It is generally semicircular in form and serves to accomm
See spring energized seals above.
The outer diameter of an individual helical coil of a garter spring.
The force in pounds required to deflect an expansion joint one inch in compression and elongation or in a late
The portion of the primary lip that restricts the axial movement of the extension spring from a predetermined
A series of indentations or depressions remaining in the spring groove of a radial lip seal after the spring has b
(1) The primary feed channel that runs from the outer face of an injection or transfer mold to mold gate in a si
A mark, usually elevated, left on the surface of an injection or transfer molded part, after removal of the sprue
A type of braiding construction that yields a soft, flexible packing material having a square cross-section. Also r
Cross section diametrical compression of O-ring between bottom surface of the groove and surface of other m
Also known as “Installation Activated”, a squeeze seal relies on the squeeze or compression it achieves at insta
A substance added to a rubber to maintain properties at or near their initial values during its production, proc
1) The combined height of all the rings of a packing set. 2) The combined height of all the components in a stac
Change of colour of a rubber when exposed to light or change of colour in a material in contact with, or adjace
The cure condition of vulcanization relative to that at which optimum physical properties are obtained.
A seal whose sealing surface sees no motion-the opposite of dynamic seal.
The metal rod that connects the internal components of a valve to a handwheel, handle, or actuator.
A method of vulcanizing rubber parts by exposing them directly to steam in a vulcanizer
A type of homogeneous or multi-braided packing used on the stem of a valve to stop leakage.
A seal ring with a step cut groove to match up against a housing machine to fit.
In the papermaking industry, stock is the wet pulp mixture at any point in the papermaking process.
The unit change, due to force (stress), in the size or shape of a body compared to its original size or shape-it is
Tempering through strain. Same as work harden.
The ratio of tensile strength to the weight of a material.
Force per unit of original cross sectional area required to stretch a specimen to a stated elongation.
The decrease in stress after a given time of constant strain.
The relationship of load and deformation in a body under stress. In rubber this is most commonly the relation
In packing applications, strong oxidizers cause the degradation of organic packing materials such as carbon, gr
The space into which compression packing is inserted. Also known as a “Packing Gland”.
A material upon the surface of which an adhesive promoter is applied for any purpose such as bonding or coa
A major part of a system which itself has the characteristics of a system, usually consisting of several compone
The fluid pressure measured on the suction (or inlet) side of the pump where the fluid enters the volute.
An agent responsible for the vulcanisation of some rubbers
Surface deterioration in the form of cracks, checks, or crazing caused by exposure to direct or indirect sunlight
A measure of the roughness of a surface, usually expressed in microinches or micrometers.
The linear speed of a point on the surface of a rotating shaft, usually expressed in FPM or m/sec.
Operating pressure plus the increment above operating pressure that the expansion joint will be subjected to
A Garlock Metallic Gasket style consisting of a winding alone, without a centering ring
The increase in volume or linear dimensions of a specimen immersed in a liquid or exposed to a vapor.
A Garlock Metallic Gasket style consisting of a winding and an inner ring.
Seals used in electrical switching devices to keep moisture out.
A seal that has the same shape on either side of its center line.
A combination of several components or pieces of equipment integrated to perform a specific function.
The ability to adhere to itself; a sticky or adhesive quality.
A compounding material that enhances the ability of vulcanised rubber to adhere to itself or another material.
A commitment by the Product Quality Planning Team that the design can be manufactured, assembled, tested
Resistance to tearing, measured as the force required to tear completely across a specially-designed nicked ru
The maximum load required to tear apart a specified specimen, the load acting substantially parallel to the ma
Packing sets used on telescopic cylinders, each stage having a different diameter.
Lowest temperature at which rubber remains flexible and highest temperature at which it will function.
The capacity of a materiel to resist a force tending to stretch it. Ordinarily the term is used to denote the force
The applied force per unit of original cross sectional area of a specimen.
The tensile stress required to stretch a uniform section of a specimen to a given elongation.
The extension remaining after a specimen has been stretched and allowed to retract.
A polymer formed from three monomer species.
A screen-printing process that applies a coating to the surface of the substrate. The coatings are available in fin
The process of embossing a texture on the surface of graphite foil to achieve better adhesion between layers o
Thermogravimetric Analysis. A test procedure used to determine the thermal stability or composition of a mat
A layer of insulating material designed to reduce the surface temperature at the gas sealing layer to a level com
A measure of the rate at which thermal energy is transferred through a substance. High thermal conductivity i
The repeated heating and cooling of a tank, vessel or piping system. The duration of the cycle can vary tremen
An irreversible change in the properties of a material due to exposure to heat.
The elongation at the moment of rupture.
The increase in volume or length of a material that occurs as a result of a temperature increase.
Movements created within a system caused by a thermal change. Can be axial, lateral, or torsional.
Applied to high polymers which soften by the application of heat and which may be resoftened by heating, pro
A diverse family of rubber-like materials that, unlike conventional vulcanised rubbers, can be processed and re
Rubber that does not require chemical vulcanization and will repeatedly soften when heated and stiffen when
Materials that undergo chemical cross-linking of their molecules when processed, and cannot be softened and
Capable of being changed into a substantially infusible or insoluble product when cured under application of h
Chemically vulcanized rubber that cannot be remelted or remolded without destroying its original characterist
A brand name for a polyurethane hydraulic u-cup seal.
A plan that lists tasks, assignments, events, and timing required to provide a product that meets customer nee
Fine slit widths of metallic foil. Die-formed rings are made from tinsel and used as junk rings, bushings, and in
A rubber cup-shaped part used on the end of a rod or shaft to provide shock resistance or cushioning.
The specification of allowable deviation from exact original (measurable) specifications.
A cylindrical rubber spring consisting of an inner shaft, an outer shell, and a solid layer of rubber of substantia
The twisting of one end of an expansion joint with respect to the other end about its longitudinal axis. Such m
A measure of the low-temperature capability of an elastomer. It is the temperature at which a stretched and fr
A method for evaluating the low temperature characteristics of a vulcanized part by measuring the temperatu
The process of moulding a material by forcing rubber from a reservoir chamber through a gate into the mould
An unsupported adhesive on a liner.
The air that is enclosed in a product or between a mold surface and a product during vulcanization.
The process Involving removal of mold flash.
Damage to the elastomeric portion of the seal during trimming.
The lip diameter in the free state (no spring) developed by knife trimming the molded portion of the sealing el
The angle between the trimmed face of a seal lip and the seal axis.
A “T” shaped rubber sealing ring with harder back-up rings on each side for rod or piston sealing.
The inner ply of the expansion joint that is in direct contact with the system media.
A rubber or plastic cushioning device used to assist spring or cover the outer portion of a coil spring.
A finishing process for removing flash from a molded part by placing in a rotating barrel with or without the ad
U
a type of seal used in a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder. It’s cross section is U-shaped to allow oil to energize th
A “U” shape cup sealing ring designed to seal in one direction along a shaft or rod in a hydraulic or pneumatic
Degree of cure less titan optimum. May be evidenced by tackiness, loginess (lack of snap or resilience), or infer
Underwriters Laboratory’s rating for flame spread.
A generic term for a class of vulcanization accelerators that are very active and are generally used in very smal
A form of energy occupying a position in the spectrum of sunlight beyond the violet, and having wavelengths o
The maximum elongation prior to rupture.
Flash which does not properly adhere to the mating material to which it is intended to be bonded.
The height of a packing set or packing ring before being compressed in the stuffing box.
State of vulcanization less than optimum. It may be evidenced by tackiness or inferior physical properties.
A seal, designed for applications having a single direction of shaft rotation.
A seal assembly in which all components necessary for accomplishing the complete sealing function are retain
In organic compounds the linking of some of the atoms of the molecule by more than one valency bond, ie, do
A “U” shape cup sealing ring designed to seal in one direction along a shaft or rod in a hydraulic or pneumatic
A packing in which the element has a “U”-shaped cross-section.
A compounding material that retards the deterioration caused by sunlight and other UV light sources.
Negative pressure, when a gasket or seal is used to prevent the passage of external media or air into the syste
The part of a two-piece valve that houses the internal workings of the valve. The flanges that attach the valve t
The part of a two-piece valve that attaches to the valve body. It houses the stuffing box and provides support
A PTFE or PTFE disc used on a valve as a seat to provide positive sealing when shut off.
A planned, clean sheet approach to problem solving, focusing on specific product design and process characte
Braided packing used in the stuffing box of a valve stem to make a positive seal.
A PTFE or PTFE disc or ring used on a valve as a seat to provide positive sealing when shut off.
See “Stem”.
Braided packing used in the stuffing box of a valve stem to make a positive seal.
The ability of a flexible connector to absorb mechanical oscillations in the system.
A rubber piece used to eliminate vibration between to components.
Vinyl is cost effective and highly versatile. Vinyl is strong, durable, abrasion and moisture resistant; withstands
A combination of viscous and elastic properties in a material.
The resistance of a material to flow under stress.
Abbreviation for “Volatile Hazardous Air Pollutant”.
Abbreviation for vinyl methyl silicone.
Abbreviation for “Volatile Organic Compound”.
Customer feedback both positive and negative including likes, dislikes, problems and suggestions.
Statistical data that is feedback to the people in the process to make decisions about the process stability and/
The absence of material or an area devoid of materials where not intended.
Costs calculated on the basis of unit volume rather than unit weight. (See Pound Volume.)
Increase in physical size caused by the swelling action of a liquid.
The internal area (housing) of a centrifugal pump where the fluid comes in contact with the impeller.
A revolutionary spiral gasket design that eliminates radial buckling at the source. Patented gasket design redir
Heat induced process whereby the long chains of the rubber molecules become cross-linked by a vulcanising a
A compounding material that produces cross-linking in rubbers.
Rubber in its cured or vulcanized state.
A splice that is bonded with heat and pressure.
Any material which can produce in rubber the change in physical properties known as vulcanization, such as s
An irreversible process during which a rubber compound through a change in its chemical structure (for exam
W
Round, flat rings used as spacers, gaskets or slip devices under the head of a bolt.
The increase in weight and volume after immersion in water.
The ability to withstand swelling by water for a specified time and temperature.
Strips of abrasion resistant plastic, PTFE or PTFE material – Wear rings, guide rings, uiding rings, bearing rings f
The surface deterioration of a rubber article during outdoor exposure, such as cracking, crazing, or chalking.
A minute amount of liquid leakage by a seal.
A baffle that is designed to be welded to the duct wall. This design can be either single or double acting type.
A fire resistant blanket that is placed over the expansion joint to protect it from weld splatter during field weld
See Knit line
Completeness of contact between particles dispersed in a medium, such as carbon black rubber.
Round rollers to provide easy movement of a machine or component.
Deflection of a shaft (usually on a mixer or pump) due to a rotating mechanical load. A long shaft that is not su
Leakage through a gasket, not around it.
Also, called a wiper ring – A ring which rides tight against a rod, with a sharp lip to scrape or wipe off excess oil
A product containing wire(s) to give added strength, increased dimensional stability or crush resistance.
The maximum operating pressure encountered during normal service.
A vulcanizing process using a tensioned wrapper (usually fabric tape) to apply external pressure.
Also called quad rings or quatro rings, rubber rings of a special shape used to replace o-rings and eliminate th
Abbreviation for carboxylated nitrile rubber.
Resilience as measured on a Yerzley oscillograph, determined by dividing the vertical height of the rebound of
The minimum design seating stress in either psi or megapascals over the contacted area of a particular gasket
Generic term for continuous strands of textile fibers or filaments in a form suitable for weaving or otherwise in
The length of a packing material of a specified weight (Ft/ Lb). The inverse of this value (Lb/Ft) is also sometime
The load or stress at which a marked increase in the deformation of the sheet occurs without increasing the ap
The stress at which a material exhibits a specified deviation from a linear proportionality between load and elo
The ratio of normal stress to corresponding stress or compressive stresses below the proportional limit of the
Accelerators of vulcanization do not always exert their full influence unless the rubber mixture contains substa
A type of material used to make guide rings, wear rings, bearings or seals.
ve Inhibitor”.
which it has come into contact.
rs (phenolic), described as non-staining, are used in white or light-colored goods.
her type of aramid fiber.

product of natural rubber and acrylonitrile, polymers containing diisocyanates, are all used.
with styrene it yields SBR or GR-S; with acrylonitrile the various Buna N or nitrile synthetic rubbers are obtained.
osion” is so rapid that it may be heard as a rumbling noise or felt as vibration. The forces generated as a result of cavitati
erials of construction.
values or derivatives of these values. A complete color standard definition will usually include painted panels representa
The coefficient of volume expansion for liquids is the ratio of the change in volume per degree to the volume at 0 Celsiu
ents of which, however, may not all be chemically combined and is therefore more of a physical mixture.
eight or compressive force is placed on the specimen and the resulting deflection is measured and recorded.
erature. Method a measures compression set of vulcanized rubber under constant load. Method B employs constant defl
ugh a liquid salt or bead bath at 204°C (400°F) at atmospheric pressure.
a pickled product.
und crosssection.
ow temperature flexibility and heat resistance.
Cut Outs – The spaces or holes designated in the label. This material is punched and removed during the manufacturing
oss a broad range of chemical services.

me time have part of its length in a crystalline, and the remainder in an amorphous region.
king and finishing practices.
aging at room temperature, it gains strength from work-hardening during fabrication and from carbon-aging during paint
here are different intended uses.
gle knife cut to the release liner between labels, known at LustreCal as a strip die. The other basic format is a multiple die
ir of rubber products (tyre tread cut-filling) and the splicing of belting.
ns are set by ASTM standards.
and special scale indicate the resistance to penetration 01. “Hardness”. The scale reads from zero (0) to 100, zero (0) being
ellants are used in the process.
arc exceedingly useful in characterizing a particular compound, since by indicating the position and shape of the stress- c
moment of rupture, usually expressed as percentage of the original length.

t and appears on both surfaces it is a true embossed surface.
g and is suitable for critical forming applications.

parted by the rolling operation. Most Extra-Smooth sheet is intended for either prepainted or post painted applications.
wn into a pump in a suction application.
rent flows between the two materials. The least noble material (called the anode) will corrode, while the more noble mat
erials. Some gaskets are made from a combination of metal and fibrous materials and some are all metal. An o-ring, while
urce, the angle of viewing of the gloss and the angular dispersions of the measuring beams.
terms of feet or meters of liquid.
other temperature flows within the tubes, thus allowing thermal energy to exchange without cross-contamination of the
(hexane, benzene) or solid (natural rubber, naphthalene, cis-polybutadiene).
led, as may be the rotor

ranged for water-cooling, and is provided with a feeding hopper which can be closed by means of a pneumatically operat
acturers have different names for this braiding method.

uid urethanes reacting in the mold at room temperature. also called LRM, or liquid reaction molding.
e outside lip surface.
te. The length of the specimen is measured at regular temperature intervals while it is retracting.
onate and/or magnesium hydroxide. It has a fine particle size and a bulk factor of 10 to 30 pds. Per cubic ft. Used chiefly
dants, color, etc…
lls are smooth and revolve with differential speed. For creeping and washing rubber, mills have scored or fluted rolls and
red after a specified period of time and compared to the original template dimension.
ing of the rubber after all ingredients are in, and (4) removing the mixed compound from the mill in sheets.
2 rpm). The resistance offered by the plastic rubber mass to the rotation of the rotor disc is the measure of the plasticity
nce is reduced.
trade names are Chemigum, Krynac, Nipol, Hycar, and Paracril. The Germans first produced the nitrile rubbers and called
mical rates of reaction.
at lower cost.
ene, from butane, having two (-di-) sets of double bonds.)
) which are placed in the autoclave for cure. Some tubing arid shaped products are placed on pans for extra curing.
may continuously decrease. Therefore it is impossible to choose any one time of cure at which every property will be at its
ere, which results in a cracked condition.
gths and then cut to size to fit a shaft. For hydraulic applications, v-shaped fabric reinforced rubber rings are used. Early h
vanic Corrosion”. Compare with “Active Inhibitor”.
set. Permanent set is dependent on quality and type of rubber, degree and type of filler loading, state of vulcanization, a
l services.
5. In the case of vulcanized rubber, pure gum, having practically no volume change on extension, shows a ratio of approx
ation may be via emulsion (SBR, nitrile), ionic (butyl), solution (EPDM, cis-polyisoprene), suspension or bulk (PVC) processe
al axial extension.
erial failures can occur.
(elastomer, carbon black, filler, antioxidants, plasticizers, sulfur, etc.) and runs approximately 50% rubber hydrocarbon.
sile strength Certain grades of furnace blacks are the most important reinforcing agents for black stocks. For light-colore
rebound (Bashore, Lupke).
alicylic acid.
. Natural rubber, butyl, polysulfide and epichlorobydrin polymers exhibit this effect (extreme reversion may result in tack
the rubbers “revert” to an unvulcanized then to a non-polymeric condition.
ocating applications. The generally higher degree of frictional heating combined with the fact it is concentrated in one ar
olymer after the rotation has caused it to cover all surfaces.
A rubber in its modified state, free of diluents, retracts within 1 minute to less than 1.5 times its original length after bein
y 100% positive). Seal rings can be u-shaped, v-shaped, o-shaped, metal inserted, radial lipped, multiple lipped or a simple
brasion from solids or particles in the stream.
aft from wear.
long enough to allow leakage. This cycle repeats itself continuously and is normally associated with non-lubricated and b
n dynamic applications, it is characterized by a high wear rate and friction.
er square inch or kilos per square centimeter of original cross-sectional area, supported at the moment of rupture by a pi
of an overlay from scratches.
men with time at a fixed temperature.

tallize. The specimen is stretched at room temperature, cooled to very low temperature, released and warmed at a unifo
ce. Their action accelerates deterioration of rubber pats exposed to them and can initiate polymerization.
es of facilities and tooling money.
ging from opaque to crystal-clear.
flanges. Currently available as Garlock EDGE® gasket.
eater range of temperature.

t specimen, and it is the load that is commensurate with the point beyond the elastic limit at which the specimen lengthe
oluble soap.
bers are obtained.
rated as a result of cavitation may damage the impeller or even the packing set.
painted panels representative of the limits of acceptable deviation from the precise standard color as well.
e to the volume at 0 Celsius.
al mixture.
and recorded.
od B employs constant deflection.

during the manufacturing process.
carbon-aging during paint-baking. (Sometimesreferred to as “bake hardenable.”)
asic format is a multiple die with space between cavities, known at LustreCal as an individual units die. The space between
ro (0) to 100, zero (0) being very soft and 100 being very hard. The Type D durometer has a sharp indentor point and is u
and shape of the stress- curve. They show the relative toughness of the vulcanization.
post painted applications.
while the more noble material (the cathode) will not.
e all metal. An o-ring, while not flat is also referred to as a gasket at times.
ross-contamination of the products.
of a pneumatically operated, vertical ram. Leading examples are the Banbury, the Boiling and the Shaw mixers.
. Per cubic ft. Used chiefly in neoprene stocks. (c)Extra light calcined: Prepared similarly by calcinations of magnesium car
e scored or fluted rolls and differential speeds and may be equipped to spray the rubber with water. Mills with even-spee
mill in sheets.
e measure of the plasticity of the rubber. The machine is also used to determine the scorch characteristics of rubber mixe
e nitrile rubbers and called them Buna N and Perbunan.

pans for extra curing.
very property will be at its optimum, hence optimum cure is a compromise and may be considered as that time required
bber rings are used. Early hydraulic packings were made from leather. For a rubber o-ring, that particular item can be fou
ng, state of vulcanization, and amount of deformation.

n, shows a ratio of approximately 0.5 for small deformations; compounded rubber may increase in volume on extension
sion or bulk (PVC) processes.
0% rubber hydrocarbon.
ack stocks. For light-colored stocks, calcium silicate, precipitated calcium carbonates, silica and clay are the most common
eversion may result in tackiness). Most other polymers will harden and suffer loss of elongation on hot air aging.
t is concentrated in one area, sometimes lead to heat-related seal problems.
s original length after being stretched at room temperature (18 to 29oC) twice its length and held for 1 minute before rel
multiple lipped or a simple flat ring.

with non-lubricated and boundary-lubricated conditions.
moment of rupture by a piece of rubber being elongated at a constant rate.
sed and warmed at a uniform rate.
merization.
hich the specimen lengthens considerably without an additional increase in load.
olor as well.
nits die. The space between cavities allows for cutting down to individual units. A single cavity die is an individual unit’s die
rp indentor point and is used to measure varying degrees of hard rubber up to ebonite.
the Shaw mixers.
nations of magnesium carbonate, but with a bulk factor of 4 to 6 pds. Per cubic ft. Used chiefly in neoprene stocks.
water. Mills with even-speed rolls are occasionally used for different purposes. Mills are corridor hollow and equipped for
racteristics of rubber mixes.
ered as that time required obtaining the combination of properties most desirable for the article under consideration.
particular item can be found called a seal, a gasket and a packing ring - even in U.S. government technical specifications
se in volume on extension, consequently the ratio drops below 0.5. For rubber the ratio is constant only for small extensi
clay are the most commonly used?
n on hot air aging.

eld for 1 minute before release.
ie is an individual unit’s die.
in neoprene stocks.
r hollow and equipped for internal heating with steam or cooling with water.
cle under consideration.
nt technical specifications dating back 50 years
tant only for small extensions.
A Neoprene Buna-N/ Nitrile
Absolute Alcohol A A
Acetal - -
Acetaldehyde C D
Acetamide B A
Acetate of Lime B B
Acetate Solvents D D
Acetic Acid (See Specific Concentration) - -
Acetic Acid - 5% A B
Acetic Acid - 10% 1.8 BE B B
Acetic Acid - 20% B B
Acetic Acid - 30% 5.4 BE B B
Acetic Acid - 50% 7.9 BE C C
Acetic Acid - 99.5% Glacial D C
Acetic Acid - Dilute 10% B B
Acetic Acid - Common C C
Acetic Acid Glacial 99.5% D C
Acetic Acid - Hot, High Pressure D D
Acetic Acid, Anhydride B C
Acetic Aldehyde C D
Acetic Anhydride B C
Acetic Ester D D
Acetic Ether D D
Acetic Oxide B C
Acetidino D D
Acetoacetic Acid D D
Acetoacetic Ester D D
Acetoacetic Ether D D
Acetol - -
Acetone C D
Acetone Carboxylic Acid (See Acetic Acid) - -
Acetone Cyanhydrin B D
Acetonic B D
Acetonitrile A C
Acetophenone D D

Acetyl Acetic Acid D D
Acetyl Acetone D D
Acetyl Acetonic D D
Acetyl Benzene D D
Acetyl Chloride D D
Acetyl Oxide B C
Acetyl Propane D D
Acetylene B A
Acetylene Dichloride D D
1, 2-Acetylene Dichloride D D
Acetylene Tetrabromide B D
Acetylene Terachloride D D
Acid Of Milk B C
Acid Potassium Carbonate A A
Acid Potassium Tartrate A A
Acrolein - B
Acryimid B A
Acrylic Aldehyde - B
Acrylonitrile D D
Active Amyl Alcohol B A
Adeps B A
Adeps Minerals B A
Adipic Acid (Adipinic Acid) D B
Adipic Ketone (Adipic Acid Ketone) - D
Adipinketone - D
Aero Lubriplate A A
Aerosafe-2300 D D
Aerosafe-2300W D D
Aero Shell-IAC B A
Aero Shell-7A Grease B A
Aero Shell-17 Grease B A
Aero Shell-750 D B
Aerozene 50 (50% Hydrazine 50% UDMH) D C

Aether Bromatus D C
Aethylium Bromatus D C
Aethylium Chloratus B B
Agal-Agar B B
Agar B B
Agar-Agar B B
Agricultural Lime A A
Air A A
Air - 200 Deg. F A A
Air - 300 Deg. F B B
Air - 400 Deg. F D D
Air - 500 Deg. F D D
Air Gas B A
Air-Slaked Lime A A
Airshow - B
Alcohol A A
Alcohol-Absolute A A
Alcohol-Aliphatic A A
Alcohol-Aromatic C C
Alcohol-Dehydrated A A
Alcohol-Denatured A A
Alcohol-Ethyl A A
Alcohol-Grain A A
Alcohol-Methyl A A
Alcohol Ether C C
Alcohol Of Vinegar B C
Aldehyde C D
Alkanes - A
Alicyclic Hydrocarbon D B
Aliphatic Hydrocarbon B A
Aliphatic Naphta D C
Alk-Tri - D
Alkazene D D

Allyl Alcohol A A
Allyl Aldehyde - B
Allyl Bromide D D
Allyl Chloride D D
Allyl Phenyl Methyl Ether D D
Allyl Trichloride - D
Almond Oil, Artificial D D
Alpha Chlorpropylene D D
Alpha Chlorotolune D D
Alpha Hydroxpropionic Acid B B
Alpha Hydroxtoluene D D
Alum A A
Aluminum Acetate B B
Aluminum Acetate Solution B B
Aluminum Ammonium Sulfate B B
Aluminum Bromide A A
Aluminum Chloride A A
Aluminum Fluoride A A
Aluminum Formate - D
Aluminum Hydroxide A B
Aluminum Nitrate A A
Aluminum Phosphate A A
Aluminum Potassium Sulfate A A
Aluminum Salts A A
Aluminum Sodium Sulfate A A
Aluminum Sulfate (Sulphate) A B
Alums-NH3-Cr-K A A
Ambrex 33 Mobil B A
Ambrex 830-Mobil B A
American Ashes A A
Amines, Mixed B D
Aminic Acid A C
Amino Benzene D D

Amino Ethanol B B
2-Amino Ethanol B B
Amino Ethyl Ethanol Amine - B
Amino Hexane - C
Amino Methane A B
Amino Oxylene D D
1-Amino Pentane D C
Amino Sulfonic Acid A B
Amino Toluene - D
Ammo-Phos. A A
Ammonia-Anhydrous (Liquid) A B
Ammonia-Crystal A A
Ammonia Alum B B
Ammonia Cupric Sulfate - A
Ammonia Gas, Cold A A
Ammonia Gas, Hot B D
Ammonia and Lithium in solution - B
Ammonia Water B C
Ammoniak A A
Ammoniated Citric Acid B B
Ammoniated Latex A B
Ammonium Acetate A -
Ammonium Acid Fluoride D B
Ammonium Alum B B
Ammonium Bicarbonate A A
Ammonium Bichromate A A
Ammonium Bifluoride - 10% D B
Ammonium Carbonate B D
Ammonium Chloride A A
Ammonium Chloride, 2N A A
Ammonium Chromic Sulfate A A
Ammonium Dichromate A A
Ammonium Diphosphate A A

Ammonium Fluoride Acid D B
Ammonium Hydrogen Fluoride D B
Ammonium Hydrate - 38% A A
Ammonium Hydroxide B C
Ammonium Hydroxide, Concent. A D
Ammonium Hydroxide, 3 Molar A A
Ammonium Hyposulfite A A
Ammonium Metaphosphate B B
Ammonium Muriate A A
Ammonium Nitrate B A
Ammonium Nitrate, 2N A A
Ammonium Nitrite A B
Ammonium Persulfate A D
Ammonium Persulfate-Solution A D
Ammonium Persulfate-10% A D
Ammonium Phosphate A A
Ammonium Phosphate, Dibasic A A
Ammonium Phosphate, Monobasic A A
Ammonium Phosphate, Tribasic A A
Ammonium Rhodanate A A
Ammonium Salts A A
Ammonium Sulfate A B
Ammonium Sulfide A A
Ammonium Sulfite - A
Ammonium Sulphate A B
Ammonium Thiocyanate A A
Ammonium Thiosulfate A A
Amoil - D
Amorphous White Powder B B
Amyl Acetate D D
Amyl Acetic Ester D D
Amyl Acetone - D
Amyl Acid Phosphate D -

Amyl Amine D C
Amyl Borate A A
Amyl Bromide D D
Amyl Carbinol B A
Amyl Chloride D D
Amyl Chloronapthalene D D
Amyl Ether D B
Amyl Hydrate B B
Amyl Hydride A A
Amyl Iodide D D
Amyl Napthalene D D
Amyl Oleate - A
Amyl Phenol - D
Amyl Phthalate - D
Amylene A C
Anderol, L-774 (Di-Ester) D B
Anethol D D
Anethole (Anethol) D D
Ang-25 (Glyceral Ester) B B
Ang-25 (Di-Ester Base) (TG749) D B
Anhydrous Ammonia A B
Anhydrous Copper Cloride B A
Anhydrous Hydrazine B D
Anhydrous Hydrogen Fluoride - D
Aniline D D
Aniline, Light C D
Aniline Chloride D C
Aniline Dyes B C
Aniline Hydrochloride D C
Aniline Oils D D
Aniline Salts D C

Animal Gelatin A A
Animal Glue A A
Animal Glycerin - A
Animal Grease B A
Animal Oils (Lard Oil) B A
Anise Camphor D D
AN-0-3 Grade M B A
AN-0-6 B A
AN-0-366 B A
Anodynon B B
Ansul Ether D C
Ansul Ether 161 or 181 D C
Ant Oil C D
Antichlor A A
Antimonic Chloride D D
Antimonous Chloride - A
Antimony Chlorides - B
Antimony Pentachloride D D
Antimony Trichloride - A
AN-VV-0-366b Hydraulic Fluid B A
Apple Acid B A
Aqua Ammonia B B
Aqua Regia D D
Arachidonic Acid D B
Arachis Oil C A
Argenti Nitras A B
Argon D C
Arochlor(s) D D
Aroclor, 1248 D C
Aroclor, 1254 D D
Aroclor, 1260 A A
Aromatic Fuel-50% D B
Aromatic Hydrocarbons D C

Aromatic Tar - C
Aromatic Vinegar B C
Aro-Tox Spray C C
Arquads - A
Arsenic Acid B B
Arsenic Butter B C
Arsenic Chloride B C
Arsenic Trichloride B C
Arsenous Chloride B C
Arsenous Trichloride A C
Artificial Oil Of Bitter Almonds D D
Artificial Vinegar B C
Aryl Hydroxides B D
Askarel D B
Asphalt B A
ASTM-Ref: Fuel A B A
ASTM-Ref: Fuel B D A
ASTM-Ref: Fuel C D B
ASTM-Ref: #1 Oil A A
ASTM-Ref: #2 Oil B A
ASTM-Ref: #3 Oil C A
ASTM-Ref: #4 Oil D B
Astral Oil B A
ATL-857 D B
Atlantic Dominion F B A
Atlantic Utro Gear-EP Lube B A
Aurex 903R-Mobile B A
Auricome A B
Australene C B
Automatic Transmission Fluid B A
Automotive Brake Fluid B C
Aviation Gasoline C A
Azole's (Azole) D D
B Neoprene Buna-N/ Nitrile

Baking Soda A A
Banana Oil D D
Banks Oil B B
Bardol "B" D D
Barium Carbonate A A
Barium Chloride A A
Barium Hydrate A A
Barium Hydroxide A A
Barium Monohydrate A A
Barium Monosulfide A A
Barium Octahydrate A A
Barium Salts A A
Barium Sulfate A A
Barium Sulfide A A
Barium Sulphide A A
Basic Iron Sulfate A A
Bayol D B A
Bayol 35 B A
Beer A C
Beet Sugar A A
Beet Sugar Liquors A A
Bengal Gelatin B B
Bengal Isinglass B B
Benzal Chloride - D
Benzalcohol C D
Benzaldehyde D D
Benzene (Benzol) D D
Benzene Carbonal D D
Benzene Carbonyl Chloride D D
Benzene Carboxylic Acid C D
Benzene Methylal D D
Benzene Sulfonic Acid B C
Benzene Sulfonic Acid-10% B D
Benzidam D D
Benzin B A

Benzine B A
Benzine Solvent (Ligroin) B A
Benzocarbolic Acid D D
Benzochloride D D
Benzoic Acid C D
Benzoic Aldehyde D D
Benzol (German) D D
Benzol Hydride D D
Benzole (French) D D
Benzoline B A
Benzophenid D D
Benzophenol D D
Benzophenone - -
Benzotrichloride - D
Benzoyl Benzene - -
Benzoyl Chloride D D
Benzoyl Hydride D D
Benzyl Acetate - D
Benzyl Alcohol C D
Benzyl Benzoate D D
Benzyl Chloride D D
Betula Oil D D
Biborate Of Soda A B
Bicarbonate Of Soda A A
Bichloride Of Mercury B A
Bichromate Of Soda - -
Biphenyl D D
Biphenyl Oxides D D
Biphenyl Phthalate - D
Birch Oil D D
Bizmuth Carbonate - A
Bismuth Subcarbonate - A
Bizmuthyl Carbonate - A
Black Ash A A
Black Liquor B B
Black Liquor - Waste B B
Black Point 77 C A
Black Sulfate Liquor B B
Blanc Fixe, Synthetic A A
Blast Furnace Gas C C
Bleach Liquor D -
Bleach Solutions C D
Bleaching Powder D C
Blown Linseed Oil B A
Blue Copperas A A
Blue Jack A A
Blue Salts A A
Blue Stone A A
Blue Vitrol A A
Boghead Naphtha C A
Boiled Linseed Oil B A
Boletic Acid - D
Bone Oil B A
Bone Tar - A
Boracic Acid A A
Borax B B
Borax Decahydrate B A
Bordeaux Mixture B B
Boric Acid A A
Boron Fluids (HEF) D B
Brake Fluid - Automotive B C
Brake Fluid - Delco B C
Brake Fluid - Girling B C
Brake Fluid - Mopar B C
Brake Fluid - Non-Petroleum B C
Brake Fluid - Vegetable B B
Brandol C C

Bray GG-130 D B
Brayco 719-R B C
Brayco 885 D B
Brayco 910 B B
Bret 710 B B
Brine A A
Brom-113 D C
Brom-114 B B
Bromallyene D D
Bromic Ether D C
Bromine D D
Bromine-Anhydrous D D
Bromine-Gas D D
Bromine Pentafluoride D D
Bromine Trifluoride D D
Bromine Water B D
Bromo Benzene D D
Bromo Chloro Methane D D
Bromo Chloro Trifluoro Ethane D D
Bromo Ethane D C
Bromo Ethylene D D
Bromo Methane D C
N. - 1 - Bromo Pentane D D
Bromo Toluene - D
Bronzing Liquid D D
Brown Acetate B B
Bruceite B B
Budium - -
Bunker C C A
Bunker Oil C A
Burnt Alum A A
Burnt Ash A B
Burnt Lime A A

Burow's Solution B B
Butadiene B D
Butadiene (Monomer) B D
Butanal (Butal) C D
Butane A A
Butane-2, 2-Dimethyl B A
Butane-2, 3-Dimethyl B A
Cis-Butanedioic Acid B D
Butanoic Acid C D
Butanol (Butyl Alcohol) A A
1-Butanol A A
Butanol-2 B B
Butanone D D
2-Butanone D D
Butarol B B
1-Butene A -
1-Butene, 2-Ethyl C A
Cis-Butenedioic Anhydride D D
Butone B A
Butoxyethanol C C
2-Butoxyethanol C C
Butter (Animal Fat) B A
Butter Of Antimony - A
Butter Of Tin A A
Butter Of Zinc B B
Buttercup Yellow - -
Butyl Acetate D D
n-Butyl Acetate D D
Butyl Acetate Ricinoleate D D
Butyl Aceto Acetate - D
Butyl Acetyl Ricinoleate C C
Butyl Acrylate D D
Butyl Alcohol A A
Butyl Alcohol-Normal A A

Butyl Alcohol-Secondary A A
Butyl Aldehyde C D
Butyl Amine D C
Butyl Amine Of N-Butyl Amine D C
Butyl Benzene - D
Butyl Benzoate D D
Butyl Benzyl Phthalate - D
Butyl Bromide - D
Butyl Butyrate D D
n-Butyl, n-Butrate D -
Butyl Carbitol B C
Butyl Cellosolve C C
Butyl Cellosolve Adipate D D
Butyl Chloride - D
Butyl Ether C B
Butyl Ethyl Acetaldehyde - D
Butyl Ethyl Ether - B
Butyl Formate D D
Butyl Hydrate A A
Butyl Hydride A A
Butyl Hydroxide A A
Butyl Iodide D D
Butyl Methyl Ketone - -
Butyl Oleate D D
Butyl Oxide C B
Butyl Phthalate - D
Butyl Stearate D B
Butyl Tertiary Alcohol A A
Butylene C B
Butyraldehyde C D
Butyric Acid C D
Butyric Alcohol B B
Butyric Anhydride - C
Butyrone - D
Butyronitrile D D
C Neoprene Buna-N/ Nitrile

Cacao Butter B D
Cadmium Acetate - D
Cadmium Cyanide A -
Cajeputene D B
Cake Alum A A
Calamine B B
Calcine Liquors - A
Calcined Magnesia A -
Calcined Potash A B
Calcium Acetate B B
Calcium Aluminate - A
Calcium Bichromate - -
Calcium Bisulfate A A
Calcium Bisulfite A A
Calcium Bisulphite A A
Calcium Carbonate A A
Calcium Chlorate A A
Calcium Chloride A A
Calcium Cyanide A A
Calcium Fluorphosphate A -
Calcium Hydrate A A
Calcium Hydroxide (Caustic Lime) A A
Calcium Hypochloride D D
Calcium Hypochlorite D D
Calcium Monoxide A A
Calcium Nitrate A B
Calcium Oxide A A
Calcium Oxychloride - 15% D C
Calcium Phosphate B A
Calcium Salts A A
Calcium Silicate A A
Calcium Silico-Aluminate D D
Calcium Sulfate A A

Calcium Sulfhydrate - A
Calcium Suflide B A
Calcium Sulfite A A
Calcium Thiosulfate A B
Calcyanide A A
Caliche B B
Caliche Liquors B B
Calx A A
Candol B A
Cane Sugar A A
Cane Sugar Liquors A A
Caprillic Acid - C
Caproic Aldehyde C D
Caproxyl Alcohol D D
Caproyl Alcohol B B
Caproyl Hydride B A
Capryl Acetate - D
Capryl Alcohol B A
Caprylic Acid - C
Caprylic Alcohol B B
Caprylic Aldehyde - D
Carbamate B C
Carbamide B B
Carbazotic Acid C C
Carbinol A A
Carbitol B B
Carbitol Acetate - C
Carbolate D D
Carbolic Acid D D
Carbolic Acid, Phenol D D
Carbon Bisulfide D D
Carbon Dioxide - Wet or Dry B A
Carbon Disulfide D D

Carbon Monoxide B A
Carbon Monoxide (Hot) C C
Carbon Tetrabromide D D
Carbon Tetrachloride D C
Carbon Tetrafluoride D D
Carbonic Acid A B
n-Carbonic Acid A B
Carbonic Acid Gas B A
Carbonic Anhydride B A
Carboxy Benzene B -
Carboxy Ethane D D
Carboxy Methyl Chloride D D
Carrene D D
Casein (Casymen) A A
Casing Head Gasoline - A
Castor Oil A A
Caustic-Baryta A A
Caustic-Lime A A
Caustic-Potash B C
Caustic-Soda B C
Cellosize - D
Cellosolve D D
Cellosolve Acetate D D
Cellosolve Butyl C C
Celluguard A A
Cellulose Acetate B B
Cellulube A60 (Now Fyrquel) D D
Cellulube 90,100,150,220,300,500 D D
Cellulube Hydraulic Fluids D D
Cellutherm 2505A D B
Cetane (Hexadecane) B A
Cetylic Acid B A
Ceylon Gelatin B B

Chile Niter (Nitre) B B
Chile Nitrate B C
Chile Salt Peter B B
China Bean Oil B A
China Wood Oil (Tung Oil) B A
Chinese Bean Oil B A
Chinese Gelatin B B
Chinese Wood Oil B A
Chloracetic Acid D D
Chlorallyene D D
Chloratus B B
2 Chlorethanol B D
Chlorextol B B
Chloride Of Lime D C
Chlorinated Diphenyl C B
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons D D
Chlorinated Hydrochloric Ether D D
Chlorinated Lime- 35% D C
Chlorinated Salt Brine D D
Chlorinated Solvents (Wet Or Dry) D D
Chlorinated Tar Camphor D D
Chlorine (Dry) C D
Chlorine (wet) D D
Chlorine Agueon - -
Chlorine Dioxide D D
Chlorine Dioxide, 8% C1 as NaClO2 D D
Chlorine Gas, Dry C C
Chlorine Gas, Wet D C
Chlorine Peroxide D D
Chlorine Trifluoride D D
Chlorine Water - 3% C B
Chlorine Water - Saturated D C
Chloro Acetic Acid C D

Chloro Aceto Nitrile C C
Chloro Allyene D D
Chloro Azotic Acid D D
Chloro Benzal - D
x-Chloro Benzaldehyde D D
Chloro Bezene D D
Chlorobenzene, Mono D D
Chloro Benzol D D
Chloro Bromo Methane D D
Chloro Butadiene D D
2 Chloro 1, 3-Butadiene D D
Chloro Butane (Chlorobutanol) - D
1-Chloro-2, 3-Epoxypropane D D
Chlorododecane D D
Chloro Ethane B B
Cloro Ethanoic Acid C D
Chloro Ethanol B D
Chloro Ethene D D
Chloro Ethyl Alcohol B D
Chloro Ethyl Benzene D D
Chloro Form D D
2-Chloro-1-Hydroxy Ethane B D
Chloro Methane (Chloromethyl) D D
0-Chloro Napthalene D D
1-Chloro 1-Nitro Ethane D D
ChloroPentane D D
n-1-Chloro Pentane D D
Chloro Phenic Acid D D
0-Chloro Phenol D D
Chloro Prene D D
Chloro Propanone - D
Chloro Propene D D
3-Chloro Propene D D
Chloro Propylene D D

Chloro Propylene Oxide D D
Chlorosulfonic Acid D D
Chloro Thene - D
Chloro Ttoluene D D
x-Chloro Toluene D D
Chloro Trifluoro Ethylene - D
Chlorox B B
Chrome Alum A A
Chrome Ammonium Alum A A
Chrome Plating Solutions D D
Chromic Acid D D
Chromic Acid - To 25% D D
Chromic Acid - Over 25% D D
Chromic Acid - 50% D D
Chromic Oxide - 88WT % Aqeous D D
Chromicoat D -
Chromium Ammonium Sulfate A A
Chromium Potassium Sulfate A A
Chrysolepic Acid A B
Cinene D B
Cinnamene D D
Circo Light Process oil B A
Citric Acid A B
Citric Acid-Ammoniated B B
Citrous Oils D C
City Service-Koolmotor,AP Gear Oil B A
140-EP Lube
City Service-Pacemake#2 B A
City Service-#65, #120, #250 B A
Cleaners Naptha D B
Coal Oil B A
Coal Tar- Bituminious C C
Coal Tar-Creosote B A
Coal Tar Naphtha (Naptha) D C
Cobalt Chloride A A

Cobalt Chloride, 2N A A
Cocoa Butter B D
Coconut Oil (Butter) B A
Coconut Oil (Butter) B A
Cod Liver Oil B B
Coffee A A
Codol Ye A A
Coke Oven Gas C C
Cole Oil B B
Coliche Liquors A B
Colla A A
Cologne Sprits A A
Colonial Sprit A A
Columbian Spirits A A
Colza Oil B B
Common Alum A A
Common Salt A A
Convelex 10 D D
Coolanol-Monsanto A A
Cooanol 25 & 45-Monsanto A A
Copper Acetate B B
Copper Arsenate, Basic A A
Copper Chloride (Cupric Chloride) B A
Copper Chloride- Anhydrous B A
Copper Cyanide B A
Copper Hydrate - B
Copper Hydroxide - B
Copper Lasur - A
Copper Nitrate A A
Copper Nitrite - A
Copper Salts A A
Copper Suflate A A
Copper Sulfate-10% A A
Copper Sulfate-50% A A

Copper Sulfide - A
Copper Sulphate A A
Copperas Ferrous Sulfate A A
Copra B B
Corn Oil C A
Corn Syrup (Sugar) B B
Corrosive Mercury Chloride A A
Corrosive Sublimate A A
Cosmolin B A
Cottonseed Oil B A
Creosol D C
Creosylic Acid D B
Cresol (Cresol's) D C
Cresote C B
Creosote-Coal Tar B A
Creosote-Wood Tar B A
Cresyl Alcohol D C
Cresyl Hydrate D C
Cresylic Acid D C
Crotanaldehyde - D
Crude Petroleum (Oil) B A
Cryolite A B
Cryolite-10% A B
Cryscoate-F.H. Rinse D -
Cryscoat-H.C. D -
Cryscoat-L.T. & S.W. D -
Crystal Aerugo B B
Crystal Ammonia A A
Crystalline or Zinc Vitirol A A
Crystals Of Venus B B
Cubic Niter B B
Cubic Saltpeter B C
Cubnic B C
C-D Neoprene Buna-N/ Nitrile

Cupric Acetate B B
Cupric Arsenate A A
Cupric Carbonate - A
Cupric Chloride B A
Cupric Cyanide B A
Cupric Hydroxide - B
Cupric Nitrate A A
Cupric Nitite - A
Cupric Sulfate A A
Cupric Sulfide - A
Cupric Sulphate A A
Cutting Oil B A
Cyanic Acid, Powdered A A
Cyanomethane A C
Cyclo Hexane C A
Cyclo Hexanol B B
Cyclo Hexanone D D
Cyclo Hexatriene D D
Cyclo Hexene B A
Cyclo Pentane A B
Cyclo Pentanol - B
Cyclopentanone - D
P-Cymene D D
Danforth's Oil C A
D.B.P. D D
D.D.T. In deoderized Kerosene C C
Decahydronapthalene D D
Decalin (Deklin) D D
Decanal - D
Decane C B
Decanol D A
1-Decanol D A
Decatyl Alcohol D A
Decyl Butyl Phtalate - D
D Neoprene Buna-N/ Nitrile

Degreasing Fluid D D
Dehydrated Alcohol A A
Deionized Water A B
Dekalin D D
Delco Brake Fluid B C
Delrin D D
Denatured Alcohol A A
Dental Gas - A
Detergent-Water Solutinos B A
Deuterium Oxide B A
Developing Fluids & Solutions A A
Dextron B A
Dextronic Acid - C
Dextrose A A
Diacetic Acid D D
Diacetic Ester D D
Diacetic Ether D D
Diacetone D D
Diacetone Alcohol C D
Diacetyl Acetic Acid D D
Diamidogen C C
Diamine (Diamidogen) C C
Diamino Ethane A A
Diammonium Orthophosphate A A
Diamyl Amine - B
Diamyl Napthalene - D
Diamyl Phenol - D
Diamylene - C
Diatol D D
Diazinon C C
Dibenzyl Ether D D
Dibenzyl Sebecate D D
Dibromo Benzene - D
1,2-Dibromo Ethane D D
Dibromo Ethyl Benzene D D

Dibromo Methane D D
Dibutyl - A
Dibutyl Acetate D -
Dibutyl Amine D C
Dibutyl Ether D C
Dibutyl Phthalate D D
Dibutyl Sebecate D D
Dicalcium Phosphate - A
Dicarboxylic Acid B C
Dichloro Acetic Acid - D
0-Dichloro Benzene D D
P-Dichloro Benzene D D
Dichloro Butane D C
2.2'-Dichloro Diethy Sulfide A -
Dichloro Difluoro Methane (Freon12) A B
Dichloro Ethane D D
1.1'-Dichloro Ethane D D
1.2-dichloro Ethane D D
Dichloro Ethanoic Acid - D
Dichloro Ether - D
Dichloro Ethyl Ether - D
Dichloro Ethylene D D
Dichloro Fluoro Methane (Freon 21) C D
Dichloro Hexane - D
Dichloro Isopropyl Ether D D
Dichloro Methane D D
Dichloro Pentane - D
Dichloro Propane D D
1.20Dichloro Propane D D
Dicyclo Hexyl Amine D C
Dieldrin In Xylene D D
Dieldrin In Xylene & Water Spray B B
Dieline D D
Diesel Oil B A

Di-Ester Lubricants-Synthetic D B
Diethanol Amine - B
1. 1-Diethoxyethane - -
Diethyl Actal - -
Diethyl Amine B B
Diethyl Benezene D D
Diethyl Carbinol - A
Diethyl Carbonate D D
Diethyl Ether C C
Diethyl Ketone D D
Diethyl Oxalate D D
Diethyl Oxide C B
Diethyl Phthalate - D
Diethyl Sebacate D D
Diethyl Suffate - D
Diethyl Triamine - B
Diethylene Dioxide D D
Diethylene Ether D D
Diethylene Glycol A A
Diethylene Glyco-Butyl Ether B C
Diethylene Glycol-Dialky Ether D A
Diethylene Glycol-Monoalkyl Ether D A
Diethylene Glycol-Monobutyl Ether B A
Diethylene Glycol-Monoethyl Ether B B
Diethylene Oxide D D
Diethylene Triamine - B
Difluoro Dibromo Methane D D
Digallic Acid A C
Dihydro-p-Dioxin D D
Dihydrogen Sodium Phosphate B A
2. 3-Dihydroxy Butanedioci Acid B A
Dihydroxy Diethyl Amine - B
Dihydroxy Diethyl Ether B A
Dihydroxy Ethane A A
Dihydroxy Ethyl Amine - B

Dihydorxy Propane A A
Dihydroxy Succinic Acid B A
Diisobutyl Ketone D D
Diiso Butylene D B
Diiso Decyl Adipate - D
Diiso Decyl Phthalate D D
Diiso Octyl Adipate - D
Diiso Octyl Phtalate - D
Diiso Octyl Sebacate D C
Diisoprene D C
Diiso Propanol Amine - B
Diiso Propilidene Acetone D D
Diiso Propyl Amine - B
Diiso Propyl Benzene D D
Diiso Propyl Ether D B
Diiso Propyl Ketone D D
Dilauryl Ether - B
Dimethyl B A
Dimethyl Amine - B
Dimethyl Aniline D D
Dimethyl Benzene D D
2. 2-Dimethyl Butane - -
2. 3-Dimethyl-2. 3-Butanediol A A
Dimethyl Carbinol B B
Dimethyl Ether C B
Dimethyl Ethyl Methane - A
Dimethyl Formamide D B
Dimethyl Ketal C D
Dimethyl Ketone C D
Dimethyl Methane B A
Dimethyl Pentane B A
Dimethyl Phenol - D
Dimethyl Phthalate D D
Dimethyl Sulfate - D
Dimethyl Sulfide - D

Dimethylene Oxide D D
Dinitro Benzene - D
Dinitro Toluene D D
Dioctyl Adipate D D
Dioctyl Amine - B
Dioctyl Phthalate D D
Dioctyl Sebecate D D
Dioform D D
Diols A A
Dioxane (Dioxan) D D
Dioxane (Diethylene Ether) D D
Dioxolane's (Dioxolan's) D D
Dioxethylene Ether D D
p-Dioxybenzene D C
Dipentene D B
Diphenyl D D
Diphenyl-Chlorinated C B
Diphenyl Ketone - -
Diphenyl Oxide's D D
Diphenyl Phtalate - D
Dippel's Oil B A
Dipropyl Amine - B
Dipropyl Ketone - D
Dipropyl Methane B A
Dipropylene Glycol - A
Disodium Phosphate - A
Dispersing Oil #10 D D
Distilled Vinegar B C
Diuretic Salt B B
Divinyl Benzene - D
Divinyl Ether - B
Divinyl Oxide - B
D.M.F. D D
D.M.P. - D
n-Or 1-Dodecanol - A

Dodecyl Alcohol - A
n-Dodecyl Alcohol - A
Dodecyl Benzene - D
Dodecyl Toluene - D
Dolomite A A
D.O.P. D D
Douglas Fir Oil D B
Dow Chemical -50-4 B -
Dow Chemical-ET378 D D
Dow Chemical-ET588 B C
Dow Corning-3 A A
Dow Corning-4.5.11.33 A A
Dow Corning-44.55.200.220.510.550 A A
Dow Corning-704.705 - B
Dow Corning-710.1208.4050.6620 A A
Dow Corning-F60.xF60 A A
Dow Corning-F61 A A
Dow Fume W-40 100% Fumigant D D
Dow General Weed Killer (Phenol) - D
Dow General Weed Killer (Water) - B
Dow Guard A A
Dow Per - C
Dow Purifloc C-31 A A
Dowtherm A D D
Dowtherm E D D
Dowtherm Oil D -
Dowtherm SR-1 - A
Dowtherm-209, 50% Solution B C
Drinking Water B A
Dry Cleaning Fluids D C
Dry Cleaning Solvent C A
Drycid C -
DTE Light Oil B A
Dutch Liquid D D
Dutch Oil D D
E Neoprene Buna-N/ Nitrile

Earthnut Oil C A
Earth Pitch B A
Elayl Chloride D D
Elco 28-EP Lubricant C A
Enanthaldehyde - D
Epichlorohydrin D D
Epichlorohydrine D D
1. 2-Epoxy Ethane D D
Epoxy Resins A -
Epsom Salts B A
Esam-6 Fluid B -
Essence Noibe D D
Essence Of Mirbane (Myrbane) D D
Esso Fuel 208 B A
Esso Golden Gasoline D B
Esso Motor Oil C A
Esso Transmission Fluid (Type A) B A
Esso WS2812 D A
Esso xP90-EP Lubricant B A
Esstic 42, 43 B A
Ethalic Acid B A
Ethamine D D
Ethanal C D
Ethanamide B A
Ethane B A
1. 2-Ethane Diamine A A
Ethane Dioic Acid B C
1. 2-Ethane Diol A A
Ethane Nitrile A C
Ethane Thiol D D
Ethanoic Acid (See Acetic Acid) - -
Ethanoic Anhydride B C
Ethanol A A

Ehthanol 100% A A
Ehthanol Amine B B
Ehthanoyl Chloride D D
Ethene - B
Ethenoxyethene - B
Ethenyloxyethene - B
Ether's D D
Ether Cyanatus B D
Ether Iodatus D D
Ethine B A
Ethocel B B
Ethoxy Benzene D D
Ethoxy Ethane C C
Ethoxy Ethanol D D
2-Ethoxy Ethanol D D
Ethyl Acetate (Organic Ester) D D
Ethyl Acetic Acid C D
Ethyl Aceto Acetate D D
Ethyl Acrylate D D
Ethyl Acrylic Acid B D
Ethyl Alcohol (Ethanol) A A
Ethyl Aldehyde C D
Ethyl Aluminum Dichloride - D
Ethyl Amine D D
Ethyl Benzene D D
Ethyl Benzoate D D
Ethyl Bromide D C
Ethyl Butanoate D D
Ethyl Butanol - A
Ethyl Butyl Acetate - D
Ethyl Butyl Alcohol - A
Ethyl Butyl Amine - B

Ethyl Butyraldehyde - D
Ethyl Butyrate D D
Ethyl Butyric Ester D D
Ethyl Caprylate D B
Ethyl Caprylic Ester D B
Ethyl Cellosolve D D
Ethyl Cellulose B B
Ethyl Chloride B B
Ethyl Chloro Carbonate C D
Ethyl Chloro Formate C D
Ethyl Cyanide B D
Ethyl Cyclopentane C A
Ethyl Diacetate D D
Ethyl Dialetic Ester D D
Ethyl Dichloride D D
Ethyl Dimethyl Acetate D D
Ethyl Ether D C
Ethyl Formate B D
Ethyl Formic Ester B D
Ethyl Hexanol B B
Etyyl Hexoic Acid - C
Ethyl Hexyl Acetate - D
Ethyl Hexyl Alcohol - A
Ethyl Hexyl Phthalate D D
Ethyl Hydrate A A
Ethyl Hydride B A
Ethyl Hydroiodic Ester D D
Ethyl Hydro Sulfide D D
Ethyl Hydroxide D B
Ethyl Iodide D D
Ethyl Isobutyl Ether D C
Ethyl Isobutyrate D D
Ethyl Mercaptan D D

Ethyl Methyl Carbinol A A
Ethyl Methyl Ketone D D
Ethyl Morpholene Stannous Octoate
(50/50 mixture) - D
Ethyl Orthosilicate A A
Ethyl Oxalate D D
Ethyl Oxide D D
Ethyl-3-Oxobutanoate D D
Ethyl Pentachio Benzene D D
Ethyl Phtalate - D
Ethyl Propionate D D
Ethyl Propyl Ether D C
Ethyl Propyl Ketone - D
Ethyl Propyl Oxide D C
Ethyl Silicate A A
Ethyl Sulfate - D
Ethyl Sulfohydrate D D
Ethylene - B
Ethylene Acetate D C
Ethylene Alcohol A A
Ethylene Bromide D D
Ethylene Carboxylic Acid B D
Ethylene Chloride D D
Ethylene Chlorhydrin B D
Ethylene Chlorohydrin B D
Ethylene Diamine A A
Ethylene Dibromide D D
Ethylene Dichloride D D
Ethylene Glycol A A
Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether C B
Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether Ace D C
Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether C C
Ethylene Monoacetate D C
Ethylene Oxide D D
E-F Neoprene Buna-N/ Nitrile

Ethylene Oxide (12%) and Freon 12 (80%) D C
Ethylene Tetrachloride D D
Ethylene Trichloride D D
Ethylic Acid (See Acetic Acid) - -
Ethylic Alcohol A A
Ethylic Ether C C
Ethylidene Actic Acid B C
Ethylidene Chloride D D
Ethylidene Dichloride D D
Ethylidene Perchloride D D
Ethyne B A
Exsiccated Alum A A
Ex-Tri - D
Exxon 2380 Turbo Oil - -
F-60 & F-61 Fluid (Dow Corning) A A
Fat Lime A A
Fatty Acids B B
FC-43 Heptacosofluorotri-Butylamine A A
FC-75 Fluorcarbon A A
Feran B B
Fermentation Amyl Alcohol A B
Fermentation Lactic Acid B C
Ferric Acetate - D
Ferric Bromide - A
Ferric Chloride B A
Ferric Dichloride A A
Ferric Hydroxide - B
Ferric Nitrate A A
Ferric Perchloride B A
Ferric Persulfate A A
Ferric Salts - A
Ferric Sesqui Chloride A A
F Neoprene Buna-N/ Nitrile
Ferric Sesqui Sulfate A A
Ferric Subsulfate A A
Ferric Sulfate A A
Ferric Sulphate A A
Ferric Trichloride A A
Ferric Trisulfate A A
Ferriferrous Chloride B A
Ferriferrous Persulfate A A
Ferriferrous Sulfate A A
Ferrous Acetate - D
Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate-30% A -
Ferrous Chloride B A
Ferrous Hydroxide - B
Ferrous Nitrate B A
Ferrous Sulfate A A
Ferrous Sulfide - A
Filter Alum A A
Finn Oil B A
Firedamp B A
Firwood Oil D B
Fish Oil - A
Flaxseed Oil B A
Floating Soap B A
Flores Martis B A
Fluo Benzene D D
Fluo Boric Acid B A
Fluo Silicic Acid A A
Fluorinated Cyclic Ethers - -
Fluorine (Liquid) C D
Fluoro Benzene D D
Fluoro Carbon Oils - -
Fluoro Chloro Ethylene D D
Fluoro Lube A B
Fluoro Methane D D

Formaldehyde B B
Formalin B A
Formamide (Formylamine) A A
Formic Acid (Formylic Acid) A C
Formic Aldehyde - 40% B B
Formonitrile B B
Formyl Triodide D D
Fossolin A A
Fraud's Reagent-10% A D
Freon 11 D B
Freon 12 A B
Freon F-12 A B
Freon, 12 and ASTM Oil #2 (50/50 Mix) B A
Freon 12 and Suniso 4G (50/50 Mix) B A
Freon 13 A A
Freon 13B1 A A
Freon14 A A
Freon 21 C D
Freon 22 B D
Freon 22 and ASTM Oil #2 (50/50Mix) B D
Freon 31 A D
Freon 32 A A
Freon T P 35 A A
Freon 112 B B
Freon 113 A A
Freon 114 A A
Freon 114B2 A B
Freon 115 A A
Freon 142B A A
Freon K 142B A A
Freon 152A A A
Freon K 152A A A
Freon 218 A A

Freon C318 A A
Freon 502 A B
Freon T WD602 B B
Freon BF B B
Freon MF D B
Freon PCA A A
Freon TA A A
Freon TC A A
Freon TF A A
Freon TMC B B
Fruit Juice A -
Fuel Oil B A
Fuel Oil Acidic B A
Fuel Oil #6 D B
Fuels-ASTM Ref Fuel A B A
Fuels-ASTM Ref Fuel B D A
Fuels-ASTM Ref Fuel C D B
Fuels-ASTM #1 Oil A A
Fuels-ASTM #2 Oil B A
Fuels-ASTM #3 Oil C A
Fuels-ASTM #4 Oil D B
Fumaric Acid B A
Fumarole Acid A A
Fuming Sulfuric Acid D D
Furaldehyde D D
2-Furaldehyde D D
Furan (Furfuran) D D
2-Furancarbonal D D
Furfural (Furfurol) D D
Furfuraldehyde D D
x-Furfuraldehyde D D
Furfuran D D
Furfuryl Alcohol D D
G Neoprene Buna-N/ Nitrile

Glyceryl Trioleate C B
Glycogenic Acid - C
Glycol A A
Glycol Acetate D C
Glycol Alcohol B B
Glycol Butyl Ether C C
Glycol Chlorhydrin D D
Glycol Diacetate D C
Glycol Dibromide D D
Glycol Dichloride D D
Glycol Ethyl Ether D D
Glycol Monoacetate D C
Glycols A A
Graham's Salt A A
Grain Alcohol A A
Grain Oil A B
Grape Sugar A A
Grease B B
Grease, Light D D
Green Copperas (Vitroil) A A
Green Liquor (Sulfate) B B
Green Octagons A A
Grey Acetate B B
Groundnut Oil C A
Gulf Crown Grease B A
Gulf Endurance Oils B A
Gulf FR-Fluids (Emulsion) B A
Gulf FR G-Fluids A A
Gulf FR P-Fluids D D
Gulf Harmony Oils B A
Gulf High Tenperature Grease B A
Gulf Legion Oils B A
Gulf Paramount Oils B A
H Neoprene Buna-N/ Nitrile

Halite A A
Halothane D D
Halowax Oil D D
Hannifin Lube A A A
Hartshorn B C
Heavy Benzine B A
Heavy Magnesium Carbonate A A
Heavy Water B A
HEF-2 (High Energy Fuel) D B
Helium A A
Hepar Calcis B A
Hepatic Gas C D
Heptachlor In Petroleum Solvents - C
Heptacosofluorotri Butylamine FC75 A A
Heptan-3-One - B
Heptanal - D
Heptane B A
n-Heptane B A
Heptane Carboxylic Acid - C
Heptoic Aldehyde - D
Heptyl Aldehyde D D
Heptyl Carbinol B B
Heptyl Hydride B A
Heptylic Aldehyde Nbormal - D
Hexa Chloro Dipehenyl Methane D D
Hexa Decane B A
Hexa Decanoic Acid B A
Hexa Hydro Benzene B A
Hexa Hydro Benzoic Acid D B
Hexa Hydro Phenol B B
Hexa Hydro Pyridine D D
Hexa Hydro Touluene - D
n-Hexaldehyde A D

Hexa Methylene C A
Hexa Naphthene B A
Hexane B A
n-Hexane-1 B B
Hexanedioic Acid D B
Hexan-3-One - D
Hexanol B A
Hexene B A
Hexone (Hexon) D D
Hexyl Acetic Acid - C
Hexyl Alcohol (Hexanol) B A
Hexyl Amine - C
Hexyl Hydride B A
Hexyl Methyl Ketone - D
Hexylene B A
Hexylene Glycol A A
High Viscosity Lubricant, U4 B A
High Viscosity Lubricant, H2 B A
Hilo MS #1 D D
Hi-Tri - D
Houghto-Safe 271 (Water And Glycol Base) B A
Houghto-Safe 620 Water/Glycol B A
Houghto-Safe 1010, Phosphate Ester D D
Houghto-Safe 1120, Phosphate Ester D D
Houghto-Safe 5040 (Water/Oil Emulsion) B A
Hydragillite (U.K. Usage) A B
Hydrargylite A B
Hydragyrum A A
Hydrated Baryta A A
Hydrated Lime A A
Hydraulic Fluids (Pydrauls) D D
Hydraulic Oil (Petrolium) B A
Hydrazine C C

Hydra Zino Benzene D D
Hydrazobenzene D D
Hydro Bromic Acid D D
Hydrobromic Acid-40% B D
Hydro Bromic Acid Gas D D
Hydro Carbons-Alicyclic D B
Hydro Carbons-Aliphatic B A
Hydro Carbons-Aromatic D C
Hydro Carbons-Chlorinated D D
Hydro Carbons-Normal B A
Hydro Carbons-Olefinic - A
Hydro Carbons-Saturated B A
Hydro Chinone D C
Hydrochloric Acid-10%, 6.6 BE A B
Hydrochloric Acid-20% B B
Hydrochloric Acid-25%, 16.0 BE B C
Hydrochloric Acid-38%, 30.1 BE C C
Hydrochloric Acid-50% D D
Hydrochloric Acid-100% D D
Hydrochloric Acid, Concentrated D D
Hydrochloric Acid, 3 Molar C C
Hydro Chloric Ether B B
Hydro Chloric Ether-Chlorinated D D
Hydro Cyanic Acid B B
Hydro Cyanic Ether B D
Hydro-Drive, MIH-10 (Petrolium Base) B A
Hydro-Drive, MIH-50 (Petrolium Base) B A
Hydro Fluoric Acid-Anhydrous D D
Hydro Fluoric Acid-10% A B
Hydro Fluoric Acid-50%, 24.0 BE B C
Hydro Fluoric Acid-65% C D
Hydro Fluoric Acid-75%, 30.1 BE (Cold) D D
Hydro Fluoric Acid-75%, 30.1 BE (Hot) D D

Hydro Fluor Boric Acid - -
Hydrogen Bromide D D
Hydrogen Carboxylic Acid B B
Hydrogen Cyanide B B
Hydrogen Dioxide-3% B B
Hydrogen Dioxide-10% C C
Hydrogen Dioxide-30% D D
Hydrogen Dioxide-90% D D
Hydrogen Fluoride-Anhydrous - -
Hydrogen Gas A A
Hydrogen Oxide B A
Hydrogen Peroxide-3% - B
Hydrogen Peroxide-10% C C
Hydrogen Peroxide-30% D D
Hydrogen Peroxide-90% D D
Hydrogen Peroxide-Concentrated D D
Hydrogen Sulfide-Dry. Cold A A
Hydrogen Sulfide-Dry, Hot B D
Hydrogen Sulfide-Wet, Cold A D
Hydrogen Sulfide-Wet, Hot B D
Hydroiodic Ether D D
Hydro Lube-Water/Ethylene Glycol B A
Hydro Quinol D C
Hydro Quinone D C
Hydro Sulfuric Acid C D
Hydroxy Acetic Acid-10% D D
Hydroxy Benzene D D
0-Hydroxy Benzoic Acid D C
Hydroxy Butane A A
Hydroxy Butanedioic Acid B A
1-Hydroxy-2-Chlorethane B D
Hydroxy Ether D D
Hydroxy Ethyl Acetate D D
H-I Neoprene Buna-N/ Nitrile

B-Hydorxy Ethyl Amine B B
Hydroxy Formic Acid A B
1-Hydroxy Octane A A
p-Hydroxy Phenol D C
Hydroxy Propane Tricarboxylic Acid B B
2-Hydroxy Propanoic Acid B C
Hydroxy Succinic Acid B A
x-Hydroxy Toluene C D
Hydyne B B
Hyjet D D
Hyjet-III D D
Hyjet-S D D
Hyjet-W D D
Hykil #6, 33% Water 67% D C
Hypnone D D
Hypo A A
Hypochlorous Acid D D
Ice Spar (Stone) A B
Industron FF44 B A
Industron FF48 B A
Industron FF53 B A
Industron FF80 B A
Iodine (Iodum) C B
Iodine Pentafluoride D D
Iodo Butane D D
1-Iodo Butane D D
Iodo Ethane D D
Iodo Form D D
Iodo Methane D D
Iodo Pentane D D
1-Iodo Pentane D D
I.P.A. B B
Iron Acetate - D
I Neoprene Buna-N/ Nitrile

Iron 3-Chloride B A
Iron Dichloride B A
Iron Hydroxide - B
Iron Monosuflide - A
Iron Nitrate A A
Iron Perchloride B A
Iron Persuelfate A A
Iron Protochloride B A
Iron Salts - A
Iron Sesquichloride B A
Iron Suflate A A
Iron Sulfate-Basic A A
Iron Sulfide - A
Iron Susquisulfate A A
Iron Tersulfate A A
Iron Trichloride B A
Iron Vitrol A A
Ironic Chloride B A
Ironic Hydroxide - B
Isoamyl Acetate D D
Isoamyl Acetic Ester D D
Isoamyl Alcohol B A
Isoahyl Bromide D D
Isoamyl Buryrate - D
Isoamyl Chloride D D
Isoamyl Ether D B
Isoamyl Oxide D B
Isoamyl-p-Phenol - D
Isoamyl Phtalate - D
Isobutane - A
Isobutanol B B
Isobutyl Acetate D D
Isobutyl Alcohol B B
I-J Neoprene Buna-N/ Nitrile
Isobuytyl Amine - C
Isobutyl n-Butyrate D D
Isobutyl Carbinol B A
Isobutyl Chloride - D
Isobutyl Ether - B
Iso Butylene - C
Iso Butyric Acid B D
Iso Dodecane B A
Iso Octane B A
Iso Pentane - A
Iso Phorone (Ketone) D D
Iso Propanol B B
Iso Propanol Amine - B
Isopropyl Acetate D D
Isopropyl Alcohol B B
Isopropyl Amine - D
Isopropyl Benzene D D
Isopropyl Carbinol B B
Isopropyl Chloride D D
Isopropyl Dien Acetone D D
Isopropyl Ether C B
Isopropyl Methyl Benzenes D D
Isopropyl Toluene D D
p-Isopropyl Toluene D D
Japanese Gelatin B B
Japanese Isinglass B B
Jet Fuels: JP-1, A & A1 C A
Jet Fuels: JP-3 C A
Jet Fuels: JP-4 C A
Jet Fuels: JP-5 C A
Jet Fuels: JP-6 D A
Jet Fuels: JP-X B A
Jew's Pitch B A
K-L Neoprene Buna-N/ Nitrile

Kalilauge B C
Kalinite A A
Kandol B A
Kelene B B
Kel-F Liquids - A
Kerosene (Kerosine) B A
Kerosine B A
Keto Hexa Methylene D D
Keystone-#87HX, Grease D A
Ketones: Aliphatic, Saturated C A
Ketones: Aliphatic, Unsaturated D D
Ketones: Aromatic D D
Ketopropane D D
Kinetic 12 A B
Krystallin C D
Kurrol's Salt A A
Kyanol D D
Labarraque's Solution 20% D D
Lacquer Solvents D D
Lacquers D D
Lactams-Amino Acids B D
Lactic Acid B C
Lactic Acid (Hot) D D
Lactol C C
Lactonaphthol C C
Lard (Animal Fat) B A
Latex, Ammoniated A B
Laughing Gas - A
Laurene C B
Lauryl Alcohol - A
Lavender Oil D B
Layor Caranga B B
Lead Acetate B B
Lead Arsenate B -
Lead Chloride B -
L Neoprene Buna-N/ Nitrile

Lead Nitrate A A
Lead Styphnate A B
Lead Sugar B B
Lead Sulfamate A B
Lead Sulfate B A
Lead Tetraethide C B
Lead Tetraethyl D B
Lead Trinitro Resorcinol A B
Lehigh: X1169 & X1170 B A
Leucogen A A
Lichenic Acid - D
Light Aniline C D
Light Grease D A
Ligroin (Ligroine) B A
Lilacin D B
Lime A A
Lime-Agricultural A A
Lime-Bleach B A
Lime-Burnt A A
Lime Caustic A A
Lime-35% Chlorinated D C
Lime Saltpeter A A
Lime Acetate D B
Lime Bisulfite A B
Lime Hydrate A A
Lime Nitrate A A
Lime Soda B B
Lime Sulfur-Dry A D
Lime Sulfur-Wet A A
Lime And Water A A
Limestone A A
Limonene D D
Lindol, Hydraulic Fluid C C
Linoil D D
L Neoprene Buna-N/ Nitrile

Linoleic Acid (Linolenic Acid) D B
Linolic Acid D B
Linseed Oil B A
Linseed Oil, Blown B A
Linseed Oil, Boiled B A
Liquid Oxygen D D
Liquid Silver A A
Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) B A
Liquid Rosin (Retinol) A A
Liquid Soap A A
Liquimoly B A
Liquor, Black B B
Liquor, Black-Waste B B
Liquor, Bleach D -
Liquor-Caliche B B
Liquor-Calcine - A
Liquor-Coliche A B
Liquor, Green Sulfate B B
Liquor, Sulfite Cellulose B B
Liquor, Sulfitic B B
Liquor, Sulfur B B
L.P.G. B A
Luboil-Lube Oils B A
Lubricating Oils, Di-Ester C B
Lubricating Oils, Petroleum Base B A
Lubricating Oils, SAE 10,20,30,40,50 B A
Lumarith E.C. B B
Lye B C
Lye Solutions B B
Lysol B B
M Neoprene Buna-N/ Nitrile

Macassar Gum (Oil) B B
Maddrell's Salt B B
Magma Magnesia B B
Magnesia A -
Magnesia Usta A -
Magnesite A A
Magnesium Acetate - D
Magnesium Ammonium Sulfate A -
Magnesium Bisulfite B B
Magnesium Carbonate A A
Magnesium Chloride A A
Magnesium Hydrate B B
Magnesium Hydroxide B B
Magnesium Nitrate B A
Magnesium Oxide A -
Magnesium Sulfate B A
Magnesium Sulfate-Anhydrous B A
Magnesium Salts A A
Maize Oil C A
Malathion - B
Maleic Acid B D
Maleic Anhydride D D
Maleinic Acid-25% D D
Malic Acid B A
Malonyl Nitrile A A
Malt Salt B B
Manganese Sulfate A A
Manganese Sulfide - A
Manganese Sulfite - A
Maple Sugar Liquors A A
Marsh Gas B A
Master Kill Emulsion A A
Matt Salt D B
MCS 312 D D
MCS 352 D D

MCS 463 D D
M.E.A. C C
M.E.K. D D
Mercuric Chloride A A
Mercuric Cyanide B A
Mercurius A A
Mercurous Nitrate A A
Mercury A A
Mercury Bichloride A A
Mercury Chloride B A
Mercury Vapor's A A
Mesityl Oxide (Ketone) D D
Methacrylic Acid B D
Methallyl Alcohol - A
Methanal B B
Methanal-40% B B
Methanamide A A
Methane B A
Methanoic Acid A C
Methanol A A
Methenyl Iodide D D
2-Methoxy-1-Hydroxy-4-Methylbenzene D C
Methoxy Ethanol C C
Methoxy Methane C B
Methyl Acetal C D
Methyl Acetate C D
Methyl Aceto Acetate D D
Methyl Acetone - D
Methyl Acrylate B D
Methyl Acrylic Acid B D
Methyl Alcohol (Methanol) A A
Methyl Allyl Acetate - D
Methyl Allyl Chloride - D
Methyl Amine A B

Methyl Amyl Alcohol - A
Methyl Amyl Carbinol - A
Methyl Amyl Ketone - D
Methyl Aniline D D
Methyl Benzene D D
Methyl Benzoate D D
Methyl Bichloride D D
Methyl Bromide D C
Methyl Butanol A A
2-Methyl Butanol B A
Methyl Butonone - D
Methyl Butyl Ketone D D
Methyl Butyrate D D
Methyl Carbitol - C
Bethyl Carbonate D D
Methyl Cellosolve C C
Methyl Cellulose B B
Methyl Chloride D D
Methyl Chloroformate D D
Methyl Cyanide A C
Methyl Cyclohexane - D
Methyl Cyclopentane C C
Methyl D-Bromide D D
1-Methyl Ethanol B B
Methyl Ether C B
Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK) D D
Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide D D
Methyl Formate B D
Methyl Formic Acid Ester B D
Methyl Hexane B A
Methyl Hexanol - A
Methyl Hexanone - D
Methyl Hexyl Carbinol D B
Methyl Hexyl Ketone - D

Methyl Hydride B A
Methyl Hydroxide A A
Methyl Iodide D D
Methyl Isobutyl Carbinol A B
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (MIBK) D D
Methyl Isopropyl Ketone D D
Methyl Methacrylate D D
Methyl Methane B A
Methyl Normal Amyl Ketone - D
Methyl Oleate D D
Methyl Phenol D C
Methyl Polysiloxanes D A
Methyl Propanol A A
Methyl Propyl Benzene D D
Methyl Propyl Carbinol - A
Methyl Propyl Ether - B
Methyl Propyl Ketone D D
Methyl Salicylate D D
1-Methyl-2.4.6 - Trinitrobenzene B D
Methylated Spirits B A
Methylene Bromide D D
Methylene Chloride D D
Methylene Chloro Bromide D D
Methylene Dichloride D D
Methylene Oxide B B
Methylic Salicylas D D
M.I.B.K. D D
MIL-L-644-B C A
MIL-L-2104-B B A
MIL-L-2105-B A A
MIL-G-2108 A A
MIL-S-3136-B, Type I Fuel B A
MIL-S-3136-B, Type II Fuel D B
MIL-S-3136-B, Type III Fuel D B
MIL-S-3136-B, Type IV Oil, Low Swell A A

MIL-S-3136-B, Type V Oil, Med. Swell B A
MIL-S-3136-B, Type VI Oil, High Swell D A
MIL-S-3136-B, Type VII C A
MIL-L-3150-A B A
MIL-G-3278 D B
MIL-L-3503 B A
MIL-O-3503 B A
MIL-G-3545 B A
MIL-L-3545-B B B
MIL-C-4339-C D A
MIL-G-4343-B B B
MIL-L-4343 A A
MIL-L-5020-A B A
MIL-J-5161-F D B
MIL-C-5545-A B B
MIL-H-5559-A B A
MIL-F-5566 B B
MIL-G-5572 D A
MIL-F-5602 B A
MIL-H-5606-B B A
MIL-J-5624-G C A
MIL-L-6081-C B A
MIL-L-6082-C B A
MIL-H-6083-C B A
MIL-L-6085-A D B
MIL-L-6086-B A A
MIL-A-6091 A B
MIL-L-6387-A D B
MIL-C-6529-C B B
MIL-C-7024 D A
MIL-F-7024-A D A
MIL-H-7083 B A
MIL-G-7118-A C B
MIL-G-7187 D A

MIL-G-7421-A C B
MIL-H-7644 B B
MIL-L-7645 B B
MIL-G-7711-A D A
MIL-L-7808-F D B
MIL-L-7870-A B A
MIL-C-8188 D B
MIL-A-8243-B B A
MIL-L-8383-B A A
MIL-H-8446-B B B
MIL-I-8660-B A A
MIL-L-9000-F B A
MIL-T-9188-B D D
MIL-L-9236-B D B
MIL-E-9500 A A
MIL-L-10295-A B A
MIL-L-10324-A B A
MIL-G-10924-B D A
MIL-L-11734-B C A
MIL-O-11773 C A
MIL-P-12098 B B
MIL-H-13862 B A
MIL-H-13866-A B A
MIL-H-13910-B B B
MIL-H-13919-A B A
MIL-L-14107-B A C
MIL-L-15016 B A
MIL-L-15017 B A
MIL-L-15018-B A A
MIL-L-15019-C A A
MIL-L-15719-A B B
MIL-G-15793 C A
MIL-F-16884 C A

MIL-L-16958-A B A
MIL-F-17111 B A
MIL-F-17331-D B A
MIL-L-17353-A C A
MIL-L-17672-B A A
MIL-L-18486-A A A
MIL-G-18709-A A A
MIL-H-19457-B D D
MIL-F-19605 C A
MIL-L-19701 C A
MIL-L-21260 B A
MIL-G-21568-A A A
MIL-H-22072 B B
MIL-H-22251 B B
MIL-L-22396 A A
MIL-L-23699-A C B
MIL-G-23827-A C A
MIL-G-25013-D B A
MIL-F-25172 C A
MIL-L-25336-B C A
MIL-F-25524-A C A
MIL-G-25537-A B A
MIL-F-25558-B B A
MIL-R-25576-C C A
MIL-H-25598 B A
MIL-F-25604 B A
MIL-F-25656-B D A
MIL-L-25681-C B B
MIL-G-25760-A C B
MIL-L-25968 C A
MIL-L-26087-A A A
MIL-G-27343 A A
MIL-P-27402 B B

MIL-G-27617 - D
MIL-I-27686-D B A
MIL-L-27694-A A A
MIL-L-46000-A C A
MIL-H-46001-A A A
MIL-L-46002 A A
MIL-H-46004 B A
MIL-P-46046-A B B
MIL-H-81019-B B A
MIL-S-81087 A A
MIL-H-83282 B A
Milk (Whole) A A
Milk Acid-50% B C
Milk Of Magnesia B B
Mineral Naptha C A
Mineral Oil's B A
Mineral Pitch B A
Mineral Spirits C A
Mineral thinner D D
Mirabilite A A
Mittel H.N.A. D D
MLO-7277 Hydr. D C
MLO-7557 D C
MLP-8200 Hydr. A B
MLO-8515 A B
Mobil-Ambrex 33 B A
Mobil-Ambrex 830 B A
Mobile-Aurex 903R B A
Mobil Delvac 1100,1110,1120,1130 B A
Mobil 24 DTE B A
Mobil Gas WA200 type A, Auto Trans. Fluid B A
Mobil HF B A
Mobil Nyvac 20 and 30 A A

Mobil Velocite C B A
Mobil XRM 206A - -
Mobiltherm 600 B A
Mobilux B A
Molasses B A
Molten Suflur A B
Molysite B A
Mono Ammonium Phosphate A A
Mono Bromo Benzene D D
Mono Bromo Ethane D C
Mono Bromo Trifluoro Methane D D
Mono Butyl Ether - C
Mono Chlorethane B B
Mono Chloro Acetic Acid D D
Mono Chloracetone C D
Mono Chloro Acetone C D
Mono Chloro Benzene D D
Mono Chloro Difluoro Methane D D
Mono Chloro Phenol D D
Mono Chloro Trifluoro Methane D D
Mono Ethanol Amine B B
Mono Ethyl Amine - C
Mono Isopropanol Amine - B
Mono Methyl Amine D D
Mono Methyl Aniline D D
Mono Methyl Ether A A
Mono Methyl Hydrazine B B
Mono Phenyl Ether A A
Mono Sodium Acid Methanearsenate A -
Mono Sodium Ortho Phosphate B A
Mono Vinyl Acetate D D
Monovinyl Acetylene B A
Monsanto-Coolanol A A
M-N Neoprene Buna-N/ Nitrile

Monsanto-Sanitizer 160 - -
Monsel's Salt A A
Mopar Brake Fluid B C
Morea Premic - -
Morrhua Oil B B
Mosaic Gold - A
Motor Sprits B B
Muriate of Ammonia A A
Muriatic Acid (Hydrochloric) D D
Mustard Gas A -
Muthmann's Liquid D D
Naphtha C B
Naphtha-Boghead C A
Naphtha-Cleaners D B
Naphtha-Coal Tar D D
Naphthalene (Naphthaline) D D
Naphthalin D D
Naphthene D D
Naphthenic Acid D B
1.4-x-Naphthol Sulfonic Acid D D
Naphthyl Benzene D D
Naphthyl Lactate C C
Naptha C B
Napthalene D D
Natural Gas A A
Navee - C
Neatsfool Oil D A
Neohexane - A
Neon A A
Neosol A A
Neu-Tri - D
Neville Acid D D
Nevoll C C
N Neoprene Buna-N/ Nitrile

Nickelous Chlroide B A
Nickelous Nitrate B A
Nickelous Sulfate A A
Nicotine Bentonite A A
Nicotine Sulfate A A
Niter Cake A A
Niter-Potassium Nitrate A A
Niter-Sodium Nitrate B C
Nitrana 2 & 3 B B
Nitratine B C
Nitric Acid-10%, 7.5 BE B D
Nitric Acid - 25% C D
Nitric Acid - 35%, 26.0 BE D D
Nitric Acid - 50% D D
Nitric Acid - Concentrated D D
Nitric Acid - Crude D D
Nitric Acid - Dilute B D
Nitric Acid - Inhibited Red Fuming (IRFNA) D D
Nitric Acid - Red Fuming (RFNA) D D
Nitric Acid - 3 Molar D D
Nitro Benzene D D
Nitro Benzine D -
Nitro Benzol D D
Nitro Calcite A A
Nitro Carbol C D
Nitro Ethane C D
Nitrogen A A
Nitrogen Fertilizer Solution B B
Nitrogen Monoxide - A
Nitrogen Oxychloride - -
Nitrogen Tetroxide D D
N-O Neoprene Buna-N/ Nitrile

Nitro Methane C D
Nitro Muriatic Acid D D
Nitro Propane D D
Nitrosyl Chloride - -
Nitrous Monoxide - A
Nitrous Oxide - A
Nitro Xanthic Acid A B
Nonanic Acid - A
Nondecylic Acid - A
Nonenes - A
Nonylcarbinol D A
Nordhausen Acid D D
Norge Niter A A
Norge Saltpeter A B
n-Normal Amylamine D C
Normal Ethyl Sulfate - D
Normal Heptane B A
Normal Hexane B A
Normal Potassium Sulfate A A
Norway Saltpeter B A
Norwegian Saltpeter A B
N.P.N. - -
Oakite-O.C. 85 D -
Oakite-O.C. 88 C -
Oakite-O.C. 131 C -
Oakite-O Drycid & O.F.M. 184 C -
Oakite-O Stripper S.A. D -
Oakite-Solvent Materials D D
Octa Chloro Toluene D D
9, 12-Octa Decadienoic Acid D B
Octa Decane B A
Octa Decanoic Acid B B
9-Octa Decanoic Acid B B
O Neoprene Buna-N/ Nitrile

Octa Fluoro Cylobutane D D
Octane D A
Octane Carboxylic Acid - A
Octanol B B
2-Octanone - D
n-Octene-2 C -
n-Octodecylic Acid B B
Octoic Acid - C
Octyl Acetate - D
Octyl Alcohol B B
n-Octyl Alcohol A A
Octyl Aldehyde - D
Octyl Amine - C
Octyl Carbinol - D
Octylene Glycol - A
Octylic Acid - C
Octylic Alcohol B B
Oenanthal - D
Oil of Acetone C D
Oil of Bitter Almonds (artificial) D D
Oil of Hartshorn - A
Oil of Katchung C A
Oil of Maize C A
Oil of Mirbane D D
Oil of Palma Christi A A
Oil of Turpentine C A
Oil of Vitriol D D
Okonite A A
Olefiant Gas - B
Oleic Acid B B
Olein C B
Olenic Acid B B
Oleum Bubulum D A
Oleum (Fuming sufluric Acid) D D
O Neoprene Buna-N/ Nitrile

Oleum Gossypii Seminis B A
Oleum Lini B A
Oleum Morrhuae B B
Oleum Palmae C A
Oleum Sprits C B
Oleum Theobromatis B D
Olive Oil B A
Oronite 8200 A B
Oronite 8515 A B
Ortho Boric Acid A A
Ortho Chloro Ethyl Benzene D D
Ortho Dichloro Benzene D D
Ortho Dichloro Benzol - D
Ortho Hydroxy Benzoic Acid D D
Ortho Xylene - D
OS 45 Type III (OS45) A B
OS 45 Type IV (OS45-1) A B
OS 70 A B
O-T 634B D C
Oxalic Acid B C
2.2-Oxybis Ethanol A A
Oxyethylene Succinic Acid B A
Oxygen-Cold A B
Oxygen-250-400 Deg. F D D
Oxygen - Liquid D D
Oxymethelene-40% C C
Oxymuriate of Tin A A
Ozone B D
P Neoprene Buna-N/ Nitrile

PS-661B C A
PD-680 C A
Paint Thinner Duco D D
Painter's Naphtha D D
Palm Butter C A
Palm Grease C A
Palm Oil C A
Palmic Acid B A
Palmitic Acid B A
Paper Makers Alum A A
Par-al-Ketone D D
Para San-10% A B
Para Dichloro Benzene D D
Para Dichloro Benzine D D
Para Dichloro Benzol D D
Para Dihydroxy Benzene D D
Para Dow D D
Paraffin B A
Paraffin Ointment B A
Paraffins - A
Paraform B B
Paraform Aldehyde B B
Paraformaldehydum B B
Paradehyde B C
Para Xylene D D
Paris Green & Lime 37% A A
Parker O Lube A A
Patent Alum A A
Peanut Oil C A
Pear Alum A A
Pear Oil D D
Pearl Ash A A
Pelarqonic Acid - A
Penta Chloro Diphenyl D D

Penta Chloro Diphenyl Oxide D D
Penta Chloro Ethane D D
Penta Chloro Ethyl Benzene D D
Penta Chloro Phenol D D
Penta Chloro Phenyl Benzoate D D
Penta Dichloro Diphenyl Ketone D D
Penta Hydroxy Hexoic Acid - C
Penta Methylene Amine D D
Pentane A A
Pentane-2.4-Dimethyl B A
2.4 Pentane Dione D D
Pentane-2 Methyl B A
Pentane-3 Methyl B A
Pentane-Secondary - A
Pentanoic Acid D D
Pentanol A B
Pentanone D D
2-Pentanone D D
3-Pentanone D D
Pentasol A A
Pentasodium Triphosphate D D
Pentene A B
1-Pentene A C
Pentene-2.4-Methyl B -
Pentyl Acetate D D
Pentyl Amine (Pentylamin) D C
n-Pentyloxypentane D B
Perchlorethylene D D
Perchloric Acid A D
Perchloro Ethylene D C
Perchloro Methane D D
Permachlor - D
Perhydrol A B

Peroxide-3% B B
Peroxide-10% C C
Peroxide-30% D C
Peroxide-90% D D
Peroxide of Hydrogen A B
Peroxohydrate A A
Peroxydol B B
Peru Saltpeter B C
Petrol B A
Petrolatum B A
Petrolene B A
Petroleum Benzin B A
Petroleum Ether (Ligroin) B A
Petroleum Gas-Liquid (LPG) B A
Petroleum Jelly B A
Petroleum Naptha B A
Petroleum Oil- above 250 Deg. F D D
Petroleum Oil-Below 250 Deg. F D A
Petroleum Oil-Crude D A
Petroleum Pitch B A
Petroleum Sprit B A
Petroleum Thinner D D
Phenate D D
Phene D D
Phenethylene D D
Phentole (Phenetol) D D
Phenic Acid D D
Phenmethylol C D
Phenol D D
Phenol-70%/30% H2O D D
Phenol-85%/15% H2O D D
Phenol Benzoate D D
Phenol Carbolic Acid D D

Phenol Sulfonic Acid - D
Phenol Trinitrate D D
Phenolates D D
Phenols B D
Phenoxetol A A
Phenoxide D D
Phenoxin D C
Phenoxybenzene D D
Phenyl Acetate D D
Phenyl Aldehyde D D
Phenyl Amine D D
Phenyl Benzene D D
Phenyl Benzoate D D
Phenyl Bromide D D
Phenyl Carbinol C D
Phenyl Chloride D D
Phenyl Chloroform - D
Phenyl Ethane D D
Phenyl Ether D D
Phenyl Ethyl Ether D D
Phenyl Ethylene D D
Phenyl Fluoride D D
Phenyl Formic Acid C D
Phenyl Hydrazine D D
Phenyl Hydride D D
Phenyl Hydorxide D D
Phenyl Methane D D
Phenyl Methyl Ketone D D
Phenyl Nitrite D D
Phenylic Acid D D
Phlorose A A
Phorone D D
Phosphate Esters D D

Phosphoric Acid - 10% B A
Phosphoric Acid - 20% B C
Phosphoric Acid - 50% B C
Phosphoric Acid - 85% C D
Phosphoric Acid-Concentrated D D
Phosphoric Acid - Crude C C
Phosphoric Acid-3 Molar C D
Phosphorous Oxycholride D -
Phosphorous Trichloride D D
Phosphorous Trichloride Acid D D
Phosphoryl Chloride D -
Photogen C A
Phthoric Acid D D
Pickle Alum A A
Pickling Solution D D
Picranisic Acid A B
Picric Acid A B
Picric Acid - Molten C D
Picric Acid-Water Solution B B
Picronitric Acid A B
Pimelic Ketone D D
Pimelinketone D D
Pinacol (Pinacolin) A A
Pinacone A A
Pine Cone Oil D A
Pine Oil D B
Pine Tar D B
Pinene C B
Piperidine D D
Pitch B A
Pix Liquida D B
Plating Solution-Antimony - -
Plating Solution-Arsenic - -

Plating Solution-Cadmium B B
Plating Solution-Chrome D D
Plating Solution-Copper - -
Plating Solution-Gold - -
Plating Solution-Iron - A
Plating Solution-Lead B B
Plating Solution-Nickel - -
Plating Solution-Others A A
Plating Solution-Platinum A -
Plating Solution-Silver - -
Plating Solution-Tin - -
Plating Solution-Zinc - -
Plumbane C B
Plumbous Acetate B B
Pneumatic Service A A
Poly Ethylene Glycol - A
Poly Formaldehyde - D
Polyoxy Methylene B B
Poly Propylene Glycol - A
Poly Vinyl Acetate emulsion B -
Ponderous Magnesia A -
Potash B C
Potash-Alum A A
Potash-Caustic B C
Potash-Water Glass A A
Potassa B C
Potassii Acetas B B
Potassii Bicarbonas A A
Potassii Bisulfas A A
Potassii Bromidum A A
Potassii Carbonas A A
Potassii Chloras A A
Potassii Chloridum A A

Potassii Nitras A A
Potassii Permanganas C B
Potassii Sulfas A A
Potassium Acetate B B
Potassium Acid Chromate B A
Potassium Acid Sulfate A A
Potassium Acid Sulfite A A
Potassium Alum A A
Potassium Aluminum Sulfate A A
Potassium Aluminum Sulfate, Anhydrous A A
Potassium Bicarbonate A A
Potassium Bichromate B A
Potassium Bisulfate A A
Potassium Bisulfite A A
Potassium Borates A A
Potassium Bromide A A
Potassium Carbonate A A
Potassium Chlorate A A
Potassium Chloride A A
Potassium Chromate - -
Potassium Chromic Sulfate A A
Potassium Cupro Cyanide A A
Potassium Cyanide A A
Potassium Dichromate B A
Potassium Hydrate B C
Potassium Hydroxide B C
Potassium Hypermanganate C B
Potassium Hypochlorite C D
Potassium Iodide A A
Potassium Iodidum A A
Potassium Monosulfide A A
Potassium Muriate A A
Potassium Nitrate A A

Potassium Oxide A B
Potassium Oxymuriate A A
Potassium Permanganate C B
Potassium Phosphate A -
Potassium Salts A A
Potassium Silicate A A
Potassium Sulfate A A
Potassium Sulfide A A
Potassium Sulfite A A
Potassium Sulphate A A
Potassium Thiosulfate A A
Potato Oil A A
Potato Sprit A B
Prestone Antifreeze A A
PRL-High Temp. Hydr. Oil B B
Producer Gas B A
Propaldehyde - D
Propanal - D
Propane B A
Propane Nitrile B D
Propane Propionitrile B A
Propanediamine - B
Propanediol A A
1.3-Propanediol - A
Propanetriol A A
1,2,3-Propanetriol A A
Propanoic Acid D D
Propanol A A
2-Propanone C D
Propenal - B
Propene D D
Propene Nitrile D D
Propene Oxide D D
P-Q Neoprene Buna-N/ Nitrile

Pyracetic Acid C D
Pyranol D A
Pyranol-1467 C A
Pyranol-1476 B A
Pyranol-Transformer Oil B A
Pyrene D C
Pyrex D C
Pyridine (Oil) D D
Pyrite - A
Pyroacetic Ether D D
Pyroacetic Sprit C D
Pyrogallol Carboxylic Acid C D
2,3,4-Pyrogallol Carboxylic Acid C D
Pyrogard-42,43,53,55 (Phosphate Ester) D D
Pyrogard-C,D B A
Pyroligneous Acid C D
Pyroligneous Sprit A A
Pyrolube D D
Pyromucic Aldehyde D D
Pyroxylic Sprit A A
Pyrrole Ye D D
Quaternary Ammonium Salts / A
Quicklime A A
Quicksilver A A
Quinol D C
R-S Neoprene Buna-N/ Nitrile

Radiation B C
Rape Oil B B
Rapeseed Oil B B
Raw Linseed Oil B A
Red Line-100 Oil B A
Red Oil B B
Red Potassium Chromate D B
Resinol A A
Resinoil A A
Retinol A A
Rhigolene B A
Richfield "A" 100% D C
Richfield "D" 35% B B
Ricinus Oil (Ricinine) A A
RJ-1 B A
Rock Salt A A
Roman Vitroil A A
Rosin-Liquid (Retinol) A A
Rosin Oil A A
Rotenone & H2O A A
RP-1 C A
Rum A A
Sacchaobiose A A
Saccharose A A
Saccharum Amylaceum A A
Sassharum Solutions A A
SAE Oil's B A
Sal Ammonicac A A
Sal Chalybdis A A
Sal De Duobus A A
Sal Enixum A A
Sal Eratus (Sal Aeratus) A A
Sal Prunella A A
Sal Soda A A
Sal Tartar A A
S Neoprene Buna-N/ Nitrile

Sal Tartari A A
Sal Volatile B D
Salicylic Acid D C
Salimiak (Salmiac) A A
Saliter (Salitre) B B
Salt Brine-Chlorinated D D
Salt Cake A A
Salt of Lemery A A
Salt of Tartar A A
Salt of Vitriol A A
Salt Water A A
Saltpeter-Ammonium Nitrate B A
Saltpeter-Calcium Nitrate A B
Saltpeter-Cubic B C
Saltpeter-Potassium Nitrate A A
Saltpeter-Sodium Nitrate B B
Sand Acid B B
Sanitisizer 160-Monsanto - -
Santo Safe 300 D D
Sea Salt A A
Sea (Salt) Water A A
Seed Oil A A
Separan NP-10 - -
Sewage (Sewarage) B A
Sesquicarbonate of Soda A A
Shale Naphtha B A
Shell-Aero 1AC B A
Shell-Aero 7A Grease B A
Shell-Aero 17 Grease B A
Shell-Aero 750 D B
Shell Alvania Grease #2 B A
Shell-Carnea 19 & 29 D A
Shell-Diala B A
Shell-Iris 905 B A
Shell-Iris Tellus #27 & #33 B A
Shell-Iris UMF (5% Aromatic) B A
Shell-Lo Hydrax 27 & 29 B A
Shell-Macoma 72 B A
Shell Super, Gas B A
Sherwood Oil B A
Sieman's Gas B A
Silent Spirit A A
Silicate Esters A B
Silicate of Soda A A
Silicofluoric Acid A A
Silicone Oils & Greases A A
Silver-Liquid A A
Silver Cyanide A -
Silver Nitrate A B
Sinclair-Opaline CX, EP Lube B A
Sirup B -
Skelly-Solvent B.C.E. D A
Skydrol-500 D D
Dkydrol-7000 D D
Slaked Lime A A
Soap Solutions A A
Socony-Mobile Type A B A
Socony Vacuum-AMV AC781 (Grease) B A
Socony Vacuum-PD959B B A
Soda B C
Soda Alum A A
Soda Ash A A
Soda-Baking A A
Soda-Biborate Of A B
Soda-Bicarbonate Of A A
Soda-Bichromate Of - -
Soda-Lime B B
Soda-Caustic B C
Soda-Niter (Nitre) B B

Soda-Saltpeter B C
Soda-Washing A A
Sodan B B
Sodii Hydroxidum (USP) B C
Sodium Acetate B B
Sodium Acid Carbonate A A
Sodium Acid Sulfate A B
Sodium Alum A A
Sodium Aluminate - A
Sodium Aluminum Sulfate A A
Sodium Arsenate - -
Sodium Benzoate - -
Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking Soda) A A
Sodium Bichromate B -
Sodium Biphosphate B A
Sodium Bisulfate A A
Sodium Bisulfate of Bisulfite A A
Sodium Bisulfite A A
Sodium Bisulphate A A
Sodium Borate A A
Sodium Bromides - -
Sodium Carbonate (Soda Ash) A A
Sodium Carbonate-Anhydrous A A
Sodium Carbonate-Hydrated A A
Sodium Chlroate A A
Sodium Chloride A A
Sodium Chromate - -
Sodium Cyanide A A
Sodium Dichromate B -
Sodium Dimeta Borate A A
Sodium Dioxide B B
Sodium Diphosphate B A
Sodium Disulfite A A
Sodium Fluo Aluminate-10% A A

Sodium Fluoride A A
Sodium Hexmeta Phosphate B B
Sodium Hydrate B C
Sodium Hydro Chlorite C C
Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate A A
Sodium Hydrogen Sulfate A A
Sodium Hydroxide B C
Sodium Hydroxide-3 Molar B B
Sodium Hypo Chlorite C C
Sodium Hypo Chlorite-5% C C
Sodium Hypo Chlorite-20% D D
Sodium Hyposulfite A A
Sodium Iodine A -
Sodium Meta Borate Peroxy-Hydrate A A
Sodium Meta Phosphate B A
Sodium Nitrate B B
Sodium Nitrite A -
Sodium Orthophosphate B A
Sodium Perborate B B
Sodium Peroxide B B
Sodium Phosphate (Dibasic) B B
Sodium Phosphate (Mono) B A
Sodium Phosphate (Tribasic) B A
Sodium Pyro Borate A B
Sodium Salts B A
Sodium Sesquicarbonate A A
Sodium Silicate A A
Sodium Silicate-Liquid A A
Sodium Silicate Sulfate A A
Sodium Stannic Chloride D B
Sodium Subsulfite A A
Sodium Sulfate-Anhydrous A A
Sodium Sulfide A A
Sodium Sulfite A A

Sodium Sulphate A A
Sodium Superoxide B B
Sodium Tetra Borate A A
Sodium Thiosulfate (HPO) A A
Sodium Tri Phosphates A A
Sodium Tripoly Phosphate A A
Solene B A
Soluble Glass A A
Sovasol-No. 1,2 & 3 B A
Sovasol-No. 73 & 74 B B
Solvents-Chloronated(Wet or Dry) D D
Soya Oil (Soy Oil) B A
Soybean Oil C A
Spirit A A
Spirits-Aromatic - C
Spirits of Hartshorn B C
Spirits of Turpentine C A
Spirits of Vinegar B C
Spirits of Wine A A
Spry B A
SR-6 Fuel D B
SR-10 Fuel D A
Standard Oil-Mobilube GX90-EP Lube B A
Stannic Chloride D A
Stannic Chloride-50% C A
Stannic Sulfide - A
Stannous Chloride A A
Stannous Chloride-15% A A
Stannous Sulfide - A
Starch Syrup (Sugar) B B
Stauffer-7700 D B
Steam to 225 Deg. F C C

Steam to 225 Deg. F to 300 Deg. F D D
Steam Over 300 Deg. F D D
Stearic Acid B B
Stoddard's Solvent C A
Stripper S.A. D -
Styrene D D
Styrene-Monomer D D
Styrol D D
Styrolene D D
Sublimate A A
Sublimed White Lead A B
Sucrose Solutions A A
Sugar of Lead B B
Sugar Liquors-Cane, Beet & Maple A A
Sulfamic Acid A B
Sulfamidic Acid A B
Sulfite Cellulose Liquors B B
Sulfitic Liquors B B
Sulfonic Acid - D
Sulfonamic Acid A B
Sulfur B C
Sulfur-250 Deg. F. C D
Suflur Chloride D D
Sulfur Dioxide-Dry D D
Sulfur Dioxide-Liquid B D
Sulfur Dioxide-Liquified Under Pressure D D
Sulfur Dioxide-Wet B D
Sulfur Hexa Fluoride A B
Sulfur Liquors B B
Sulfur-Molten C D
Sulfur Mono Chloride D D
Sulfur Subchloride C C
Sulfur Trioxide C C
Sulfur Trioxide (Dry) C C

Sulfurated Lime B A
Sulfuretted Hydrogen C D
Sulfuric Acid-10%, 9 Be B D
Suflfuric Acid-25% C D
Sulfuric Acid-50%, 41BE C D
Sulfuric Acid-60%, 48BE D D
Sulfuric Acid-75%, 58BE D D
Sulfuric Acid-95%,66 BE D D
Sulfuric Acid-100% D D
Sulfuric Acid-Anhydride C C
Sulfuric Acid-Concentrated D D
Sulfuric Acid-Dilute B D
Sulfuric Acid-Fuming D D
Sulfuric Acid-Oleum D D
Sulfuric Acid-3 Molar C D
Sulfuric Ether D D
Sulfurous Acid-10% D D
Sulfurous Acid-10% to 75% D D
Sulfurous Acid-100% D D
Sulfurous Acid Anhydride C C
Sulfurous Oxychloride D D
Sulphite Liquors A A
Summer Oil A A
Sunoco-SAE#10 B A
Sunoco-#3661 B A
Sunoco-All Purpose Grease B A
Sunsafe(Fire Resist. Hydr. Fluid) B A
Super Phosphoric Acid - -
Swan-Finch EP Lube D A
Swan-Finch Hypoid-90 B A
Sweet Birch Oil D D
Sweet Oil B B
Sylvic Oil B A
Synthetic Blanc Fixe A A
Syrup B -
T Neoprene Buna-N/ Nitrile

Table Salt A A
Tall Oil B A
Tallol B A
Tallow B A
Tan A C
Tannic Acid A B
Tannin A B
Tanning Liquors A A
Tanning Solutions A A
Tar-Aromatic - C
Tar-Bituminous B A
Tar-Bone - A
Tar Camphor D D
Tar Camphor-Chlorinated D D
Tarcanum A A
Tartaric Acid B A
Tartarus Vitriolatus A A
Taxaphhene 12% B B
T.C.A. D D
T.C.P. C D
T.E.A. D B
Tea B C
Terebenthene D A
Terebinthia D A
Terpene D B
Terpenes D B
Terpineol (Terpilenol) D B
Tertiary Butyl Alcohol A A
Tertiary Butyl Catechol B D
P-Tertiary Butyl Catechol A D
Tertiary Butyl Mercaptan D D
Tetra Bromo Ethane D D
Tetra Bromo Methane D D
Tetra Butyl Titanate B B

Tetra Chloro Benzene - D
Tetra Chloro Difluor Ethane D D
Tetra Chloro Difluoro Methane D D
Tetra Chloro Ethane D D
Tetra Chloro Ethylene D D
Tetra Chloro Methane D C
Tetra Chloro Naphthalene - D
Tetra Decanol - A
Tetra Ethyl Lead C B
Tetra Ethyl Lead "Blend" D B
Tetra Ethyl Orthsilicate A A
Tetra Ethylene Glycol - A
Tetra Fluoro Methane D D
Tetra Hydro Benzene B A
Tetra Hydro Furan D D
Tetra Hydro Naphthalene D D
Tetralin D D
Tetra Methyl Ethylene Glycol A A
Tetrane A A
Tetrol D D
Tetrylformate, Normal D D
Texaco-Capelia A and AA B A
Texaco-3450 Gear Oil D A
Texaco-Meropa #3 B A
Texaco-Regal B D A
Texaco-Uni-Temp. Grease B A
Texmatic "A" Transmission Oil B A
Texamatic "A" 1581 Fluid B A
Texas 1500 Oil B A
Thenardite A A

Theta Octadecenoic Acid B D
T.H.F. - D
Thioethyl Alcohol D D
Thiofuran D D
Thiokol TP-90B B D
Thiokol TP-95 B D
Thionyl Chloride D -
Thiophene (Thiophen) D D
Tidewater Oil-Beedol B A
Tidewater Oil Multigear 140, EP Lube B A
Tin Bichloride C A
Tin Bisulfide - A
Tin Bronze - A
Tin Chlorides A A
Tin Crystals A A
Tin Dichloride A A
Tin Protochloride A A
Tin Salt A A
Tin Tetra Chloride - A
Tincal (Tinkal) B B
Titanic Chloride D C
Titanium Tetra Chloride D C
T.N.T. B D
Toilet Vinegar B C
Tolit B D
Toluene (Toluol) D C
Toluene Dilsocyanate D D
Toluene Trichloride - D
Toluidine (Toluldin) - D
Toluol (Toluole) D C
Trans-Butenedioic Acid B A
Transformer Oil B A
Transmission Fluid-Automatic B A
Transmission Fluid-Type A B A

Treacle B A
Triacetin B B
Triammonium Phosphate A A
Triaryl Phosphate D D
Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate D D
Tributyl Amine - B
Tributyl Mercaptan D D
Tributyl Phosphate D D
Trichlor Ethylene D C
Trichloro Acetic Acid C B
Trichloro Benzenes D D
Trichloro Ethane D D
Thrichloro Ethylene D C
Trichloro Hydrin - D
Trichloro Methane D D
Trichloro Monofluoro Methane D D
Trichloro Propane - D
x-Trichloro Toluene - D
Trichloro Trifluoro Ethane D D
Tricresyl Phosphate D D
Tridecanol - A
Tridecyl Alcohol - A
Triethanol Amine (Tea) B C
Triethyl Aluminum D D
Triethyl Amine - B
Trieyhyl Borane D D
Triethylene Glycol - A
Trifluoro Ethane D D
Trifluoro Vinyl Chloride - D
Triformol B B
Trihydroxy Benzoic Acid C D
2,3,4-Trihydroxy Benzoic Acid C D
3,4,5-Trihydroxy Benzoic Acid C D
Trihydroxy Ethyl Amine B B
Trihydroxy Triethyl Amine B C

Triodo Methane D D
Trilene D C
Trilite B D
1,1.2-Trimethyl Ethane - A
Trimethyl Methane - A
Trimethyl Pentane B A
2,2,4-Trimethyl Pentane B A
2,2,4-Trimethyl -1-Pentane D B
Trimethylene Diamine - B
Trimethylene Glycol - A
Trinidad Pitch B A
Trinitro Phenol C C
2,4,6-Trinitro Phenol A B
Trinitro Toluene (Trinitrotoluol) B D
Trinol B D
Trioctyl Phosphate D D
Triolein C B
Trioxin B B
Trioxy Methylene B B
Triphenyl Phosphate - D
Tripoly Phosphate B D
Trisodium Phosphate A A
Tritolyl Phosphate D D
Triton B D
Tortyl B D
x-Or 2,4,6-Trotyl B D
TT-N-95A C A
TT-N-97B C B
TT-I-735B B A
TT-S-735, Type I B A
TT-S-735, Type II & III C A
TT-S-735, Type IV A A
TT-S-735, Type V & VI B A
TT-T-656B D D
T-U Neoprene Buna-N/ Nitrile

Turbine Oil D B
Turbine Oil-#15 (MIL-L-7808) D B
Turbo Oil-#35 B A
Turpentine D A
Turpentine Substitute D D
Turps D A
Tutia - A
Two Four D With 10% Fuel Oil A A
Type I Fuel (MIL-S-3136(ASTM Ref: Fuel A) B A
Type II Fuel (MIL-S-3136) D B
Type III Fuel(MIL-S-3136)
(ASTM Ref: Fuel B) D A
Ucon-Hydrolube Oils B A
Ucon-Hydrolube J-4 B A
Ucon-Lubricant LB-65 A A
Ucon-Lubricant LB-300X & LB-300 A A
Ucon-Lubricant 50-HB55 A A
Ucon-Lubricant 50-HB-100 A A
Ucon-Oil 50-HB-280X (Polycrylon Glycol) A A
Ucon-Oil LB-385 A A
Ucon-Oil LB-400X A A
U.D.M.H. B B
Undecanol - A
Univis 40 (Hydr. Fluid) B A
Univolt #35 (Mineral Oil) B A
Unslaked Lime A A
Unsymmetrical Dimethyl Hydrazine(UDMH) B B
Uran B B
V Neoprene Buna-N/ Nitrile

Valerianic Acid D D
Valeric Acid D D
Valerone D D
Varnish D B
Vaseline B A
Vegetable Gelatin B B
Vegetable Oil's C A
Verdigris B B
Versilube-F44 & F50 A A
Vinegar B C
Vinegar-Aromatic B C
Vinegar-Distilled B C
Vinegar Acid (See Acetic Acid) - -
Vinegar Naphtha D D
Vinegar Salts B B
Vinesthine - B
Vinethine - B
Vinyl Acetate D D
Vinyl Acetylene B A
Vinyl Benzene D D
Vinyl Chloride D D
Vinyl Cyanide D D
Vinyl Ether - B
Vinyl Oxide - B
Vinyl Toluene - D
Vinyl Trichloride D D
Vinylene Chloride D D
Vitriol, Oil of D D
V.M. & P Naphtha B A
VV-B-680 B B
VV-G-632 A A
VV-G-671C A A
VV-H-910 B C
VV-I-530A B A
VV-K-211D C A
V-W Neoprene Buna-N/ Nitrile

VV-K-220A B A
VV-L-751B B B
VV-L-800 B A
VV-L-820B B A
VV-L-825A, Type I & II A A
VV-L-825A, Type III B B
VV-O-526 A A
VV-P-216A B A
VV-P-236 B B
Wagner 21B Fluid B C
Walnut Oil B A
Washing Soda A A
Water B A
Water-Acid Mine C A
Water-Deionized A B
Water-Distilled, Lab., Ret. Cond C A
Water-Drinking B A
Water-Fresh B A
Water-Heavy B A
Water-Seawater/River Water B B
Water, Glass A A
Water Proofing Salt B B
Wax A A
Wemco C B A
Whiskey and Wines A A
White Caustic B B
White Copperas A A
White Lead Sulfate A B
White Liquor A A
White Oil B A
White Pine Oil D B
White Vitriol A A
Whitening A A
W-X Neoprene Buna-N/ Nitrile

Whiting A A
Wines A A
Wintergreen Oil D D
Wintergreen Oil, Artificial D D
Wolmar Salts B A
Wood Alcohol A A
Wood Naphtha A A
Wood Oil B A
Wood Spirit A A
Wood Tar D B
Wood Vinegar C D
Wool Oil A A
Xenon A A
Xylene (Xylol) D D
Xylidene D C
Xylidene's Mixed. Aromatic Amines D C
Xylidine's (Xylidin) D C
Xylol D C
Xylol Stoddard Solvent D D
Y-Z Neoprene Buna-N/ Nitrile

Yellow Petrolatum B A
Yperite A -
Zala B B
Zeolite (Zeolitic) C B
Zinc Acetate B B
Zinc Butter A A
Zinc Carbonate - A
Zinc Chloride A A
Zinc Chromate - -
Zinc Salts A A
Zinc Silicate, Native B B
Zinc Sulfate A A
Zinc Sulfate-Heptahydrate A A
Zinc Sulphate A A
Zinc Vitriol A A
Zinc Yellow - -
Zirlite A B
Natural Urethane EPDM Silicone Hypalon Viton/ Flourel Teflon/ Flourel
A D A A A B A
- - - - - - A
C D A A C D A
C D A B B C A
B - A - A D A
C - C - D D A
- - - - - - A
B D A A A A A
B D A A B A A
B D A A B B A
B D A A B B A
B D A B B C A
B D B B C D A
B D A A B A A
B D B B B C A
B D B B C D A
D D C C C D A
C D B C A D A
C D A A C D A
C D B C A D A
D D B B D D A
D D B B D D A
C D B C A D A
D D B B D D A
A - - - - - A
C D B B D D A
C D B B D D A
- - - - - - A
B D A B C D A
- - - - - - A
C D D A C D A
B D A A B D A
B - B - B D A
C D A D D D A

A - - - - - A
D C A D D D A
C B A - D D A
C D A D D D A
D D C C D A A
C D B C A D A
D - B - D D A
B - A B B A A
D - - - D A A
D - - - D A A
D D A - - A A
D - D C D A A
B - B A A A A
A - - - A A A
A - A - A A A
B - - - B A A
C D A B B C A
B - - - B A A
C - D D C D A
A C A D A B A
D A C B C A A
D A D D B A A
A - - - - - A
D - - - D D A
D - - - D A A
D A D B A A A
D D A C D D A
D D A C D D A
D A D B A A A
D A D B A A A
D A D B A A A
D D D D D A A
D D A D D D A

C - C - D A A
C - C - D A A
B B B D C A A
A - - - - - A
A - - - - - A
A - - - - - A
A A A A B A A
B A A A A A A
B B A A A A A
D C B A B A A
D D D A D A A
D D D B D C A
D A D B B A A
A - - - - - A
- - - - - - A
A D A A A B A
A D A A A B A
A - A - A A A
C - C - - A A
A D A A A B A
A D A A A B A
A D A A A B A
A D A A A B A
A D A A A D A
D - A - B B A
A B A A B A A
C D A A C D A
D - D - D A A
D B D D D A A
D B D D B A A
D - - - B A A
D - - - D A A
D C D D D B A

A - A - A B A
B - - - B A A
D - - - D B A
D - D - D B A
D - - - D B A
D - - - D A A
D D B D D D A
D - - - - - A
D - - - - - A
A - - - - - A
D - - - - - A
A - A A A A A
A D A D B D A
A - - - - - A
A - - - - - A
A C A A A A A
A C A B A A A
B C A B A A A
D - - - D D A
A - A - B C A
A C A B A B A
A - A A A A A
A - A A A A A
A C A A A A A
A A A A A A A
B D A A A A A
A - A A A D A
D B D D C A A
D A C B B A A
A - A - A A A
B D B B D D A
B D A B B C A
D D B D D B A

B C B B B D A
B C B B B D A
B - - - B - A
C - - - C D A
A - A - - - A
D - C D D C A
C - D - C D A
B - - - B - A
D - - - D B A
A - A A A A A
D D A C C D A
- - - - - - A
A - - - - - A
C - - - A A A
A A A A A D A
D - B A B D A
D D B D D D A
B A A A A B A
A A A B A A A
A - - - - - A
C - B - C A A
A - - - - - A
D - - - - - A
A - - - - - A
A - A - A - A
A - A - A - A
D - - - - - A
A - A B B A A
A A A B A A A
A - A - A - A
A - - - - - A
A - A - A - A
A - A A A A A

D - - - - - A
D - - - - - A
A - - - - - A
B A A A A B A
C D A A A C A
B D A A A B A
A - A - A A A
B - A - B A A
A A A B A A A
B D A B A A A
- - A - A - A
B - A B A D A
A D B - A A A
A D A - A - A
A D A - - - A
A - A A A A A
A - A A A A A
A - A A A A A
A - A A A A A
A - A - A A A
A - A A A C A
A A A A A B A
A - A - A B A
A - - - A A A
A A A A A B A
A - A - A A A
A - A - A A A
D - - - D C A
A D A D B D A
C D A D C D A
C D A D C D A
D - - - D D A
D - - - - - A

C - D - C D A
D - D - A A A
D - D - D B A
A D C B B A A
D - D D D A A
D D D D D A A
D - D - C - A
A - - - - - A
D D D D B A A
D - D - D D A
D D D D D A A
D - - D D - A
D - - - D A A
D - - - D C A
D - D - D A A
D D D D D A A
D D D D D A A
D D D D D A A
D - - - D B A
D - - - D B A
B D A B B A A
D D D B D A A
D D A C C D A
B A A A A A A
D D B - B D A
D - A - - D A
D D B D D B A
D C B B C A A
B D B D D B A
B D B C B B A
B D B D D B A
C D B D D B A
B D B D D B A

A C A A A A A
B A B A A A A
D - B B - A A
D A - B D A A
D B B B C A A
D - - - D B A
D A D B B A A
D A D D B A A
D A D D C A A
B B B D C A A
D B C D D D A
D B C D D D A
D D A C B D A
A A A A A A A
D - - - D - A
- - A - - A A
- - A - - A A
D - - - D - A
- - A - - A A
D B D D B A A
A - D B B A A
A - - - B C A
D D C D C B A
D - - - - - A
D B C A C A A
A A A A A A A
D A A B D A A
D - B C D A A
D - B B D A A
D - B C D A A
A - - A A A A
D D D D D A A
D D D D D A A

D - - - D A A
A B A A B A A
- - - - - - A
A - - - A A A
B C A A A A A
D - D - D D A
D - D - D D A
D - D - D D A
D - D - D D A
D - D - D D A
D D D D D B A
B B A A B A A
A - - - B B A
D D D D D A A
D B D D C A A
D A D D C A A
D B D D D A A
D D D D D A A
D A D A B A A
D B D D D A A
D B D C C A A
D D D D D A A
D B D D D A A
D D D D D A A
D B D D D A A
D A D D D A A
B A D D D A A
B - A A B A A
D B D D D A A
D B D D C A A
- - A C B D A
D - D - D A A
C - C B D D A

A - A A A A A
D D B D C D A
D A A B B A A
D D D D D A A
A - A - A A A
A A A A A A A
B B A A A A A
B B A A A A A
A - - - - - A
B A A A A A A
A - - - - - A
A A A A A A A
B A A A B A A
B A A A A A A
A A A B A A A
A - - - - - A
D D D D D A A
D B D D D A A
A D A A A A A
A D A A A A A
A D A A A A A
A - - - - - A
A - - - - - A
- - - - - - A
C D B - B A A
D D B D D D A
D D D D D A A
D D B D D D A
D D D D D B A
D D B B B A A
D D B D D D A
D D C D B A A
D D D D A A A
D D B D D B A
D B D D C A A

D B D D C A A
D - D A D A A
D - - - - - A
D - A - D A A
D D B B B A A
D D B D D D A
D D D D D A A
D D B C D D A
D D D D D A A
D B D D C A A
D - - - - - A
D - - - - - A
- D B - - A A
- - - - - - A
- D B - - A A
D D D D D B A
D D B D D D A
D - - - B D A
C D B - B A A
D - B - D A A
D D D D D A A
D - C - D B A
A A A B A A A
A - A A A A A
B - A A A A A
- - - - C - A
D D D D D A A
D - D C C A A
D - - - D C A
D - C - D B A
- - A - A A A
- - A - A A A
- - A - A A A
A - A A A A A
B D B B B A A
D D D - C A A
C C A C C A A
B D B B B A A
A A A B A A A
C D C A C A A
- - A - - A A
D D A B A A A
C D A B A A A
D B B D B A A
B A A A A A A
C A A A A A A
A A A A A A A
B A A A A A A
C A A A A A A
D C D C C A A
D B B D B A A
B - - - - - A
D B B B C A A
D - - - D A A
A A A A A A A
B A A B A A A
A - - - - - A
B D A B A A A
A A A A A A A
D D D D D A A
- - A C B D A
- - A C B D A
- - A - B D A
- - A C B D A
- - A C B D A
D - - - - - A
C B B D A A A

D D D D D A A
B D A B B D A
D A D D D A A
A C A D A D A
A C A D A D A
A A A A A A A
- - D D D - A
D - D D B B A
D - - - D B A
C - C - D A A
D D D D D A A
D D C C D A A
D D D C C B A
D D D D D D A
D D D D D D A
D D D D B A A
D D D D D A A
D - B - D B A
D D D D D A A
C - C - D A A
D D C D D B A
D - C - D A A
D - D - D B A
D - - - D B A
C D B D C D A
B - A - A D A
A A A B A B A
- - - - - - A
D - D - D A A
D B D B D A A
A - A A A A A
A - - - - - A
A - A - A - A

A - - - - - A
D D C - B A A
D D C D B B A
D D B C C D A
D C D D B A A
D D D D B A A
D D D D B A A
C - C - C A A
B - B - C B A
A D B B A A A
A D A B A B A
B D A A A B A
D D A D D D A
D D A C D D A
A - - - - - A
D - D - - A A
D D D D D A A
C - D - D A A
B - A B B A A
D D A - B D A
D D A - B D A
D A A B B A A
- - A - - A A
A B B B A A A
A A A A A A A
- - - - C - A
D D B D C D A
D - C D D D A
D - - - - - A
D - - - D D A
D D A - C A A
D - D - D D A
A D B B A A A
A D A B A B A

A D A B A B A
D D B C C D A
D D D B C D A
D D D B D D A
D - - - D A A
D - A - D A A
D - - - D C A
D - - - D B A
D - B - D C A
- - - - - A A
D - A B A A A
D D A - B D A
D D B B D B A
D - - - D A A
D B C D C D A
D - - - D D A
D - - - B - A
D - - - - - A
A D B B A A A
D C D D B A A
A D B B A A A
D - - - - - A
- - - - - - A
D - B B D A A
D B C D C D A
D - - - D C A
D - B - D A A
A D A B A B A
D D D D C A A
D D B C C D A
B - B - C B A
A - - - - - A
C - - - B - A
D - - - D D A
D - A - - - A

D - - - - - A
D - - - A D A
- - - - - A A
D D D D D A A
A - - - - - A
B - - - A A A
- D A - - A A
- - - - - A A
A - - - - - A
B D A D B D A
A - - - A A A
- - - - C - A
A A A B A A A
C A D A A A A
C A D A A A A
A C A A A A A
B - B - A A A
A A A A A A A
A - A A A - A
- - - - - A A
A A A A B A A
A C A A A B A
D D A - A A A
C D A B B A A
A - A - A - A
A A A B A A A
A - A - A - A
C D A B A A A
A A A A A A A
A A A B A A A
A - A - A A A
B - - - - - A
A - A - A A A

A - - - A A A
B A A B A A A
B A A A A A A
B A A A A A A
A - A A A - A
B - A D A A A
A A A B A A A
A - A - A - A
D B D C D A A
A D A A A A A
A D A A A A A
C - - - B - A
C D B B - D A
D - - - - - A
B D A B A A A
D B D D B A A
D - - - A D A
A D C B B A A
C - - - B - A
B D A B A A A
D - - - D D A
D D B - B A A
A - - - A - A
C B B D A A A
A D A A A D A
C D B B B B A
D - - - B - A
D - - - - B A
D D D D C A A
D D D D C A A
D C D C D A A
B A B A A A A
D C D C D A A

B A A A A A A
C A C A B A A
D - D D - A A
D D D D D A A
D - B - D - A
A A A A A A A
A A A A A A A
B A B A A A A
B A B A A A A
A - - - - - A
A - A - B - A
D D B - D D A
D D D D D B A
A - A - A A A
D - - - D A A
B A B A A A A
B B A A A A A
A C A A A B A
B B B B A C A
A B A B B B A
D - - - D - A
D D B D B C A
D D B D C D A
D D A - B D A
A D A A A A A
B - - - - C A
D D A - D B A
D D A A D A A
D D A - D B A
D D D D D A A
D D D D B A A
B A B D C A A
A - - - - - A

B - A D A A A
B - A C A A A
B - A D A A A
D B C C B B A
D C C D B A A
D B C C B B A
A - - - - - A
D C C D B A A
D D B - D D A
D - D - D B A
B B B D C A A
B D A C B A A
D D D D D A A
C D A B A A A
D D D C B A A
D - D - D A A
D - D - - - A
C D A B A A A
B D D D B A A
D D D D D A A
D - - - - - A
D D B D C A A
D D C - C A A
D - - - - - A
D D C C C A A
D D D - D A A
C - D - D B A
D - D - D C A
D D C C C A A
D D D D D D A
B - - - B A A
D - C - B A A
C D C C B C A

C - - - - - A
D - D - D B A
D - C C B A A
- - - - - - A
D D D D D B A
D D D D D A A
D D D D D A A
D D D D D A A
D D B D D B A
D D D D C A A
D D D D C A A
D - - - D A A
D D B D D D A
D D D D D A A
B B B D C A A
C D C C B C A
B D A C B A A
C - C - D A A
B D A C B A A
D - D - D A A
D D D D D A A
C D B C B A A
D D C D D A A
D D D D D A A
D D D D D C A
D - D D D A A
D - D D D A A
D - D - D B A
D D D D D A A
D D D D C A A
D - - - D D A
D - D - D B A
D - D - D B A
D - - - - - A

D D B D D D A
D D D D D C A
D - - - D A A
D D D D D A A
D D D D D A A
D - - - - - A
D D B - B A A
A - A A A A A
A - - - - - A
D D D B D A A
D D C C B A A
D D A C A A A
D D B C A A A
D D B C B A A
D D B B A A A
D - - - - - A
A - - - - - A
A - A A A A A
B B B D B A A
D D D D D A A
D C D D D A A
D A D D B A A
B A A A A A A
A - - - - - A
D - B - D - A
D A D D B A A
D B D D D A A
D B D D D A A
D - - - - - A
D B D D D A A
D - D - D A A
D B D C B A A
D D D D D A A
A D A B A A A

A D A A A A A
D - - - - - A
D B B A B A A
D B B A B A A
D A A B B A A
A D A A A A A
- - - - B A A
C D D B B A A
D B A D C A A
A - B - - - A
B A B A A A A
A D A A A B A
A D A A A D A
A D A A A D A
D B A D C A A
A - A A A A A
A A A A A A A
D B D D D - A
D D D D B A A
D D D D B A A
A D A D C D A
A - A - A A A
B A A A A A A
B A A A A A A
A A A A B A A
C - - - B C A
C - - - B C A
C - - - A A A
C - A - A A A
C - - - A A A
A A A A A A A
B A A A A A A
B B A A A A A
A C A A A A A

C - - - A A A
C A A A A A A
A - A - A A A
D A A - B A A
D A C A B A A
B A A A A A A
B - B A A A A
B - B A A A A
D A D D B A A
D A B A B A A
D D D D C A A
D - D D D A A
D D D D C A A
D B D D C A A
D C D D C A A
D C D D D A A
D D D D C A A
D D D D C A A
D D D D C A A
D - - - D D A
D C D D C A A
A - B - - A A
- - A - - A A
D - - - - - A
D - - - - - A
D - - - - - A
- - A - B - A
- - - - - - A
A - A A A A A
- - A - B - A
B - A D A A A
B - A C A A A
B - A C A A A

- - A - B - A
A - A - A A A
C - - - A A A
B A A A A A A
A A A A B A A
C - - - B C A
C - A - A A A
C - - - A A A
B A A A A A A
C - - - A A A
C A A A A A A
D A D D B A A
A - A A A - A
B - B - B D A
D B D D D A A
C D C D B A A
D D B D D D A
D D D D D A A
D A D D B A A
D - D - D A A
D - - - D B A
D - - - D D A
D D D D D B A
D C D C C A A
D C A B D B A
D - D - D A A
D D D D D A A
D D D D D A A
D - - - D D A
D B D B C A A
A - - - A B A
A - - - A B A
A - - - A B A
D - - - D C A

D - D - D A A
A D A A A B A
A - - - - - A
D D D D D A A
- - A C B D A
D - - - - - A
A D A A A B A
A - - - A A A
B D A A A A A
A D A A A - A
A - B A A A A
D B D D D A A
D - - - B - A
A B A A A A A
B - - - - - A
B - - - - - A
B - - - - - A
D C A D D D A
B C A B B D A
B - - - - - A
D D A C C D A
D D A C C D A
B D A A B D A
A - A A A A A
B - - - C - A
D - - - D C A
D - - - D A A
D - - - D A A
D - - - - - A
D - D D C B A
D B B - D D A
D C B C D B A
D - - - D A A
D D C D D B A
D D D D D A A

D - - - D B A
D - - - D A A
- - - - - - A
C D D C C C A
D B C D C C A
D C A B D N A
D D B B D B A
A - - - A A A
C D A B B B A
B - - - D D A
D D D D D A A
D D D D D A A
D D D D D A A
A - A A A A A
B A B D B B A
D - - - D A A
D D D - D B A
D D C C D B A
B - - - D D A
D - - - D - A
D - - - D - A
D - D - D A A
D - D D D D A
D - - - D A A
D B C D D C A
D D D D D B A
D - - - D A A
D - D - D A A
D - D - D B A
D D D - D C A
D - D - D B A
D - D - D B A
D - - - D A A
D C D D B A A

D D D D D A A
B - - - C - A
- - - - - - A
- - - - - - A
B C B B C D A
D D D D D A A
A - - - A B A
D - - - - - A
D A D D C D A
D - B - D D A
C - D - D - A
D A D D C D A
D - - - D C A
D D B B D B A
D - - - D D A
B - - - C - A
D D B D D D A
D - - - - - A
A D A B A A A
D - A B A A A
D - - - - - A
D - - - - - A
D - A A A A A
D D B B B A A
D D B D D D A
B - - - C - A
D D B D D - A
A A B B A A A
D D B D D D A
A A A D A A A
A A B A A A A
B - - - C - A
A - - - A A A
A B A A A A A
B - - - C - A
Natural Urethane EPDM Silicone Hypalon Teflon/ Flourel

A - - - A A
A A B A A A
D - B - D A
D D D D D A
D - - - D A
D - A - D A
D - - - D A
D - - - D A
D D C C D A
D - D - D A
B - - - C A
D D B D D A
B - - - C A
D - D - D D
D - D - C A
D D B D D A
D - - - B A
D C D D B A
B - C - D A
D - C D D A
D D D D A A
A - - - A A
A - C - A A
A D A A A A
D - B A C A
D - - - D A
D - B B D A
B D A B C A
B D A B C A
D C D D B A
D - D - D A
D - - - D A
D - B - D A
D - - - D A
D - - - D A

D D C D D D A
D - - - D A A
D D D D D C A
D - B - D C A
B - - - C - A
D D B C D A A
D B B C D B A
D - - - D A A
A B A A A A A
D D B D D D A
D D B D D D A
D D B D D C A
D - - - - - A
C - D - C B A
D D D D D A A
D D D D D A A
D D D C B A A
- D B - - A A
D - D C C A A
D - - - D C A
D B B B C A A
B - - - C - A
D - - - D D A
D - D - D A A
A - - - A A A
A - - - A - A
D - D - - C A
A B A A B A A
B D A D B D A
D - - - D A A
D - - - B D A
D - - - B D A
D - - - - - A
D - - - D D A
A - - - A B A

A - - - A B A
A - - - A B A
D - - - D A A
D - - - D A A
D - B - A A A
A - - - - - A
D - - - - - A
- - A - B D A
D B - D D - A
- - A - B D A
A A A C A A A
A A A C A A A
A A A C A A A
- - A - - A A
A A A C A A A
A A A C A A A
A A A B A A A
D - C - - C A
- - - - - - A
- - - - - - A
A C A A A A A
D - - - D A A
A - - - - - A
D D D D C A A
D D D D C A A
D B D B D A A
A - - - A A A
- - A C - D A
A D A A A A A
D D D D D A A
D A D D D A A
C - - - - - A
D B D D D A A
D D C C D B A
D - D - - - A

D B C A C A A
D B D D C A A
D D C C D B A
D A D B D A A
D - - - D D A
D D B D D D A
D D B D D D A
D D C D D D A
- - A - - D A
A - A A A A A
- - A - B D A
D D D D D A A
D D D D D B A
D D D D C A A
D D D D D A A
D D D D D A A
D C D D D A A
D D D D D A A
D A D D B A A
D B D D D A A
B A B D C A A
C - A - C D A
C D A A C D A
C D A B B C A
D C D D B A A
B D A A B D A
C D A B B B A
A B A A A A A
B - B - B D A
D - D C D B A
- - - - - - A
C D B C A D A
A D A A A B A

A D A A A B A
B C B B B D A
D D C C D A A
- - C - A A A
D - - - B D A
D - - - B D A
D B C D D C A
A - A - - D A
D - C - D B A
B - A B B A A
B B B C B D A
D D D D D D A
D A D D C D A
D D B D B C A
D D B D B C A
D D B B D D A
B - B - C B A
C D B B D D A
D D B B D D A
D D B D D - A
A D A A A B A
C D A A C D A
D - - - D B A
C - A - C D A
D D D D D A A
D D B D D A A
C - C - D A A
D - - - - - A
A - - - A B A
D - - - B D A
A - - - A B A
B - - - C - A

D - - - D D A
D - D - D C A
D - D - D C A
D - D - - - A
D - D - - - A
D D B D B C A
B B B C B D A
B B B D C A A
D D D D C A A
D D D D C A A
A - A - - D A
D A D D D A A
B - - - - - A
B - - - - - A
D D C C D B A
D - D - - - A
D B D D D D A
D - B - C A A
D - B - C A A
A D A B A A A
C - - - B - A
D - - - B D A
A - - - A B A
D - - - - - A
A D A A A B A
D C D D B A A
D - C - D B A
D - D C D B A
A - - - - - A
D - C - D B A
D - D - B - A
D - D - - - A
D - D C D B A

A D A B A B A
D D A C D D A
- - - D A
B - A - A A A
A A A - D B A
D B C D D C A
C D B B D D A
D D D D D A A
D - - - D C A
D - D - - - A
D - D - B - A
D - - - D D A
D - D - B - A
B - A - A A A
D - - D D A
D - D C D B A
- - C - A A A
C D A C D A A
A B A A A A A
D D C D D B A
G - C - C A A
D D C C D B A
C D B C B A A
B D A C B A A
B D A A B D A
D D C D D B A
D D C C D B A
A B A A A A A
D - A - B C A
C D A C D A A
D D B D C D A
C D A C D A A
D D C D D D A

D D B D D D A
D - D C D A A
D D C D D A A
- - - - - - A
A D A A A B A
D A D D C D A
B - B A A A A
D - D - - - A
D - D - - - A
D - D - - - A
B - A B B A A
A - A - A - A
D - - - D A A
- - D - - A A
A A A D A A A
A - A - A - A
C - D C D A A
- - A A A A A
- - A A A B A
B - - - - - A
B D A D B B A
B - B A A A A
D - - - A D A
A - - - A A A
A A A B B A A
A A A - A A A
C - - - B C A
A A A C A A A
A - - - - - A
A - - - - A
A - - A A A
A A A A A A A
A A A B A A A
A A A A A A A
A - A B A A A
A A A B A A A
A - A A A A A
A - - - - - A
A - - - - - A
A - - - - - A
A - - - - - A
D - - - A D A
- - - - - A A
A - A - B A A
C - - - B C A
A - B - B - A
A - A - A A A
A - - - A A A
A - - - - - A
D - D - C A A
D B D D B A A
D - D - D A A
- - - A - A A
D B B B B A A
D - D - C A A
A - - - - - A
D - D D D A A
A - A - A C A
A B A D A A A
- - A - - A A
D - C D D B A
D - D D D A A
- - A - - - A
D - - - - - A
D - A A A B A
D - B - D - A

B D A B B B A
B D A A A A A
A - A - - D A
B D A B B C A
B D A A A A A
B C A B A A A
D D A D D D A
D A D D B A A
A - B D A A A
D D D D A A A
B A B D A A A
B A B D B B A
D - D D B A A
D - D D B A A
A A A D A A A
A A A D A A A
A A A D A A A
D - D D D D A
C D B D A D A
D - D D - B A
B - A - B D A
A - A - A D A
A A A A A A A
D - D D B A A
D B D D A B A
A A A D A B A
D - D D A B A
A - A D A B A
A - A - A D A
B - A - A D A
A - A - C D A
A - A - D D A
A - A - A A A

A - A - A A A
A - A - - B A
C A B D B A A
D - D D B A A
D - D D D B A
D A D D A B A
A A A A A C A
D A B D A A A
D A D D A D A
B B B C B A A
C - - A A - A
D C D D C A A
D B D A D A A
D B D A D A A
D A D D C A A
D B D D D A A
D D D D D A A
D A D A B A A
D B D D D A A
D B D C C A A
D D D D D A A
A - - B B A A
A A A A A A A
D D D D D B A
D D B D C D A
D D B D C D A
D - D - D C A
D D B D C D A
D D B D C D A
D D B D C D A
D D B D C D A
D - D - D C A
D D B D D D A

D - - - - - A
D - - - B - A
A B A A A A A
C D A C D A A
A - - - - - A
D D A - B D A
C D B C B A A
C D A C D A A
D D C D D B A
D D C C D B A
D D B D B C A
C D A C D A A
A B A A A A A
A - - - - - A
A D A A A B A
B D A D B B A
A B A A A A A
D - C - D A A
D A D D D A A
A A A B A A A
B A B A A A A
A - - - A - A
B - A - A D A
D B C A C A A
D A D D D A A
D A D D D A A
D A D D D A A
A B A A A A A
D D D A B B A
D A D D D A A
D A D D D A A
D A D D D A A
D B D D D A A

A A A A A A A
D D D D D A A
D D D D A A
D A D B A A A
B A A A A B B
D - D A D A A
A - B - A A A
A D A A A - -
D D D D D A A
A A A A A A A
B A A B A A A
C - A C B B B
- - - - - A A
- - A A A A A
D - - - D D D
D - - - D D D
D B D D B A A
D B D D B A A
D - - - B - -
D - - - D D D
D - - - D D D
B D A B A A A
D B D D B D D
D - - - C D D
D - - - - - -
D D D D B A A
B A B D C A A
D A D D B A A
D - D D D A A
C D C D B A A
D - D - D C C
D - - - D B B
D B A B C D D

D B B D D A A
D A D D B A A
D B D D B A A
D B D D B A A
A - - - - - A
D - - - D D A
A D C B B A A
D A D D C A A
D D B D D D A
C - - - B - A
A D C A B A A
C - - - C D A
D B D D B A A
D - - - D D A
D A D D C A A
A - C - A A A
- D A A - A A
- D A A B A A
D D A C D D A
D - - - D A A
- D A B - B A
- D A B - B A
D - A C D A A
D D A C D A A
D D D C D A A
A - A - B C A
A - A - B C A
B A A A A A A
B B A A A A A
A C A A A B A
D D B B D A A
D A D C B A A
D D A C C D A

A - C - D A A
A - C - D A A
A D A D A A A
A D A D A A A
B - - - - - A
D B D D D A A
D B D D B A A
D D D D D A A
D - D - D A A
D - D - B A A
- - - - - A A
D B D D C A A
C - D - C B A
A B A C A A A
A C A C A A A
A D A C A A A
B D A C A A A
B D B C B A A
C D C D C A A
C D C D D A A
C - A D B A A
B B B D C A A
D - D - - - A
B C A B A A A
A - A - - D A
D B A B D A A
D B A B D A A
D - B D A D A
A D A D A A A
B D A D A A A
D - B D A A A
D - C D A A A
D D D D D C A

A - - - - - A
B - - - - - A
D - - - - - A
B C A B A A A
B - B A B A A
D - B A B A A
D - B A C A A
D C C B C B A
D - D - A A A
B A V D A A A
A C A A A B A
B - A A B A A
D - B A B A A
D - B A C A A
D C C B C B A
D - C B C B A
A B A C A D A
D B A C D D A
D B A C B D A
D - A C D D A
D - D B D B A
- D A B - A A
C - D - C B A
C - B - C A A
C - A C B B A
D - - - - - A
D D D D C A A
A - A - A A A
A D B B A A A
A - D B B A A
B D A C B A A
D D B D B C A
D D B D C D A

B C B B B D A
A A A A A A A
B - D - A B A
C - D - C B A
A - - - - - A
B - B A A A A
A - D B B A A
C D B - B A A
B - A D - D A
D D A - D D A
D D A - D D A
D D A - D D A
D D A - D D A
D - - - - - A
C D A D D D A
A A A A A A A
B - B - D B A
- - A - - A A
D B D D D A A
D B D D D A A
D B D D D A A
D B D D D A A
D D B - A B A
D D D D D D A
D - - - - - A
D - - - - - A
D - C - D B A
D D A D D D A
A - A - - - A
D - D - D D A
D - D - D D A
B - - - - - A
D - - - A D A

A A A B B A A
A A A A A A A
C - - - B C A
A - - - A A A
A - A C A A A
A - - - - - A
A - - - - - A
A - A - B A A
A - - - A A A
A A A B B A A
A - A A A A A
A - - - - - A
A - - - A A A
A A A B A A A
A A A B A A A
A A A B B A A
A A A B A A A
A A A B B A A
C - - - B C A
D D B D C D A
C D A D C D A
A C A D A B A
D - B - D A A
D - - - D A A
D - D - D A A
D - D - B - A
D - D - B - A
D - - - D A A
D - - - D C A
D - - - D A A
A D A A A B A
D - D - C D A
A D A A A A A
C - - - C C A
D - A - D A A
A C B D A A A
D - - - D B A
D - - - B - A
D - - - D A A
D - A - - - A
D - D D A A A
D B D D B A A
D - - - D A A
D D B D D D A
A D A A A A A
B - - - C - A
D D B D A D A
A D A A A A A
C - - - C D A
D D D D D A A
B D A A A B A
D D D D D B A
D - - - - - A
D B D D C D A
D - D D D A A
D D D D D B A
D D D D D B A
A - - - - - A
A - - - - - A
D B D D D A A
D B D D D A A
D B D D D A A
D B D D D A A
D D D D D A A
D - D D D D A
D B D D C A A

B B B B A C A
A - A A A A A
D B D C D A A
B B B D C A A
- - A A A B A
D B D D D A A
D B D D D A A
D - B - D D A
D A D D D A A
B D A A B D A
D D A C D D A
C D A - D D A
D - - - - - A
B A B D B B A
D C B B C A A
A - - - - - A
D D B D D B A
D D - - - - A
D D D D D D A
D D D D D D A
D - B - B D A
B - B A A A A
D - D - B A A
D - - - B A A
D - - - B A A
D A C B C A A
C - B - V A A
A - - - A A A
D B D D D A A
A - - - A B A
D D D D D A A
A - - - - - A
B C A D C D A
B - - - B - A
B - - - A - A

A - A B B A A
B - - - - - A
B D A D C D A
B - A B A A -
B - A - A A A
D - C - C A A
D - D - D A A
B - - - - - A
D A D D B A A
A - A A A A A
C - - - - - A
D C B B C A A
D A D D D A A
D B D A D A A
A B C - D A A
A - A - A - A
A A A A B A A
B - A A B A A
A - A - A - A
A C A A A B A
C D A B A A A
A A A B A A A
C - - - - - A
C A A C C A A
A A A A A A A
A A A B A A A
A C A C B B A
D - A A A A A
B - C - B A A
A A A A B A A
A - A - A A A
D - A - D A A
D D A C C B A
D - - - - - A

D - D B D B A
D - D B D B A
D B B B B A A
D B B D B A A
D B B D B A A
D D D D D D A
B A A A A A A
D A D C D A A
D - - - B A A
A - A - A A A
D - D D D A A
B D B B B A A
D D D - C A A
- - A - - A A
A A A B A A A
- D A - - A A
A - B - - - A
B A A A B A A
B - B D B A A
B - B D B A A
B - B D B A A
D A D C D A A
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C D B B A A A
B D B B D A A
A A A A A A A
- - - - - A A
A - - A - - A
A - A D B A A
B - A - A A A
- - - - A A A
A A A A A A A
B - A B B A A
B D B D B A A
A A A D A A A
A A A D A A A
A A A A A A A
A A A B A A A
A A A A A A A
A - - - - - A
A - A - A A A
A - A A A A A
A - - - - - A
A - - - - - A
A A A A A A A
A A A A A A A
A A A A A A A
B A A A A A A

B A A A A A A
B D B D B A A
A - A A A A A
A A A A A A A
A - - - - - A
A - - - - - A
D B D C D A A
A - A A A A A
D B D D B A A
D B D D B A A
D D D D D A A
D B B D A A A
D B C A C A A
A D A A A B A
D - - - D A A
B A A A A B A
D D D C D A A
B B A A B C A
A D A A A B A
D A B A D D A
D B D D D A A
D B D D D A A
D A D D B A A
A B B B D A A
A - B B C A A
A - - - A - A
A D B B A A A
A D A B A A A
A - - - A - A
B A A A A A A
D - D D D A A
D D A D B D A

D D A D C D A
D D C D D D A
C A B B B A A
D A D D D A A
D - - - - - A
D C D D D B A
D C D D D B A
D C D D D A A
D C D D D A A
B - B A A A A
B - - - - - A
A D A A A A A
B D A D C D A
A D A A A A A
B - - - B - A
B - - - B - A
B - B D B A A
B - B D B A A
D - - - C D A
B - - - B - A
D B A B A A A
D D A B C A A
D - D C B A A
C - A B D A A
B - A B B A A
D - A B D D A
B - A B C A A
D - A B B B A
B - B D B A A
D D C C D A A
D - D C B A A
D - D C A A A
C - B B C A A
D B C B B A A

B A A B A A A
C - A C B B A
B C A D B A A
B D B D B A A
C D B D B A A
C D B D B A A
D D B D B A A
D D C D C A A
D D D D D A A
C - B B C A A
D D B D B A A
B C A D B A A
D D D D D B A
D D D D D B A
C C B D B A A
D B C D D C A
B D A D A A A
B D B D A A A
B D C C A A A
C - B A B A A
D - - - - - A
B - B D A A A
A - - - - A A
D A D D B A A
D A D D B A A
D A D D B A A
D D D - B A A
- - - - - - A
D A D D D A A
D A D D D A A
D - D C D B A
D B A D B A A
D - D - C A A
B A A A B A A
A - - - - - A

A A A A A A A
D - D - C A A
D - D - C A A
D A A B B A A
A A C B A A A
A A B B A A A
A A B B A A A
- - - - B A A
B - - - - - A
D - - - D A A
D - D B C A A
D - - - D A A
D B D D D A A
D - - - - - A
B A A A A A A
A A B A A A A
B A A A A A A
D - - - D - A
D - - - - - A
C C A C C B A
B - - - - - A
B D A - B D A
D D D D D A A
D D D D D A A
D D D D D A A
D D D D D A A
D B C - D A A
B D A B A B A
C D B - B A A
C - - - - A A
D D D D D A A
D - D D D A A
D D D D - A A
B - A - A A A

D - - - D B A
D - - - - - A
D - - - - D A
D - D C D - A
D D D D D A A
D D D D D A A
D - - - D B A
A - - - A B A
D - D - D A A
D - D - D A A
D - - - - - A
A - - - A A A
D - B - D - A
D A D D C A A
D C B - D D A
D - D D D A A
D - D D D A A
A - C - A A A
D C D D B A A
D - D - D C A
D - - - - - A
D B D D D A A
D A D D D A A
D B D D D A A
D A D D D A A
D A D B D A A
D B D D D A A
D B D D D A A
D B D D D A A
D B D D D A A
D B D D D A A
D A D B D A A
A A A A A A A

D - - - - - A
D - - A D D A
D - D C D C A
D - D - - A A
- - A - B A A
- - A - B A A
D - D - - A A
D - D - - C A
D A D B D A A
D A D D B A A
A B B B C - A
A - - - A A A
A - - - A - A
A B B A A A A
A B B B A A A
A B B B A A A
A B B B A A A
A B B B A A A
A - - - A - A
B A A B A A A
D D D D D A A
D D D D D A A
D - D C B A A
B B A A B A A
D - D C B B A
D D D D D A A
D - B D D A A
- - - - - - A
D - - - D B A
D D D D D A A
A - - B B A A
D D D B D A A
D B D D C A A
D C D D D A A

B D A A A A A
B D A - B D A
A - A A A A A
D D A C D A A
B D A - D A A
B - - - C - A
D - D D D A A
C D A - D D A
D D D D D A A
C D B - C C A
D - - - D B A
D D D D D A A
D D D D D A A
D - - - D A A
D D D D D A A
D - - - - - A
D - - - D A A
- - - - - - A
D - - - - - A
D D A C C B A
A - - - A B A
A - - - A B A
B D A - B D A
D - - - - B A
B - - - C - A
D - - - - A A
A - - - A A A
D D D D D A A
D - - - - - A
D - - B C A
A D B - B A A
A D B - B A A
A D B - B A A
C - - - - - A
B D A - B D A

D D A D D D A
D D D D D A A
D - D C B B A
D - - - D A A
D - - - D A A
D B D D B A A
D B D D B A A
D D D D D A A
B - - - C - A
A - A - A A A
D B D D C A A
C B B D A A A
B B B D B A A
D - D C B B A
D - D C B B A
D D A C D B A
D - - - - - A
D - - - B C A
D - - - B C A
D - - - C C A
D D A C D B A
A A A - A A A
D D A C C B A
D - D C B B A
D - D C B B A
D - D C B B A
D C D D C A A
D C D D C A A
A B A A B A A
D B D D C A A
D C D D C A A
D A D D A A A
D B D C B A A
D D A D D D A

D A D D D A A
D D D D D A A
D A D D D A A
D D D D D A A
D - - - - - A
D - D D D A A
A - - - A A A
D - D - - A A
D B D D B A A
D B D D D A A
D B D D D A A
D D A A - A A
- D A A - A A
B D A A B A A
A - A A A A A
A - A A A A A
A - A A A A A
A - A A A A A
A - A A A A A
A - A A A A A
A - A A A A A
A - A A A A A
A - A A A A A
A - A A A A A
A - A A A A A
A - A A A A A
A - A A A A A
A - A D A D A
A - - A A B A
D A D D B A A
D A D D D A A
A - A - A - A
A - A D A D A
B - - - - - A

A - A - - - A
A - A - - - A
D - B - D D A
D C D D D A A
D A D D B A A
A - - - - - A
D - B A B A A
- - A - B - A
A A A C A A A
B D A A A A A
A B A A B A A
A B A A B A A
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D D B B D D A
B - A - A D A
D - - - B D A
D - - - B D A
D - - - C D A
B - A B B A A
D C D D D A A
C - C - D A A
C - D D C D A
D - - - B D A
D - - - B D A
D - - - D A A
D - - - D A A
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D - C D C A A
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D A D C A A A
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D C D D C A A
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D A D C A A A
D C D D C A A
D A D C A A A
D B D C B A A
D C D D C A A
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D - - - - A A
A - A A A A A
A C A A A B A
A A A A A A A
A - - - - - A
A A A A A A A
A D A A A A A
A A A A A A A
A D A A A - A
A A A A A A A
A - A A A A A
A - - - - - A
D - D - A - A
D A D D D A A
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A C A C B B A
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A - A - A - A
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D - D D D A A
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A - A - A A A

A - A - A A A
A D A A A A A
D - C - - B A
D - C - D B A
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A D A A A D A
A D A A A D A
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D D D C D A A
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D D D D D C A
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D D D D D C A
D D D D D A A
D - - - D A A

D A D D B A A
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B A A B A A A
B - A - A A A
A D A D C D A
A A A A A A A
A - - - A A A
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A A A A A A A
B - A A A A A
A - A A A A A
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A - A - B C A

Fluid Compatibility of Metals

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Fluid Compatibility of Metals

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A - Recommended

B - Minor to moderate effect. Proceed with caution C - Unsatisfacto

Kg per square cm 1 14,22 0,9678

Pounds per square inch 007 031 1 0,06804

Atmosphere 10 332 14,696 1

Bar 101 972 145,038 0,98692

Inches of Mercury 003 453 0,4912 0,03342

Kilopascals 00 101 972 0,145038 0,0098696

Inches of Water 0 002 538 0,0361 0,002456

Feet of Water 03 045 0,4332 0,02947

1 ounce per square inch = 0.0625 pounds per square inch

Cubic Inches 0,01639 1 5,787 * 10-4

Kilometers 1000 39 ,370 3280,83

1 meter = 100 cm = 1000 mm = 0,001 km = 1,000 ,000 micrometers

Jan-64 0,015625 0,3969 1-Apr

0,01969 0,5 17/64

Jan-32 0,03125 0,7938

0,0315 0,8 19/64

0,04 1,016 May-16

Mar-64 0,046875 11,906

Jan-16 0,0625 15,875

0,09 2,286 23/64

Mar-32 0,09375 23,812

Jul-64 0,109375 27,781 3-Aug

0,12 3,048 25/64

1-Aug 0,125 3,175

Sep-64 0,140625 35,719

May-32 0,15625 39,688 27/64

0,17 4,318 Jul-16

Nov-64 0,171875 43,656

Mar-16 0,1875 47,625 29/64

1 3,12 3,50 3,50

Standard tee with entry or 3,4 4,5 5,5

Medium sweep elbow or 1,3 1,8 2,3

Flange, Valve Size,

Sizes of ASME flanges

ASME B 16.5 flanges will

NPT, ASME B 1.20.1:

G Series, ISO 228-1:

R Series, ISO 7/1:

European Norm flange

Pressure Rating CLASS PN CL300 or

U.S. U.S. Gallon Imperial U.S. Barrel (Petroleum)

### 0,264178 0,220083 0,00629

### 0,004329 0,003606 0,000103

1000 0,0006214 0 001

0,25 6,35 0,52

0,2656 67,469 17/32 0,53125

0,2968 75,406 Sep-16 0,5625

0,3125 79,375 0,58

0,3149 8,0 0,59

0,37 9,398 0,64

0,375 9,525 41/64 0,640625

0,3906 99,219 0,66

0,4218 107,156 0,69

0,4330 11,0 45/64 0,703125

0,44 11,176 0,71

0,45 11,430 23/32 0,71875

0,4531 115,094 0,72

4,00 4,00 4,25

Lengths in Feet of Standard Pipe

3,0 3,7 4,6 5,4

2,3 2,7 3,5 4,2