Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Town Planning in Practice Wacker’s Manual of the The Planning The Suburban Trend
An Introduction to the Art of Plan of Chicago of the Modern City Harlan Paul Douglass
Designing Cities and Suburbs Walter D. Moody A Review of the Principles 1925
(Sir) Raymond Unwin 1912
Governing City Planning
Douglas’s survey of suburban
1909 Nelson P. Lewis communities was written just as
The first publication geared to
elementary-school children on the 1916 suburbs were first developing in large
A masterful exposition on the fine
subject of planning, this manual taught numbers—and at a time when many
points of site planning—such as the Focused on the physical city, Lewis
children about Daniel Burnham’s The believed that the suburbs would
arrangement of buildings and streets, viewed the problems of city planning
Plan of Chicago of 1909. somehow fuse the best of the city and
squares, and other public places—this as engineering problems. From the countryside in harmony. His work
book is one of the foundations of transportation systems to parks and exemplifies the ongoing tug between
the field. Lushly illustrated with town recreation, this book took a systems
plans and photos, Unwin’s book Carrying Out the City Plan approach and inspired engineers to
urban and suburban in planning.
demonstrated how to plan cities at the Flavel Shurtleff, Frederick L. Olmsted consider planning their concern and
human scale. This is an excellent book planners to consider physical problems.
to share with local civil engineers. 1914 New Towns for Old
Instigated by Olmsted, this was the first Achievements in Civic
study of state planning law. Undertaken City Planning Improvement in Some
An Introduction by landscape architect Flavel Shurtleff, With Special Reference to the American Small Towns and
to City Planning the work became an indispensable tool
Planning of Streets and Lots Neighborhoods
Democracy’s Challenge for planners, planning commissioners,
and attorneys as they developed the Charles Mulford Robinson John Nolen
to the American City
legal foundations and the practice of 1916 1927
Benjamin Marsh planning.
Charles Mulford Robinson was among A pioneer in the profession of city
1909 and regional planning, Nolen was a
first writers to meld knowledge of
Marsh was one of the first and most Cities in Evolution 18th and 19th century design with the landscape architect responsible for
vociferous leaders of the movement to growing effects of motorized travel and the design of many innovative town
An Introduction to the Town plans, such as Venice, California. His
use coordinated governmental action “modern” American living. This book
to address public health crises. “A city
Planning Movement and to springs from a period of great creative book comprehensively examined the
without a Plan,” he wrote, “is like a ship the Study of Civics ferment and experimentation in city economic, social, and physical aspects
without a rudder.” Marsh became one planning, particularly in the areas of of planning and argued for the place
Patrick Geddes
of the major early advocates for zoning street design and platting. Many of his of natural beauty in urban design.
and planning in New York. 1915 observations remain relevant today. Like his contemporaries, he was a city
Linking social reform and the urban reformer. The book highlights several
environment, Geddes looked at cities of his planned communities, including
The Principles of comprehensively. All planning should The City Mariemont, Ohio.
Scientific Management preserve the unique historic character Robert E. Park, Ernest W. Burgess,
of the city and involve citizens in Roderick D. McKenzie, Louis Wirth
Frederick Winslow Taylor
the planning of its development, he Major Economic Factors in
1911 reasoned, sounding two themes that 1925 Metropolitan Growth and
Taylor’s highly influential argument was would reemerge in the 1950s and Burgess introduced the concept of Arrangement
1960s. human ecology by investigating the A Study of Trends and
that both business and government
should “functionalize work.” It gave spatial patterns of urban development. Tendencies in the Economic
support to the idea of separating His concentric zone theory connected
Activities within the Region of
politics from the administration of the distance one commutes from
the central business district to a New York and its Environs
work, giving credence to rise of a
professional class of planners, city socioeconomic zone of the city; hence Robert Murray Haig, Roswell C. McCrea
engineers, city finance officers, and residents are sorted by economic and
1927
the like. social class into zones.
An economic view of cities, Haig’s book
introduced the concept of economic
base analysis. He viewed land use as
a function of accessibility and wrote
extensively on the taxation and the
urban economics.
Toward a New Architecture The Disappearing City Outline of Town and The Planning Function in
Le Corbusier Frank Lloyd Wright City Planning Urban Government
French 1923; English 1927 1932 Thomas D. Adams Robert Walker
Le Corbusier’s books offered a vision In this publication Wright introduced 1935 1941
of a rational, man-made city in which Broadacre City, his visionary community Did the profession of planning arise A controversial but influential book
large housing blocks of high rise form divorced from the city and in response to traffic congestion? which argued that planning needed
dwellings faced or were set in parks. suburban in concept. His was one of Certainly, the automobile put to move away from association with
Residential areas were separated many conceptual new towns that were tremendous pressure on the existing independent commissions and gain
from other activities and organized in primarily architectural in character. form of cities. This core idea and many a place closer to the local legislative
rigorous grids of new development. His more were consolidated into this body, the chief executive, and
work and belief in the functional city book which served as one of the first administrative agencies. In short, Walker
is often invoked as the source idea for CIAM Manifesto textbooks on planning in America. argued for fully integrated planning
multi-story housing blocks in America. The books was based on 11 years of agencies within local government.
Congrès International d’Architecture
Moderne lectures Adams gave at MIT.
Urban Planning Analysis The “green book” has served as core 1984 Crabgrass Frontier
text of planning since its inception. Spirn applied design with nature The Suburbanization of the
Methods and Models
Produced in partnership with ICMA techniques to an urban setting. United States
Donald A. Kruekeberg, Arthur A. Silvers the book comprehensively covers Her analysis touched off ecological
American city planning history, urbanism movement. Scientific Kenneth T. Jackson
1974
planning functions, and, most research and urban case studies reveal 1985
This clearly written introduction to important, the public administrative how familiar natural processes (such as
basic quantitative techniques of urban aspects of planning, including agency Perhaps the definitive history of 20th
water cycles and photosynthesis) occur
planning and policy analysis includes management and budgeting. The century suburbanization, Jackson’s
in cities and how this should inform
solid chapters on survey research book has been updated in several new work drew together the many forces––
planning.
and analysis, population forecasting, editions and is still in use. economic, governmental, and social––
transportation modeling, and program that went into the creation of suburbia.
analysis and management, including It is among the earliest histories of the
Land, Growth, & Politics
time-sequence scheduling. The Social Life of Small American suburbs.
John M. DeGrove
Urban Spaces
1984
A Pattern Language William H. Whyte Comprehensive City
As states began to assert their
Towns, Buildings, Construction 1980 Planning
right to control and direct growth,
Christopher Alexander, Sara Ishikawa, Whyte’s careful examination of small John DeGrove played an active Introduction and Explanation
Murray Silverstein spaces and how people behave in role in creating the Florida growth Melville C. Branch
1977 them revealed the moral dimension management act as well as assessing
1985
of planning––the responsibility to the ongoing evolution of growth
This timeless and detailed accounting create healthy public spaces. Whyte’s management throughout the country. Branch focused on the development
of the patterns of urban architecture observations were fascinating enough This early analysis set the stage for of cities and their planning and
illuminates the populist turn in to draw a public readership for his ongoing efforts and appraisals of this management. The tie between land
urban design in the wake of Jane studies. important movement. use and municipal administration is
Jacobs’s work. These patterns are the explored throughout. The book was
composition of a distinct language written to appeal to both a professional
invented and used by everyday people. and general interest reader.
Planners can learn about place and its
people by interpreting the details of
its form.
Home Mastering Change Edge City Rural By Design
A Short History of an Idea Winning Strategies for Life on the New Frontier Maintaining Small Town
Witold Rybcznski Effective City Planning Joel Garreau Character
1986 Bruce McClendon, Ray Quay 1991 Randall Arendt
Rybcznski’s widely read book traces the 1988 Garreau examines America’s “edge 1994
evolution of domestic living. His focus One of the few books devoted to cities” or suburban cities, chronicling Growing out of his work in New
on influences and ideas that shape planning management and strategy, their rise across the country over the England and an appreciation for the
the concept of comfort and home set this practical guide provides a wide past 100 years. His work changed the design of small communities, Arendt
this work apart from more technical array of tactics for understanding how perception of suburbia and its role revealed how towns could grow and
discussions of architectural history and the public reacts to change and what relative to central cities. As people maintain their character through
won a broad popular audience. planners should do to increase their moved to suburbs, so did employment. density, good site planning, and
effectiveness. The size and number of these cities compatible design. His work reinforced
influences how planning now efforts to achieve growth management,
Basic Methods of Policy approaches edge cities and their social address sprawl, and the conserve
Analysis and Planning Small Town Planning implications. natural and cultural landscapes.
Carl Patton, David S. Sawicki Handbook Arendt offered, with grace and humor,
practical solutions to guiding growth
1986 Tom Daniels, John W. Keller, Mark B. Great Streets and conserving land.
Lapping
Often required reading, the book lays Allan B. Jacobs
out the paradigm for policy analysis 1988
1993 Ethical Land Use
and integrates policy analysis and Small town planning has received less
planning. The authors explored the attention than city planning. This book Jacobs demonstrates the importance Principles of Policy and
complex challenges in urban life and of streets as placemaking elements Planning
succinctly organizes helpful strategies
the decisions about how to address through beautifully drafted plans and
for the small town planner with limited Timothy Beatley
them. They examine what sorts of illustrations of worthy prototypes. He
in staff and budget. The authors
information get used, and by whom, in explores how design shapes a street 1994
provided guidance on the nuts-and-
what contexts. and the importance of streets in
bolts work of small town planners. The Planning as a professional with an
creating community.
book has continued in new editions. adopted code of ethics expanded its
view of ethical professional practice
Life Between Buildings in this work. Beatley maintained that
Using Public Space Land Use and the The New Urbanism
planning policy decisions invariably
Constitution Toward an Architecture of involve ethical choices and used actual
Jan Gehl
Principles for Planning Practice Community case studies and hypothetical scenarios
1987 to guide planners to ethical choices in
Peter Katz et al.
Brian Blaesser, Alan Weinstein their everyday work.
An important influence on
1994
urban designers, Gehl created a 1989
comprehensive discussion of how to A seminal work, the book that
The legal challenges to planning
design good places and spaces, at all introduced new urbanism to a wide The Geography of Nowhere
and the regulatory tools of planning
scales. Profusely illustrated, the photos have shaped the field profoundly. popular audience and enthusiastic The Rise and Decline of
and captions carry much of the thesis. professionals, Katz and colleagues America’s Man-Made
This practical guide explains eight
Like William Whyte, Gehl focused on offered case studies and handsome
constitutional principles and applies Landscape
the social lives that unfold in public illustrations to make their points. The
them to real-world planning situations.
spaces and their importance for book captured the movement to James Howard Kunstler
The authors provided detailed
planners. reestablish a sense of neighborhood 1994
summaries of more than 50 U.S.
Supreme Court cases. and community in face of sprawl.
Tracing America’s evolution from tight-
Cities of Tomorrow knit and coherent communities to a
An Intellectual History of Urban Making Equity Visions for a New American landscape of sprawl and anonymity,
Dream Kunstler discussed the stark economic,
Planning and Design in the Planning Work social, and spiritual costs paid for this
Twentieth Century Leadership in the Public Sector Process, Principles, and an lifestyle. Kunstler’s impact was to call
Peter Geoffrey Hall
Ordinance to Plan and Design attention to the loss of community
Norman Krumholz, John Forester
Small Communities identity. He called upon readers to
1988 1990 reinvent the places of live and work for
Anton Nelessen
Hall provided a comprehensive The book provides one of the first a revived civic art and life.
examination of all the major 1994
detailed personal accounts of a
European and American planning sustained and effective equity-planning The growing sophistication and
movements starting from the late practice that influenced urban policy. emphasis on tools for helping
1800s towards the end of the 20th Recounting their real-life experiences communities visualize growth and
century. He illuminates the philosophic in equity planning in Cleveland, the change was encapsulated in Nelessen’s
underpinnings of each movement, and authors give a clear illustration through book. His Visual Preference Survey
also the key actors, background, and case studies. was one of the first visioning tools. In
the results. A focused discussion looked addition, his ability to illustrate neo-
at the tension between the ideals of traditional design helped awaken an
“anarchists,” such as Howard, Geddes, interest in historic character and quality
and Wright, and those of strict order, of design that emerged in force as a
represented by Le Corbusier. planning concern in the 1990s.
Best Development Practices Bowling Alone The Birth of City Planning in Planning and
Doing the Right Thing and The Collapse and Revival of the United States, 1840-1917 Urban Design Standards
Making Money at the Same American Community Jon A. Peterson William R. Klein, Executive Ed.
Time Robert Putnam 2003 Megan Lewis, Managing Ed.
Reid Ewing 2000 Peterson provides the best and most 2006
1996 The book described a major shift in detailed overview of the early years of
The most comprehensive reference
American life and politics that had the planning movement, which saw
Ewing draws upon case examples book on urban planning, design, and
largely gone unnoticed. Putnam Progressive activists, public-health
of some of today’s most acclaimed development available today. The book
examined the past 40 years and advocates, and business interests unite
developments and recommends best comprises contributions from more
observed that social particpation had in the cause of more livable cities.
practice guidelines to help developers than 200 renowned professionals and
create vibrant, livable communities— changed. Because of the modern provides in-depth information on the
and still make money. One of the rare demands on time, established tools and techniques used to achieve
studies of how places are developed volunteer associations important to the The Devil in the White City planning and design outcomes,
using sound planning principles (at community fabric had lost significant Murder, Magic, and Madness at including economic analysis, mapping,
least in part) and measures the result. membership. The book provoked the Fair that Changed America visualization, legal foundations, and real
The books practical advice proved to debate and awakened insight into how estate developments.
people live their lives, expect services, Erik Larson
be a great draw.
and contribute to the community, and 2004
what they expect of government and
The book brings alive the history
Natural Hazard Mitigation politics.
of early planners, including Daniel
Recasting Disaster Policy and Burnham and Frederick Law Olmsted,
Planning The Regional City for a general audience. He draws
attention to work many still know
David R. Godschalk, Timothy Beatley, Planning for the End of Sprawl nothing about. In vivid––and
Philip Berke, David J. Brower, Edward
Peter Calthorpe, William Fulton sometimes graphic detail––Larson
J. Kaiser, Charles C. Bohl, R. Matthew
paints a poignant and convincing story
Goebel 2000
of the obstacles planners and architects
1999 Regionalism as a focus of planning face when approaching mammoth
reemerged in this work that projects––not least of which, a world’s
The role of planning in hazard
demonstrated how regional planning fair.
mitigation and recovery appeared on
and design can integrate, revitalize, and
the agenda in the 1990s as the issues
provide a coherent vision for growth.
of climate change and sustainability
became more pressing. This book, one Many of the concepts of new urbanism The High Cost of
of the first thorough discussions of the were extended to the regional scale Free Parking
and include a special emphsis on
issue, provided insight into how hazard Donald C. Shoup
transit and design.
mitigation both worked and needed to
be reformed. 2005
Donald Shoup set the world of traffic
Planning Theory for
management on its ear with his
Transportation for Practitioners impassioned and thorough demolition
Livable Cities Michael P. Brooks of decades of conventional wisdom.
By demonstrating the direct, indirect,
Vukan R. Vuchic 2002
social, and intangible costs of easily
1999 Brooks brought planning theory to available parking, Shoup set the
Vuchic placed transportation at the an understandable, usable level for stage for municipalities to change
practitioners. His discussion of values their codes and mind-sets to create
heart good planning. He explores its
and ethics were especially informative. parking management systems that
role in smart growth and sustainable
put cars second and instead support
urban living, covering everything from
the creation of complete streets, safe
roads and transit to traffic calming.
The Rise of the Creative Class streetscapes, and healthier downtowns.
And How It’s Transforming
Work, Leisure, Community
Urban Transit
and Everyday Life
Operations, Planning, and
Richard Florida Economics
2002 Vukan R. Vuchic
While others came before Florida and 2005
developed the evaluation methods and
tools in the book, the author was the This comprehensive work covers the
first to put the information together full range of issues involved in the
in a compelling and understandable operation, planning, and financing of
format. The book revolutionized transit systems. Vuchic presents both
today’s urban planning and economic theoretical concepts and practical, real
development field. It reawakened world methodologies for managing
decision makers in America to the value and improving transit planning.
and power of strong central cities.