The Neuron the smallest structural functional unitofthenervoussystem

Nervous system central peripheral

on a
Functions CNS processesinfo forms
response Pns gatherinformation
Gathersinfo Brain controls voluntaryactions Nerves deliverinfo toansg
Process interpret spinalcord s involuntaryreflex carrymessage to muscles glands

Responds

recievesimpulse
4 Neuronnervecell cell that transmits messages in the nervoussystem
wears
themtocellbody impulse Nerve tissue Bundle ofneurons
nerve
carry
ag
poem
of
conduction
contains rapid
facilitate
Types of Neurons function
9 a
skin message fromsensoryreceptors
Sensory neuron receptors in toCns
all'd
from Interneurons inthemiddle processsignalsfrom sensoryneurons send themto interneurons

carries
impulseaway ally
electric
forman layerthat or motorneurons
insulating axon a
the transmission motorneurons conductnerve messagefrom Cnsto musclesor
protects
enhances theofimpulse glands

Types of Neurons structure

looking at themembraneion channels in a restingneurons

outside is
inside is

when receiving a strong enough stimulus

outside becomes
restingpotential 70mV
in pink Ktchannels close inside becomes

inPink Ktchannels a lotofKtoutwhenresting inyellowish Natchannels open 4Natenters

in Green Nat1ktpumps occurs
byactivetransportusingAtp
t
3 out42ktin
Nat
inyellowish Natchannels a titleofNatout

stimulus
4Threshold Propagation
of an action potential
t the of
minimum intensity a stimulus required to activate a neuron mast
anychange in the environmentsthat causes a response know
If there is no stimulus or ifitis weakerthanthreshold then no impulse

If the stimulusis stronger that thethreshold thena impulse isproduced

Thisis called the allor noneresponse

Synapse thepointatwhich animpulse istransferred fromoneneuron toanother

I
3parts presynapticmembrane neuron The speedof an actionpotential can be increased if
synaptic cleft Axons have a larger diameter
of
postsynaptic membrane dendrite neuronImuscle gland There is a myelin sheath around the axon intercepted

4steps impulsearrives
bynodes of Ranier
vesicles fuseswith plasma membrane

neurotransmitter
is released into synapticcleft Lookat theActivity inThe
neuronPt2 understand

neurotransmitter bindsto receptor

 ne l 1

Neurotransmitters chemical messengers whichtransmitsignalsacross

a synapsetheyare stored inside vesicles
2types Excitatory Inhibitory
creates adepolarization creates a hyperpolarization

speeds up thenervous slowdown the nervousimpulse

impulse

The CNS The PNS

TheBrain The cell bodies ofcranial and spinal nervesare arranged in

Thelargestpart ofthebrain high clusters called ganglia kingganglion

2ndlargest part
functionssuch
as thought 4action
Pnastodowith
consists
of movements
motor 2 Majordivisions ofPns sensorydivisiontransmits impulses

l
fromsenseorgansto cns

Dividedinto 4lobes connects brain

4 spinalcord
hastodowithregulationofbloodpressure
heartrate breathing
consists
of two layers madeupofcellbodies 4dendrites
made
upof myelinated axons

MotorDivisiontransmitsimpulsefrom

f f enstoglands muscles

somaticnervoussystem automaticnervoussystem

located between brainstem cerebrum Iv t

regulates body activities regulates bodyactivities thatare
under conscious control involuntary or notunderconscious
control
SympatheticNervos
system
link b w brain restofthebody reflexarcsactionthatautomatic 2parts
Para
synthetic
regulates reflexes anyoccur when anorganism
demands a quick response
Sensory receptorsdetect a stimulus
sensory neuroncarriesmessage tothe cars
Inter neuron inthespinal cordrecieves themessage analyzes it
Addition the Brain DOPAMINE gives a command

activity dopamine stimulation

of neurons wellbeing motorneuron carriesthe orderfrom the cns toeffector organ

Buti Effectororgan responds

excess
of dopamine decrease inreceptors
4
depression wantoning more ADDICTION
 The Endocrine Reproductive System

The endocrine system includes all the glands in the body that make hormones
I
endocrineglands exocrine glands are chemical messengers thatare
released inonepartofthebodytravel
release hormones release enzymes or other through theblood affect cells inother
ductless substances partsof thebody
release hormones have ducts they are recievedbyspecific receptors ontarget
directly intothe release substances either cells
bloodstream outof thebody or directly
intothe digestive system

The Thyroid Gland plays a majorrole in regulating thebody metabolism Produces the hormone thyroxine which increases the metabolic rate

iodine isneeded toproduce thyroxine

Hyperthyroidism thyroidproduces too

much thyroxine

Thyroiddisorders Hypothyroidism thyroid produces toolittlethyroxine

Goodluck 3