MANUAL DEL ESTUDIANTE

ASIGNATURA
Inglés II
UNIDAD 1
Ubicación en la ciudad
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Índice de contenidos

Introduction to Unit 1 ......................................................................................................................................... 3

1.1. Asking for/Giving directions ......................................................................................................................... 4

1.2. Asking for directions: specific questions ...................................................................................................... 6

1.3. Giving directions: places, instructions and specific vocabulary .................................................................... 7

1.4. Prepositions of place and movement ........................................................................................................ 15

1.5. Countable and Uncountable nouns ........................................................................................................... 21

1.6. Superlatives: Form and use ........................................................................................................................ 26

Bibliography ...................................................................................................................................................... 29

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Introduction to Unit 1
In this unit you will learn vocabulary related to places, distances and giving
directions. You will study expressions used to give instructions and prepositions
used to give points of reference. Also, you will learn how to use countable and
uncountable nouns, and superlative adjectives
Pay attention to the examples, exercises and web sites in each section.

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1. Ubicación en la ciudad

1.1. Asking for/Giving directions

When you want to know how to go somewhere, especially when you are in a foreign country or you
are lost, there are certain patterns of interaction (questions and answers) that you must have “up
your sleeve” (debajo de la manga).

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Let’s listen these conversations and check the vocabulary that is used in the different
situations.

Conversation 1 : (Audio 1) Conversation 2 (Audio 2)

Starting point: Art Gallery Starting point: Bus Station

A: Excuse me, How can I get to A:Can you help me please? I need to get to the
the nearest gym? park.

B: You need to walk straight ahead on Oak B: You can take the bus at this bus stop, you ask
Street for around 3 blocks until 1st Avenue. the driver to let you know when the bus gets to
the corner of Oak Street and 2nd Avenue.
A: First Avenue? And then?
A: Ok, so I have to get off there?
B: Then you must turn right and walk straight
ahead on 1st Avenue until you see the gym. B:Yes, you get off on the corner of these 2
streets. The park is opposite to the aquarium.
A: Any reference?
A: Many thanks!
B: Yeah, it’s between the city hall and the bank.

Comversation 3 (Audio 3) Comversation 4 (Audio 4)

Starting point: Law Courts Starting point: Bank

A: Excuse me, is there any bookstore around A: Could you tell me how can I get to the high
here? school?

B: Yes, there is, if you are driving, you have to B: Yeah! You can walk straight ahead on 1st
drive straight forward on 2nd Avenue until you Avenue until Pine Street.
reach Oak street. Then you turn right and keep
driving around 1 block until you get to the A: And then…?
bookstore.
B: Then, you must turn left and keep walking
A: I get it, and is there any reference point? straight ahead until you reach the high school.
It’s on the of Pine Street and 3rd Avenue, you
B: Sure, it’s next to the library. can’t miss it!

A: Thank you very much.

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1.2. Asking for directions: specific questions

When you ask for directions, you can use these phrases, sentences and questions depending on

the context and formality of the conversation:

Excuse me….

▪ Can you help me, please? I can’t find this address.

▪ Is there a .......... (place) near here?

▪ Where’s the ………(place)?

▪ Where is the nearest……. (place)?

▪ Can you tell me where the ……… (place) is?

▪ Can you tell me the way to the ……(place)?

▪ How do I get to ………(place)?

▪ I’m looking for ………. (street’s name) street

Excuse me, can you tell me

where the museum is?

Of course! Turn left….

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1.3. Giving directions: places, instructions and specific vocabulary

In order to give directions, it is necessary to learn certain vocabulary and structures which will help
us.

Places in the city

Tabla 2. Places in the city
ENGLISH TRANSLATION INTO SPANISH
Airport aeropuerto
Bakery panadería
Bank banco
Bookstore (US)/bookshop (UK) librería
Bus station paradero
Butcher’s carnicería
Café cafetería
Church iglesia
Department store tienda departamental
Cinema cine
Theater (US)/theatre (UK) teatro
Gas station (US) / Petrol station (UK) gasolinera
Gym gimnasio
Greengrocer’s verdulería
Grocery store almacén
Hotel hotel
Hairdresser’s peluquería
Hospital hospital
Prison prisión
Library biblioteca
Mall centro comercial
Museum museo
Parking lot estacionamiento
Pharmacy/drugstore farmacia
Police station comisaría
Post office oficina de correos
Park parque
Restaurant restaurante
School escuela
Train station/railway station estación de tren
Supermarket supermercado
Zoo zoológico

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Instructions

To give instructions to someone to go to a concrete place, generally , we will use constructions like
the following:

Tabla 3. Instructions
INSTRUCTION TRANSLATION INTO SPANISH
Go straight on seguir derecho
Turn left (on) doblar a la izquierda (en)
Turn right (on) doblar a la derecha (en)
Go past pasar de largo
Go across /cross cruzar
Go along avanzar
Turn back dar la vuelta
Go back devolverse
Go down bajar
Go over ir (sobre algo)
Go through atravesar
Go up subir
Take the Tomar la micro /bus/taxi/tren/metro
bus/taxi/train/subway/underground….
Get in entrar
Get out salir
Get on get off subirse
Get off bajarse
Get to /reach llegar a
Take the first turning on your left toma primera calle a tu izquierda
Take the first turning on your right toma la primera calle a tu derecha
Take the second turning on your left toma la segunda calle a tu izquierda
Take the second turning on your right toma la segunda calle a tu derecha
Go on for about…. sigue por unos…..

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So, when you use these constructions, you can:

1. Give the instruction using the imperative form of the verbs.

Excuse me, where is the bus top? Go straight and turn right. It’s
opposite the cinema.

Excuse me, how do I get to “ La Go past this street and get on the
Moneda”? bus 201 and get off in Alameda
avenue. It’s on your left.

Imperatives: Instructions

We can use imperatives to give instructions (tell people to do something)

We start an imperative sentence with a verb. We do not change the verb form.

Example:

- Go straight ahead and take the first turning on your left.

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2. Give the instruction starting with You have to… / you can…. / you need to…. / you must…

You have to go straight and you

Excuse me, where is the bus top?
must turn right. It’s opposite the
cinema.

Excuse me, how do I get to

“ La Moneda”? You have to go past this street
and you can get on the bus 201
and get off in Alameda avenue.
It’s on your left.

For more exercises go to:

https://es.liveworksheets.com/kt551ml
https://es.liveworksheets.com/bt844198uo

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Vocabulary: Landmarks

We often make reference to landmarks when we give directions to help the other person.

The landmarks can be part of the road system. Here are some common terms:

Street Roundabout

calle rotonda

Sidewalk Traffic lights

acera semáforo

Avenue Corner

avenida esquina

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Freeway Exit ramp

autopista rampa de salida

fork in the road Crossroads (UK) / Intersection(US)

bifurcación intersección

Walkway Country road

pasarela peatonal carretera rural

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Overpass Alley

paso elevado callejón

Tunnel underpass

tunel paso a desnivel

Taxi rank Level crossing

paradero de taxis paso a nivel

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zebra crossing/pedestrian crossing Signpost

paso de cebra letrero

Block

cuadra

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1.4. Prepositions of place and movement

Prepositions of place

We use the prepositions of place when we want to indicate where a place is in reference of another
place.

in the box on the box under the box next to the box

between the boxes among the boxes in front of the box behind the box

above the box behind the box near the box far from the box

A B

the box A is opposite

the box B

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Examples:
• There is a swimming pool in the hotel.

• There are many signposts on the street.

• There is a big lake under the bridge.

• The church is next to the park.

• The cinema is between the bank and the pharmacy.

• San Cristobal’s hill is among many buildings in Santiago.

• My apartment is in front of the museum.

• The post office is behind the parking lot.

• The overpass is above the underpass.

• The underpass is below the overpass.

• My favourite restaurant is near an underground station

• The airport is far from the centre of the city.

For more exercises go to:

https://es.liveworksheets.com/nu628880gm

https://es.liveworksheets.com/sf7167cf

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Prepositions of movement

The prepositions of movement show movement from one place to another place. These prepositions
always describe movement and we usually use them with verbs of motion.

down the stairs up the stairs out of the box into the box

toward the box away from the box past the box over the box

onto the box off the box around the box under the box

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Examples:
• Go down the street and you will find the pharmacy.

• Children go up in the elevator to their apartments.

• Get out of the bus in the main avenue.

• Get into the train and go to the next train station.

• You have to go toward the pharmacy to buy some medication.

• Oliver is planning to go away this weekend.

• You must go past the supermarket and you will find the greengrocer’s.

• Go over the river through the bridge.

• Anna climbed a ladder to get onto the roof of her house.

• Get off the train and the department store is on your right.

• The turists went around the city and visited many places.

• The highway went under the overpass.

For more exercises go to:

https://es.liveworksheets.com/nz8027jm

https://es.liveworksheets.com/hl1149184up

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Let´s practice: Write the correct word in the boxes below the pictures.

turn left roundabout next to go past take the second turning on your left

turn right opposite take the second turning on your right traffic lights

go straight on

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Fuente: www.britishcouncil.org/learnenglishteens

Answers: 1.roundabout 2.take the second turning on your right. 3. Next to 4.turn right
5.go past 6.take the second turning on your left. 7. Traffic lights 8.go straight on 9.opposite 10.turn left

Let’s listen to these four instructions and do the exercise while you listen.
( Audio 5)

A. The speaker gives directions to the post

office.
B. The speaker gives directions to the
_________________________.
C. The speaker gives directions to the
_________________________.
D. The speaker gives directions to the
_________________________.

Answers: B.underground station C.cinema

D.bus station
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Let’s listen again and fill in the gaps with the correct word form the box.
( Audio 5)

take past on straight at second Go

1. Go straight on.
2. _______________ past the traffic lights.
3. It’s the building next to the library _______________ the left.
4. _______________ the roundabout turn left.
5. Then _______________ the first left on to Green Street.
6. Go _______________ the traffic lights and take the _______________ right on to King’s Road.

Answers: 2.Go 3.on 4.at 5.take 6.past/second

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1.5. Countable and Uncountable nouns

Countable nouns

Countable nouns are people, animals or things which we can count. They have boith a singular and a
plural form.

Examples:

Singular Plural

a train trains

an animal animals

a person people

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We can use a, an , some , any or numbers with a countable noun.

Examples:

a car two cars

an apple four apples

Some and any

▪ We use some in the affirmative with plural countable nouns.

Example: There are some chairs in the room.

▪ We use any in the negative or interrogative with plural countable nouns.

Examples: There aren’t any pictures on the wall.
Are there any chairs in the room?

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Uncountable nouns

Uncountable nouns are things that we can’t count. They have no plural form.

Most countable nouns are:

▪ Materials or substances: air, water, smoke, etc.

▪ Feelings or qualities: courage, love, anger, etc.

▪ Abstract ideas: safety, justice, freedom, etc.

Some and any

▪ We use some in the affirmative with uncountable nouns.

Example: There are some petrol.

▪ We use any in the negative or interrogative with uncountable nouns.

Examples: There aren’t any gas to transport.
Are there any olive oil in the kitchen?

How much..? / How many…?

We use how much with uncountable nouns.

Example: How much money does that picture cost ?

We use how many with countable nouns.

Example: How many animals are you transporting?

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Collective nouns

A collective noun is used to refer to an entire group of persons, animals or things.

Examples:

A family A class of students

A flock of sheep A fleet of ships

Here are some examples of common collective nouns:

• People: board, choir, class, committee, family, group, jury, panel, staff
• Animals: flock, herd, pod, swarm
• Things: bunch, collection, fleet, flotilla, pack, set

Singular and plural verbs with collective nouns

▪ In most cases, a plural collective noun takes a plural verb:

Example: Families enjoy this restaurant.

▪ A singular collective noun usually takes a singular verb:

Example: Our family enjoys this restaurant.

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Let´s practice: Complete these questions with many or much.

1.How much money do you have in your pocket?

2. How _____________ phone calls do you make a day?

3. How _____________ time do you have for lunch?

4. How _____________ languages do you speak?

5. How _____________ fast food restaurants are there where you live?

6. How _____________ water do you drink a day?

Answers: 2.many 3.much 4.many 5.many 6.much

For more exercises go to:

https://agendaweb.org/grammar/countable_uncountable-exercises.html

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1.6. Superlatives: Form and use

Superlatives: use

We use the superlative form of the adjectives when we want to express the highest degree of a
characteristic of an element with respect to other of the same group or condition.

Let’s look at these example:

The fastest car is the blue one. This is the tallest building in the city

Superlatives: form

Depending on how many syllables an adjective has, there are certain rules that must be followed in
sentences with superlative adjectives.

Short adjectives: one-syllable adjectives

We use the before one syllable adjectives and add -est to form a superlative form.
Tabla 4. Rules
Adjective Superlative form
old the oldest
cheap the cheapest

if the one syllable adjective ends in a vowel + consonant, we double the consonant and add
-est
Tabla 5. Rules

Adjective Superlative form

big the biggest
hot the hottest

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Long adjectives: two- or more syllable adjectives

We add the most before the two-or more syllable adjective and the adjective maintain its form.
Tabla 6. Rules

Adjective Superlative form

famous the most famous
expensive the most expensive

if the two or more syllable adjective ends in a consonant + -y, we drop the -y and add -iest

Tabla 7. Rules

Adjective Comparative form

healthy the healthiest
happy the happiest

Special cases: irregular adjectives

The irregular adjectives have their proper superlative form.

Tabla 8. Rules
Adjective Superlative form
good the best

bad the worst

far the furthest

the farthest
little the least

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further / farther

- the furthest: it refers to non-physical distance

- the farthest: it refers to physical distance.

Let´s practice: Write the superlative form of these adjectives.

1. hot the hottest

2. short ___________________
3. difficult ___________________
4. beautiful ___________________
5. noisy ___________________
6. thin ___________________
7. easy ___________________
8. rich ___________________

Answers: 2.the shortest 3.the most difficult 4.the most beautiful 5.the noisiest 6.the thinnest
7.the easiest 8.the richest

Let´s practice: Write the sentences with a superlative. Use the adjectives in the
brackets.

1. This is the most dangerous country in the world. (dangerous)

2. That house is __________________ in the street. (old)
3. The Scots make __________________ whisky in the world. (good)
4. This is __________________ part of the country. (hot)
5. This is __________________ building in the city. (famous)
6. He’s __________________ student in the class. (bad)
7. Chinese is one of __________________ languages to learn. (difficult)
8. It’s __________________ dress in the shop. (pretty)

Answers: 2.the oldest 3.the best 4.the hottest 5.the most famous 6.the worst 7.the most
difficult 8.the prettiest

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Bibliography

Barrall, I. (2012). Market Leader Elementary. Third edition. FT Publishing.

Grant, D., Hughes, J., Turner R. (2013). Business Result Elementary. Editorial Oxford.

Grussendorft, M. (2009). English for Logistics. Editorial Oxfor.

Murphy, R. (2007). Essential Grammar in Use. Third edition. Editorial Cambridge

University Press.

Reppen, R., Gordon, D.(2012) Grammar and beyond 1, Studen’t book. Editorial
Cambridge University press.

Revell, J.,Tomalin, M. (2015). Jetstream Elementary, Student’s book. Editorial

Helbling languages.

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Escuela de Comercio de Santiago