FUNCTIONS OFMANAGEMENT

PLANNING
Planning
Deciding in advance :
What to do
How to do
When to do
Who is going to do it
Bridges a gap between where we are today and where we want to reach.
Sets the goal of an organization.

PLANNING
It is the basic function of management. It deals with chalking out a future course of action & deciding in advance the most appropriate course of actions for achievement
of pre-determined goals.
It is an exercise in problem solving & decision making. Planning is determination of courses of action to achieve desired goals.
Thus, planning is a systematic thinking about ways & means for accomplishment of pre-determined goals. Planning is necessary to ensure proper utilization of human
& non-human resources. It is all pervasive, it is an intellectual activity and it also helps in avoiding confusion, uncertainties
ORGANISING
Organizing
It is the process of bringing together physical, financial and human resources and developing productive relationship amongst them for achievement of organizational
goals.
According to Henry Fayol, “To organize a business is to provide it with everything useful or its functioning i.e. raw material, tools, capital and personnel’s”. To
organize a business involves determining & providing human and non-human resources to the organizational structure.
Establishing the framework of working:
How many units or sub-units or departments are needed.
How many posts or designations are needed in each department.
How to distribute authority and responsibility among employees
Once these decisions are taken, organizational structure gets set up.
Organizing as a process involves:
Identification of activities.
Classification of grouping of activities.
Assignment of duties.
Delegation of authority and creation of responsibility.
Coordinating authority and responsibility relationships.
STAFFING
Staffing
Recruiting, selecting, appointing the employees, assigning duties, maintaining cordial relationship and taking care of grievances of employees.
Training and Development of employees, deciding their remuneration, promotion and increments.
Evaluting their performance.
It is the function of manning the organization structure and keeping it manned. Staffing has assumed greater importance in the recent years due to advancement of
technology, increase in size of business, complexity of human behavior etc. The main purpose o staffing is to put right man on right job i.e. square pegs in square holes
and round pegs in round holes.
Staffing involves:
Manpower Planning (estimating man power in terms of searching, choose the person and giving the right place).
Recruitment, selection & placement.
Training & development.
Remuneration.
Performance appraisal.
Promotions & transfer.
DIRECTING
Directing
Giving direction or instruction to employees to get the job done.
Leadership qualities are required.
Motivating employees by providing monatory and non-monetory incentives.
Comunicating with them at regular intervals.
It is that part of managerial function which actuates the organizational methods to work efficiently for achievement of organizational purposes. It is considered life-
spark of the enterprise which sets it in motion the action of people because planning, organizing and staffing are the mere preparations for doing the work. Direction is
that inert-personnel aspect of management which deals directly with influencing, guiding, supervising, motivating sub-ordinate for the achievement of organizational
goals.
Supervision- implies overseeing the work of subordinates by their superiors. It is the act of watching & directing work & workers.
Motivation- means inspiring, stimulating or encouraging the sub-ordinates with zeal to work. Positive, negative, monetary, non-monetary incentives may be used for
this purpose.
Leadership- may be defined as a process by which manager guides and influences the work of subordinates in desired direction.
Communications- is the process of passing information, experience, opinion etc from one person to another. It is a bridge of understanding

CONTROLLING
Controlling
Matching actual performance with the planed goal.
If problem, tries to find out the reasons of deviation.
Suggesting corrective measures come on the path of plan
CONTROLLING:
It implies measurement of accomplishment against the standards and correction of deviation if any to ensure achievement of organizational goals. The purpose of
controlling is to ensure that everything occurs in conformities with the standards. An efficient system of control helps to predict deviations before they actually occur.
According to Theo Haimann, “Controlling is the process of checking whether or not proper progress is being made towards the objectives and goals and acting if
necessary, to correct any deviation”.
Therefore controlling has following steps:
Establishment of standard performance.
Measurement of actual performance.
Comparison of actual performance with the standards and finding out deviation if any.
Corrective action.

Management Levels
Organizations often have 3 levels of managers:
First-line Managers: responsible for day-to-day operation. They supervise the people performing the activities required to make the good or service.
Middle Managers: Supervise first-line managers. They are also responsible to find the best way to use departmental resources to achieve goals
Top Managers: Responsible for the performance of all departments and have cross-departmental responsibility. They establish organizational goals and monitor
middle managers.
 Roles of Managers (Mintzberg)
 Interpersonal role
 Informational role
 Decisional role
 Managerial Skills
 Skill Type Needed by Manager Level
 According to Summer
 Knowledge – ideas, concepts, or principles that can be expressed and are accepted
 Attitude – beliefs, feelings, and values
 Interest, confidence, responsibility, respect, and desire
 Ability – art, skill, judgment, and wisdom
 Managerial Functions
 Henri Fayol was the first to describe the four managerial functions when he was the CEO of a large mining company in the later 1800’s.
 Fayol noted managers at all levels, operating in a for profit or not for profit organization, must perform each of the functions of:
 Managerial Functions
Process of Management
 Planning
 Organizing
 Leading
 Controlling
 Planning
Planning is the process used by managers to identify and select appropriate goals and courses of action for an organization.
3 steps to good planning :
1. Which goals should be pursued?
2. How should the goal be attained?
3. How should resources be allocated?
 Organizing
Organizing is the process of assigning tasks, allocating resources, and coordinating work activities
 Success begins with organizing
 In organizing, managers create the structure of working relationships between organizational members that best allows them to work together and achieve
goals.
 Managers will group people into departments according to the tasks performed.
 Leading
Leading is the process of arousing people’s enthusiasm to work hard and inspiring their efforts to fulfill plans and accomplish objectives
- In leading, managers determine direction, state a clear vision for employees to follow, and help employees understand the role they play in
attaining goals.
 Leadership involves a manager using power, influence, vision, persuasion, and communication skills.
 Controlling
Controlling is the process of measuring performance and taking action to ensure desired results.
 In controlling, managers evaluate how well the organization is achieving its goals and takes corrective action to improve performance.
 Managers will monitor individuals, departments, and the organization to determine if desired performance has been reached.
 Four Process of Management

Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling