Name:

Subject:
Date:
Final Examination:
Society and Culture with population Education (Soc.Sci-3)
Prof. Arthur D. Antham

IDENTIFICATION: write your answer on the blank provided before each number. IDENTIFY
WHAT IS ILLUSTRATED BY THE FOLLOWING:

______1. Colonial Mentality. Filipino culture is characterized by an openness to the out-

put side -adapting and incorporating the foreign elements into image of ourselves. And
yet this image is not built around a deep core of the Philippines history and language.
The result is cultural vagueness or weakness that makes Filipinos extraordinary
susceptible to the wholesale acceptance of modern mass culture which often western.
______2. Passivity and Lack of initiative. One waits to be told what has to be done. There is
strong reliance on others (e.g. leaders , government) to do things for us. this is related
to one’s attitude towards authority. Filipinos have a need for a strong authority figure
and feel safer and more secure in the presence of such an authority. One is generally
submissive to those in authority and is likely to raise issues or to question decisions.
______3. Extreme Personalism is manifested in the tendency to give personal
interpretation to actions, i.e., “take things personally.” Thus, a sincere question may be
viewed as a challenge to one’s competence or positive feedback may be interpreted as a
sign of special affection. There is in fact some basis for such interpretations as Filipinos
are quite personal in criticism and praise.
______4. Filipino Time Related to the mañana habit, refers to the Filipinos’ own unique
brand of time, which is known to be minutes or hours behind the standard time. In
other words, we tend not to observe punctuality at all.
______5. Pakikisama is involved in important idea in the Philippines. According to
language.berkeley.edu: In its most basic sense, it means going along with others. Its
basic etymological source is ‘sama’ (to go with). A derived term is ‘kasama’ (companion;
together with). In the social interaction context, it means ‘getting along with others’,
and ideally getting along ‘well’ with others.
______6. Ability Survive. this is manifested in our capacity for endurance despite difficult
times in our ability to get by on so very little. Filipinos make do with what is available in
the environment (e.g. eking out a living from a garbage dump). This survival instinct is
related to the Filipinos other strengths
______7. Colonial Mentality include patronizing foreign instead of local brands, favoring
foreign values over our own, and even desiring to look more “Western” (think whitening
 products). If we can’t even have pride in our own country, then unfortunately we will
always be stuck with this self-defeating mentality.
______8. Kanya-Kanya Syndrome. Filipinos have a selfish, self-serving attitude that
generates a feeling of envy and competitiveness towards others, particularly one’s peers
who seem to have gained some status or prestige. Towards them, the Filipino
demonstrates the so called crab mentality (referring to the tendency of crabs in a basket
to pull each other down) using the levelling instruments of tsismis, intriga, and
unconstructive criticism to bring others down. There seems to be a basic assumption
that other’s gain is one’s loss.
______9. Mañana Habit Even the most urgent of projects and tasks can be relegated for
some other time; we are only forced to work on them when the deadline is near. It’s a
miracle we get things done in this country.
______10. Balikbayan Box Mentality While there is nothing wrong with giving gifts to one’s
family and friends (we Filipinos do highly value them after all), it becomes a different
matter when said family and friends either misconstrue or abuse the OFW’s generosity.
______11. Colonial Mentality. Filipinos have a mentality which is made up of two
dimensions: the first is lack of patriotism or an active awareness, appreciation, and love
of the Philippines; the second is an actual preference for foreign things.
______12. Lack of Discipline. The Filipino’s lack of this attitude encompasses several related
characteristics. We have a causal and relaxed attitude towards time and space which
manifests itself in lack of precision and compulsiveness, in poor time management and
in procrastination.
______13. Extreme Family-Centeredness. Excessive concern for family manifests itself in
the use of one’s office and power as a means of promoting the interest of the family, in
factionalism, patronage, and political dynasties and in the protection of erring family
members. It results in lack of concern for the common good and it acts as a block to
national consciousness.
______14. Filipino Time This behavior usually drives time-observant foreigners crazy. While
we Filipinos with our easy-going ways have somewhat become used to Filipino time, it
still is a bad habit that needs to be dropped.
______15. Man’s social life is governed by_____ culture and family is often regarded as the
first form of society.
______16. Extreme Personalism. Filipino view the world in terms of personal relationships,
and the extent to which one is able to personally relate to things and the people
determines the recognition of their existence and the value given to them. There is no
separation between the objective task and the emotional involvement.
______17. A society based exclusively on_______ likeness and uniformity is bound to be
loose in social ties. There are natural differences of aptitude, interest and capacity. These
 differences are necessary for society as likeness will result in little reciprocity and little
give and take.
______18. Ability to Survive a basic optimism, flexibility and adaptability, hard work, and a
deep faith in God. It is manifested in the millions of Filipinos who bravely live through
the harshest economic and social circumstances. Regretfully, one wonders what we
might be able to do under better circumstances.
______19. The term "society" which came from the Latin word societas generally designates
persons belonging to a:____________ specific in-group.
______20. Lack of Self-Analysis and Self-Reflection. There is a tendency in the Filipino to be
superficial and even somewhat flighty. In the face of serious problems, both personal
and social, there is lack of analysis or reflection. We joke about the most serious matters
and this prevents looking deeply into the problem. There is no felt need to validate our
hypotheses or explanation of things. Thus, we are satisfied with superficial explanations
and superficial solution to problems.
______21. Lack of Discipline. We have an aversion for following strictly a set of procedures,
and this results in lack of standardization and quality control. We are impatient and
unable to unable to delay gratification or reward, resulting in the use of short-cuts, in
skirting fiction or reward.
______22. Society exists only where social beings behave toward one another in ways
determined by their recognition of one another.
______23. Being Onion-Skinned (Balat Sibuyas).We Filipinos are famous for being easily
slighted at perceived insults. While it’s perfectly normal for us to taunt and criticize
others, we can’t handle the same when it’s being hurled back at us. Incidents
showcasing our extra-sensitivity to insults usually involve a foreigner making either a
bonafide racist remark or a humorous jab at us Filipinos.
______24. Bahala Na Attitude Roughly translated as “come what may”, this is the Filipinos’
own version of fatalism, the belief of leaving everything to the hands of fate.
______25. Ningas-Kugon One reason why we sometimes exert half-hearted effort in our
undertakings is due to this attitude. Translated to “burning cogon grass” in English, this
idiom is meant to illustrate how Filipinos initially exhibit great enthusiasm at the
beginning of a project.
______26. Balikbayan Box Mentality People ingrained with this mentality either become
exploitative or jealous of the success of the OFW, not knowing that he/she is working
hard away from his loved ones in a foreign country. Some also believe that the practice
undoubtedly contributes to the Filipinos’ colonial mentality.
______27. General Disregard for Rules Why is it so hard for Filipinos to obey the rules? This
social phenomenon is not exclusive to hardened criminals either—a look at everyday life
in the country shows Filipinos from the entire social strata nonchalantly breaking the
 rules, whether it is something as benign as jaywalking or as dangerous as beating the
red light.
______28. Bahala Na Attitude This attitude, while not inherently detrimental in itself, is still
a double-edged sword. On one hand, positive aspects of this behavior include belief in
Divine Providence and national social responsibility.
______29. Mañana Habit It is ironic that the Spanish would accuse Filipinos of being lazy
when they themselves taught us this habit in the first place. Known as “tomorrow” in
English, the habit encourages procrastination, an “ability” we Filipino have since turned
into an art form.
______30. Excessive Partying Sometimes we even make up the slightest of reasons just so
we could have an excuse to party. What’s more, a host would sometimes even strain his
own finances just to impress his guests. As for fiestas, it seems that every LGU down to
the smallest barangay in the country has a fiesta to celebrate. Like we said, it’s alright to
party, but we should really focus on austerity and working hard first.
______31. Colonial Mentality.Probably one of the biggest flaws we have as a nation is this
mentality, defined as a preference for all things foreign over our own, a negative trait
we acquired from our days under the Spanish and the Americans. As a result, we
Filipinos have been indoctrinated with the misconception that our culture is inferior to
that of our past colonizers.
______32. The society in which man lives has been distinguished from that of animals due to
its government by_________ culture.
______33. Bahala Na Attitude this attitude can also promote a sense of helplessness and
resignation of one’s fate at the local level, and a countrywide lack of empathy and
collective action on the national level. This is also the reason why we tend to have
amnesia over past wrongdoings committed by our leaders.
______34. In anthropology, the term is used to refer not only to a group of people but also to
the complex pattern of the norms of interaction that arise among them.
______35. Crab Mentality Simply put, this refers to the behavior of preventing someone
from achieving something due to jealousy or envy. Instead of praising or rendering
assistance, someone with this mentality would think “if I can’t have it, then you can’t as
well” and will purposely try to bring his/her victim down.
______36. Maintaining Double Standards This behavior can be observed in just about every
sector of Philippine society, with the most common example being the condemnation of
an adulterous woman while applauding a polygamous man
______37. Sociology is a branch of the social sciences that uses systematic methods of
empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop and refine a body of knowledge
about human social structure and activity, sometimes with the goal of applying such
knowledge to the pursuit of government policies designed to benefit the general social
welfare.
______38. Corruption One of the biggest social ills our country has continued to face since
time immemorial is this issue. Let’s face it, our “culture” is embedded deep within our
system and reinforced by a complex web of economic and social factors which include
personal ambitions and a twisted sense of loyalty to friends and kin. The Philippines is in
for a long haul if our officials and we ourselves do not get rid of this very negative habit.
______39. Excessive Partying Now there’s nothing wrong with enjoying a fiesta and party
every now and then, it’s just that we Filipinos tend to overdo it. Birthdays,
anniversaries, graduations, and even somber funerals are celebrated by Filipinos like
there is no tomorrow.
______40. Macrosociology involves the study of widespread social processes.
______41. Extreme Family-Centeredness. While concern for the family is one of the
Filipino’s greatest strengths, in the extreme it becomes a serious flaw. excessive concern
for the family creates an in-group to which the Filipino is fiercely loyal to the detriment
of concern for the larger community or for the common good.
______42. Maintaining Double Standards On the national scale, we see politicians spouting
promises of reform and good governance only to break them in the end. Long story
short, some Filipinos are hypocrites to the core.
______43. Conflict is a major component of society. It expresses itself in numerous ways and
in various degrees. Conflicts create a sense of insecurity and this leads to search of
strategies to manage them so that the members live in harmony.
______44. Accommodation and assimilation facilitate the functioning of the society
______45. Human beings undoubtedly live-in societies which is a complex affair requiring
an elaborate division of labor. Though human beings are structurally homogeneous, no
human is born with anatomical characteristics suited to their caste functions.
______46. Inter-dependence is indispensable among human beings and this leads to
establishment of relationships which is essential to constitute society.
______47. Filipinos believe in the need for social acceptance and feel that education can
provide upward mobility. Color of skin, beauty, and money are the criteria that
determine a person's social position
______48. The first barangays started as relatively small communities of around
________50 to 100 families. By the time of contact with Spaniards, many barangays
have developed into large communities.
______49. An important legacy of the _____Spanish colonial period was the high
concentration of land ownership, and the consequent widespread poverty and agrarian
unrest. United States administrators and several Philippine presidential administrations
launched land reform programs to maintain social stability in the countryside.
______50. The American anthropologist Brian Fegan, writing in "An Anarchy of Families," a
book published in the 1990s, told the New York Times that ________Filipino family is
the most enduring political unit and the one into which, failing some wider principle of
organization, all other units dissolve."