5 Trusses

51 The toes in enbers 5.4 The strain energy stored in member AB of the pin-
a nthe truss shhown
esNectve) jointed truss as shown in ligure where Eand A are
same for all members, is

P.0
PPP

[1995 2 Marks] 2PL PL

52 Phe oeformaton ot the truss members are as
soun n parantheses. the rotation of the member
aAE pAE
(d) Zero

-5mm
c2AE
[1998: 2 Marks]
5.5 ldentify the false statement from the ffowng.
5 mm -2
mm
E pertaining to the effects due to a temperature rise
ATin the bar BD alone in the plane iruss shown
4 below

a 05 10 radian (b) 10x 10-2radian

C5 10 radian (d) 20x 102radian
[1996: 1 Mark]
5.3 The force n the member DE of the truss shown in
he tigure
100 k

C
(a) No reactions develop at supports A and
(b) The bar BD will be subject to a tensite force
(c) The bar AC will be subject to a compressive
force
(d) The bar BCwill be subject to a tensile force
(a) 100 0 kN (b) Zero 2001 1 Mark]
(c) 35.5 kN (d) 25.0 kN 5.6 In a redundant joint model, three bar mambers
(1997 1 Mark] are pin connected at Q as shown in the tigure
A O E
A5
E A S
Structural Analysis
me load placed at Q, the
elongation of
Under some

111
embers Ma andOQ are tound to be 48 mm Common Data for (5.9 and 5.10)
mm respectively Then the A truss is shown in the
spiau horizontal
ment'i' and the vertical displacement'v Cross section A figure. Members are of
and same equal
e node , in mm, will be respectively vertical force Pis modulus of elasticity E. A
applied at point C
N IP

MN 400 mm
NO 500 mm
NO 500 mm

Q X, u 2L

, V
5.9 Force in the member AB
of the trus is
P
a6.64and 56.14
c)0.0and 59.41
(6) 6.64 and 56.14
(d) 59.41 and 0.0 2 (6)
P
[2003 2 Marks] (c) 2 d) P
A TUss, as shown in the figure, is carrying 180 kN
load at node L, The force in the diagonal member (2005: 2 Marks]
M,U, will be 5.10 Deflection of the point C is

U
(a 22+ ()2FA
EA

M, M 1.5 m
1.5 m
(c)(22+ )(2+ FA
L 4 L5
[2005 2 Marks]
180 kN 5.11 The right triangular truss is made of members
6 panels @4 m= 24 m- having equal cross sectional area of 1550 mm2
and Young's modulus of 2 x 105 MPa.
The
a) 100 kN tension horizontal deflection of the joint Q is
(b) 100 kN compression
135 kN
(c) 80 kN tension
d)80kN compressionn
[2003 2 Marks] 6m
.8 For the plane truss shown in the
figure, the number
of zero force members for the
given loading is
4.5m
(a) 2.47 mm (b) 10.25 mm
(c) 14.31 mm (d) 15.68 mm
[2007 2 Marks]
5.12 The members EJand IJof a steel truss shown in
the figure below are subjected to a temperature
VQ
rise of 30°C. The coefficient of thermal expansion
(a) 4 (b) 8 of steel is 0.000012 per °C per unit length.
The
c) 11 displacement (mm) of joint E relative
to joint H
(d) 13
truss, is
2004: 1 Mark] along the direction HE of the
112 GATE Previous Years Solved Papers: CE mADE
ERS

3000 mm 3000 mm
(a) 0255 0.5 m I m 2m
(b) 0.589 O.5 m 0.5m
(c) 0.764 (d) 1.026
[2008: 2 Marks] [2013 2 Marks]
.13 For the truss shown in the figure, the force in the
E 16 Mathematical idealizationof a crane has
with their vertices arranged as shown in three bars
member QR is the figure
with a load of 80 kN hanging
vertically. The
coordinates of thevertices are given in
parentheses. The force in the
member QR, Foa
will be

P(0,4)
22.84°

P 80 kN
(a) zero () 2
(c) P (d) 2P
[2010 1 Mark]
5.14 The pin-jointed 2-D truss is loaded with a horizontal
force of 15 kN at joint Sand another 15 kN vertical 104.03
force at joint Uas shown in figure. Find the force 53.13
in member AS (in kN) and report your answer
taking tension as +ve and compression as -ve. Q1,0) R(3,0
4n 4 m 4 m (a) 30 kN Compressive
(b) 30 kN Tensile
15 kN (c) 50 kN Compressive
(d) 50 kN Tensile
[2014 2 Marks, Set-
5.17
Forthetruss shown below, the member PQisshort
by 3 mm. The magnitude of vertical displacement
15 kN
of joint A (in mm) is

AP

(2013: 1 Mark]
5.15 Auniform beam weighing 1800 Nis supported at
E& F by cable ABCD. Determine the tension
force in segment AB at this cable (correct to 4m
4 m
1 decimal place). Assume the cable ABCD, BE
and CF are weightless [2014: 2 Marks, Set-
 ERS

ha20truss with the applied loads shown 5.20 A plane truss with applied loads is shown in the
Fof hthe
below, e str
strain energy in the member XY is
1 8

figure.
.
KN-m. For member XY, assume
kN, where A is cross-section area and 20 kN
3 0A
10 kN
A m o d u l u s of elasticity 10 kN H 1 m
s the
1 m
m
5 kN
N 1m
A S P
10 kN

2 m 2m
2 m 2m 2m 2m
3 m The members which do not carry any force are
(a) FT, TG, HU, MP, PL
(b) ET, GS, UR, VA, QL
(c) FT, GS, HU, MP, QL
3 m (d) MP PL, HU, FT, UR
[2016 2 Marks, Set-1]
X 5.21 Consider the structural system shown in the figure
under the action of weight W. All the joints are
3n
hinged. The properties of the members in terms
of length (L), are (A) and the modulus of elasticity
(E) are also given in the figure. Let L, A and E
be 1m, 0.05 m2 and 30 x 105 N/m2, respectively.
3
and W be 100 kN

[2015 2 Marks, Set-I]

5.19 Consider the plane truss with load Pas shown in

the figure. Let the horizontal and vertical reactions
atthe joint Bbe H and Vg. respectively and Ve
A.E
90°
A,E
be vertical reaction at the joint C. o 4 5 2A,E 45°
V45 45

L -
G
A,E A . E

/60 60
P

Which one of the following sets gives the

60 60 correct values of the force, stress and change in
D
B C length of the horizontal member QR?
L -L (a) Compressive force = 25 kN;
Stress 250 kN/m2 ; Shortening = 0.0118m
Which one of the
following sets gives the correct (6) Compressive force = 14.14 kN;
values of V
Hg and Vc Stress 141.4 kN/m2; Extension =0.0118 m
=

a) V 0; =
Hg =0; Vc P =
(c) Compressive force = 100 kN;
(6) V PI2;
=
Hg 0; Vc P2 = Stress 1000 kN/m2: Shortening = 0.0417 m
C) Vg PI2; Ha
P (sin60°); Vc
= =
P/2 (d) Compressive force 100 KN;
(d) V =P,
Hp P (cos(60°); Vc = 0
Stress = 1000 kN/m2; Extension =
0.0417m

[2016:1 Mark, Set-i] [2016:2Marks, Set-]

 GATE Previous Years Solved Papers: ROE ERSY

S 22 Corcr te elmae p r r e truitS w 5 24& pare truis s hown the gure inot cra

g re

Whch one of the foliowng ootions contains ONLY

zero force members
a ) FG F HI RS
he truss
) FI FG RS. PR
C) FG FH. HI RS C) F HI PR, RS

(2019 1 Mark, Set-l]

Gver that E = 2x Nim2 A = 10 mm2 5.25 Consicer the pin-jointed piane truss shown in
anc P= N
-
he nonzontal d splacement igure (not c'awn to scaie). Let A, A and
Cinmm t o one decmal place) s denote the vertical reactions (upward
positive
aoplied by the supoorts at . Q and A
[2018 2 Marks, Set-I] respectively. on the truss The corect combination
of (R Ro R is represented
5 23 A he members of he pianar truss (see figure), by
ave the same orcperties in terms of area of T
crOSs-Secton) and modulus of elasticity (E).
3m

L
30 N

3 m 3m 3m
a) (10. 30 -10) kN D) (30-30. 3AN
(c)(20.0. 10)kN (C)(0.60.-30)N
P
[2019 1 Mark. Se:
5.26 Consider the planar truss s'hown in
tn
drawn to the scale)
For the ads shown the truss, the statement
on
thatcorreCUy represents the nature of forces in
the memDers of the rUss
is
(a) There are 3 members in tension, and 2
members in compression
(b) There are 2 members in
tension, 2 members
in compress.on, and 1 zero-force member
(c) There are 2 members in tension, 1 member in
Neglecting seif-weight of he ebes
compression, and 2 zero-force members
numberot zero-torce members in the S S
(d) There are 2 members in tension, and 3 zero the action of the load
force Members
P, is
a)6
(2018: Mark, Set-11]
1 ) 7
(c)
[2020 1 Mark. Sei
 E R S S

K. L. Q and M ot the trame shown

s J } 5.28 A truss EFGH is shown in the figure, in which all
Ke (not drawn to the scale) are pins the members have the same axial rigidity A. In
s members 1Q and JL are connected
the figure, Pis the magnitude of external horizontal
a p i n at N Continuous members JM and forces acting at joints F andG.
onected rough a pin at P The frame
orts at joints R. and S. The loads G
e9nts I J and K are along the negative P
a n d the loads acting at joints L, M

positive X direction.
n g the
L
10kN

Y.. ****

M 10 kN
m 1 m 1 m 1 m If R 500x 103 kN, P = 150 kN and L = 3 m,
the magnitude of the horizontal displacement of
magnitude of the horizontal component of
joint G (in mm, round off to one decimal place)
:n (in kN) at S. is
is
(b) 10
[2021 1 Mark, Set-l]
(d) 20

20:2 Marks, Set-11]

Aeswers Trusses
5.2 () 5.3 (b) 5.4 (d) 5.5 (6) 5.6 (b)5.7 (a) 5.8 (6) 5.9 (c)
5.11 (d) 5.12 (c)5.13 (c) 5.16 (a)5.19 (a) 5.20 (a) 5.21 (c) 5.23 (d)
24 5.25 (D) 5.26 (d) 5.27 (a)

Erplanations Trusses
a EM = 0

R x 2L - Px L = 0
P
2
P
P
and
L Consider Joint B, member a' and load P are along
same line.

BD=P
C_
D Now consider JointE
V = 0
RE
L - L Re PCE= P/2
=

force at E,
Consider equilibrium of horizontal
mequibrium conditions, FED=0
Ra+Rg=P
 CE MADE BO
GATE Previous YearsSolved Papers: RSY
116

POINTS TO REMEMBER
F 4 (Tensile)
h MO Dars f colnear rces m equibruum Hence, rotation
ot member ba will be qivenaas

00050004-116x10 10 radian
42
(Anticlock)

POINTS TO REMEMBER

For equatOn, F, =F .Due to hinge supports A and D, member AD

F can not elongate or contrract due to
applied
loads. Since, deformation is zero, force in the
2 member AD is also zero.
=F =0 However, had the member AD been subjected
AC 0n-colinear member meeting at ajoint) to temperature changesforce would have
caicuiate the rotation of member ba, we will developed in the member AD due to restraint
a00y a unit couple as shown below, offered by supports against deformation.

5.3 (b)
Consider joint E,
Taking equilibrium of vertical forces, we get
FaE 0
42 5.4 (d)
1 Method-
42
Degree of static indeterminacy

4m-
D= m+e-2
=5 +3-2x4

At joint 'b': = 8-8 0

F,-0
=F 45 COs45°
4/2

/ A12
45)
45

45

1 kN
F4J2 (Cornpressive) Truss is determinate
EF, = 0 Now, from equation of equilibrium,
F =0
Fa Cos45°+sin45° = Fah
V =P
also, EM =0
A D EE R S05 Structural Analysis
PxL+ HxL =0 117
Sin , =
0.625 and
HAP cos . =
0.781
EF, =0 NO 500
and
H+ H 0
tan , NQ 500
H =P sin e =
0.707 and cos 6, 0.707
=

Considerjoint B, Elongation of member MQ in terms of uand vwll

u Sin , + v cos , = 48
be
AB or, 0.625u + 0.781v= 48
)
Elongation of member 0Q in terms
of u and
vwll be,
Fso Or, u sin 6,+ v Cos 6, =
35
-0.707u +0.707V =35
F 0 ..()
FAB 0 Solving () and (i) we get
strain energy stored in members AB, U =
6.64 mm and v =
56.14 mm

5.7
FaLaa=0 Let reactions at
Lo and L be H and
respectively
P Re 180
Taking moments about Lo, we get
B
x 24 180x 8 =00
R= 60 kN
D From (), we get.
R 120kN
Assuming section passing through members
U,U. M,L and L,L, and
considering left portion
As temperature increases the bar AD will tend to
elongate but joint Band Dwill offer resistance
Hence bar BDwill be in compression. Once nature U
of force in BD is known, forces in other members -Fuus
can be determined
by joint equilibrium.
/FL Fu0
6

Let MON =8, and 20ON =0

120 kN
M V
180 kN

- Considering equation of LHS of X-X

/90-8, F=0
120 180+ -

FM Sin 6 =0
LaM

MN FM=60x=100kN (T)
an NQ 4 - 0.8
500
 118 GATE Previous Years Solved Papers: CE MADE EDe.
S4
S.8 1kN

hree embers meet at a

jOint and out of them B

DwO &re dolinear. then non-collinear

member will 2
camy erd force. provided that there
is no external Assuming tensile forces as positive and
a c at he joint compressive forces as negative.
Thus using above statement, we arrive at
ero torce members which are
highlighted by Member P PKL
K AE

59 A'C 1 PL

Since the
2 2AE
truss is loaded symmetrically, the BC PL
eachons will be equal. 2L 2AE
AB P
us reaction at B = Rs =
2 2AE
Now considering joint equilibrium at B, Deflection at C, 8, = 2 PKL
F = 0
FeD AE
Where K is the force in member due to
unit load
FaSin9-5 =0) applied at C
FAB 45 PL PL PL

FeCOsFAEF 0(Gi) 2 AE 2AE 2AE

From (i), we have V2PL+2 PL +PL
P 2AE
-P
2sin2sin 45
Now, from equation (i)
FAE-FeD Cos 6 5.11 (d)
P
- cos 45° =
C135 kN 1NN
S.10
It is evident from the diagram that all the interior 6 r

members will carry zero force.

P
4.6 m R HR

P P
2
135=0
13kN
B
Now
45
 aS Structural Analysts 10
2818 125+ 1436 4+6075
Si 75 7 AE
EM0
45 135r6 0 4862 025 10") 10
V180 kN (1550 10 ) (2 10° 10 ")
V180 kN
15.68mm

5.12 (e)
135 kN

180 kN
1 kN
FBD of joint R

3n
F= 0
1 kN
180=F0

G
Fa 180 kN (Comp.) 3 m 3 m

20=0
Fs-135 =0
As only El and IJ are subjected to temperature
Fa= 135 kN (Comp.) rise, so we will calculate forces in only these

Fra members due to unit load.

Fe N (Comp.)
-135 kN
Relative displacement of joint E and H
180 kN
FBD of joint P x 3000x0.000012 x 30

= 0.764 mm
0 -ve' sign means displacement is in opposite
F Cos-135 =

direction of unit load.

135x 7.5
F 4.5 5.13 (
Fax 225 kN (Tension) Using method of joints and considering joint S.
Tension(+)compression()and K= for each we get,
mermber,
FRs
KL PKL
Member P
AE
PO 2818.125 TS
225 1.67 7.5
AE
1436.4
OR-180-1.33 6 AE
RP 607.5 IF = 0
-135-1 4.5 AE
Frs0
and EF = 0
PKL FRS-P 0
AE
FaS=P(tensile)
120 CE| mROE
GATE Prevlous YearsSolved Papers: ERS
Considering joint A, we get Joint V,
Fv
oR 45 R

FrR P
Fov0
FP
EF=0
-FTR Sin 45° - P =0 ZH 0:
FaFey=A, = 0
V =0
-P2 (compressive) Now, member RS and RU area non-collinear
0
members meeting at a joint with no external force
-FTRCOS 45°- FoR 0
acting on the joint.
P2x-F =0 FsRay0
FoR P(tension) 5.15 Sol
5.14 Sol R Ro
Take moment about
V,M, 0,=

Rx 4 =0 AB 45
To 1m
R=0
EM=0
R, x 8- 15 x 4 + 15 x 4=0
Ry=0
.

1800 N
4m- 4m
4 m
0.5 m 1m 2m 0.5 m 0.5m
-15 kN
Taking moment about A,
Rx 4 1800 x 1.5
-RA Ap 675 N
15 kN BA 1800 Rp = 1125 N
At joint D.

-RH EF,= 0

Ry
TDsinRp-6752N
45
We know that if two members meet at a joint Taking free body diagram as shown in figure,
which are not collinear and also there is no external
TAB 6752
forces acting on that joint, then both members
will carry zero forces. 45
Fav FoR 0
Now, consider joint P
XH=0
Ry=0,
and F0, 1800 N
F=Ry
Taking moment about T, EF, = 0
EM =0
8Ry+ 15 x 4-15 x 4=0 TAB Sine +675/2sin45° = 1800

Ry=0 AB Sine= 1125

eERSM Structural Analys
0d P
TAR COS= 675V2 cos 45° 104 03° -90" 14.03 d
XF, 0
to
8 675
A8 COS (i) PYCOSa + Vo 0
() a n d (i), Frocos14 03° + 120 = 0
FYYY eq

tan 8
3 Fr-123.6897kN
F, = O
sin 0.8575
uttung value of sine in eq. (i), FroSing Fom
T4 0.8575 = 1125 Fon-29.986kN
AB 1311.96 N 3 0 kNm (comp.)

5.17 Sol.
PQ is short by 3 mm
Ao.4) We have to find out vertical
displacement of
22.84 joint R in mm,

S0 kN
Apply unit load at R as shown below

UPR URO
104.03
. 1.0) 55.13 R(3,0)
UpR URO
Vl
1m UPO
3m

F = 0 Vp=1/2 Vo=1/2
Vo+ Va 80
ZM= 0 Due to symmetric loading. Vp = Vo =
80 x 3 = Vo x 2 Consider P:
2V = 0,
V 120kN
VR - 40 kN From eq. () UpRSin 6 5

tan 4 EH 0,
UPO+UPR COs 0 = 0
4
Sino = cos AT PO-UpR COS 6 = 1 cose
2sine
tane -cote -1x4/3-2
UpO 3
4
cose=
5 ARUpox hpo =-3)
Consider joint Q, 2 mm upwards
Fro
POINTS TO REMEMBER
as
We need not ocalcualte UPR and URO
Fon pR RO0
Va
 Years Solved Papers: CE mADE Er
122 GATE Previous ERSY
S.18 Sel 10x3
First calcuiatng reactions.
U 2x30
= 5 kNm
M-0
3-109-53 =0 5.19 (e
Rg35kN
H=10 kN EF, = 0
Mg 0
3 10 x 9 = 0 Vg+ Vc =P ()
RA 30 kN
Let us cut a section 1-1 as shown and
in
figure
consder the lower part
| 5 kN

10kN-

3 m H 60
D
607
45 B
L +- L
va
3m
EMg = 0
45
- V x 2 L+ Px 2 L =0

3m Vo=P
From (),
HA
45 EF, = 0

B 5.20 (a)
Given AE =30 kN and L=3m, If there members meet at a
joint and out of them
Calculation for force Pin XY member. are collinear, then non collinear
member
willcarry
zero force provided
that there
is no external loa1
at the joint.
Use this statement to check the members wilh
zero force.

45 5.21 (c)
H= 10

3 m
RA 30kN R 35 kN ZNM
WN2
Q 4 5
45 (R
1OriZontal 0
45 45
10kN
Strain energy, 90 N N 2
PPL
U- 2AE
W
 as Structural Analysls

Shortening
fm, A (005 m
A
non
10" Nim 2AL

100x10' ? 1
2x005x 30 10

100x10 2- 2
N 0.1x 30x 10 30
0
A 00471 m

5.22 Sol due to applied loading

Force is each member
sOS 45=W
W
2P 2P
Fs 2
symmetrical,
trusS IS
As the
2L
W
(Tensile)
Fac
c o n s i d e r joint
'Q, 45 Bp
Now 13P
FaP ,

W 45
FABP(Comp.)
FFos
F =0 Fac3P(Comp.)
FAC 2 P (Tension)
Fon = 0 unit load.
member due to
Force in each

OR-W

(Compressive)
FoR-100 kN
member QR,
Stress in

of QR 2A)
FOR
=

Area
(:
O(2A) B

100
OoA 2x0.05 FAB 1 (Comp.)
100 x100 1000 kN/m Bc 1 (Comp.)
2x5 FAC 2 (Tension)

oR1000kN/m2
compression,
subjecterd to
As the member QRis
t will go under shortening
124
GATE Prevlous Years Solved Papers: CE mADE EDE.,

Using, EF = 0
PKL
Member LAE AE Rp + P+ A 30 kN i)
Taking moment about P
PL
AB P AE XM 0
AE
( 3 0 x 3) Rg x 6- A x9 =0
3PL
BC 3P AE
AE 2R+ 3A 30 ()
Again considering the equilibrium of RHS of
22PL section X-X
CA 2P 2V2L 2AE
24
2AE
EF,0
5.414PL Using (i). (i) and (ii)
=
AE Rp 30 kN
PkL Ro-30 kN
Total deflection ô = AE
AE A+30 kN

5.414x(100ON) x(1000mm) = 2.7 mm 5.26 (d)

10mm)x(2x 10 Nimm?
3
5.23 d)
Ve = 0

P P
Sequence--0--AB)
As AAB 0, hence FAB = O
Total number of zero force member 8

5.27 a
V
H- PD 10 kN T0KN 10kN

V=0 1m

Since member BDneither elongate nor contract. Ha - - - --. - -. -

Hence,
L10 kN M10 k
So there are 2 tension members (AB and DC) T 1 1m 1 m-1m-1 m

and 3 zero force members (AD, BD, BC).

Remove hinge at support S and repiace it i
5.25 (b) roller support as shown in the ligire

B Step Find coordinates of a" tht: por

where forces are acting.

m Y=2 sin9, y =v2 sine, y, = v2 sin

3 m

2cos , Xm =5 / 2 c o s , - 62co

30KN Ra TRR IndStep: Find virtual displace 2nms ct a

R3m points
oy,= 2 cos ede. 8y, = v? ce
 Structural Analysis
I
a5
Ood Pla
8y = v2cosece

1 unit d fo
-V2sinede, &'m=-5N2 sinede, CUnun
Sts =-62 sinede
of virtual work to find
1rd Step: Use principle
force
horizontal
Hs
unknown
SU= 0
-10x 2 cos ede x3+|10x-v2sinede
(k force system)
[10x -5v2 sin ede-Hs x-6/2sinede
Note: No need to calculate k force in all members
+50 2 sin e because'P force is zerofore all members except
30/2 cos0 +10/2 sin 0 FG
6v2 sine
By unit load method
5
Substituting, e
=
45°, H =
9015
6
KN P,4
Note: Sign conventions
DHG AE
i=1

AHG =Horizontal deflection at joint G

x-axis
force acts along positive positive
or
tf a

y-axis,
take it as positive. Px1xL +

force acts along negative

x-axis or negative AHG AE_ (For all other members)
If a
FG-member
take it as negative.
y-axis,
150x3 10mm
5.28 Sol. 500x 10
G = 0.90 mm
P - P

HE=0 H

VE 0 V 0
(P force system)