20.07.

2021
Saravana Kumar Trainer for Today
1. A car dealer sells Varun a car at a 20%
profit and then Varun sells it to Deepak at a
15% profit. After using the car for 2 years
Deepak sells it back to Varun at a loss of
10%,whearas Varun sells it back to the
dealer at a loss of 5% the profit percentage
that the dealer makes in this transaction is:
a 18.75% b 16.82%
c 17.99% d 15.62%

Car Dealer @ 20% profit sells so Varun

Varun @ 15% profit sells to Deepak
Deepak @ 10% loss sells it back to Varun
Varun @ 5% loss sells it back to Car
dealer.
Value of the car when it was with the car
Dealer is Rs 100. → Worth of the car is
Rs 100.
Car dealer sells to Varun @ 20% profit @ Rs
120. → Worth of the car is Rs
120.
Varun sells to Deepak @ 15% profit @ 120 *
[115/100] = Rs 138 → Worth of the car is Rs
138.
Deepak Sells it back to Varun @ 10% loss @
138 * [90/100] = Rs 124.20 → Worth of the
car is Rs 124.20
Varun Sells it back to the car Dealer @ 5%
loss @ 124.20 * [95 /100] = Rs 117.99

100 → 117.99
Increase % = [(Difference) / Base] * 100
= [(117.99 – 100) / 100] * 100
 = 17.99%
100 → 20% → Rs 120 → 15% → Rs 138
→ 10% → Rs 124.2 → 5% → 117.99

Alternate Easy Method:

Successive % Change Formula
A + B + [AB / 100] = Net % change
20% , 15% , 10% , 5%
A = +20; B = +15
20 + 15 + [300/100] = 38%
A = -10; B = -5
-10 – 5 + [50 / 100] = -14.5%
A = +38; B = -14.5
38 – 14.5 – [551/100] = 38 – 20.01 = 17.99%

20% , 15% , 10%

A = +20; B = +15
A + B + AB / 100 = Net % change
20 + 15 + [300/100] = 38%

A = +38; B = -10
A + B + AB / 100 = Net % change

Dealer → Varun → Deepak → Varun →

Dealer
20%P 15%P 10%L 5%L
100 120 138 124.20
117.99

Assume CP of Dealer is Rs 100

Dealer’s CP is Rs 100 * (120/100) = Rs 120
(Dealer’s SP)

SP of Dealer is Rs 120 = CP of Varun is Rs

120
Varun’s CP is Rs 120 * (115/100) = Rs 138
(Varun’s SP)

SP of Varun is Rs 138 = CP of Deepak is Rs

138
Deepak CP is Rs 138 * (90/100) = Rs 124.20
(Deepak’s SP)
SP of Deepak is Rs 124.20 = CP of Varun is
Rs 124.20
Varun CP is Rs 124.20 * (95 / 100) = Rs
117.99 (Varun’s SP)

SP of Varun Rs 117.99 = CP of Dealer Rs

117.99
From 100 → 117.99
Price increase is 17.99%

Shortcut
100 → 20% → 15% → 10% → 5%
→ Rs 117.99
Profit Profit Loss Loss
Whenever you apply 2 or more % changes
to a single number the we use Successive %
change formula
20% P 15% P 10%L 5%L
A + B + [AB / 100] = Net % change
A = +20; B = + 15
A + B + [AB / 100] = 20 + 15 + [300/100] = 35
+ 3 = 38 %

20% P 15% P 10%L 5%L

A + B + [AB / 100] = Net % change
A = - 10; B = - 5
A + B + [AB / 100] = -10 - 5 + [50/100] = -15
+ .5 = -14.5 %

38% -14.5%
A + B + [AB / 100] = Net % change
A = + 38; B = - 14.5
A + B + [AB / 100] = 38 – 14.5 - [551/100] =
38 – 20.01 = 17.99%
38 * (145) → 38 * (100 + 40 + 5) = 3800 +
1520 + 190 = 5510 → 551.

10% inc, 20% inc, 30% inc, 20% dec

10% inc & 20% inc
A = +10; B = + 20
A + B + [AB / 100] = net % change
10 + 20 + [200/ 100] = 32%

30% inc & 20% dec

A = +30; B = - 20
A + B + [AB / 100] = net % change
30 – 20 – [600/ 100] = 10 – 6 = 4%
32% inc & 4% inc
A = +32; B = +4.
A + B + [AB / 100] = 32 + 4 + [128 / 100] =36
+ 1.28 = 37.28%

The price per kg of rice increased by 10%, its

consumption decreases by 5%, what is the
net effect on sales?
Price / kg * Consumption = Sales
Rs 200 * 10 kg = Rs 2000
10% 5% =
Rs 220 * 9.5 kg = Rs 2090

Net effect on sales = [(2090 – 2000) / 2000] *

100 = 4.5%

Alternatre Easy Method

Successive Change Formula
A + B + [AB / 100] = Net % change
A = +10; B = - 5.
10 – 5 – [50/ 100] = 5 - .5 = +4.5% (‘+’
indicates we have an increase)

2. P is 5 times as efficient as Q in respect of

doing a work . Together they complete it in
20 days .what is the time of P?
a. 26 b.30 c.28
d.24

Amount = Rate * Time

Distance = Speed * Time (TSD)
Work Done = Efficiency * Time (T & W)

Fractional Method, Total work is always 1.

Efficiency & Time are Inversely
Proportional.
P → P’s Efficiency
Q → Q’s Efficiency
Time taken by P & Q is 20 days
Efficiency = Work Done / Time Taken
= 1 / 20.
Efficiency of P & Q = 1 / 20.
P + Q = 1/ 20.
P = 5Q → P / 5 = Q
P + P / 5 = 1 / 20
(5P + P) / 5 = 1 / 20
6P = 1 / 4
P = 1 / 24.
P’s Efficiency = 1 / 24.
P’s Time = Work Done / P’s Efficiency
= 1 / (1 / 24)
 = 24 days

W=E*T
E=W/T
T=W/E

P → P’s 1-day work or Efficiency.

Q → Q’s 1-day work or Efficiency.
P = 5Q
P’s 1-day work = 5 Q’s 1-day work
P’s 1-day work / 5 = Q’s 1-day work
Time taken by P & Q to complete the work
is 20 days
P & Q’s 1-day work is 1 / 20.
P’s 1-day work + Q’s 1-day work = 1/20.
P’s 1-day work + [P’s 1-day work / 5] = 1 / 20
5 P’s 1-day work + P’s 1-day work = 1/ 4.
6 P’s 1-day work = 1 / 4
P’s 1-day work = 1 / 24
Time taken by P to complete the work is 24
days.

Time → Efficiency or Efficiency → Time

you have to inverse
You want to pick 2 distinct numbers from
the set {1,2,3,4} in how many ways can you
do this so that the product is even?

4C2 = 6.
Even * Anything = Even

1, 2 → Even
1, 3 → Odd
1, 4 → even
2, 3 → even
2, 4 → Even
3, 4 → Even
1, 2 → Even
1, 3 → Odd
1, 4 → Even
2, 3 → Even
2, 4 →Even
3, 4 → Even

If the price of rice is increased by 30%, then

by what percent should its consumption be
decreased so that the total expenditure
remains same?

Price * Consumption = Expenditure

30% x% = Expenditure remains
same
A + B + [AB / 100] = Net % change
A = + 30; B = -x
30 – x – [30x/ 100] = 0
3000 – 100x – 30x = 0
-130x = -3000
x = 300/ 13 = 23.07%

What is the least multiple of 13 which is

divided by 3,4,5,8 and 10 leaves remainder 2
in each case?

Least number which when divided by 3, 4,

5, 8, 10 gives remainder 0 = LCM (3, 4, 5, 8,
10)
Least number which when divided by 3, 4,
5, 8, 10 gives remainder 0 = 120.
Least number which when divided by 3, 4,
5, 8, 10 gives remainder 2 = 120 + 2 = 122.
(Not divisible by 13)

2nd number which when divided by 3, 4, 5,

8, 10 gives remainder 0 = 240.
2nd number which when divided by 3, 4, 5,
8, 10 gives remainder 2 = 240. + 2 = 242.
(Not divisible by 13)

3rd number which when divided by 3, 4, 5,

8, 10 gives remainder 2 = 360. + 2 = 362.
(Not divisible by 13)
8th number which when divided by 3, 4, 5, 8,
10 gives remainder 2 = 960. + 2 = 962
(Divisible by 13)
Answer is 962.

Q. A father is 24 years older than his

daughter and at present the age of the father
is four times the age of the daughter. what is
the present age of the daughter?
Present age of father as F
Present age of daughter as D
F = D + 24 → (1)
F = 4D → (2)
Sub F = 4D in equation (1)
4D = D + 24
3D = 24
D= 8 years

Present age of father is F

Present age of daughter is D.
F = D + 24 → (1)
F = 4D → (2)
Substitute F = 4D in equation (1)
4D = D + 24
4D – D = 24
3D = 24
D = 24 / 3 = 8 Years

The product of a real number and its square

is 1728.what is the number?
x * x2 = 1728
x3 = 1728
123 = 1728.
Number is 1728.

A set of mugs consists of 5 plastic mugs, each

of a different design and 2 glass mugs each of
a different design in how many ways can
these 7 mugs be arranged in a row if the
glass mugs are separated from each other?
a.5040 b.3600 c.1440
d.4320

5 different Plastic mugs, 2 different glass

mugs
In how many ways can these 7 mugs be
arranged so that glass mugs are not together.

Total number of ways in which 7 mugs can

be arranged. → 7! ways
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
G1 G2
Number of ways of arranging these 7 mugs
so that glass mugs are always together.
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
G1 G2
P1 G1 G2 P2 P5 P3
G1 G2
G1 G2

G2 G1
6! * 2

ways can these 7 mugs be arranged so that

glass mugs are not together. + ways of
arranging these 7 mugs so that glass mugs
are always together. = Total number of ways
in which 7 mugs can be arranged
= 7! –
6! * 2
= 6! * 7
– 6! * 2
= 6! (7
– 2)
 = 6! * 5
= 720 *
5
= 7200
/ 2 = 3600.

In total 7 Mugs → 5 different plastic mugs +

2 different glass mugs
In how many ways can we arrange these 7
mugs so that the 2 glass mugs are not
together?
P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, G1, G2
In total these 7 different mugs can be
arranged in 7! ways.

The number of ways in which 2 glass mugs

are always together.
P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, G1, G2
7 Plastic mugs and 2 glass mugs which are
taken as 1 entity can arranged in 6! ways.
Because G1 & G2 can swap places total
number of ways = 6! * 2 .

Number of ways in which 2 glass mugs are

together + Number of ways in which 2 glass
mugs are not together = Total

Number of ways in which 2 glass mugs are

not together = 7! – 6! * 2 → 6! * 7 – 6! * 2
= 6! (7 – 2) = 6! (5) =720 * 5 = 3600.

P1, P4, P5, G1, G2, P3, P2

P1, G1, G2, P4, P5, P3, P2
P1, P4, P5, P3, P2, G1, G2,

There are 7 Men & 7 women in how many

ways can I arrange these 14 people so that all
7 women are not together
Total no of ways of arranging all 14 people (
7 Men + 7 Women) is 14!
Number of ways in which all 7 women are
together
M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, F1, F2, F3,
F4, F5, F6, F7
8! * 7!

Number of ways in which all 7 women are

together + Number of ways in which all 7
women are not together = Total number of
ways .

Number of ways in which all 7 women are

not together = Total - Number of ways in
which all 7 women are together

Number of ways in which all 7 women are

not together = 14! - 8! * 7!
A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
Number of ways of getting a number greater
than 4 = 2 → {5, 6}
Number of ways of getting a number not
greater than 4 = 4 → {1, 2, 3, 4}

Number of ways of getting a number greater

than 4 + Number of ways of getting a
number not greater than 4 = Total no of
ways

Q. I asked my daughter how many students

are there in her class . She said it is equal to
the sum of the 3 consecutive natural
numbers, moreover it is also equal to the
sum of the two natural numbers following
those 3 consecutive natural numbers . What
is the answer to my question?

Assume those 3 consecutive Natural

Numbers as x, x + 1, x + 2. → 4, 5, 6
2 Numbers following this would be x + 3, x +
4 → 7, 8
x+x+1+x+2=x+3+x+4
3x + 3 = 2x + 7
3x – 2x = 7 – 3
x=4
Answer is 15.

Let’s assume 3 consecutive natural numbers

as x, x + 1, x + 2.
2 natural numbers following these 3 natural
numbers will be x + 3, x + 4

Sum of 3 consecutive Natural Numbers =

Sum of 2 natural numbers following 3
consecutive numbers
x+x+1+x+2=x+3+x+4
3x + 3 = 2x + 7
3x – 2x = 7 – 3
x = 4.
Let’s assume 3 consecutive natural numbers
as x, x + 1, x + 2. →4, 5, 6 = 4 + 5 + 6 = 15
2 natural numbers following these 3 natural
numbers will be → 7, 8. 7 + 8 = 15
Answer is 15.
Q. The sum of 10 numbers is zero. at most
,how many of them can be positive?
4 + 3 + 6 + 5 + 4 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 3 – (49) = 0.
At most 9 of them can be positive

4 + 5 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 15 + 23 + 65 + 88 – 214 = 0.
4 + 5 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 15 + 23 + 65 + 88 = 214
Maximum 9 numbers can be positive

Q. X goes to the office by driving at 5/7

times of his usual speed . If he normally
takes half an hour to reach his office, by
how many minutes will he be late?
a. 12 mins b. 10.5 mins c. 13.5
mins d. 8 mins
Efficiency & Time are inversely proportional
Speed & Time are inversely proportional

usual Speed as S
Usual Time is T ( 30 minutes)

Speed becomes 5S / 7 → Time becomes 7T /

5

S → T (30 mins)
(5/7) * S (Reduced) → (7/5) T (increase)

Normal Time is 30 mins

Increased Time (Because of slow Speed) =
7T / 5 → 7 (30) / 5 = 210 / 5 = 42 mins
Shortcut Method:
Normal Speed = S; Normal Time =T (30
minutes)
Decrease in Speed = (5/7) S; Time = (7/
5)T
Increased Time – Normal Time =
Minutes he is late
7T / 5 - T =
7 (30 mins) / 5 - (30 minutes) =
42 minutes – 30 minutes = 12
minutes

Q. A sum invested at simple interest

increased to Rs 18375 and Rs.20125 in 5 & 7
years, respectively .what was the interest (in
Rs) earned in 1 year?
a.976 b.875 c.925
d.950
SI every year is the same.

Amount @ the end of 5 Years = Rs 18375

Amount @ the end of 7 years = Rs 20125

SI for 2 Years = 20 125 – 18 375 = 1 750.

SI for 1 Year = 1 750 / 2 = 875.

Square root of 11 06 704 is 1052.

Q. A sum of Rs. 10 00 000 was investing in a
scheme where it got compounded annually
and the sum increased to Rs. 11 06 704 in 2
years. What was the rate of interest?
a.4.4%
b. 4.8%
c. 5.2%
d. 5.4%

CI
A = P [ 1 + R / 100]n
11 06 704 = 10 00 000 [ 1 + R / 100]2
Take Square root
1052 = 1000 [ 1 + R / 100]
1052 = 1000 [ (100 + R) / 100]
1052 / 10 = 100 + R
105.2 = 100 + R
105.2 – 100 = R
5.2% =R
Amount after 3 years (CI) = Principal
increased by R% 3 times.

Amount after 2 Years (CI) = Principal

increased by R% 2 times
11 06 704 = 10 00 000 * ((100 + R) / 100) *
((100 + R) / 100)
11 06 704 = 10 00 000 * ((100 + R) / 100)2
5.2% = R

Example Problem:
Principal = Rs 1000
R% = 20% p. a, compounded Annually
Amount after 2 Years (n)?
Rs 1000 increase it by R% for ‘n’ times.
Increase N by R% → N * [(100 + R ) / 100]
Rs 1000 increase it by 20% for ‘2’ times.
1000 * [(100 + 20) / 100] * [(100 + 20) / 100]
1000 * [120/ 100] * [120/ 100]
1000 * [6 / 5] * [6 / 5]
1000 * [36/ 25]
Rs 1440.

P = Rs 100; R% = 30%; N = 3 Years

Amount after 3 years in CI = 100 * 130/100 *
130/ 100 * 130 / 100 = 219.70

Increase Principal by R% I will get amount

after 1 year.
Increase Amount after 1 year by R% I will
get amount after 2 years.
Increase Amount after 2 years by R% I will
get amount after 3 years.
Q. I was supposed to completed a task in 12
h, but i took more time and the error was
6.25 %. How much time did i take to
complete the task?
a. 12 h 45 min.
b. 12h 20 min.
c. 12 h 15 min.
d. 12 h 30 min.

12 hrs 100%
x hrs 106.25%
106.25 * 12 = 100x
x = 12.75 hrs
12 hrs .75 * 60 mins
12 hrs 45 mins
HE has taken 6.25% more than the normal
time.
12 hrs which is 100%
x hrs is 106.25%

106.25 * 12 / 100 = 12.75 hrs

12 hrs .75 * 60 mins
12 hrs 45 mins

Q. A group of women can finish a piece of

work in 50 days. In how many days will
1/3rd the number of women be able to finish
2/ 3rd of the work?
a. 150 days b. 75 days c. 50 days
d. 100 days
(M1 * D1) / W1 = (M2 * D2) /
W2
M → Person or animal or thing doing the
work (Women)
D → Days
W → Work that is done
Case 1 → W (number of women) ; 50 days
(Number of days); 1 (total Work)
Case 2: → W / 3 (number of women) ; x days
(number of days) ; 2/3 (Work)
[(W * 50) / 1] = [((W / 3) * x) / (2/ 3)]

[(W * 50) / 1] = [((W / 3) * x) / (2/ 3)]

100 / 3 = x / 3
100 = x
Rate Of Interest for Principal its SI
Rate Of Interest for Amount its CI

Q. Lohit invested a sum of money for 290

years at x% rate of interest per annum at
simple interest and obtained the sum after
20 years, the value of x is?
a. 6 b. 5 c. 8 d. 10

Principal = 20 Years Interest

1 year Interest = x% of P
20 year Interest = 20 * (x% of P) = P

P = Rs 1000; R % = 15% p. a
Principal is constant throughout the
transaction
Amount is not constant throughout the
transaction
SI for 1st year = 15% of 1000 = Rs 150.
SI for 2nd year = 15% of 1000 = Rs 150
Si for 3rd year = 15% of 1000 = Rs 150

Example:
Lohit invests Rs p for 290 years @ x% p. a SI.
He gets Rs p as interest after 20 Years

R% of Principal is Simple interest every

year.

x % of p is interest every year.

(x% of p) * 20 is interest for 20 years.
(x% of p) * 20 = p
((x/ 100) * p) * 20 = p
x/ 5 = 1
x = 5%

Q. A box contains 3 orange flavoure, 5

lemon flavour and 3 apple flavour candies. If
3 candies are taken from the box randomly
then what is the probability of getting all 3
apple favoured candies?

3 orange flavoured
5 lemon flavour
3 apple flavour candies
Probability = Favourable outcomes / Total
possible Outcomes.
Favourable outcomes are outcomes of
Favourable events
Favourable events are evenst for which we
are asked to find the probability.

what is the probability of getting all 3 apple

favoured candies?
Getting all 3 apple flavoured candies is the
favourable event.
Total possible outcomes = 11C3
Favourable Outcome = 3C3
probability = 3C3 / 11C3 = 1 / (11 * 10 * 9) / (1
* 2 * 3) = 1 / 165.
Favourable event is the event for which we
are finding the probability.
Favourable event is getting all 3 Apple
flavoured candies.

Total possible outcome = 11C3.

favourable outcomes = 3C3
Probability = Favourable outcomes / Total
possible Outcomes.
= 3C3 / 15C3
= 1 / (11 * 10 * 9) / (1 * 2 * 3)
= 1 / (15 * 11)
= 1 / (15 * (10 + 1)
= 1 / 165.

1! = 1
2! = 2
3! = 6
4! = 24
5! = 120
6! = 720
7! = 5040
8!= 5040 * 8
Q. Find the number of different ways in
which the 8 letters of the word STACCATO
can be arranged in a sequence if the first
letter is O?

STACCATO
O __ __ __ __ __ __ __
Only the remaining 7 letters permutate.
2 T’s, 2 A’s 2C’s, 1 S

n different letters can permutate in n! ways

7 letters can permutate in 7! ways but
because of 3 letters repeating twice
Number ways in which STACCATO is
permutated where first letter is fixed = 7! /
(2! * 2! * 2!)

= 5040 / 8 = 630.

When they say first letter is O, they mean

that the first letter is fixed.
O__ __ __ __ __ __ __
T, A, C, C, A, T, S
7 distinct (Different) Letters can be arranged
in 7! ways
When letters are identical or repeating then
A – Repeating 9 times
C – Repeating 5 times
T – Repeating 2 times
These letters can be arranged in 7! / (2! * 2! *
2!) = 5040 / (2 * 2 * 2) = 630 Ways

Q. What is the average of the all the natural

number from 31 to 50 , both inclusive?
a. 38
b. 39.5
c. 40
d. 40.5

Average = Centre
10, 20, 30 = (10 + 20 + 30) / 3 = 20.
10 20 30 40 = (10 + 20 + 30 + 40) / 4 = 25
31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42,
43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50.
Average = Sum / Number = n / 2 [a + l] / 20
= 20 / 2 [ 31 + 50] /
20
= 810 / 20
= 40.5

2nd Method:
Average = Centre
When a Series is in AP, Average is the
central Value.
31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42,
43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50.
40 is not the centre
31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42,
43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50.
41 is not the centre
A central value must have equal number of
entities on both sides.
31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42,
43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50.
9 entries
9 entries
Centre of 40 & 41 = (40 + 41) / 2 = 40.5

3rd Method:
Average in an AP = [First Value + Last
Value] / 2 = [31 + 50] / 2 = 40.5

Q. In case after transaction there was a loss

of 18.75% what was the ratio of the cost
price to the selling price?
a. 4:3
b. 8:5
c. 16:13
d. 32:25

Assume CP as Rs 100
Because there is a loss of 18.75%
SP = 100 * [81.25/ 100] = Rs 81.25
CP / SP = 100 / 81.25
CP / SP = 400 / 325
= 16 /13

We have to find CP / SP

CP decreased by L% is SP
CP increased by P% is SP
Increase a number ‘N’ by R% = N * [(100 +
R) / 100]
Decrease a number ‘N’ by R% = N * [(100 -
R) / 100]

CP decreased by 18.75% is SP
CP * [(100 – 18.75) / 100 = SP
CP * [81.25 / 100] = SP
CP / SP = 100 / 81.25
CP / SP = 400 / 325
CP / SP = 16 / 13.

Q. For a group of 8 students ,the scores

obtained in an English test recorded , each
score being a 2-digit number. By mistake ,
for one student , the 2 digits of the correct
score were interchanged and this incorrect
score was recorded . The average score was
then found to be 38.50 when this mistake
was found ,the incorrect score was replaced
by the correct score , and the average score
came to be 45.25 . A possible value for this
score is ?
a. 82 b. 72 c. 81
d. 76
82 72 81
76
28 27 18
67

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
xy xy xy xy xy xy xy xy
yx
Average of 8 students scores when we have
an incorrect score or digits interchanged
score = 38.50
Sum of 8 students score when we had an
incorrect score = 8 * 38.50 = 308

Average of 8 students scores when we have

the correct score = 45.25
Sum of 8 students score when we had
correct score = 8 * 45.25 = 362

Sum of 8 students score when we had an

incorrect score = 8 * 38.50 = 308
Sum of 8 students score when we had
correct score = 8 * 45.25 = 362

Correct Score is greater than the Incorrect

score by 362 – 308 = 54.
Sum of scores including wrong score 8 *
38.50 = 308.
Sum of scores including right score 8 * 45.25
= 362.

Right score will be greater than wrong score

by how much? 362 – 308 = 54 marks
Right Score – Wrong Score = 54
a. 82 – 28 = 54
b. 72 – 27 = 45
c. 81 – 18 = 63
d. 76 – 67 = 9
 A B C D
E F G H
xy xy xy xy
xy xy xy xy
yx

Average with Wrong Score is 38.50

Average with Right Score is 45.25

Sum of scores including wrong score 8 *

38.50 = 308.
Sum of scores including right score 8 * 45.25
= 362.

A=P+I
P = Rs 1000 R% = 10% p. a
SI (R% of Principal)
CI (R% of Amount)
@ 0 years P = A
@ 0 years P = A

SI for 1st 1 year = 10% of 1000 (P)

CI for 1st 1 year = 10% of 1000 (A)

= Rs 100
= Rs 100
A = 1000 + 100 = 1100

A = 1000 + 100 = 1100

@ 1 year

@ 1 year
 SI for 2nd 1 year = 10% of 1000 (P)
CI for 2nd 1 year = 10% of 1100 (A)
= Rs 100
= Rs 110

A = 1100 + 100 = 1200

A = 1100 + 110 = Rs 1210.

Distribution
1. In how many ways can 5 different balls be
distributed in to 3 different boxes?
3 ways * 3 ways * 3 ways * 3 ways
* 3 ways
B1 B2 B3 B4
B5
BOX 1 BOX 2 BOX3
 0 B2 B4
B3 B1
B5
Answer is 35 = 243 ways

2. In how many ways can 5 identical balls

be distributed in to 3 different boxes?

n + r – 1Cr – 1 → 5 + 3 – 1 C3
– 1 = 7C2 = (7 * 6) / (1 * 2) = 21

ways
n = 5; r = 3

B B B B
B
BOX 1 BOX 2
BOX3
 BB/BB/B
BBB/B/B
BB/B/BB
B/BBBB/
How many possibilities = I am actually
permuting 5B’s & 2 /’s
7! / (5! * 2!) = 5040 / 240 =
21ways

n + r – 1Cr – 1
Q. In a birthday party , there are 20 identical
slices of cake that have to be distributed
among four children .if every children is to
get at least 2 slices ,then in how many ways
can these distribution be done?
C C C C C C
………… 20 identical cakes
Child 1 Child 2 Child 3
Child 4
C C C
C
C C C
C
12 identical cakes will remain if I made sure
that each of the 4 children have at least 2
cakes.
Number of ways in which 12 identical cakes
can be distributed to 4 children

n + r – 1Cr – 1 = 12 + 4 – 1 C4 – 1
= 15C3 = 15 * 14 * 13 / (1 * 2 *
3)
= 35 * 13 = 455.

In a birthday party , there are 20 different

slices of cake that have to be distributed
among four children .if every children is to
get at least 2 slices ,then in how many ways
can these distribution be done?
Child 1 Child 2 Child
3 Child 4
C C C
C
 C C C
C
12 Different slices distributed between 4
Children
4 * 4 * 4 * 4 * 4 * 4 * 4 ..
12 times

(4)12

Distribution
In how many ways can 5 different balls be
distributed to 3 different boxes?
3 ways 3 ways 3 ways 3 ways
3 ways
B1 B2 B3 B4
B5
 BOX 1 BOX 2 BOX 3

Number of ways in which 5 different balls

can be distributed in 3 different boxes is
3 * 3 * 3 * 3 * 3 = 243 ways

In how many ways can 5 identical balls be

distributed to 3 different boxes?
5 + 3 – 1 C3 – 1 =
7C2 = 7 * 6 / 1 * 2 = 21 ways
B B B B
B
BOX 1 BOX 2 BOX 3

BBB/BB/
B/BBB/B
 B//BBBB
//BBBBB
7! / (5! * 2!) = 5040 / 240 = 21

Alternatively use the below formula

n + r – 1 Cr – 1 = 5 + 3 -1 C3 – 1 =
7C2 = (7 * 6) / (1 * 2) = 21 ways
Q. In a birthday party , there are 20 identical
slices of cake that have to be distributed
among four children .if every children is to
get atleast 2 slices ,then in how many ways
can these distribution be done?

C C C C C………… 20 Cakes.
1 2 3 4
C, C C, C C, C C,C
12 Remaining identical cakes can be
distributed to the 4 Children.

n + r – 1 Cr – 1 = 12 + 4 – 1 C4 –
1 = 15C3 = (15 * 14 * 13) / (1 * 2

* 3)

= 455.

Q. In how many ways can we give change

for Rs 100 using 1 rupee and 2-rupee coins?
For example for 5 Rs we can give three ways
(1,1,1,1,1) (1,1,1,2) )(1,2,2)

1, 1, 1, 1, 1
1, 1, 1, 2
1, 2, 2

1, 1, 1, 1……………….. (100, 1 rupee coins)

1
1, 1, 1, 1……………..
…………………………..(98 , 1 rupee coins),
2.
1, 1, 1, 1……………..
…………………………..(96 , 1 rupee coins),
2, 2.
1, 1, 1, 1……………..
…………………………..(94 , 1 rupee coins),
2, 2, 2.
1, 1, 1, 1……………..
…………………………..(92 , 1 rupee coins),
2, 2, 2, 2
….
….

50
…..
……
1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2……….(49, 2 rupee coins)
2, 2, 2, 2,………………….(50 , 2 rupee
coins)
Answer is 51 ways

Change to rupees 5 can be given in these 3

ways using 1 rupee coins & 2 rupees coins
1, 1, 1, 1, 1
1, 1, 1, 2
1, 2, 2

Change to rupees 100 can be given in these n

ways using 1 rupee coins & 2 rupees coins
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
1………………….. 100 coins.
100 1 rupee coins = Rs 100
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
1………………….. 98 coins, 1 * 2-rupee
coin.
98 1-rupee coins = Rs 98 + 1 2-rupee coin
= Rs 100.
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
1………………….. 96 coins, 2 * 2-rupee
coins.
 96 1-rupee coins = Rs 98 + 2 2- rupee coin
= Rs 100.

1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
1………………….. 94 coins, 3 * 2-rupee
coins.
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
1………………….. 92 coins, 4 * 2-rupee
coins.
….
…..
….
1, 1 , 49 * 2-rupee coins
2 1 rupee coins + 49 2-rupee coins = Rs 100
50 * 2-rupee coins
51 ways of giving change for Rs 100 using 1
rupee and 2 rupee coins.

Q. a, b, c are positive numbers such that a +

b + ab= 8, b + c + bc = 15 and c + a + ca = 35
What is the value of a + b + c + abc?
b=1
a = 7/2.
c = 7.
7/2 + 1 + 7 + 7/2 * 1 * 7
23/ 2 + 49 / 2 = 72 / 2 = 36.

a + b + ab = 8
a + b + ab + 1 = 8 + 1
a + b (1 + a) + 1 = 9
(a + 1) + b (1 + a) = 9
(a + 1) (1 + b) = 9 → (1)
b + c + bc = 15
b + c + bc + 1 = 15 + 1
b + c (1 + b) + 1 = 16
(b + 1) + c (1 + b) = 16
(b + 1) (1 + c) = 16 → (2)

c + a + ca = 35
c + a + ca + 1 = 35 + 1
c + a (1 + c) + 1 = 36
(c + 1) + a (1 + c) = 36
(c + 1) (1 + a) = 36 → (3)

multiply (1) & (2)

(a + 1) (1 + b) = 9 * (b + 1) (1 + c) = 16
(a + 1) (c + 1) (b + 1)2 = 144 → (4)

Divide 3 & 4
(b + 1)2 = 144 / 36
(b + 1)2 = 4
b+1=2
b = 2 – 1 = 1.
(a + 1) (1 + b) = 9
(a + 1) (1 + 1) = 9
a+1=9/2
a = 9/2 – 1
a = 7/2.

(c + 1) (1 + a) = 36
(c + 1) (1 + 7/2) = 36
(c + 1) = 36 * 2 / 9
c+1=8
c = 7.

a + b + ab = 8
b + c + bc = 15
c + a + ca = 35

a + b + ab + 1 = 8 + 1
a + b + ab + 1 = 9
a + b (1 + a) + 1 = 9
(a + 1) + b (a + 1) = 9
(a + 1) (1 + b) = 9 → (1)
b + c + bc + 1 = 15 + 1
b + c + bc + 1 = 16
b + c (1 + b) + 1
(b + 1) + c (1 + b) = 16
(b + 1) (1 + c) = 16 → (2)

c + a + ca = 35
c + a + ca + 1 = 35 + 1
c + a(1 + c) + 1 = 36
(c + 1) + a (c + 1) = 36
(c + 1) (1 + a) = 36 → (3)

(a + 1) (1 + b) = 9 → (1)
(b + 1) (1 + c) = 16 → (2)
(c + 1) (1 + a) = 36 → (3)

Multiply (1) & (2)

(a + 1) (b + 1)2 (c + 1) = 9 * 16
Divide by (3)
[(a + 1) (b + 1)2 (c + 1) = 9 * 16] / [(c + 1) (1 +
a) = 36]
[(a + 1) (b + 1)2 (c + 1) = 144] / [(c + 1) (1 + a)
= 36]
(b + 1)2 = 144 / 36
b+1=2
b=2–1=1
b = 1.

a + 1) (1 + b) = 9
(a + 1) (1 + 1) = 9
a+1=9/2
a = (9/2) – 1 = 7/2
a = 7/ 2.

(b + 1) (1 + c) = 16
(1 + 1) (1 + c) = 16
(1 + c) = 16 / 2
(1 + c) = 8
c=8–1=7
c= 7.

b = 1.
a = 7/ 2.
c= 7.
a + b + c + abc?
7/2 + 1 + 7 + 7/2 * 1 * 7
(7 + 2 + 14) / 2 + [49 / 2]
72 / 2 = 36.

7C2 = (7 * 6) / (1 * 2)
7C3 = (7 * 6 * 5) / (1 * 2 * 3)
8C3 = (8 * 7 * 6) / (1 * 2 * 3)
8C4 = (8 * 7 * 6 * 5) / (1 * 2 * 3 * 4)
15C4 = (15 * 14 * 13 * 12) / (1 * 2 * 3 * 4)

105C104 = 105C1 = 105.

n Cr = n C n – r
7C5 = 7 C7 – 5 = 7C2 = (7 * 6) /
(1 * 2) = 21.
7C5 = (7 * 6 * 5 * 4 * 3) / (1 * 2 *
3 * 4 * 5)

9C8 = 9C9 -8 = 9C1

11C8 = 11C11- 8 = 11C3 = (11 *
10 * 9) / (1 * 2 * 3)

Q. If 12 divides ab313ab (in decimal

notation, where a, b are digits > 0) ,the
smallest value
of a+ b is
a. 2 b. 4 c. 7 d. 6

Divisibility Rule For 12

A number divisible by 3 & 4 will be divisible
by 12
ab313ab is divisible by 3 & 4
3 → Sum of digits must be a multiple of 3.
4 → Last 2 digits of a number must be
divisible by 4.

ab313ab
ab → 12, 16, 24, 32, 36, 48, 52……. 56 64
72 76

1231312 → 1 + 2 + 3 + 1 + 3 + 1 + 2 = 13
1631316 → 1 + 6 + 3 + 1 + 3 + 1 + 6 = 21
(Multiple of 3)
a + b = 1 + 6 = 7.
2431324 → 2 + 4 + 3 + 1 + 3 + 2 + 4 = 19
Q. George’s salary is 20% more than mark’s
, Harry’s salary is 30% greater than
George’s. Tony’s salary is 40% more than
Albert’s. Albert’s salary is 20% lesser than
George’s . what is Albert’s salary as a
percentage of Tony’s salary ( to the nearest
percentage point)?
60 % 76 % 82 % 69 %
Marks’ Salary as 100.
George’s salary is 120.
Harry’s salary is 156.

Tony’s salary = A * [140 / 100] → A * (7 / 5)

George’s salary is 120.
A (Albert’s salary) → 120 * (80 / 100) = 96.
Tony’s salary = A * 140 / 100 → A * (7 / 5) =
96 * (7 / 5)
Answer is (A / T) * 100 = (96 / [96 * (7/5)] ) *
100 = 5 / 7 * 100 = 71.42 = 71%
what is Albert’s salary as a percentage of
Tony’s salary ( to the nearest percentage
point)?
Tony’s salary is 100%
Albert’s salary is x%

134.4 100%
96 x%

1. What is 45% of 95?

95 100%
x 45%
2. What is 95% of 45?
45 100%
x 95%
3. What is 150% of 450?
100% 450
150% x
4. What is 450% of 150?
100% 150
450% x

Q. Of a set of 30 numbers, the average of the

first 10 numbers is equal to the average of
the last 20 numbers. The sums of the last 20
numbers is
a. 2 X sum of last ten numbers b. Cannot
be determine with the given data
c. Sum of first ten numbers d. 2 X sum
of first ten numbers
Average of first 10 numbers = Average of last
20 numbers
Sum of first 10 numbers / 10 = Sum of last 20
numbers / 20

2 * sum of first 10 numbers =

Sum of last 20 numbers

Q. In a certain city, 60 percent of the

registered voters are Party A supporters and
the
rest are Party B supporters. In an assembly
election, if 75 percent of the registered
Party A supporters and 20 percent of the
registered Party B supporters are expected
to vote for Candidate A, what percent of the
registered voters are expected to vote
for Candidate A?
a. 53 b. 20 c. 60 d. 75
Assume Population in the city as 100
60 / 100 are Party A supporters → 75% of
these People
40 / 100 are Party B Supporters. → 20% of
these People
75% of 60 = 45 Supporters of Party A will
vote for candidate A
20% of 40 = 8 Supporters of Party B will
vote for candidate A
53 / 100 = 53% will vote for candidate A

Q. How many 6- digits even numbers can be

formed from the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 ,
so
the digit should not repeat and the second
last digit is even?
a. 720 b. 320 c. 6480 d. 2160

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

_5__ * _4___ *__3__ * __2__ *

_2 ways__ * __3 ways___

2/4 2/4/6

2 6
5 * 4 * 3 * 2 * 2 * 3 = 720.

{a, b c}
Select 2 out of 3 elements
{ab, bc, ac} → 3 ways
ab & ba are the same (Combinations)

Arrange 2 out of 3 elements

{ab, ba, bc, cb, ac, ca} → 6 ways
ab & ba are the different (permutations)

Questions where ab & ba are different are

permutation questions

Questions where ab & ba are the same are

combination questions

There are 4 ppl in a room, if everybody

shake their hands with everybody else how
many handshakes will be there?
{1, 2, 3, 4}
Handshakes = { 1, 2 1, 3 1,4 2, 3
2, 4 3,4}
1, 2 & 2, 1 is it the same handshake or
different handshake

No of handshakes = 4C2 = 6 (number of 2

people combination)
Every 2 people combination you have 1
handhsake.

There are 4 digits 1, 2, 3, 4, how many 2

digit numbers can be formed without
repetition?
12 Is 12 & 21 are different because there
is importance for arrangement
21
23
32