Flow Chart: Evaluation of wind loads

Flow Chart: Evaluation of wind loads

SF011a-EN-EU

Flow Chart: Evaluation of wind loads

This flow chart presents comprehensive procedures for determination of wind loads for a
multi-storey building in a simplified way.

Start

EN 1991-1-4
§ 4.2
European wind Calculate basic wind
map velocity vb
(National Annex) vb = cdir x cseason x vb,0

Recommended value for

cdir and cseason is 1,0

Basic
data

EN 1991-1-4
Determine peak
§ 4.5 qp(z)
velocity pressure
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EN 1991-1-4
Determine structural
§ 6.2 and 6.3 cs, cd
factor

Usually cs and cd are taken equal to 1,0

EN 1991-1-4 Determine external

cpe,i
§ 7.2.2 and 7.2.3 pressure coefficients
i = A to J
cpe,J

EN 1991-1-4 Determine internal

§ 7.2.9 pressure coefficients cpi
cpi

for multi-storey building usually cpi = 0

EN 1991-1-4 Determine wind pressure

§ 5.3 (3) we = qp(ze) x cpe [kN/m²]
wi = qp(zi) x cpi [kN/m²]
Created on Tuesday, December 04, 2007

Determine wind forces

EN 1991-1-4 ∑ w e Aref
Fwe = c s c d ×
Basic data
§ 7.5 (3)-(4) surfaces
b, h, d
Fwi = ∑ w i Aref
surfaces

Ffr = c fr q p ( ze )Afr

Stop

1
Flow Chart: Evaluation of wind loads
Flow Chart: Evaluation of wind loads
SF011a-EN-EU

Determination of peak velocity pressure

Start

Calculate h/b ratio

typical for multi-storey buildings

h > 2b

Building should be considered to be multiple parts

b < h ≤ 2b

h≤b
Building should be considered to be two parts

Building may be considered to be one part

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Determine input values

cr(z), co(z), kI, z0

EN 1991-1-4 Determine EN 1991-1-4 Determine Determine National Determine EN 1991-1-4

§ 4.3.2 roughness § 4.3.3 orography turbulence Annex roughness Table 4.1
factor cr(z) factor co(z) factor kI length z0

for buildings on hills, Recommended

else co(z) = 1,0 value kI = 1,0

cr(z), co(z),
kI, z0

Calculate mean velocity wind Calculate turbulence intensity

EN 1991-1-4 kI EN 1991-1-4
§ 4.3 eq. (4.3) lV ( z ) = § 4.4 eq. (4.7)
Created on Tuesday, December 04, 2007

v m (z ) = cr (z) × c o (z ) × v b co ( z ) × ln(z / z0 )
where z = min (z, zmin)

EN 1991-1-4 Calculate peak velocity pressure

1
§ 4.5 eq. (4.8) qp ( z ) = [1 + 7lV ( z )] × ρ × v m2 ( z )
2

Return
2
Flow Chart: Evaluation of wind loads
Flow Chart: Evaluation of wind loads
SF011a-EN-EU

Determination of external pressure coefficients

Start

Determine loaded
area A [m²]

1 < A < 10 m²
A > 10 m² 1>A
cpe,i = cpe,1 – (cpe,1 –
cpe,i = cpe,10 cpe,i = cpe,1
cpe,10) x log10 A

typical for multi-storey buildings

cpe,i

EN 1991-1-4 Calculate e/d ratio and e = min (b, 2h)

§ 7.2.2 divide walls into zones b crosswind
A,B,C,D & E dimension

e<d e≥d e ≥ 5d
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Determine recommended
EN 1991-1-4 values cpe for external
Table 7.1 pressure coefficients for
vertical walls of rectangular
plan buildings

Pressure coefficients
for roofs NOTE: If the slope of the
roof is > 5° see SF014

Divide roof into

EN 1991-1-4 e = min (b, 2h)
zones F, G, H, I
§ 7.2.3 b crosswind
valid for flat roofs
dimension
with -5° < < 5°

NOTE: Key for flat roofs

EN 1991-1-4 Determine external
Table 7.2 pressure coefficients cpe
for flatroofs
Created on Tuesday, December 04, 2007

Return

3
Flow Chart: Evaluation of wind loads

Flow Chart: Evaluation of wind loads

SF011a-EN-EU

Quality Record

RESOURCE Title Flow Chart: Evaluation of wind loads

Reference(s)
ORIGINAL DOCUMENT
Name Company Date
Created by Matthias Oppe RWTH 29/06/05
Technical content checked by Gerhard Sedlacek RWTH 13/07/05
Editorial content checked by
Technical content endorsed by the
following STEEL Partners:
1. UK G W Owens SCI 24/10/05
2. France A Bureau CTICM 18/10/05
3. Sweden A Olsson SBI 21/10/05
4. Germany C Müller RWTH 14/10/05
5. Spain J Chica Labein 19/10/05
Resource approved by Technical
This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement

G W Owens SCI 5/06/06

Coordinator
TRANSLATED DOCUMENT
This translation made and checked by:
Translated resource approved by
Created on Tuesday, December 04, 2007