Simply Supported Secondary Composite Beam

Example: Simply supported secondary composite beam (GB)
CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX014a-EN-UK Sheet 1 of 11

Title Example: Simply supported secondary composite beam
Eurocode Ref EN 1994-1-1

Made by Laurent Narboux Date Oct 2006
Checked by Charles King Date Oct 2006
Localized resource for UK
Example: Simply supported secondary

composite beam
This example deals with a simply supported secondary composite beam
under a uniformly distributed loading.
The following distributed loads are applied to the beam.
• self-weight of the beam
• concrete slab
• imposed load
This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement
The beam is a UKB profile in bending about the strong axis. This example
includes :
- the classification of the cross-section,
- the calculation of the effective width of the concrete flange,
- the calculation of shear resistance of a headed stud,
- the calculation of the degree of shear connection,
- the calculation of bending resistance,
- the calculation of shear resistance,
- the calculation of longitudinal shear resistance of the slab,
- the calculation of deflection at serviceability limit state.
This example does not include any shear buckling verification of the web.
Partial factors
• γG = 1.35 (permanent loads) EN 1990
• γQ = 1.50 (variable loads)
• γM0 = 1.0 EN 1993-1-1
§ 6.1 (1)
γM1 = 1.0
Created on Tuesday, December 04, 2007
•
EN 1994-1-1
• γV = 1.25 § 6.6.3.1
• γC = 1.5 EN 1992-1-1


Basic data
Design a composite floor beam of a multi-storey building according to the
data given below. The beam is assumed to be fully propped during
construction.
The profiled steel sheeting is transverse to the beam.
• Span length : 7.50 m

• Bay width : 3.00 m
• Slab depth : 12 cm
• Partitions : 0.75 kN/m2
• Imposed load : 2.50 kN/m2
• Reinforced Concrete density : 25 kN/m3
•
Steel grade : S355
Try UKB 254x146x37 z BS4

tf
Depth ha = 256.0 mm Corus

Advance
Width b = 146.4 mm tw
Web thickness tw = 6.3 mm y y

ha
Flange thickness tf = 10.9 mm
Fillet r = 7.6 mm
z
Mass 37.0 kg/m
b
Section area Aa = 47.2 cm2

Second moment of area /yy Iy = 5537 cm4
Elastic modulus /yy Wel,y = 432.6 cm3
Plastic modulus /yy Wpl.y = 483.2 cm3
Modulus of elasticity of steel Ea= 210000 N/mm2


Profiled steel sheeting

Thickness of sheet t = 0.75 mm
Slab depth h = 120 mm
Overall depth of the profiled steel sheeting hp = 58 mm
b1 = 62 mm b2 = 101 mm e = 207 mm
Connectors
Diameter d = 19 mm
Overall nominal height hsc = 100 mm
Ultimate tensile strength fu = 450 N/mm2
Number of shear connectors studs n = 7500 / e = 36
Number of studs per rib nr = 1
h0
h
hsc
hp
0,5hp
b1
b2
Concrete parameters : C 25/30 EN 1992-1-1

Value of the compressive strength at 28 days fck = 25 N/mm2 § 3.1.3
Secant modulus of elasticity of concrete Ecm = 31 476 N/mm2 Table 3.1
To take into account the troughs of the profiled steel sheeting, the weight of
the slab is taken as :
0.101 + 0.062
25 × 3.0 × (0.12 – 5 × × 0.058) = 7.2 kN/m
2
Self weight of the beam : (37× 9.81) × 10-3 =0.363 kN/m


Permanent load :
G = 0.363 + 7.2 + 0.75 × 3.0 = 9.81 kN/m
Variable load (Imposed load) :

Q = 2.5 × 3.0 = 7.50 kN/m
ULS Combination : EN 1990

γG G + γQ Q = 1.35 × 9.81 + 1.50 ×7.50 = 24.49 kN/m § 6.4.3.2
Moment diagram
M
172.19 kNm
Maximum moment at mid span :
My,Ed = 0.125 × 24.49 × 7.502 = 172.19 kNm
Shear force diagram

91.84 kN
Maximum shear force at supports :

Vz,Ed = 0.5 × 24.49 × 7.50 = 91.84 kN
Yield strength
Steel grade S355 EN 1993-1-1
The maximum thickness is 10.9 mm < 40 mm, so : fy = 355 N/mm2 Table 3.1
Note : The National Annex may impose either the values of fy from the
Table 3.1 or the values from the product standard.


Section classification :
235 EN 1993-1-1
The parameter ε is derived from the yield strength : ε = = 0.81
f y [N/mm2 ] Table 5.2
Note : The classification is made for the non composite beam. For the (sheet 2 of 3)
composite beam the classification is more favourable.
Outstand flange : flange under uniform compression

c = (b – tw – 2 r) / 2 = (146.4 – 6.3 – 2 × 7.6)/2 = 62.45 mm
c/tf = 62.45 / 10.9 = 5.73 ≤ 9 ε = 7.29 Class 1
Internal compression part : EN 1993-1-1

c = h – 2 tf – 2 r = 256 – 2 × 10.9 – 2 × 7.6 = 219.0 mm Table 5.2
c / tw = 219.0 / 6.3 = 34.76 < 72 ε = 58.32 (sheet 1 of 3)
Class 1
The class of the cross-section is the highest class (i.e the least favourable)
between the flange and the web, here : Class 1
So the ULS verifications should be based on the plastic resistance of the
cross-section since the Class is 1.
Effective width of concrete flange

At mid-span, the total effective width may be determined by :
beff,1 = b0 + ∑ bei EN 1994-1-1
§ 5.4.1.2
b0 is the distance between the centres of the outstand shear connectors, here
(figure 5.1)
b0 = 0 ;
bei is the value of the effective width of the concrete flange on each side of the
web and taken as bei = Le / 8 but ≤ bi = 3.0 m
beff,1 = 0 + 7.5 / 8 = 0.9375 m, then beff = 2 × 0.9375 = 1.875 m < 3.0 m
At the ends, the total effective width is determined by :

beff,0 = b0 + ∑ β ibei EN 1994-1-1
§ 5.4.1.2
With βi = (0.55 + 0.025 Le / bei) but ≤ 1.0
(figure 5.1)
= (0.55 + 0.025 × 7.5 / 0.9375) = 0.75
beff,0 = 0 + 0.75 × 7.5 / 8 = 0.703 m, then beff = 2 × 0.703 = 1.406 m < 3.0 m


Design shear resistance of a headed stud

The shear resistance should be determined by :
⎛ 0.8 f uπd 2 / 4 0.29αd 2 f ck Ecm ⎞ EN 1994-1-1
PRd = k t × Min ⎜ ; ⎟
⎜ γ γV ⎟ § 6.6.3.1
⎝ V ⎠
hsc / d = 100 / 19 = 5.26 > 4, so α = 1
Reduction factor (kt)

For sheeting with ribs transverse to the supporting beam, the reduction factor EN 1994-1-1
for shear resistance is calculated by : § 6.6.4.2
0.7 b0 ⎛⎜ hsc ⎞ Table 6.2
kt = − 1⎟ but ≤ ktmax
nr hp ⎜⎝ hp ⎟
⎠
Where : nr = 1
hp = 58 mm
b0 = 82 mm
hsc = 100 mm
0.7 82 ⎛ 100 ⎞
So, kt = × ⎜ − 1⎟ = 0.717 ≤ ktmax = 0.75
1 58 ⎝ 58 ⎠
for profiled sheeting with holes.
⎛ 0.8 × 450 × π × 19 2 / 4 0.29 × 1 × 192 25 × 31476 ⎞

PRd = 0.717 × Min ⎜⎜ ; ⎟ × 10 −3
1.25 1.25 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
= 0.717 × Min (81.66 kN ; 74.29 kN )
PRd = 53.27 kN


Degree of shear connection

The degree of shear connection is defined by :
Nc EN 1994-1-1
η=
N c,f § 6.2.1.3 (3)
Where : Nc is the design value of the compressive normal force in the
concrete flange
Nc,f is the design value of the compressive normal force in the
concrete flange with full shear connection
At mid-span :
The compressive normal force in the concrete flange represents the total
connection.
Ac is the cross-sectional area of concrete, so at mid-span Ac = beff hc
with hc = h - hp = 120 – 58 = 62 mm, Ac = 1875 × 62 = 116250 mm2

f ck 25 −3
So, N c, f = 0.85 Ac f cd = 0.85 Ac = 0.85 × 116250 × 10 = 1647 kN
γc 1.5
The resistance of the shear connectors limits the normal force to not more
than :
Nc = 0.5 n PRd = 0.5 × 36 × 53.27 = 959 kN
Nc 959
So, η= = = 0.582
N c, f 1647
The ratio η is less than 1.0 so the connection is partial.
Verification of bending resistance

Minimum degree of shear connection
The minimum degree of shear connection for a steel section with equal EN 1994-1-1
flanges is given by :
§ 6.6.1.2
⎛ 355 ⎞
η min = 1 - ⎜⎜ ⎟(0.75 - 0.03Le ) with Le ≤ 25
f ⎟
⎝ y ⎠


Le is the distance in sagging bending between points of zero bending moment

in metres, for our example : Le = 7.5 m
So, ηmin = 1 – (355 / 355) (0.75 – 0.03 × 7.50) = 0.475
Then, ηmin = 0.475 < η = 0.582 OK
Plastic Resistance Moment at mid span EN 1994-1-1

The design value of the normal force in the structural steel section is given § 6.2.1.2 and
by :
§ 6.2.1.3
Npl,a = Aa fy / γM0 = 4720 × 355 × 10 / 1.0 = 1675 kN
-3
So, Npl,a > Nc = η Nc,f = 959 kN
With the ductile shear connectors and the cross-section of the steel beam in
Class 1, the resistance moment of the critical cross-section of the beam MRd at
mid span is calculated by means of rigid-plastic theory except that a reduced
value of the compressive force in the concrete flange Nc is used in place of

the force Ncf.
Here, the plastic stress distribution is given below :
9 Nc=η Nc,f = 959 kN

-
hp 364 kN
MRd
+ hn Na = 1316 kN
The position of neutral axis is : hn = 249 mm

Then the design resistance for bending of the composite cross section is :
MRd = 298.6 kNm
So, My,Ed / MRd = 172.2 / 298.6= 0.58 < 1 OK



Shear Resistance
The shear plastic resistance depends on the shear area of the steel beam,
which is given by: EN 1993-1-1
Av,z = A – 2 b tf + (tw + 2 r) tf § 6.2.6 (3)
Av,z = 4720 – 2 × 146.4 × 10.9 + (6.3 + 2 × 7.6) × 10.9 = 1762 mm2
But not less than η hw tw
η conservatively taken equal to 1.0
η hw tw = 1.0× 234.2 ×6.3 = 1475 mm2 < 1762 mm2 OK
Shear plastic resistance

Av, z ( f y / 3 ) 1762 × (355 / 3 ) - 3 EN 1994-1-1
Vpl, z, Rd = = 10 = 361 kN
γ M0
1.0 § 6.2.2.2
Vz,Ed / Vpl,z,Rd = 91.84 / 361 = 0.254 < 1 OK
Nota that the verification to shear buckling is not required when :

hw / tw ≤ 72 ε / η EN 1993-1-1
η may be conservatively taken as 1.0 § 6.2.6 (6)
hw / tw = 234.2 / 6.3 = 31.2 < 72 × 0.81 / 1.0 = 58.3 OK
Longitudinal Shear Resistance of the Slab

The plastic longitudinal shear stresses is given by :
ΔFd EN 1992-1-1
vEd =
hf Δx § 6.2.4
Where Δx = 7.5 / 2 = 3.75 m (figure 6.7)
The value for Δx is half the distance between the section where the moment is
zero and the section where the moment is maximum and we have two areas
for the shear resistance.
ΔFd = Nc / 2 = 952/ 2 = 476 kN
hf = h - hp = 120 – 58 = 62 mm
ΔFd 476 × 103
vEd = = = 2.05 N/mm2
hf Δx 62 × 3750


To prevent crushing of the compression struts in the concrete flange, the

following condition should be satisfied :
vEd < νf cd sin θ f cosθ f with ν = 0.6[1 − f ck / 250] and θf = 45°
⎡ 25 ⎤ 25
vEd < 0.6 × ⎢1 − ⎥ × × 0.5 = 4.5 N/mm2 OK
⎣ 250 ⎦ 1.5
The following inequality should be satisfied for the transverse reinforcement :

Asf fyd / sf ≥ vEd hf / cot θf where fyd = 500 / 1.15 = 435 N/mm2
Assume the spacing of the bars sf = 250 mm and there is no contribution from
the profiled steel sheeting
2.05 × 62 × 250
Asf ≥ = 73. 05 mm2
435 × 1.0
We can take 10 mm diameter bars (78.5 mm2) at 250 mm cross-centres

extending over the effective concrete breadth.
Serviceability Limit State verification

SLS Combination EN 1990
G + Q = 9.81 + 7.50 = 17.31 kN/m § 6.5.3
5 (G + Q ) L4
Deflection due to G+Q : w =
384 E I y
Where Iy depends on the modular ratio (n) depending on the type of loading.
By simplification, we can take :
n0 = Ea / Ecm = 210 000 / 31476 = 6.67 for primary effects (Q)
So Iy = 23573 cm4 at mid span
And n = 3Ea / Ecm = 20.02 for permanent loads (G)
So Iy = 17979 cm4
5 × 7 .5 4 ⎛ 9.81 7.50 ⎞
w= ⎜ −8
+ ⎟ = 16.9 mm
384 × 210000 ⎝ 17979 × 10 23573 × 10 −8 ⎠


The deflection under (G+Q) is L/444 EN 1994-1-1

Note 1: The limits of deflection should be specified by the client. The § 7.2.1
National Annex may specify some limits. Here the result may be
considered as fully satisfactory.
Note 2 : The National Annex may specify limits concerning the frequency. of EN 1993-1-1
vibration. Here the total deflection is low and the mass fairly high
and by experience there is no problem of vibration. § 7.2.3
Example: Simply supported secondary composite beam

SX014a-EN-UK
Quality Record
RESOURCE TITLE Example: Simply supported laterally unrestrained beam
Reference SX014a-EN-GB
LOCALISED RESOURCE DOCUMENT
Name Company Date
Created by Laurent Narboux SCI Oct 2006
Technical content checked by Charles King SCI Oct 2006
Editorial content checked by D C Iles SCI 19/2/07


Simply Supported Secondary Composite Beam

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Example: Simply supported secondary composite beam (GB)

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX014a-EN-UK Sheet 1 of 11

Eurocode Ref EN 1994-1-1

Localized resource for UK

Example: Simply supported secondary

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX014a-EN-UK Sheet 2 of 11

Eurocode Ref EN 1994-1-1

• Span length : 7.50 m

Steel grade : S355

Try UKB 254x146x37 z BS4

Depth ha = 256.0 mm Corus

Web thickness tw = 6.3 mm y y

Section area Aa = 47.2 cm2

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX014a-EN-UK Sheet 3 of 11

Eurocode Ref EN 1994-1-1

Profiled steel sheeting

Concrete parameters : C 25/30 EN 1992-1-1

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX014a-EN-UK Sheet 4 of 11

Eurocode Ref EN 1994-1-1

Variable load (Imposed load) :

ULS Combination : EN 1990

My,Ed = 0.125 × 24.49 × 7.502 = 172.19 kNm

Shear force diagram

Maximum shear force at supports :

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX014a-EN-UK Sheet 5 of 11

Eurocode Ref EN 1994-1-1

Outstand flange : flange under uniform compression

Internal compression part : EN 1993-1-1

Effective width of concrete flange

At the ends, the total effective width is determined by :

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX014a-EN-UK Sheet 6 of 11

Eurocode Ref EN 1994-1-1

Design shear resistance of a headed stud

Reduction factor (kt)

⎛ 0.8 × 450 × π × 19 2 / 4 0.29 × 1 × 192 25 × 31476 ⎞

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX014a-EN-UK Sheet 7 of 11

Eurocode Ref EN 1994-1-1

Degree of shear connection

with hc = h - hp = 120 – 58 = 62 mm, Ac = 1875 × 62 = 116250 mm2

The ratio η is less than 1.0 so the connection is partial.

Verification of bending resistance

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX014a-EN-UK Sheet 8 of 11

Eurocode Ref EN 1994-1-1

Le is the distance in sagging bending between points of zero bending moment

Plastic Resistance Moment at mid span EN 1994-1-1

So, Npl,a > Nc = η Nc,f = 959 kN

value of the compressive force in the concrete flange Nc is used in place of

9 Nc=η Nc,f = 959 kN

The position of neutral axis is : hn = 249 mm

So, My,Ed / MRd = 172.2 / 298.6= 0.58 < 1 OK

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX014a-EN-UK Sheet 9 of 11

Eurocode Ref EN 1994-1-1

Shear plastic resistance

Vz,Ed / Vpl,z,Rd = 91.84 / 361 = 0.254 < 1 OK

Nota that the verification to shear buckling is not required when :

Longitudinal Shear Resistance of the Slab

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX014a-EN-UK Sheet 10 of 11

Eurocode Ref EN 1994-1-1

To prevent crushing of the compression struts in the concrete flange, the

The following inequality should be satisfied for the transverse reinforcement :

We can take 10 mm diameter bars (78.5 mm2) at 250 mm cross-centres

Serviceability Limit State verification

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX014a-EN-UK Sheet 11 of 11