Professional Documents
Culture Documents
re s o u r c e s
Material and labour
requirement for Materials Unit Quantity
construction of
e
funicular roof Waste s tone pieces Quintal 3
of size 10’ x 12’ Bricks No. 300
Technolog
Number of Cement Bags 11
Funicular Sand Cft 31
Shells Aggregate 10/20mm Cft 50
in
Roof: 4 16mm reinf. Steel Kg 34
12mm reinf. s teel Kg 13
10mm reinf. Steel Kg 33
6mm G.I wire Kg 22 Funicular
Labour
y
Mason Man days 4 Shell Roof
Labour Man days 12
Bar benders Man days
2 conce p t
A Funicular Shell is a 3 dimensional catenary on a rectilinear base. The roofing
ap p li c a ti o n system consists of doubly curved shells made with materials of good
compressive strength such as waste stone pieces and brick tiles and supported
on reinforced
concrete edge beams. A series of these shells in variable geometric
configurations supported on a grid of concrete beams, identical to a coffer slab,
provides an attractive roof for small to medium spans.
Beam type A
m
ty
The roof has been divided pe walls since the load distribution is uniform because of arch action of the shell
B
into smaller spans with a Design of the funicular roof can be very well adapted to seismic design requirements
grid of beams (as shown in Beam type D 21’6”
Finishes like plaster and paint for the roof are not needed
the sketch). 3 shapes of
B e a m t yp e C
funicular shells have been 4’2”
Being a labour intensive technology, leads to employment generation and integrates craftsmanship
used in the roof Simple technology which can easily be adapted by semi-skilled labour with minimum supervision
Plan of the training hall, Beam type B The funicular roof is aesthetically much better than other roofs – various artistic patterns can be
indicating the grid made using brick and stone
of 4’
Edge Beams s p e ci fi c a ti o n s
21’ 6” Funicular Shell Profile : Doubly curved
For any desired plan shape & rise o f shell, ordinates on
various points can be calculated using formulae as per
IS 6332
5 No 12 mm 2 No 10 mm Clear span : 3’ t o 9’
Cross sections of This defines a range o f span f o r normal applications.
2 No 16 mm
Edge Bigger spans upto 40’ are also possible, subject t o
s t r uc t ur a l design
Beams Type A Type C
Shape : A variety o f shapes are possible-square, rectangular,
5 No 10 mm 3 No 16 mm
t r iangular t o suit the dimensions o f the f l o o r /
3 No 16 mm 4 No 16 mm Rise at centre roof
Triangulated
stiffeners to be : One sixth o f the clear
provided on Type B Type D span 6” t o 18” ( f o r 3’-9’
all Shell material
spans)
4 faces of the (for a masonry
beam shell) : Broken stone pieces o f 1”-2” thickness
Brick tiles (1.5”-2”) o f at least 50 kg/
Brick 3” thick Reinfo rcement
cm2 compressive strength
1.5” Thick cement Topping
concrete 1:2:4 : No reinforcement is needed in a
mortar masonry funicular shell
Edge Beam Reinforcement: A pre-welded beam wit h triangulated stiffeners on a l l
Section of : sides
Rich w it h 6 mm bars
cement-sand (as shown
mortar o f 1:2 in the figure).The beam is
Funicular (cast as
Pointing done in lime t o over
ratio be designed as per
the masonry span
shell
Shell surkhi mortar a
Steel beam Cross section : 9” x 9” (for a 9” thick masonry) can be commonly used
9’’x9’’ (1:3:8) grid of
Level to which beams)
beams are partially cast
Concrete : M 20 in-situ concrete f o r the beam as well as in the
before laying the mix valley between adjacent shells
funicular shell
cons tructi o n