THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING

METAPARADIGM of FAYE GLENN ABDELLAH, JEAN WATSON, DOROTHEA OREM

 PERSON HEALTH ENVIRONMENT NURSING

Faye glenn abdellah Abdellah describes In Patient –Centered

PATIENTS as having Approaches to Nursing, The environment is the
physical, emotional, Abdellah describes home or community Nursing is a helping
and sociological needs. health as a state from which patient profession. 
These needs may mutually exclusive of comes
overt, consisting of illness  nursing care is doing
largely physical needs, something to or for the
or covert, such as person or providing
emotional and social information to the
needs. person with the goals of
• PEOPLE is described meeting needs,
as the only justification increasing or restoring
for the existence of self-help ability, or
nursing. •Individuals alleviating impairment.
(and families) are the
recipients of nursing. Nursing problem
presented by a client is
a condition faced by the
client or client’s family
that the nurse through
the performance of
professional functions
can assist them to
meet. The problem can
be either an overt or
covert nursing problem.
•An overt nursing
problem is an apparent
condition faced by the
patient or family, which
the nurse can assist
him or them to meet
through the
performance of her
professional functions.
• The covert nursing
problem is a concealed
or hidden condition
faced, by the patient or
family, which the nurse
can assist him or them
FAYE GLENN ABDELLAH
- Faye Glenn Abdellah is recognized as a leader in the development of nursing research and nursing as a profession within the U.S. Public
Health Service (PHS) and as an international expert on health problems. She was named a “living legend” by the American Academy of
Nursing in 1994
- She formulated 21 nursing problems based on a review of nursing research studies
- She used Henderson’s 14 basic human needs (see Box 2.1) and nursing research to establish the classification of nursing problems

BASIC TO ALL PATIENTS

1. to maintain good hygiene and physical comfort
It is therefore important to clean them properly. Physical comfort through proper positioning in bed
2. Promote optimal activity, including exercise, rest and sleep;
As a nurse, make sure the patients are able to rest and sleep well by providing a conducive environment for rest, such as decreasing environmental
noise and dimming the light if necessary
3. promote safety through the prevention of accidents, injury or other trauma and through the prevention of the spread of infection;
– Making sure the side rails are always up when leaving the patient . one way we prevent the spread of infection is through proper disinfection of
the equipments .
4. maintain good body mechanics and prevent or correct deformity
Positioning the patient properly, allowing for the normal anatomical position of body parts.

SUSTENAL CARE NEEDS

5. Sustenal care needs to facilitate the maintenance of a supply of oxygen to all body cells;
6. facilitate the maintenance of nutrition of all body cells;
7.facilitate the maintenance of elimination;
8. facilitate the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance;
9. To recognize the physiological responses of the body to disease conditions—pathological, physiological, and compensatory
10. To facilitate the maintenance of regulatory mechanisms and functions
11. To facilitate the maintenance of sensory function

Remedial Care Needs

12 Remedial care needs to identify and accept positive and negative expressions, feelings, and reactions;

13.Identify and accept the interrelatedness of emotions and organic illness;

14. facilitate the maintenance of effective verbal and non-verbal communication;

15. promote the development of productive interpersonal relationships;

16. facilitate progress toward achievement of personal spiritual goals;

17 create and maintain a therapeutic environment;

18 facilitate awareness of the self as an individual with varying physical, emotional, and developmental needs.

Restorative Care Needs

19.the acceptance of the optimum possible goals in light of limitations, both physical and emotional;

20. the use of community resources as an aid to resolve problems that arise from illness;

21. the understanding of the role of social problems as influential factors in the case of illness
Abdellah’s work, based on the problem-solving method, serves as a vehicle for delineating nursing (patient) problems
as the patient moves toward a healthy outcome. The theory identifies ten steps to identify the patient’s problem and 11
nursing skills to develop a treatment typology.