Assignment 2

1. Suppose you roll a pair of dice. Let A be the event that you roll an even number. Let B be
the event that you roll a number greater than seven. What is the intersection of events A B?

a.) [8,10,12]
b.) [7,8,9,10,11,12]
c.) [2,4,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]
d.) [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12] Ans : a
Explanation : Event A : Event B
2,4 Sum = 6 2,6 Sum = 8
2,6 Sum = 8 6,2 Sum = 8
4,2 Sum = 6 6,6 Sum = 12
4,6 Sum = 10 6,3 Sum = 9
4,4 Sum = 8 3,6 Sum = 9
6,6 Sum = 12 4,6 Sum = 10
6,4 Sum = 10
6,5 Sum = 11
5, 6 Sum = 11
Common sums between A and B are 8, 10 and 12 , so answer is (a)

2. Suppose you roll a pair of dice. Let A be the event that you roll an even number. Let B be
the event that you roll an odd number. Which of the following statements is true?

a.) The events A and B are not mutually exclusive.

b.) The intersection of A and B is the empty set.
c.) The events A and B are not collectively exhaustive.
d.) The complement of event B is the set [1,3,5,7,9,11]. Ans : b

3. Suppose you are told that the mean sample of numbers is below the median. This
information suggests which of the following?

a.) The distribution is symmetric.

b.) The distribution is skewed to the right.
c.) The distribution is skewed to the left.
d.) There is insufficient information to determine the shape of the distribution.

Ans : b This is a negatively skewed data because mean < median < mode.

If Mean > median > mode, then the data is positively skewed and it is skewed to the left.

4. Intersection of events A and B. means

a.) The set of all basic outcomes contained within both A and B.
b.) The set of all basic outcomes in either A or B, or both.
c.) The set of all possible outcomes.
d.) The set of all basic outcomes contained in the sample space.
Ans : a

5. Union of events A and B. means

a.) The set of all basic outcomes contained within both A and B.
b.) The set of all basic outcomes in either A or B, or both.
c.) The set of all possible outcomes.
d.) The set of all basic outcomes contained in the sample space. .Ans : b

Q6. A student complied data on the number of internet usage hours for his fellow students. A
random sample of 200 students was considered and the mean internet usage was 40 hours,
median= 25 hours, coefficient of skewness 0.88 and kurtosis of 1.85.
Based on the data given above the interpret the distribution of internet usage by students.

Ans : n = 200, mean = 40 hours, median = 25 hours,

Since mean > median, the data has positive skewness.
Coefficient of skewness = Skewness / Std deviation
Skewness = Mean – mode = mean – ( 3 median – 2 mean) = 3 ( mean – median)
3 (mean – median) / Std deviation = 0.88
3 ( 40 – 25) / σ = 0.88 So σ = 3( 15 ) / 0.88 = 45/0.88 = 51.136
Coefficient of variation = σ / mean x 100 = 51.136/ 40 x 100 = 127.84 %
Th internet usage distribution by students is positively skewed .
Since the coefficient of kurtosis is 1.85 which is less than 3, it is less peaked than the normal
curve and is called as a platykurtic curve.
If coefficient of kurtosis = 3, it is a normal curve called as mesokurtic curve.
If coefficient of skewness > 3, the curve is more peaked than the normal curve and is called
as a leptokurtic curve.
If coefficient of skewness < 3, the curve is less peaked than the normal curve and is called as
a platykurtic curve.

Q7. Indicate the type of pictoral diagram that you would consider to be most appropriate for
the following situations.
a) To depict the height of employees in a company.
b) To depict the number of persons who belong to different religion in a company
c) To understand how the company is performing with respect to profits over the
different years.
d) The percentage of expenditure a family incurs on five major aspects like food,
clothing, rent, travel and entertainment.
e) To understand the number of SMS messages sent by an individual during the course
of a month.
Ans: (a) Histogram or frequency polygon
(b) Bar chart

(c) Line graph

(d) Pie chart

(e) Bar chart

Q8. The following are the amount of time spent on the internet ( minutes per day) collected
from a sample of 15 employees of an organization.
45 56 63 27 43
65 120 70 73 85
86 95 100 110 85
 Find the following :
a) The average time spent on the internet.
b) The standard deviation of the time spent on the internet

9. A teacher of Statistics in the first day of the class mentions the following
“ The syllabus for this subject called Statistics, has 40 hours and consists of both
descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Out of these 40 hours we shall be spending 15
hours on descriptive statistics and probability and the rest 25 hours we shall spend discussing
inferential statistics.”
From the data given by the teacher of the course what do you infer about the nature of the
subject.

Type No of hours
Descriptive statistics and Probability 15
Inferential statistics 25
Total 40
This is a qualitative series.
Q.10. Calculate Arithmetic mean and standard deviation and coefficient of variation of the
following distribution:
Class Interval Freque
ncy
2000 – 3000 12
3000 – 4000 25
4000 - 5000 37
5000 – 6000 18
6000 – 7000 8
Total 100

11 (a) What are three approaches to probability? Explain with examples.

Solution: Page No. 63 of AIMA book, Definition of Probability (Modern Approach)
Let S be ……. till event of a sample space. ( full paragraph)
Write the 3 axioms Axiom I, Axiom 2, Axiom 3

12. What are the measures of central tendency and dispersion? Which one is the best
measure between them and why?

Solution: The measures of central tendency are arithmetic mean, median, mode, deciles,
quartiles, percentiles , weighted mean, geometric mean and harmonic mean. Among them,
arithmetic mean is the best measure because it is very well defined, does not change with the
order of the values and can be used to combine the means of 2 or more data.

The measures of dispersion are range, mean deviation, standard deviation, coefficient of
variation, quartile deviation. Among them, coefficient of variation is the best measure
because it uses standard deviation ( which is based on mean) relative to the mean, expressed
as a percentage and does not ignore the sign of the differences of each value from the mean
value.

13. The following is the sample of duration of 10 randomly selected calls made by a person.
Find the mean, median and standard deviation.
Duration of calls (in minutes): 3.2 2.8 2.7 4.2 1.7 2.2 2.6 4.1 3.6 3.8