1.

Entry barrier

is an economics and business term describing factors that can prevent or impede newcomers into
a market or industry sector, and so limit competition. These can include high start-up costs,
regulatory hurdles, or other obstacles that prevent new competitors from easily entering a business
sector.

 Barriers to entry describes the high start-up costs or other obstacles that prevent new
competitors from easily entering an industry or area of business.
 Barriers to entry benefit incumbent firms because they protect their revenues and profits
and prevent others from stealing market share.
 Barriers to entry may be caused naturally, by government intervention, or through pressure
from existing firms.
 Each industry has its own specific set of barriers to entry that startups must contend with.

https://www.einnews.com/pr_news/549801391/retail-cloud-market-size-strategic-outlook-and-
covid-19-impact-by-2028

Retail Cloud Market Size, Strategic Outlook and Covid – 19 Impact By 2028

The report also provides information on the new players entering the market and offers them
strategic recommendations to overcome the entry-level barriers and make fruitful business
decisions.

2.Late Entrant

“Late mover” is a term used for describing a business approach which waits and see for a while to
enter the market and then enter with a new business concept.. The late-mover advantage means
that followers can learn from pioneers' mistakes, see whether there is a market worth entering and
judge consumers' tastes.

https://www.verdict.co.uk/india-localization-tech-opportunities/

Spotify, a late entrant in India’s music streaming market, has also placed localization at the core of
its strategy. 

3. Leap Frog strategy

Bypass Strategy or Leap Frog strategy is defined as way to surpass or overthrow the superior
competition in the business field by usually by engaging in one enormous, determined, ruthless,
brilliant leap of mastermind that results in extraordinary growth, profit, and management position

It is an indirect approach to challenging a competitor by broadening your reach into their weaker
or untapped markets.

An internal study carried out by the state government shows  ..

Read more at:

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/85222952.cms?
utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst
Hence the state government must implement the leapfrog strategy to attract investment by setting up a
large park at a location like Sanand that could house local and international manufacturers, the study
suggested.

4. Bootstrapping

is founding and running a company using only personal finances or operating revenue. This form of
financing allows the entrepreneur to maintain more control, but it also can increase financial strain.
The term also refers to a method of building the yield curve for certain bonds.

Bootstrapping is a technique used by individuals in business to overcome obstacles, achieve goals

and make improvements through organic, self-sustainable means with no assistance from outside.

For most startups and small businesses, the answer is bootstrap marketing -- working with little or
no budget to reach your targeted audience with a message that will cause them to purchase your
product or service. With imagination and creativity, you can do it all yourself.

https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/youtube-influencer-pranjal-kamra-plans-expansion-
into-investment-advisory-11629461590492.html

 Pranjal Kamra, a personal finance YouTube influencer with 2.9 million subscribers has
announced plans to launch an investment advisory service under the brand ‘Recipe.’
However, Kamra plans to bootstrap (self fund) the new offerings. 

5. Reengineer – redesign

Reengineering involves completely rethinking existing business methods, work procedures, and

attitudes toward customers and suppliers. It usually starts from a “clean sheet of paper”. It is not
about marginal improvement…it is about reinvention rather than evolution. The benefits of BPR are
countless – increased revenue, improved customer service, reduced cost, higher employee
retention, faster processing time. Nearly any business benefit can be gained from business process
reengineering

The main reason why using the business process reengineering methodology is important is because
businesses should be agile and flexible. They should be organized in a manner that allows proper
exploitation and optimization of technology when managing business operations and determining
growth routes.

https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/asset-right-strategy-to-drive-itc-next-game-
plan-for-hotels-sanjiv-puri-121081100783_1.html

Sanjiv Puri said an extensive strategy reengineering has been undertaken to architect the
structural drivers that will power ITC's next horizon of growth

6. Economies of Scope

Economies of scope often result from a related diversification strategy and may even be termed
"economies of diversification." This strategy is made operational when a firm builds upon or extends
existing capabilities, resources, or areas of expertise for greater competitiveness.

An economy of scope means that the production of one good reduces the cost of producing
another related good. Economies of scope occur when producing a wider variety of goods or
services in tandem is more cost effective for a firm than producing less of a variety, or producing
each good independently.

Apple also enjoys economies of scale that few of its Android competitors can match. Because Apple
sells tens of millions of iPhones every quarter, it can commit to buying components at a massive
scale, allowing it to negotiate big volume discounts.

 https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/itcs-strategy-reset-to-focus-on-disruptive-business-
models-11628675786419.html

ITC Ltd has undertaken an “extensive strategy reset" that will power the company’s next phase of
growth as  this distributed manufacturing footprint enables economies of scale and scope, optimises
costs and ensures superior market servicing and freshness, Puri added.

7. Economies of scale:

 Economies of scale are cost advantages companies experience when production becomes
efficient, as costs can be spread over a larger amount of goods.
 A business's size is related to whether it can achieve an economy of scale—larger companies
will have more cost savings and higher production levels.
 Economies of scale can be both internal and external. Internal economies are caused by
factors within a single company while external factors affect the entire industry.

https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/itcs-strategy-reset-to-focus-on-disruptive-business-
models-11628675786419.html

ITC Ltd has undertaken an “extensive strategy reset" that will power the company’s next phase
of growth as  this distributed manufacturing footprint enables economies of scale and scope,
optimises costs and ensures superior market servicing and freshness, Puri added.

8. Mass Customisation:

Mass customization is a marketing and manufacturing technique that combines the flexibility and
personalization of custom-made products with the low unit costs associated with mass production.
Other names for mass customization include made-to-order or built-to-order.

 Mass customization is a process that allows a customer to personalize certain features of a

product while still keeping costs at or near mass production prices.
 Innovative manufacturing techniques help companies produce interchangeable parts that
can be combined in a variety of ways to build a cost-effective product that satisfies a specific
customer's needs.
 The four primary types of mass customization are collaborative customization, adaptive
customization, transparent customization, and cosmetic customization.
 Various companies employ mass customization techniques, including retail companies,
software creators, financial services companies, and modular home builders.
 Companies that offer mass customization can give themselves a competitive advantage over
other companies that only offer generic products.
 https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210819005670/en/AWS-Announces-
General-Availability-of-Amazon-MemoryDB-for-Redis

AWS Announces General Availability of Amazon MemoryDB for Redis

New Redis-compatible, in-memory database delivers ultra-fast performance with sub-millisecond
latency and high durability
 Netflix, Twilio, and Cimpress among customers using Amazon MemoryDB for Redis

Cimpress is a strategically focused group of more than a dozen businesses that specialize in mass
customization to deliver uniquely personalized products conveniently and affordably

9. LRP – Long Range Planning

An LRP is a strategic financial plan that is long-term in nature, generally covering the next three to
five years. The LRP planning process ensures the financial direction of the organization matches the
strategic goals. Predicting clinical and development costs five years in the future is challenging.

Long-range planning (LRP) is a process and discipline that companies use to determine the best
strategy for succeeding in the markets they serve and to ensure they have the capabilities needed
to support their strategic objectives; 

10. Disruption
When it comes to business strategy, “disruption” refers to a process in which market entrants come
armed with non-conventional business models, and what at their outset seem to be poor-
performing products actually come to challenge and eventually replace industry incumbents over
time.

strategy of disruption as “Creating an entirely new market. through the introduction of a new kind
of product or service, one that's actually worse, initially, as judged by the. performance metrics
that mainstream customers value”

https://retail.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/food-entertainment/personal-care-pet-supplies-
liquor/itc-adopting-disruptive-business-models-as-part-of-strategy-reset/85237190

ITC adopting disruptive business models as part of strategy reset

While talking about its recent acquisition of Sunrise Foods, Puri said it will enable ITC to address
the growing opportunities in branded spices in underpenetrated markets.