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Discuss the Scientific Approach of Fredrick Taylor, Fayol's Functional Approach & Elton Mayo's
Behavioral Approach. What is their contribution to modern day management? Discuss.

Frederick Taylor’s belief before he published his scientific approach in management is that all
workers were motivated by money, so he promoted the idea of "a fair day's pay for a fair day's
work." In other words, if a worker didn't achieve enough in a day, he didn't deserve to be paid as
much as another worker who was highly productive. Believed that management and labor should
cooperate and work together to meet goals. Because of this belief and taking what he learned from
these workplace experiments, Taylor published the “Principles of Scientific Management”. These
principles are also known simply as "Taylorism". Taylorism uses scientific methods to analyze the
most efficient production process to increase productivity. This concentrated more on
productivity and productivity-based wages. He stressed on time and motion study and other
techniques for measuring work. Apart from this, in Taylor’s work, there also runs a strongly
humanistic theme. He had an idealist’s notion that the interests of workers, managers, and owners
should be harmonized.

Henri Fayol is recognized as the father of modern operational management. He developed several
theories during his life that are still considered an important part of management concepts. His
focus mainly was on the management, human and behavioral factors in the organization. Fayol has a
five distinct functional approach in management namely planning, organizing, commanding,
coordinating and controlling. According to Fayol, every company needs a good plan of action.
Managers must plan and develop strategic objectives and secure the achievement of future goals.
For effective planning, managers should be skilled in the art of treating people, have moral courage
and the ability to generate creative ideas and competent. Organizing is much about making orderly
determination and arrangement of task with the use of resources. Fayol lays down an organization
duty for managers such as ensure the plan is judiciously prepared and strictly carried out, see that
human and material structures are consistent with objectives, resources and general operating
policies set up a single guiding authority and establish lines of communication throughout the
organization harmonies activities and coordinate efforts, formulate clear distinct and precise
decision, etc. Commanding means that the management should give clear commands to its
workforce, so it can produce the desired output. Giving concrete instructions or clear commands
also ensures that the performance of the workforce is optimized. Coordinating, leadership must
focus on coordination to ensure proper workflow, employee motivation as well as high productivity.
Lastly, Controlling, Managers should evaluate employee performance regularly to ensure adherence
to the plan. It requires the managers to see if there are obstacles to the implementation of the plan
or if there is a critical deviation from the plan. Fayol's Functional Approach focus a small percent to
informal relationships between managers and subordinates and does not really emphasize upon
how to develop and maintain a motivated workforce. However, it gives a structured overview of
several tasks needed to be performed by all managers, which gives managers an initial overview of
which main functions they should be focusing on in their daily work.

Elton Mayo's behavioral approach was based on his well-known Hawthorne experiments that drew
several conclusions about the real source of employee motivation, laying the groundwork for later
approaches to team building and group dynamics and observations to employee’s productivity
levels under varying environmental conditions. Mayo management theory states that employees are
motivated far more by relational factors such as attention and camaraderie than by monetary
rewards or environmental factors such as lighting, humidity, etc. Elton Mayo developed a matrix
which he used to illustrate the likelihood that a given team would be successful. His matrix
demonstrates the role that varying combinations of group norms and group cohesiveness play in
team effectiveness.

Their modern-day contribution to management is that they gave different choices to adapt on how
to handle an organization or to manage. Their principles and theories can guide and enable us to see
things from new angles and perspectives, understand more fully the relationship between
employees and employers. Their principles can predict possible consequences in this modern day. It
also contributes management to guide behaviors of different people in an organization.