Show the Lewis structure and calculate the formal charge of each element for the given compound:

FORMAL CHARGE = VALENCE ELECTRON - NON BONDING V. E. - BONDING ELECTRON

1. Phosphate = PO4
O (-

O
O O O1)
O O
P= 5 - 0 - 10/2 = 0
O= 6 - 4 - 4/2 = 0 (-
OO (0 OO (-

OP O
O= 6 - 6 - 2/2 = -1 O 1) ) O1)
O O
OO OO
(0

O
O )O
O O

2. Sulfate = SO4
O(

O
OO O
-
S = 6 - 0 - 8/2 = 0 O O1
O = 6 - 4 - 4/2 = 0 ) O(
( O

OSO
O = 6 - 6 -2/2 = -1 O0
0O
) O O)
O ( O

O
O O-
OOOO
1
)

3. Methane

H
(
0
C = 4 - 0 - 8/2 = 0 )
( ( (

HCH
H = 1 - 0 -2/2 = 0
0 0 0
) ) )
(

H 0
)
4. Ethanol
(0) (0)

C = 4 - 0 - 8/2 = 0
H = 1 - 0 - 2/2 = 0 (0)
HH (0) (0) OO(0) (0)
O = 6 - 4 - 4/2 = 0
H C C OH OO

HH
(0) (0)

5. Methanal

C = 4 - 0 - 8/2 = 0
H = 1 - 0 - 2/2 = 0
O = 6 - 4 - 4/2 = 0 O(0)

O
OO
O

(0)

C
(0)

H H
(0)