US010498571B2

United States Patent ( 10 ) Patent No.: US 10,498,571 B2

Murakami et al. (45 ) Date of Patent: * Dec. 3 , 2019
( 54 ) TRANSMISSION APPARATUS , RECEPTION (58) Field of Classification Search
APPARATUS AND DIGITAL RADIO CPC H04L 27/12
COMMUNICATION METHOD See application file for complete search history .
(71) Applicant: Wi-Fi One, LLC , Dallas , TX (US ) (56 ) References Cited
( 72 ) Inventors: Yutaka Murakami, Osaka (JP ); U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
Shinichiro Takabayashi, Tokyo (JP ); 4,843,352 A * 6/1989 Kamisaka HO4L 27/2071
Masayuki Orihashi, Kanagawa ( JP ) ; 332/104
Akihiko Matsuoka, Kanagawa (JP ) 4,899,367 A * 2/1990 Sampei H04B 7/005
375/264
( 73 ) Assignee : Wi- Fi One, LLC , Dallas, TX (US) (Continued )
( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer , the term of this FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
patent is extended or adjusted under 35
U.S.C. 154(b ) by 0 days . EP 0734132 9/1996
JP 63-252050 10/1988
This patent is subject to a terminal dis (Continued )
claimer .
(21 ) Appl. No.: 16 /361,363 OTHER PUBLICATIONS
(22) Filed : Mar. 22 , 2019 U.S.Appl. No. 15 /363,162, filed Nov. 29 , 2016 , Inventor: Murakami
et al.
(65) Prior Publication Data (Continued )
US 2019/0222446 A1 Jul. 18 , 2019 Primary Examiner Ankur Jain
Related U.S. Application Data (74 ) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Nixon & Vanderhye P.C.
(60 ) Continuation of application No. 15 /363,162, filed on (57 ) ABSTRACT
Nov. 29, 2016 , now Pat. No. 10,270,631, which is a A transmission apparatus and method include modulating a
(Continued ) transmission signalusing a firstmodulation scheme selected
Foreign Application Priority Data
from a plurality of modulation schemes to generate a first
( 30 ) symbol sequence . A second symbol, generated using a phase
11-213289
shift keying (PSK ) modulation scheme, is inserted in the first
Jul. 28 , 1999 ( JP ) symbol sequence to generate a first modulation signal for
(51) Int. Ci. transmission . A second modulation signal is received that
H04L 27/12 (2006.01)
includes a third symbol generated using a PSK modulation
H04L 2734 (2006.01)
scheme and inserted in a second symbol sequence generated
using a second modulation scheme selected from the plu
(Continued ) rality ofmodulation schemes. The third symbol is extracted
(52 ) U.S. Ci. from the received modulation signal. A transmission path
CPC H04L 27/12 ( 2013.01); H04L 1/0003 associated with the received modulation signal is estimated
( 2013.01) ; H04L 1/0006 (2013.01); using the third symbol. A received data signal from the
(Continued ) (Continued )

PILOT
SYMBOL
GENERATION
SECTION
Q

QUADRATURE
+ 198
TRANSMISSION BASEBAND FRAME TRANSMISSION
DIGITAL SIGNAL. MODULATION CONFIGURATION RADIO
SECTION LPF SECTION
106

TRANSMISSION FRAME
PATH CONFIGURATION
INFORMATION DETERMINATION
SECTION

TRANSMISSION
INFORMATION
 US 10,498,571 B2
Page 2

second symbol sequence included in the received modula 7,359,457 B2

7,545,882 B2
4/2008
6/2009
Murakami et al .
Murakami et al.
tion signal is output using the estimated transmission path . 8,295,399 B2 10/2012 Murakami et al .
9,106,486 B2 8/2015 Murakami et al .
14 Claims, 25 Drawing Sheets 9,525,575 B2 12/2016 Murakami et al.

FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS

Related U.S. Application Data JP 1-196924 8/1989
JP 7-250116 9/1995
continuation of application No. 14 /287,661, filed on JP
JP
8-116345
8-223239
5/1996
8/1996
May 27 , 2014 , now Pat . No. 9,525,575 , which is a JP 9-83600 3/1997
continuation of application No. 13/613,407, filed on JP 9-93302 4/1997
Sep. 13 , 2012 , now Pat. No. 9,106,486 , which is a JP 9-200282 7/1997
continuation of application No. 12 /206,427 , filed on JP 10-065645 3/1998
Sep. 8 , 2008 , now Pat. No. 8,295,399 , which is a JP 10-93650 4/1998
JP 10-247955 9/1998
continuation of application No. 11/955,443 , filed on JP 11-191794 7/1999
Dec. 13 , 2007 , now Pat. No. 7,545,882, which is a JP 5377194 B2 12/2013
division of application No. 10 /827,445 , filed on Apr. JP 5577087 B2 8/2014
20 , 2004 , now Pat. No. 7,359,457 , which is a contin JP
JP
5596608 B2 9/2014
uation of application No. 09/627,070 , filed on Jul. 27 , JP
5692015 B2
5771224 B2
4/2015
8/2015
2000 , now Pat. No. 6,993,092. JP 5901185 B2 4/2016
WO 9106486 A2 5/1991
(51) Int. Cl. WO 95/35615 12/1995
H04L 27/20 ( 2006.01) WO 99/27508 6/1999
H04L 1/00 ( 2006.01)
H04B 1/38 ( 2015.01) OTHER PUBLICATIONS
(52) U.S. Ci.
CPC H04L 27/206 ( 2013.01 ); H04L 27/34 Kuo et al, “ Design for Pilot-Symbol-Assisted Burst-Mode Commu
(2013.01); H04L 27/3455 (2013.01); H04B nications with Fading and Frequency Uncertainty” International
1/38 (2013.01) Journal of Wireless Information Networks, Plenum Press, New
York , NY, U.S., vol. 1, No. 4 , Oct. 1994 , pp. 239-252 .
(56 ) References Cited Kuo et al, “User slot design and performance analysis for burst
mode communications with fading and frequency uncertainty "
U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS Proceedings of the Global Telecommunications Conference
(GLOBECOM ), San Francisco, Nov. 28 -Dec. 2 , 1994 , New York ,
5,175,558 A * 12/1992 DuPree GO1S 7/36 IEEE , U.S., vol. 1 , Nov. 28 , 1994 , pp . 24-28 .
342/378 Gansman et al, “ Frame Synchronization for PSAM on Rayleigh
5,214,656 A * 5/1993 Chung HO3M 13/35 Fading Channels” Conference Record of the ASILOMAR Confer
348 / E5.108 ence on Circuits , Systems and Computers, vol. 1, Oct. 30 , 1995 , pp .
5,377,194 A * 12/1994 Calderbank HO3M 13/35 260-264 .
370/524 Otsuki et al, “ Performance Analysis of Adaptive Modulation Sys
5,577,087 A * 11/1996 Furuya HO4L 1/0003 tems Using Square -QAM ” Technical Report of IEICE , RSC94-96 ,
370/337 Sep. 1994 , pp . 43-48 , together with an English language Abstract
5,596,608 A * 1/1997 Sassa H04L 27/3872 thereof.
375/346 Murakami et al, “ A Method of Frame Structure in QAM Channels"
5,692,015 A 11/1997 Higashi HO4L 25/0212 Matsushita Research Institute Tokyo , Inc., together with an English
370/514 language Abstract thereof, 2 pages.
5,771,224 A * 6/1998 Seki HO4L 27/18
Murakami et al,“ A Study of Inserting QPSK Symbols into 16 QAM
370/206
5,901,185 A * 5/1999 Hassan HO4L 25/03171 Streams” Lecture Papers of The Institute of Electronics, Information
370/522 and Communication Engineers (1998 ), Japan , The Institute of
6,175,558 B1 1/2001 Miya Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers ,Mar. 1998 ,
6,466,563 B1 * 10/2002 Yamada H04W 52/54 Communication 1, B -5-69, p . 433, together with an English lan
370/342 guage Abstract thereof .
6,490,270 B1 * 12/2002 Krishnamoorthy HO4L 1/0003 Japanese Office Action dated Nov. 24 , 2010 issued in JP 2010
370/337 223912 and English translation thereof, 12 pages.
6,993,092 B1 * 1/2006 Murakami H04L 1/0003
375/298 * cited by examiner
U.S. Patent Dec. 3 , 2019 Sheet 1 of 25 US 10,498,571 B2

108

)
TRANSMIO RADIOSECTION

LPF
Bund

104

CONFIGURAT
som

103
FRAME SECTION 101 FIGI
SYMBOL GENRATIO SECTION 102

BQUADRT ASE NDMOULATINSECTION

CONFIGURAT DEMINO
FRAME SECTION

TRANSMIO TRANSMIO INFORMAT TRANSMIO INFORMAT

DSIGNTAL PATH DATA SPE D
U.S. Patent Dec. 3 , 2019 Sheet 2 of 25 US 10,498,571 B2

**
-
TIME TIME
-
1SYMBOL SYMBOL PLOT S1YMBOL SYMBOL PILOT

MSYMBOL 1SY6MQBAOML MSYMBOL 8SYPMSBOKL

)
202
( 1SYMBOL Brut o 108WAS LOIM )
204
( 1SYMBOL

SMYMBOL 1SY6MQBAOL SMYMBOL S8YPMSBOKL

1SYMBOL 10AWAS LOld 1SYMBOL SYMBOL PILOT

*
WA

S1YMBOL OSWAS 101d 1SYMBOL SYMBOL PILOT

SNYMBOL SJYM6BQOALM NSYMBOL S8YPMBSOKL

)
201
( 1SYMBOL 108WAS 100 )
203
( S1YMBOL SYMBOL PILOT

NSYMBOL S1Y6MQBAOL NSYMBOL ***

S8YPMBSOKL
1SYMBOL 10GWAS LOTS S1YMBOL SYMBOL PILOT
U.S. Patent Dec. 3 , 2019 Sheet 3 of 25 US 10,498,571 B2

302 302 302 302

302 302 302 302

301
302 302 302

302 302 302 302

FIG.3
U.S. Patent Dec. 3 , 2019 Sheet 4 of 25 US 10,498,571 B2

402
402 402

402 402 401

Dent

402

FIG.4
U.S. Patent Dec. 3 , 2019 Sheet 5 of 25 US 10,498,571 B2

502

RECPTIONRADIOSECTION
some

503

TContr PRANSMIHO DEISTOMRA N SECTION FIG.5

504

DETCIONSECTION
RECPTIONSDIGNTAL
U.S. Patent Dec. 3 , 2019 Sheet 6 of 25 US 10,498,571 B2

105
TRANSMIO SECTION
106

CONFIGURAT
1

602
FRAME SECTION FIG.6
BPSK SYMBOL MODULATIN SECTION 102 CONFIGURAT DEMINO
FRAME SECTION
QUADRT BASENDMOULATINSECTION
TRANSMIO TRANSMIO INFORMAT TRANSMIO INFORMAT
SDIGNTAL DATA SPE D
U.S. Patent Dec. 3 , 2019 Sheet 7 of 25 US 10,498,571 B2

www

TIME *TIME
1SYMBOL 10WAS HOI1VW \ $ 48 1SYMBOL SYMBOL MONLATION BPSX

MSYMBOL 1SY6MQBAOL MbSlYoMnBdOeL S8YPMBSOKL

702
(
) 1SYMBOL SYMBOL MODULATION APSK )
704
( 1SYMBOL SYMBOL MONULATION BPSK

MSYMBOL 1SY6MQBAOL MSYMBOL S8YPMSBOKL

1SYMBOL SYMBOL MODULATION BPSK
1SYMBOL SYMBOL MODULATION BPSK

TIME TIME
1SYMBOL SYMBOL KONULATION BPSK
1SYMBOL SYMBOL MODULATION BPSK

NSYMBOL S1Y6MQBAOL NSYMBOL 8SYPMSBOKL

)
701
( 1SYMBOL SYMBOL MODULATION BPSK )
703
( S1YMBOL SYMBOL MODULATION BPSK

NSYMBOL SJY6MQBAOL NSYMBOL S8YPMSBOKL

1SYMBOL SYMBOL MODULATION BPSK
1SYMBOL SYMBOL MODULATION BPSK
U.S. Patent Dec. 3 , 2019 Sheet 8 of 25 US 10,498,571 B2

802 802 802 802

802 802 802 802

801
802 802 802 802

802 802 802 802

FIG.8
U.S. Patent Dec. 3 , 2019 Sheet 9 of 25 US 10,498,571 B2

902
902

902 902 901

902 902

902

FIG.9
U.S. Patent Dec. 3 , 2019 Sheet 10 of 25 US 10,498,571 B2

501
502

Das
RECPTION RADIO SECTION

2001
TPRANSMIHO DEISTOMRA NSECTION FIG.10
1002

RUE
DETCIONSECTION
DRECPTION SIGNTAL
U.S. Patent Dec. 3 , 2019 Sheet 11 of 25 US 10,498,571 B2

Vos
197

TRANSMIO RADIO SECTION

106

104

102
QPSK SYMBOLMODULATINSECTION
CO N F I G U R
FRAME SECTIONAT 1 01

SCONFIGURAT DE MIN O ECTION

FIG.1

QUADRTE MODULATIN
BASE ND SEOTN ++*=*CHARK*N L

TRANSMIO TRANSMIO INFORMAT TRANSMIO INFORMAT

SDIGNTAL PATH DATA SPE D
U.S. Patent Dec. 3 , 2019 Sheet 12 of 25 US 10,498,571 B2

*
TIME
1SYMBOL SYMBOL MIKLATION PSX 1SYMBOL SYOL MOULATION OSX

1S6YQMBAOL SAYPMSBOKL
)
1202
( 1SYMBOL
SM
hale
Whole
SYMBOL
YMBOL
SYMBOL MODULATION OPSK
MBO
!
1204
(
) SYMBOLMSYMBOL.completMin SYMBOL MOKRATION Qass

1SY6MQBAOML SBYPMSBOKL
1SYMBOL SYMBOL MULATION OPSK
1SYMBOL SYMBOL MULATION QPSX

TIME
FTIMEIG.12
1SYMBOL SYMBOL MODULATION QPSK 1SYMBOL SIMBOL MODULATION QPSX

JS,YOMQBAOML
NSYMBOL SYPMSBOKL
)
1201
( 1SYMBOL SYMBOL MODULATION QPSK 1203
(
) S1YMBOL SYMBOL MODULATION OPSX
N
SYMBOL
NSYMBOL 1SY6MQBAOL S8YPMSBOKL
1SYMBOL SYMBOL WULATION OFSK
1SYMBOL .SYMBOE MOULATION QPSX
U.S. Patent Dec. 3 , 2019 Sheet 13 of 25 US 10,498,571 B2

1302 1302 1302 1302

1302 1302 1302

1301
1302 1302 1302 1302

1302 1302 1302 1302

do 1301

FIG.13
U.S. Patent Dec. 3 , 2019 Sheet 14 of 25 US 10,498,571 B2

1401

1402

YRERNER TAMAR
1402 1401

1402 1402

11402

FIG.14
U.S. Patent Dec. 3 , 2019 Sheet 15 of 25 US 10,498,571 B2

501
502

RECPTIONRADIOSECTION
1901

PTRANSMIHO EDSITMOAR NSECTION FIG.15

1502
DETCION SECTION
RECPTIONSDIGNTAL
U.S. Patent Dec. 3 , 2019 Sheet 16 of 25 US 10,498,571 B2

vo
107

105
TRANSMIO RADIO SECTION

LP
1

104

103
CONFIGURAT
FRAME SECTION 1601 16
.
FIG

PILOT SYMBOL GENRATIO SECTION 102

BQUADRT ASE NDMOULATINSECTION

FRAME
CONFIGURAT DEMINATO SECTION
this

TRANSMIO TRANSMIO INFORMAT TRANSMIO INFORMAT

SDIGNTAL DATA SPE D
U.S. Patent Dec. 3 , 2019 Sheet 17 of 25 US 10,498,571 B2

SYMBOL MODULATION QPSK

SYMBOL MODULATION QPSK
WIL
SYMBOL MODULATION QPSK

KSYMBOL SYMBOL MODULATION QPSK

1702
(
) SYMBOL MULATION QPSK
SYMBOL MODULATION QPSK

KSYMBOL SYMBOL MONLATION QPSK

SYMBOL MONLATION QPSK
SYMBOL MOULATION OPSK

FIG.17
SYMBOL MODULATION BPSX
SYMBOL MODULATION BPSK
wTIMEw.pa
SYMBOL MODULATION BPSX

XSYMBOL SYMBOL MODULATION BPSX

)
1701
( SYMBOL MODULATION BPSK
SYMBOL MODULATION BPSK

109WAS SYMBOL MODULATION BPSK

SYMBOL MODULATION APSK
SYMBOL MODULATION BPSX
U.S. Patent Dec. 3 , 2019 Sheet 18 of 25 US 10,498,571 B2

1801 1801
ERITE WEYXY ***

FIG.18
U.S. Patent Dec. 3 , 2019 Sheet 19 of 25 US 10,498,571 B2

1901 1901

1901

FIG.19
U.S. Patent Dec. 3 , 2019 Sheet 20 of 25 US 10,498,571 B2

501
502

RECPTION RADIO SECTION

20 1

PTRANSMIHO EDSITMOAR NSECTION FIG.20

20 2
DETCIONSECTION
RECPTION SDIGNTAL
U.S. Patent Dec. 3 , 2019 Sheet 21 of 25 US 10,498,571 B2

Aro
107

195
TRANSMIO RADIOSECTION

sanomat
104

2102
CONFIGURAT
FRAME SECTION 2101 FIG.21
CONFIGURAT DEMINO
~~- Q

FRAME
SPYIMLBOTSGENCTRAIO SBYEMFORLE PAIFNLTOEDR SMOEDCULTAIN 102

QUADRT BASENDMOULATINSECTION
TRANSMIO TRANSMIO INFORMAT TRANSMIO INFORMAT
SDIGNTAL DATA SPE D
U.S. Patent Dec. 3 , 2019 Sheet 22 of 25 US 10,498,571 B2

2 12 1SYMBOL 2 134
1SYMBOL 708WAS 101d

1S.6YMQBAOML
MSYMBOL 2212 MSYMBOL 2 14 S8YPMBSOKL
2202
(
) 1SYMBOL 2204
(
) 1SYMBOL 109WAS LOld

2 136
MSYMBOL S22172210 1Y6MQBAOML MSYMBOL 8SYPMSBOKL
S1YMBOL 1SYMBOL 108WAS 1014
2 143
KAR MAN

1SYMBOL 1SYMBOL SYMBOL PILOT 2 143 FIG.2

12 12 S8YPMSBOKL
NSYMBOL S1Y6MQBAOML NSYMBOL
)
2203
( 1SYMBOL 706WAS 10110

212 2 131
NSYMBOL 1S6YQMBAOML NSYMBOL
*

S8YPMBSOKL
1SYMBOL SYMBOL PILOT
2 127 1SYMBOL 10BWIS 1010
2 134
U.S. Patent Dec. 3 , 2019 Sheet 23 of 25 US 10,498,571 B2

2302 2302 2302 2302

2302 2302 2302 2302

2303 2303 2303 2303 2301 ??

2302 2302 2302 2302

2302 2302 2302 2302

FIG.23
U.S. Patent Dec. 3 , 2019 Sheet 24 of 25 US 10,498,571 B2

2402

2401
2401 - A

2401 2401
1

2401 - B

2401

FIG.24
U.S. Patent Dec. 3 , 2019 Sheet 25 of 25 US 10,498,571 B2

501
502

RECPTIONRADIOSECTION
2501

TRPANSMITHONDEISTOMRA N SECTION
2502

DETCIONSECTION
RECPTIONSDIGNTAL
 US 10,498,571 B2
1 2
TRANSMISSION APPARATUS, RECEPTION tance during data demodulation reduces and the quality of
APPARATUS AND DIGITAL RADIO data deteriorates . On the other hand, when fluctuations in the
COMMUNICATION METHOD transmission path are gentle or the level of the reception
signal on the receiving side is large, the data transmission
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED 5 efficiency cannot be improved despite the excessive data
APPLICATIONS quality .
This application is a continuation of pending U.S. patent SUMMARY
application Ser . No. 15/363,162 , filed Nov. 29 , 2016 , which 10
is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/287 , It is an object of the present invention to provide a
661, filed on May 27, 2014 (now U.S. Pat. No. 9,525,575 ) , transmission apparatus, reception apparatus and digital radio
which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. communication method capable of flexibly improving the
13/613,407 , filed on Sep. 13 , 2012 (now U.S. Pat. No. data transmission efficiency and the quality of data.
9,106,486 ), which is a continuation of U.S. patent applica The present invention attains the above object by chang
tion Ser. No. 12 / 206,427 , filed on Sep. 8 , 2008 (now U.S. 15 ing the interval of inserting a known pilot symbol, binary
Pat. No. 8,295,399 ), which is a continuation of U.S. patent phase (BPSK : Binary Phase Shift Keying ) modulation sym
application Ser. No. 11 /955,443 , filed Dec. 13 , 2007 (now bols or quadrature phase ( QPSK : Quadrature Phase Shift
U.S. Pat. No. 7,545,882 ),which is a divisional application of Keying ) modulation symbols and the modulation system of
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10 /827,445, filed Apr. 20 ,
2004 (now U.S. Pat.No. 7,359,457),which is a continuation 20 information symbols according to the communication situ
of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/627,070 , filed Jul. 27 , ation such as fluctuations in the transmission path and the
2000 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,993,092 ), which claims priority level of a reception signal.
to JP Application No. 11-213289 filed Jul. 28, 1999, the BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
disclosures of which are expressly incorporated herein by 25
reference in their entireties.
The above and other objects and features of the invention
BACKGROUND will appear more fully hereinafter from a consideration of
the following description taken in connection with the
1. Technical Field accompanying drawing wherein one example is illustrated
30 by way of example, in which ;
The present invention relates to a transmission apparatus, FIG . 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a
reception apparatus and digital radio communication transmission apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the
method, which is used for digital radio communications. present invention;
2. Description 35
FIG . 2 illustrates examples of a frame configuration of a
signal transmitted from the transmission apparatus of
As a conventional digital modulation system , a technol Embodiment 1 of the present invention ;
ogy described in the Unexamined Japanese Patent Publica pilot symbol on an of
FIG . 3 is a layout
in -
signal points of 16QAM and a known
phase l- quadrature Q plane ;
tion No. HEI 1-196924 is known . This is the technology
which the transmitting side configures a frame by inserting 40 a known pilot symbol on an points
FIG . 4 is a layout of signal of8PSK modulation and
in -phase 1-quadrature Q plane ;
1 known pilot symbol for every N data symbols and the
receiving side estimates a frequency offset and amount of FIG . 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a
amplitude distortion by using the pilot symbol, and removes reception apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the
these frequency offset and amplitude distortion and demodu present invention ;
lates. 45 FIG . 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a
Here , in the case of a radio communication, fluctuations transmission apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the
in the transmission path occur due to fading and in terrestrial present invention ;
mobile communication in particular, fluctuations in the FIG . 7 illustrates examples of a frame configuration of a
transmission path are not uniform . When fluctuations in the signal transmitted from the transmission apparatus of
transmission path are intense, the intervalof inserting a pilot 50 Embodiment 2 of the present invention ;
symbol must be shorter to prevent deterioration of the data FIG . 8 is a layout of signal points of 16QAM and BPSK
demodulation error rate . On the contrary , when fluctuations modulation on an in -phase 1- quadrature Q plane;
in the transmission path are gentle , extending the interval of FIG.9 is a layoutof signal points of 8PSK modulation and
inserting a pilot symbol does not deteriorate the data BPSK modulation on an in -phase I-quadrature Q plane;
demodulation error rate so much . 55 FIG . 10 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a
On the other hand, when the level of a reception signal on reception apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the
the receiving side is small, a modulation system used must present, invention ;
be highly resistant to errors for information symbols. On the FIG . 11 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a
contrary , when the level of a reception signal on the receiv transmission apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the
ing side is large, higher priority can be given to a modulation 60 present invention ;
system of high transmission efficiency for information sym FIG . 12 illustrates examples of a frame configuration of a
bols . signal transmitted from the transmission apparatus of
However , in the conventional digital modulation system Embodiment 3 of the present invention ;
above, the pilot symbol insertion interval and the informa FIG . 13 is a layout of signalpoints of 16QAM and QPSK
tion symbol modulation system are fixed . Therefore , when 65 modulation on an in -phase l- quadrature Q plane;
fluctuations in the transmission path are intense or the level FIG . 14 is a layout of signal points of BPSK modulation
of the reception signal of the receiver is small , error resis and QPSK modulation on an in -phase l- quadrature Q plane;
 US 10,498,571 B2
3 4
FIG . 15 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a the way, details of the method of determining a frame
reception apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the configuration by frame configuration determination section
present invention ; 101 will be described later.
FIG . 16 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a Here, when an identical frequency band is used for the
transmission apparatus according to Embodiment 4 of the 5 uplink and the downlink , the situation of fluctuations in the
present invention ; transmission path due to fading can be estimated from a
FIG . 17 illustrates examples of a frame configuration of a transition in the result ofmeasuring the reception level of the
signal transmitted from the transmission apparatus of modulated signal transmitted from the other end of commu
Embodiment 4 of the present invention; nication on the receiving side , which is not shown in the
FIG . 18 is a layout of signal points of BPSK modulation 10 mission
figure, ofapparatus
the communication apparatus in which the trans
shown in FIG . 1 is mounted . Furthermore ,
on an in -phase l- quadrature Q plane ; the transmission apparatus shown in FIG . 1 can recognize
FIG . 19 is a layout of signal points of QPSK modulation the situation of fluctuations in the transmission path due to
on an in -phase l- quadrature Q plane ; fading ,by the reception apparatus, which is the other end of
FIG . 20 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a 15 communication of the transmission apparatus shown in FIG .
reception apparatus according to Embodiment 4 of the 1 , measuring the reception level of the modulated signal
present invention ; transmitted from the other end of communication , estimat
FIG . 21 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a ing the situation of fluctuations in the transmission path due
transmission apparatus according to Embodiment 5 of the to fading based on the transition of the measurement result.
present invention ; 20 Then , when an identical frequency band is used for the
FIG . 22 illustrates examples of a frame configuration of a uplink and the downlink , the transmission speed of the
signal transmitted from the transmission apparatus of the transmission data can be determined from a result of mea
Embodiment 5 of the present invention ; suring the reception level of the modulated signal transmit
FIG . 23 is a layout of signal points of 16QAM , a known ted from the other end of communication on the receiving
pilot symbol and symbols before and after the pilot symbol 25 side,which is not shown in the figure, of the communication
on an in -phase 1-quadrature Q plane ; apparatus in which the transmission apparatus shown in
FIG . 24 is a layout of signal points of 8PSK modulation , FIG . 1 is mounted . Furthermore, the transmission apparatus
a known pilot symbol and symbols before and after the pilot shown in FIG . 1 can recognize the transmission speed of the
symbol on an in - phase l- quadrature Q plane; and transmission data by the reception apparatus, which is the
FIG . 25 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a 30 other end of communication of the transmission apparatus
reception apparatus according to Embodiment 5 of the shown in FIG . 1 , measuring the reception level of the pilot
present invention . symbol transmitted from the other end of communication
and determining the transmission speed of the transmission
DETAILED DESCRIPTION data based on the measurement result .
35 Quadrature baseband modulation section 102 modulates a
With reference now to the attached drawings, embodi transmission digital signal to a quadrature baseband signal
ments of the present invention will be explained in detail with the modulation system indicated from frame configu
below . ration determination section 101 and outputs the in - phase
component and the quadrature component of the quadrature
Embodiment 1 40 baseband signal to frame configuration section 104 .
Pilot symbol generation section 103 generates a pilot
Embodiment 1 describes a digital radio communication symbolknown between the transmitting and receiving sides
method by which the interval of inserting a known pilot and outputs the in -phase component and the quadrature
symbol and the modulation system of information symbols component of the known pilot symbol to frame configura
are changed according to the communication situation. 45 tion section 104 .
FIG . 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a Frame configuration section 104 inserts the known pilot
transmission apparatus according to this embodiment. As symbol output from pilot symbol generation section 103 into
shown in FIG . 1 , the transmission apparatus according to the output signal of quadrature baseband modulation section
this embodiment mainly consists of frame configuration 102 at the insertion interval instructed from frame configu
determination section 101, quadrature baseband modulation 50 ration determination section 101 and composes a frame.
section 102 , pilot symbol generation section 103 , frame LPF 105 lets pass only a predetermined frequency band
configuration section 104 , and LPFs (Low Pass Filters ) 105 section of the in -phase component output from frame con
and 106 , transmission radio section 107 and transmission figuration section 104 , LPF 106 lets pass only a predeter
antenna 108 . mined frequency band section of the quadrature component
Frame configuration determination section 101 judges the 55 output from frame configuration section 104 .
communication situation based on transmission path infor Transmission radio section 107 transmits a radio fre
mation which shows the degree of fluctuations of the trans quency signal as the electric wave from transmission
mission path due to fading and data transmission speed antenna 108 after performing radio processing on the output
information which shows the transmission speed of trans signals of LPF 105 and LPF 106 .
mission data based on the level of a reception signal and 60 Next, examples of the method of determining a frame
decides the interval of inserting a known pilot symbol and configuration by frame configuration determination section
the modulation system of a transmission digital signal. Then , 101 of the transmission apparatus shown in FIG . 1 above
frame configuration determination section 101 outputs a will be explained .
signal indicating the determined modulation system to FIG . 2 illustrates examples of a frame configuration of a
quadrature baseband modulation section 102 and outputs a 65 signal transmitted from the transmission apparatus of this
signal indicating the determined interval of inserting the embodiment and shows a time- symbol relationship . ( 201) is
known pilot symbol to frame configuration section 104. By a frame configuration when the modulation system of infor
 US 10,498,571 B2
5 6
mation symbols is 16 - value quadrature amplitude modula distortion from the reception condition of the known pilot
tion ( 16QAM : 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation ) and a symbol and outputs the amount of transmission path distor
known pilot symbol interval is N symbols. ( 202) is a frame tion to detection section 504 .
configuration when the modulation system of information Detection section 504 receives the in -phase component
symbols is 16QAM and a known pilot symbol interval is M 5 and the quadrature component of the quadrature baseband
symbols . ( 203 ) is a frame configuration when the modula signal as inputs, detects information symbols based on the
tion system of information symbols is 8 phases (8PSK : 8 amount of transmission path distortion and outputs a recep
Phase Shift Keying ) modulation and a known pilot symbol tion digital signal.
interval is N symbols . (204 ) is a frame configuration when Thus, changing the interval of inserting a known pilot
the modulation system of information symbols is 8PSK 10 symbol and the modulation system of information symbols
modulation and a known pilot symbol interval is M symbols. according to the communication situation such as fluctua
Suppose N < M at this time.
Frame configuration determination section 101 selects tions in the transmission path and the level of the reception
one of ( 201 ), (202 ), (203) or (204 ) in FIG . 2 as the optimal signal can improve both the data transmission efficiency and
frame configuration based on the transmission path infor- 15 the quality of data at the same time.
mation and the request data transmission speed information . Here , this embodiment explains two kinds of the interval
For example , in the case of high -speed fading, frame of inserting a known pilot symbol, but the present invention
configuration determination section 101 sacrifices data is not limited to this. Furthermore, this embodiment explains
transmission efficiency on the receiving side and selects a two kinds of the modulation system of information symbols ,
frame configuration of either (201) or (203 ) in FIG . 2 so that 20 16QAM and the 8PSK modulation , but the present invention
the interval of inserting a known pilot symbol becomes is not limited to this .
narrower to prevent deterioration of the data demodulation Furthermore , this embodiment only explains the frame
error rate and maintain the quality of data . On the other configuration of information symbols and a known pilot
hand , in the case of low -speed fading, frame configuration symbol shown in FIG . 2 , but since it is also possible to
determination section 101 selects a frame configuration of 25 consider a frame configuration in which signals such as a
either ( 202 ) or (204 ) in FIG . 2 to widen the interval of symbol for synchronization to adjust timing between the
inserting a known pilot symbol to improve the data trans receiver and transmitter and a symbol to correct an error on
mission efficiency. the receiver side are inserted , the present invention is not
Also ,when the levelof the reception signal is large , frame limited to the frame configuration composed of only infor
configuration determination section 101 gives priority to 30 mation symbols and known pilot symbol.
data transmission efficiency on the receiving side and selects
a frame configuration of either (201 ) or ( 202 ) in FIG . 2 Embodiment 2
adopting 16QAM as the modulation system of information
symbols . On the other hand , when the level of the reception Embodiment 2 describes a digital radio communication
signal is small, frame configuration determination section 35 method by which the interval of inserting a BPSK modula
101 gives priority to increasing error resistance while sac tion symbol and the modulation system of information
rificing data transmission efficiency on the receiving side symbols other than the above BPSK modulation symbol are
and selects a frame configuration of either (203 ) or ( 204 ) inchanged according to the communication situation .
FIG . 2 adopting 8PSK as the modulation system of infor FIG . 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the
mation symbols. 40
transmission apparatus according to this Embodiment. Here ,
FIG . 3 shows a signal point layout according to the in the transmission apparatus shown in FIG . 6 , the compo
16QAM modulation system on the in -phase l- quadrature Q nents common to those in the transmission apparatus shown
plane and signal point layout of a known pilot symbol. in FIG . 1 are assigned the same reference numerals as those
Signal point 301 is the signal point of a known pilot symbol in FIG . 1 and their explanations will be omitted .
and signal points 302 are the signal points of 16QAM 45 In the transmission apparatus in FIG . 6, frame configu
modulation symbols. FIG . 4 shows a signal point layout ration determination section 601 differs in the way of
according to the 8PSK modulation system on the in -phase operation from the frame configuration determination sec
I- quadrature Q plane and signal point layout of a known tion 101 in FIG . 1. Also , when compared to FIG . 1 , the
pilot symbol. Signal point 401 is the signal point of a known transmission apparatus in FIG . 6 adopts the configuration
pilot symbol and signal points 402 are the signal points of 50 with BPSK symbol modulation section 602, instead of pilot
8PSK modulation symbols . symbol generation section 103, added .
FIG . 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the Frame configuration determination section 601 judges the
reception apparatus according to this embodiment. As communication situation , determines the interval of insert
shown in FIG . 5 , the reception apparatus ' according to this ing a BPSK modulation symbol and the modulation system
Embodiment mainly consists of reception antenna. 501 , 55 of a transmission digital signal, outputs a signal indicating
reception radio section 502 , transmission path distortion the determined modulation system to quadrature baseband
estimation section 503 and detection section 504 . modulation section 102 and outputs a signal indicating the
Reception radio section 502 receives the radio signal interval of inserting the determined BPSK modulation sym
received by reception antenna 501 as an input, performs bol to quadrature baseband modulation section 102 , BPSK
predetermined radio processing and outputs the in -phase 60 symbol modulation section 602 and frame configuration
component and the quadrature component of the reception section 104 .
quadrature baseband signal. BPSK symbol modulation section 602 performs BPSK
Transmission path distortion estimation section 503 modulation on the transmission digital signal at the timing
receives the in -phase component and the quadrature com indicated from frame configuration determination section
ponent of the quadrature baseband signal as inputs, extracts 65 601 and outputs the in -phase component and the quadrature
the signal of the known pilot symbol shown in FIG . 3 and component of the BPSK modulation symbol to frame con
FIG . 4 above, estimates the amount of transmission path figuration section 104.
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7 8
FIG . 7 illustrates examples of a frame configuration of a the signals of the BPSK modulation symbols shown in FIG .
signal transmitted from the transmission apparatus of this 8 and FIG . 9 above , estimates the amount of transmission
embodiment and shows a time-symbol relationship . ( 701) is path distortion from the reception condition of the BPSK
a frame configuration when the modulation system of infor modulation symbols and outputs the amount of transmission
mation symbols is 16QAM and a BPSK modulation symbol 5 path distortion to detection section 1002 .
interval is N symbols. ( 702 ) is a frame configuration when Detection section 1002 receives the in -phase component
the modulation system of information symbols is 16QAM and the quadrature component of the quadrature baseband
and a BPSK modulation symbol interval is M symbols. signal as inputs , detects information symbols and BPSK
( 703 ) is a frame configuration when the modulation system modulation symbols based on the amount of transmission
of information symbols is 8PSK modulation and a BPSK 10 path distortion and outputs a reception digital signal.
modulation symbol interval is N symbols . (704 ) is a frame Thus, in this embodiment, by sending information with
configuration when the modulation system of information BPSK modulation symbols, instead of a known pilot sym
symbols is 8PSK modulation and a BPSK modulation bol , inserted, it is possible to improve the transmission speed
symbol interval is M symbols . Suppose N < M at this time. compared with Embodiment 1.
Frame configuration determination section 601 selects 15 Here , this embodiment describes two kinds of the interval
one of (701 ), (702), (703) or (704 ) in FIG . 7 as the optimal of inserting BPSK modulation symbols but the present
frame configuration based on the transmission path infor invention is not limited to this. Also , this embodiment
mation and the request data transmission speed information . describes two kinds of themodulation system of information
For example, in the case of high -speed fading, frame symbols , 16QAM and 8PSK modulation , but the present
configuration determination section 601 sacrifices data 20 invention is not limited to this .
transmission efficiency on the receiving side and selects a Furthermore , this embodiment describes the frame con
frame configuration of either (701 ) or (703 ) in FIG . 7 so that figuration of only information symbols and BPSK modula
the interval of inserting a BPSK modulation symbol tion symbols shown in FIG . 7 but the present invention is not
becomes narrower to prevent deterioration of the data limited to this frame configuration .
demodulation error rate and maintain the quality of data . On 25
the other hand, in the case of low -speed fading , frame Embodiment 3
configuration determination section 601 selects a frame
configuration of either (702) or (704 ) in FIG . 7 to widen the Embodiment 3 describes a digital radio communication
interval of inserting a BPSK modulation symbol to improve method by which the interval of inserting QPSK modulation
the data transmission efficiency. 30 symbols and the modulation system of information symbols
Furthermore , when the level of the reception signal is other than the above QPSK modulation symbols are changed
large, frame configuration determination section 601 gives according to the communication situation .
priority to data transmission efficiency on the receiving side FIG . 11 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the
and selects a frame configuration of either ( 701) or (702 ) in transmission apparatus according to this Embodiment. In the
the FIG . 7 adopting 16QAM as the modulation system of 35 transmission apparatus shown in FIG . 11, the components
information symbols. On the other hand , when the level of common to those in the transmission apparatus shown in
the reception signal is small, frame configuration determi FIG . 1 are assigned the same reference numerals as those in
nation section 601 gives priority to increasing error resis FIG . 1 and their explanations will be omitted .
tance while sacrificing data transmission efficiency on the In the transmission apparatus in FIG . 11 , frame configu
receiving side and selects a frame configuration of either 40 ration determination section 1101 differs in the way of
( 703) or (704 ) in FIG . 7 adopting 8PSK as the modulation operation from the frame configuration determination sec
system of information symbols . tion 101 in FIG . 1. Also , when compared to FIG . 1, the
FIG . 8 shows a signal point layout according to the transmission apparatus in FIG . 11 adopts a configuration
16QAM modulation system on the in -phase I-quadrature Q with QPSK symbolmodulation section 1102 , instead of pilot
plane and signal point layout ofBPSK modulation symbols. 45 symbol generation section 103, added .
Signal points 801 are the signal points of BPSK modulation Frame configuration determination section 1101 judges
symbols and signal points 802 are the signal points of the communication situation , determines the interval of
16QAM modulation symbols . FIG . 9 shows a signal point inserting QPSK modulation symbols and the modulation
layout according to the 8PSK modulation system on the system of a transmission digital signal, outputs a signal
in -phase l- quadrature Q plane and signal point layout of 50 indicating the determined modulation system to quadrature
BPSK modulation symbols . Signal points 901 are the signal baseband modulation section 102 and outputs a signal
points of BPSK modulation symbols and signal points 902 indicating the determined interval of inserting QPSK modu
are the signal points of 8PSK modulation symbols . lation symbols to quadrature baseband modulation section
FIG . 10 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the 102, QPSK symbol modulation section 1102 and frame
reception apparatus according to this Embodiment. In the 55 configuration section 104 .
reception apparatus shown in FIG . 10 , the components QPSK symbol modulation section 1102 performs QPSK
common to the reception apparatus shown in FIG . 5 are modulation on a transmission digital signal at the timing
assigned the same reference numerals as those in FIG . 5 and indicated from frame configuration determination section
their explanations will be omitted. 1101 and outputs the in -phase component and the quadrature
In the reception apparatus in FIG . 10 , transmission path 60 component of the QPSK modulation symbol to frame con
distortion estimation section 1001 differs in the way of figuration section 104.
operation from transmission path distortion estimation sec FIG . 12 illustrates examples of a frame configuration of a
tion 503 in FIG . 5 and detection section 1002 differs in thesignal transmitted from the transmission apparatus of this
way of operation from detection section 504 in FIG . 5 . embodiment and shows a time-symbol relationship . (1201)
Transmission path distortion estimation section 1001 65 is a frame configuration when the modulation system of
receives the in -phase component and the quadrature com information symbols is 16QAM and a QPSK modulation
ponent of the quadrature baseband signal as inputs, extracts symbol interval is N symbols. ( 1202 ) is a frame configura
 US 10,498,571 B2
9 10
tion when the modulation system of information symbols is modulation symbols and outputs the amount of transmission
16QAM and a QPSK modulation symbol interval is M path distortion to detection section 1502 .
symbols. ( 1203) is a frame configuration when the modu Detection section 1502 receives the in -phase component
lation system of information symbols is 8PSK modulation and the quadrature component of the quadrature baseband
and a QPSK modulation symbol interval is N symbols . 5 signal as inputs , detects information symbols and QPSK
( 1204 ) is a frame configuration when the modulation system modulation symbols based on the amount of transmission
of information symbols is 8PSK modulation and a QPSK path distortion and outputs a reception digital signal.
modulation symbol interval is M symbols . Suppose N < M at Thus, in this embodiment, by sending information with
this time. QPSK modulation symbols , instead of a known pilot sym
Frame configuration determination section 1101 selects 10 bol , inserted , it is possible to improve the transmission speed
compared with Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 .
one of ( 1201), (1202 ), ( 1203) or ( 1204 ) in FIG . 12 as the
optimal frame configuration based on the transmission path ofHere , this embodiment describes two kinds of the interval
inserting QPSK modulation symbols but the present
information and the request data transmission speed infor invention is not limited to this . Also , this embodiment
mation .
15 describes
For example, in the case of high -speed fading, frame symbols , 16QAM two kinds of the modulation system of information
configuration determination section 1101 sacrifices data invention is not limited and 8PSK modulation , but the present
to this .
transmission efficiency on the receiving side and selects a Furthermore , this embodiment describes the frame con
frame configuration of either ( 1201 ) or ( 1203) in FIG . 12 so figuration of only information symbols and QPSE modula
that the QPSK modulation symbol insertion interval 20 tion symbols shown in FIG . 12 but the present invention is
becomes narrower to prevent deterioration of the data not limited to this frame configuration .
demodulation error rate and maintain the quality of data. On
the other hand , in the case of low - speed fading , frame Embodiment 4
configuration determination section 1101 selects a frame
configuration of either ( 1202) or ( 1204 ) in FIG . 12 to widen 25 Embodiment 4 describes a digital radio communication
the interval of inserting QPSK modulation symbols to method by which the modulation system of information
improve the data transmission efficiency. symbols is changed according to the communication situa
Furthermore , when the level of the reception signal is tion and when the modulation system of information sym
large, frame configuration determination section 1101 gives bols uses 8 or more values, a known pilot symbol is inserted
priority to data transmission efficiency on the receiving side 30 with the insertion interval changed according to the com
and selects a frame configuration of either (1201 ) or ( 1202 ) munication situation .
in FIG . 12 adopting 16QAM as the modulation system of FIG . 16 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the
information symbols. On the other hand, when the level of transmission apparatus according to this Embodiment. In the
the reception signal is small, frame configuration determi transmission apparatus shown in FIG . 16 , the components
nation section 1101 gives priority to increasing error resis- 35 common to those in the transmission apparatus shown in
tance while sacrificing data transmission efficiency on the FIG . 1 are assigned the same reference numerals as those in
receiving side and selects a frame configuration of either FIG . 1 and their explanations will be omitted .
( 1203 ) or ( 1204 ) in FIG . 12 adopting 8PSK as the modula In the transmission apparatus in FIG . 16 , frame configu
tion system of information symbols . ration determination section 1601 differs in the way of
FIG . 13 shows a signal point layout according to the 40 operation from the frame configuration determination sec
16QAM modulation system on the in -phase I-quadrature Q tion 101 in FIG . 1 .
plane and signal point layout of QPSK modulation symbols. Frame configuration determination section 1601 deter
Signal points 1301 are the signal points of QPSK modula mines themodulation system of a transmission digital signal
tion symbols and signal points 1302 are the signal points of based on the communication situation and outputs a signal
16QAM modulation symbols . FIG . 14 shows a signal point 45 indicating the determined modulation system to quadrature
layout according to the 8PSK modulation system on the baseband modulation section 102. Also , when the deter
in - phase 1- quadrature a plane and signal point layout of mined modulation system uses 8 or more values, frame
QPSK modulation symbols . Signal points 1401 are the configuration determination section 1601 determines the
signal points of QPSK modulation symbols and signal points interval of inserting a pilot symbol based on the communi
1402 are the signal points of 8PSK modulation symbols. 50 cation situation and outputs a signal indicating the deter
FIG . 15 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the mined interval of inserting the pilot symbol to frame con
reception apparatus according to this embodiment. In the figuration section 104. Also , when the determined
reception apparatus shown in FIG . 15 , the components modulation system uses 8 fewer values , frame configuration
common to the reception apparatus shown in FIG . 5 are determination section 1601 outputs a signal giving an
assigned the same reference numerals as those in FIG . 5 and 55 instruction for stopping the generation of pilot symbols to
their explanations will be omitted . pilot symbol generation section 103 .
In the reception apparatus in FIG . 15 , transmission path Pilot symbol generation section 103 generates a pilot
distortion estimation section 1501 differs in the way of symbol known between the transmitting and receiving sides
operation from transmission path distortion estimation sec and outputs the in - phase component and the quadrature
tion 503 in FIG . 5 and detection section 1502 differs in the 60 component of the known pilot symbol to frame configura
way of operation from detection section 504 in FIG . 5 . tion section 104. However, when instructed to stop the
Transmission path distortion estimation section 1501 generation of pilot symbols from frame configuration deter
receives the in -phase component and the quadrature com mination section 1601, pilot symbol generation section 103
ponent of the quadrature baseband signal as inputs, extracts stops operation .
the signals of the QPSK modulation symbols shown in FIG . 65 FIG . 17 illustrates examples of a frame configuration of a
13 and FIG . 14 above, estimates the amount of transmission signal transmitted from the transmission apparatus of this
path distortion from the reception condition of the QPSK embodiment and shows a time-symbol relationship . (1701 )
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11 12
is a frame configuration when the modulation system of selects one of (701 ), ( 702 ), (703) or ( 704 ) in FIG . 7 above
information symbols is BPSK . ( 1702 ) is a frame configu or ( 1701) or ( 1702 ) in FIG . 17 as the optimal frame
ration when themodulation system of information symbols configuration .
is QPSK Then , frame configuration determination section 1601
The ranking of the frame configurations shown in FIG . 2 5 outputs the signals indicating the determined modulation
and FIG . 17 in descending order of resistance to fading system to quadrature baseband modulation section 102 .
speed is ( 1701), ( 1702 ), (203), (201 ), (204 ) and (202 ). Also , when the determined modulation system uses 8 or
Furthermore, the ranking in descending order of error resis more values, frame configuration determination section
tance is (1701 ), ( 1702 ), (203 ), (204 ), (201 ) and (202). On the 1601 determines the interval of inserting BPSK modulation
other hand , the ranking in descending order of data trans- 10 symbols based on the communication situation and outputs
mission efficiency on the receiving side is (202), (201 ), a signal indicating the determined interval of inserting the
( 204 ), ( 203 ), ( 1702 ) and (1701 ). BPSK nodulation symbols to BPSK symbol modulation
Frame configuration determination section 1601 selects section 602 and frame configuration section 104. Further
one of ( 201 ), (202), (203 ) or (204) in FIG . 2 of ( 1701 ) or more, when the determined modulation system is 8 fewer
( 1702 ) in FIG . 17 above as the optimal frame configuration 15 values, frame configuration determination section 1601 out
based on the transmission path information and the request puts a signal giving an instruction for stopping the genera
data transmission speed information . tion of BPSK modulation symbols to BPSK symbolmodu
FIG . 18 shows a signal point layout according to the lation section 602 .
BPSK modulation method on the in -phase 1- quadrature Q BPSK symbol modulation section 602 performs BPSK
plane and signal points 1801 are the signal points of BPSK 20 modulation on a transmission digital signal at the timing
symbols . indicated from frame configuration determination section
FIG . 19 shows a signal point layout according to the 1601and outputs the in -phase component and the quadrature
QPSK modulation method on the in -phase 1- quadrature Q component of the BPSK modulation symbols to frame
plane and signal points 1901 are the signal points of QPSX configuration section 104. However, when instructed to stop
symbols . 25 the generation of BPSK modulation symbols from frame
FIG . 20 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the configuration determination section 1601, BPSK symbol
reception apparatus according to this embodiment. In the modulation section 602 stops operation.
reception apparatus shown in FIG . 20 , the components Transmission path distortion estimation section 2001
common to those in the reception apparatus shown in FIG . receives the in -phase component and the quadrature com
5 are assigned the same reference numerals as those in FIG . 30 ponent of the quadrature baseband signal as inputs, esti
5 and their explanations will be omitted . mates the amount of transmission path distortion from the
In the reception apparatus in FIG . 20 , transmission path reception condition of the BPSK modulation symbols shown
distortion estimation section 2001 differs in the way of in FIG . 8 and FIG . 9 ve , the BPSK modulation symbols
operation from transmission path estimation section 503 in shown in FIG . 18 or the QPSK modulation symbols shown
FIG . 5 and detection section 2002 differs in the way of 35 in FIG . 19 and outputs the amount of transmission path
operation from detection section 504 in FIG . 5 . distortion to detection section 2002 .
Transmission path distortion estimation section 2001 Furthermore, in this embodiment, the transmission appa
receives the in - phase component and the quadrature com ratus in FIG . 16.can also have a configuration equipped with
ponent of the quadrature baseband signal as inputs , esti QPSK symbol modulation section 1102 shown in FIG . 11
mates the amount of transmission path distortion from the 40 instead of pilot symbol generation section 103 .
reception condition of the BPSK modulation symbol shown In this case, frame configuration determination section
in FIG . 18 or the QPSK modulation symbol shown in FIG . 1601 determines the modulation system of the transmission
19 and outputs the amount of transmission path distortion to digital signal based on the communication situation. For
detection section 2002 . example , frame configuration determination section 1601
Detection section 2002 receives the in -phase component 45 selects one of ( 1201 ), ( 1202 ), (1203 ) or (1204 ) in FIG . 12
and the quadrature component of the quadrature baseband above or ( 1701) or ( 1702 ) in FIG . 17 as the optimal frame
signal as inputs , detects information symbols based on the configuration.
amount of transmission path distortion and outputs a recep Then , frame configuration determination section 1601
tion digital signal. outputs a signal indicating the determined modulation sys
In this way, by changing the modulation system of infor- 50 tem to quadrature baseband modulation section 102. Also ,
mation symbols according to the communication situation when the determined modulation system uses 8 or more
such as fluctuations in the transmission path and the level of values, frame configuration determination section 1601
the reception signal, inserting a known pilot symbol when determines the interval of inserting QPSK modulation sym
the information symbolmodulation system is a multi-value bols based on the communication situation and outputs a
modulation system with 8 or more values and changing the 55 signal indicating the determined interval of inserting the
interval of inserting the above known pilot symbol accord QPSK symbols to QPSK symbol modulation section 1102
ing to the communication situation , it is possible to improve and frame configuration section 104. Also , when the deter
both the data transmission efficiency and the quality of data mined modulation system is 8 fewer values, frame configu
at the same time. ration determination section 1601 outputs a signal giving an
Here, in this embodiment, the transmission apparatus in 60 instruction for stopping the generation of QPSK modulation
FIG . 16 can also have a configuration equipped with BPSK symbols to QPSK symbol modulation section 1102.
symbol modulation section 602 shown in FIG . 6 instead of QPSK symbol modulation section 1102 performs QPSK
pilot symbol generation section 103. modulation on a transmission digital signal at the timing
In this case, frame configuration determination section indicated from frame configuration determination section
1601 determines the modulation system of the transmission 65 1601 and outputs the in -phase component and the quadrature
digital signal based on the communication situation . For component of the QPSK modulation symbols to frame
example, frame configuration determination section 1601 configuration section 104.However, when instructed to stop
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13 14
generating QPSK modulation symbols from frame configu Symbols before and after a pilot modulation section 2102
ration determination section 1601, QPSK symbol modula modulates on a transmission digital signal by predetermined
tion section 1102 stops operation. modulation system at the timing indicated from frame
Transmission path distortion estimation section 2001 configuration determination section 2101 and outputs the
receives the in -phase component and the quadrature com 5 in -phase component and the quadrature component of the
ponent of the quadrature baseband signal as inputs , esti symbols before and after a pilot to frame configuration
mates the amount of transmission path distortion from the section 104 .
reception condition of the QPSK modulation symbols FIG . 22 illustrates examples of a frame configuration of a
shown in FIG . 13 or FIG . 14 and the BPSK modulation signal transmitted from the transmission apparatus of this
symbols shown in FIG . 18 or the QPSK modulation symbol 10
shown in FIG . 19 and outputs the amount of transmission isembodiment and shows a time-symbol relationship. (2201)
a frame configuration when the modulation system of
path distortion to detection section 2002 . information symbols is 16QAM and a known pilot symbol
Here, this embodiment explains two kinds of the interval interval is N symbols . (2202 ) is a frame configuration when
of inserting a known pilot symbol, but the present invention
is not limited to this. Also , this embodiment explains two 15 and
the modulation
a known pilotsystem of interval
symbol information symbols. (is220316QAM
is 1 symbols ) is a
kinds of the multi -value modulation system with 8 or more
values of information symbols, 16QAM and the 8PSK frame configuration when the modulation system of infor
modulation , but the present invention is not limited to this . mation symbols is 8PSK modulation and a known pilot
Furthermore , this embodiment describes the frame con symbol interval is N symbols. ( 2204) is a frame configura
figurations in FIG . 2 , FIG . 7 , FIG . 12 and FIG . 17 but the 20 tion when the modulation system of information symbols is
present invention is not limited to these frame configura 8PSK modulation and a known pilot symbol interval is M
tions. symbols. Suppose N < M at this time.
Furthern the BPSK modulation method and the Signal point 2211 is 1 symbol immediately before the
QPSK modulation method of the modulation system of known pilot symbol when the information symbol modula
information symbols of the present invention are not limited 25 tion system is 16QAM and signal point 2212 is 1 symbol
to the signal point layouts shown in FIG . 18 and FIG . 19 but immediately after the known pilot symbol when the infor
/2 shift BPSK modulation or / 4 shift QPSK modulation mation symbol modulation system is 16QAM . Signal point
can also be used . 2213 is 1 symbol immediately before the known pilot
symbol when the information symbolmodulation system is
Embodiment 5 30 8PSK modulation and signal point 2214 is 1 symbol imme
diately after the known pilot symbol when the information
Embodiment 5 describes a digital radio communication symbol modulation system is 8PSK modulation .
method by which the interval of inserting a known pilot Frame configuration determination section 2101 selects
symbol, the number of signal points with one symbol one of (2201), (2202), ( 2203) or (2204 ) in FIG . 22 as the
immediately before and after a known pilot symbol (here- 35 optimal frame configuration based on the transmission path
inafter referred to as “ symbols before and after a pilot” ) and information and the request data transmission speed infor
signal point layout and the modulation system of informa mation .
tion symbols other than those symbols are changed . For example, in the case of high -speed fading, frame
FIG . 21 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the configuration determination section 2101 sacrifices data
transmission apparatus according to this embodiment. In the 40 transmission efficiency on the receiving side and selects a
transmission apparatus shown in FIG . 21, the components frame configuration of either ( 2201 ) or (2203) in FIG . 22 so
common to those in the transmission apparatus shown in that the interval of inserting a known pilot symbol becomes
FIG . 1 are assigned the same reference numerals as those narrower to prevent deterioration of the data demodulation
shown in FIG . 1 and their explanations will be omitted . error rate and maintain the quality of data . On the other
In the transmission apparatus in FIG . 21, frame configu- 45 hand , in the case of low -speed fading , frame configuration
ration determination section 2101 differs in the way of determination section 2101 selects a frame configuration of
operation from frame configuration determination section either (2202 ) or (2204 ) in FIG . 22 to widen the interval of
101 in FIG . 1. Furthermore , the transmission apparatus in inserting a known pilot symbol to improve the data trans
FIG . 21 adopts a configuration with symbols before and after mission efficiency.
a pilot modulation section 2102 added compared to FIG . 1. 50 Furthermore, when the level of the reception signal is
Frame configuration determination section 2101 deter large, frame configuration determination section 2101 gives
mines the interval of inserting a known pilot symbol and the priority to data transmission efficiency on the receiving side
modulation system of a transmission digital signal based on and selects a frame configuration of either (2201 ) or ( 2202 )
the communication situation . In this case , frame configura in FIG . 22 adopting 16QAM as the modulation system of
tion determination section 2101 uses different modulation 55 information symbols . On the other hand , when the level of
systems for symbols before and after a pilot and for other the reception signal is small , frame configuration determi
information symbols. nation section 2101 gives priority to increasing error resis
Then , frame configuration determination section 2101 tance while sacrificing data transmission efficiency on the
outputs a signal indicating the modulation system of sym receiving side and selects a frame configuration of either
bols before and after a pilot to symbols before and after a 60 (2203) or (22041 in FIG . 22 adopting 8PSK as the modu
pilot modulation section 2102 , outputs a signal indicating lation system of information symbols.
the modulation system of other information symbols to FIG . 23 shows a signal point layout according to the
quadrature baseband modulation section 102 and outputs a 16QAM modulation method on the in -phase I-quadrature Q
signal indicating the interval of inserting the determined plane and a signal point layout according to a known pilot
known pilot symbol to symbols before and after a pilot 65 symbol and a signal point layout of symbols before and after
modulation section 2102 and frame configuration section a pilot. Signal point 2301 is the signal point of a known pilot
104 . symbol, signal points 2302 are the signal points of 16QAM
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15 16
modulation symbols and signal points 2303 are the signal tion section 2101 outputs a signal giving an instruction for
points of symbols before and after a pilot. stopping the generation of pilot symbols to symbols before
FIG . 24 shows a signal point layout according to the and after a pilot modulation section 2102 and pilot symbol
8PSK modulation system on the in -phase l- quadrature Q generation section 103.
plane, a signal point layout of a known pilot symbol and a 5 Pilot symbol generation section 103 generates a pilot
signal point layout of symbols before and after a pilot. symbol known between the transmitting and receiving sides
Signal points 2401 , 2401 - A and 2401-B are the signal points and outputs the in -phase component and the quadrature
of 8PSK modulation symbols, 2401 - A is the signal point of component of the known pilot symbol to frame configura
the known pilot symbol, 2401 - A and 2401 -B are the signal tion section 104. However, when instructed to stop the
points of symbols before and after a pilot and straight line 10 generation of pilot symbols from frame configuration deter
2402 is the straight line formed by linking the signal point mination section 2101 , pilot symbol generation section 103
of the known pilot symbol and the origin on the in -phase stops operation.
I -quadrature plane. Symbols before and after a pilotmodulation section 2102
FIG . 25 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the performs BPSK -modulation or QPSK -modulation on a
reception apparatus according to this embodiment, In the 15 transmission digital signal at the timing indicated from
reception apparatus shown in FIG . 25 , the components frame configuration determination section 2101 and outputs
common to those in the reception apparatus shown in FIG . the in -phase component and the quadrature component of
5 are assigned the same reference numerals as those shown the symbols before and after a pilot to frame configuration
in FIG . 5 and their explanations will be omitted . section 104. However, when instructed to stop the genera
In the reception apparatus in FIG . 25, transmission path 20 tion of pilot symbols from frame configuration determina
estimation section 2501 differs in the way of operation from tion section 2101, symbols before and after a pilot modu
transmission path estimation section 503 and detection sec lation section 2102 stops operation.
tion 2502 differs in the way of operation from detection This allows the effect of Embodiment 4 to be attained in
section 504 in FIG . 5 . addition to the effect of this embodiment as described above.
Transmission path distortion estimation section 2501 25 Here , this embodiment describes two kinds of modulation
receives the in -phase component and the quadrature com system of information symbols, 16QAM and 8PSK modu
ponent of the quadrature baseband signal as inputs, extracts lation , but the present invention is not limited to this.
the signal of the known pilot symbol shown in FIG . 23 and Furthermore , this embodiment explains only the configu
FIG . 24 above , estimates the amount of transmission path ration of information symbols, a known pilot symbol, sym
distortion from the reception condition of the known pilot 30 bols before and after a pilot in FIG . 22 , but the frame
symbol and outputs the amount of transmission path distor configuration of the present invention is not limited to the
tion to detection section 2502 . frame configuration composed of only information symbols ,
Detection section 2502 receives the in - phase component a known pilot symbol, symbols before and after a pilot.
and the quadrature component of the quadrature baseband As described above, according to the present invention ,
signal as inputs, detects information symbols including 35 by changing the interval of inserting a known pilot symbol,
symbols before and after a pilot based on the amount of BPSK modulation symbols or QPSK modulation symbols
transmission path distortion and outputs a reception digital and the modulation system of information symbols accord
signal. ing to the communication situation of fluctuations in the
Thus, changing the interval of inserting a known pilot transmission path and the level of the reception signal, etc.,
symbol and the modulation system of information symbols 40 it is possible to improve both the data transmission efficiency
according to the communication situation such as fluctua and the quality of data at the same time.
tions in the transmission path and the level of the reception The present invention is not limited to the above
signal can improve both the data transmission efficiency and described embodiments, and various variations and modifi
the quality of data at the same time. cations may be possible without departing from the scope of
Furthermore , as shown in FIG . 23 and FIG . 24 , by 45 the present invention .
arranging two or more signal points before and after a pilot This application is based on the Japanese Patent. Appli
on the straight line formed by linking the origin and the cation No. HEI 11-213289 filed on Jul. 28 , 1999, entire
signal point of the known pilot symbol on the in -phase content of which is expressly incorporated by reference
I -quadrature Q plane, it is possible for the reception appa herein .
ratus in FIG . 25 to suppress deterioration of the estimation 50 The invention claimed is :
accuracy of reference phase and the amount of frequency 1. A radio communications apparatus comprising circuitry
offsetby the pilot symbol, even if symbol synchronization is configured to :
not established completely when a reference phase and the select a first modulation scheme from a plurality of
amount of frequency offset is estimated from the pilot signal. modulation schemes based on a communication situa
When detection section 116 performs detection , this allows 55 tion ;
the bit error rate characteristic based on the carrier-to - noise generate a first symbol using the selected first modulation
ratio to be improved . scheme, the first symbol comprising a first quadrature
Here, this embodiment can be combined with Embodi baseband signal;
ment 4 above . That is , when the determined modulation generate a second symbol comprising a pilot symbol
system uses 8 or more values, frame configuration determi- 60 using a phase shift keying ( PSK ) modulation scheme,
nation section 2101 in FIG . 21 determines the interval of the second symbol comprising a second quadrature
inserting a pilot symbol based on the communication situ baseband signal; and
ation and outputs a signal indicating the interval of inserting transmit a data signal comprising the first symbol and the
the determined pilot symbol to symbols before and after a second symbol.
pilot modulation section 2102 and frame configuration sec- 65 2. The radio communications apparatus according to
tion 104. Furthermore , when the determined modulation claim 1, wherein the plurality of modulation schemes
system uses 8 fewer values, frame configuration determina include M - ary modulation schemes of two or more kinds.
 US 10,498,571 B2
17 18
3. The radio communications apparatus according to generating a second symbol comprising a pilot symbol
claim 1, wherein the PSK modulation scheme is a binary using a phase shift keying (PSK ) modulation scheme,
phase shift keying (BPSK ) modulation or a quadrature phase the second symbol comprising a second quadrature
shift keying ( QPSK ) modulation . baseband signal; and
4. The radio communications apparatus according to 5 transmitting a data signal comprising the first symbol and
claim 1 ,wherein a first symbol sequence comprising the first the second symbol.
symbol is arranged on a time axis . 9. The radio communications method according to claim
8 , wherein the plurality of modulation schemes include
5. The radio communications apparatus according to M -ary modulation schemes of two or more kinds .
claim 4 , wherein a second symbol sequence comprising the 10
10. The radio communications method according to claim
second symbol is arranged on a time axis. 8 , wherein the PSK modulation scheme is a binary phase
6. The radio communications apparatus according to shift keying (BPSK ) modulation or a quadrature phase shift
claim 4 , wherein the circuitry of the radio communications keying (QPSK ) modulation .
apparatus is further configured to change an insertion inter 11. The radio communicationsmethod according to claim
val of the second symbol in the first symbol sequence to 15 8 , wherein a first symbol sequence comprising the first
generate the firstmodulation signal. symbol is arranged on a time axis .
7. The radio communications apparatus according to 11,12.wherein The radio communicationsmethod according to claim
a second symbol sequence comprising the
claim 1 , wherein the second modulation scheme is selected second symbol is arranged on a time axis .
based on a condition of a transmission path of the second 13. The radio communications method according to claim
modulation signal. 20 11, further comprising changing an insertion interval of the
8. A radio communications method comprising : second symbol in the first symbol sequence to generate the
selecting a first modulation scheme from a plurality of first modulation signal.
modulation schemes based on a communication situa 14. The radio communicationsmethod according to claim
tion ; 8 , further comprising selecting the second modulation
generating a first symbolusing the selected first modula- 25 second
schememodulation
based on a signal
condition
.
of a transmission path of the
tion scheme, the first symbol comprising a first quadra
ture baseband signal;