Question 1.

Is zero a rational number? Can you write it in the form p/q, where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0?
Solution:
Yes, write 0/1(where 0 and 1 are integers and q = 1 which is not equal to zero).

Question 2.
Find six rational numbers between 3 and 4.
Solution:
There can be infinitely many rationals between 3 and 4, one way is

Question 3.
Find five rational numbers between 3/5 and 4/5.
Solution:

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Question 4.
State whether the following statements are true or false. Give reasons for your answers. ‘
(i) Every natural number is a whole number.
(ii) Every integer is a whole number.
(iii) Every rational number is a whole number.
Solution:
(i) True, because natural numbers are 1, 2, 3, 4 ……….∞ and whole
numbers are 0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ……..,∞
or
The collection of whole numbers contain all the natural numbers.
(ii) False (∵ negative integers are not included in the list of whole numbers.)
(iii) False [∵ 1/3, 6/7, 10/19 )are not whole numbers.

Question 1.
State whether the following statements are true or false. Justify your answers.
(i) Every irrational number is a real number.
(ii) Every point on the number line is of the form √m , where m is a natural number.
(iii) Every real number is an irrational number.
Solution:
(i) True (∵ Real numbers = Rational numbers + Irrational numbers.)
(ii) False (∵ no negative number can be the square root of any natural number.)
(iii) False (∵ rational numbers are also present in the set of real numbers.)

Question 2.
Are the square roots of all positive integers irrational? If not, give an example of the square root of a number
that is a rational number.
Solution:
No, the square roots of all positive integers are not irrational.
e.g., √l6 = 4
Here, ‘4’ is a rational number.

Question 3.
Show how √5 can be represented on the number line.
Solution:

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Now, take O as centre OP = √5 as radius, draw an arc, which intersects the line at point R. .
Hence, the point R represents √5.

Question 4.
Classroom activity (constructing the ‘square root spiral’).
Solution:
Take a large sheet of paper and construct the ‘square root spiral’ in the following fashion. Start with a point O and
draw a line segment OP1, of unit lengths Draw a line segment P1, P2 perpendicular to OP1 of unit length (see figure).

Now, draw a line segment P2P3 perpendicular to OP2. Then draw a line segment P3P4 perpendicular to OP3. Continuing
in this manner, you can get the line segment Pn-1 Pn by drawing a line segment of unit length perpendicular to
OPn-1. In this manner, you will have created the points P2, P3,…… Pn,….. and
joined them to create a beautiful spiral depicting √2,√3,√4,……

Question 1.
Write the following in decimal form and say what kind of decimal expansion each has

Solution:

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Question 2.
You know that 1/7 = 0.142857¯. Can you predict
what the decimal expansions
of 2/7 , 13/7 , 4/7 , 5/7 , 6/7 are , without actually
doing the long division? If so, how?
Solution:
(100 x – 10x)=(47.777….)-(4.777…)
90x =43
⇒ x = 43/90
(iii) Let x = 0.001¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯= 0.001001001… …(vI)
Multiplying Eq. (vi) by (1000), we get
1000x = 1.001001001… .. .(vii)
On subtracting Eq. (vii) by Eq. (vi), we get
(1000x—x)=(1.001001001….) – (0.001001001……)
999x = 1
⇒ x = 1/999

Question 4.
Express 0.99999… in the form p/q Are you
surprised by your answer? With your teacher and
classmates discuss why the answer makes sense.
Solution:
Let x = 0.99999… ………..(i)
Multiplying Eq. (i) by 10, we get
10x = 9.99999… …(ii)
On subtracting Eq. (ii) by Eq. (i), we get
(10 x – x) = (9.99999..) – (0.99999…)
9x = 9
⇒ x = 99
x=1

Question 5.
What can the maximum number of digits be in the
repeating block of digits in the decimal expansion
of 1/17? Perform the division to check your
answer.
Solution:
The maximum number of digits in the repeating block
of digits in the decimal expansion of 1/17 is 17-1 = 16
we have,

Question 3.
Express the following in the form p/q where p and
q are integers and q ≠ 0.
(i) 0.6¯
(ii) 0.47¯
(iii) 0.001¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
Solution:
(i)Let x= 0.6¯ = 0.666… ….(i)
Multiplying Eq. (i) by 10, we get
10x = 6.666.. ….(ii)
On subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i), we get
(10x- x)=(6.666…) – (0.666…)
9x = 6
x= 6/9
⇒ x=2/3

(ii) Let x = 0.47¯ = 0.4777… …(iii)

Multiplying Eq. (iii) by 10. we get
10x = 4.777… . …(iv)
Multiptying Eq. (iv) by 10, we get
100x = 47.777 ….. (v)
On subtracting Eq. (v) from Eq. (iv), we get

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 Question 7.
Write three numbers whose decimal expansions are
non-terminating non-recurring.
Solution:
0.74074007400074000074…
0.6650665006650006650000…
0.70700700070000…

Question 8.
Find three different irrational numbers between
the rational numbers 5/7 and 9/11 .
Solution:
To find irrational numbers, firstly we shall divide 5 by
7 and 9 by 11,
so,
Thus,1/17 =
0.0588235294117647…..,¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯a block of 16-digits is repeated.

Question 6.
Look at several examples of rational numbers in
the form p/q (q≠ 0). Where, p and q are integers
with no common factors other that 1 and having
terminating decimal representations (expansions).
Can you guess what property q must satisfy?
Solution:
Consider many rational numbers in the form p/q (q≠
0). where p and q are integers with no common factors
other that 1 and having terminating decimal
representations.
Let the various such rational numbers
be 1/2, 1/4, 5/8, 36/25, 7/125, 19/20, 29/16 etc.
In all cases, we think of the natural number which
when multiplied by their respective denominators
gives 10 or a power of 10.

From the above, we find that the decimal expansion of

above numbers are terminating. Along with we see that
the denominator of above numbers are in the form 2m Question 9.
x 5n, where m and n are natural numbers. So, the Classify the following numbers as rational or
decimal representation of rational numbers can be irrational
represented as a terminating decimal.

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 (iii) 0.3796 = rational (terminating.)
(iv) 7.478478… =7.478¯ = rational (non-terminating
repeating.)
Solution:
(v) 1.101001000100001… = irrational (non-
(i) √23 (irrational ∵ it is not a perfect square.)
terminating non-repeating.)
(ii) √225 = 15 (rational) (whole number.)

Question 1.
Visualise 3.765 on the number line, using successive magnification.
Solution:
We know that, 3.765 lies between 3 and 4. So, let us divide the part of the number line between 3 and 4 into 10 equal
parts and look at the portion between 3.7 and 3.8 through a magnifying glass. Now 3.765 lies between 3.7 and 3.8
[Fig. (i)]. Now, we imagine to divide this again into ten equal parts. The first mark will represent 3.71, the next 3.72
and soon. To see this clearly,we magnify this as shown in [Fig. (ii)].
Again 3.765 lies between 3.76 and 3.77 [Fig. (ii)]. So, let us focus on this portion of the number line [Fig. (iii)] and
imagine to divide it again into ten equal parts [Fig. (iii)]. Here, we can visualise that 3.761 is the first mark and 3.765
is the 5th mark .in these subdivisions. We call this process of visualisation of representation of numbers on the number
line through a magnifying glass as the process of successive magnification.
So, we get seen that it is possible by sufficient successive magnifications of visualise the position (or representation)
of a real number with a terminating decimal expansion on the number line.

Question 2.
Visualise 4.26¯ on the number line, upto 4 decimal places.
Solution:
We adopt process by successive magnification and successively decreasethe lengths of the portion of the number line
in which 4.26¯ is located. Since 4.26¯ is located between 4 and 5 and is divided into 10 equal parts [Fig. (i)]. In
further, we locate 4.26between 4.2 and 4.3 [Fig. (ii)].
To get more accurate visualisation of the representation, we divide this portion into 10 equal parts and use a
magnifying glass to visualise that 4.26¯ lies between 4.26 and 4.27. To visualise 4.26¯ more clearly we divide again
between 4.26 and 4.27 into 10 equal parts and visualise the repsentation of 4.26¯ between 4.262 and 4.263 [Fig. (iii)].

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Now, for a much better visualisation between 4.262 and 4.263 is agin divided into 10 equal parts [Fig. (iv)]. Notice
that 4.26¯ is located closer to 4.263 then to 4.262 at 4.2627.

Remark: We can adopt the process endlessly in this manner and simultaneously imagining the decrease in the length
of the number line in which 4.26¯ is located.

Question 1.
Classify the following numbers as rational or irrational.

Solution:
(i) Irrational ∵ 2 is a rational number and √5 is an irrational number.
∴ 2.√5 is an irrational number.
(∵The difference of a rational number and an irrational number is irrational)
(ii) 3 + √23 – √23 = 3 (rational)

(iii) (rational)
(iv) 1/√2(irrational) ∵ 1 ≠ 0 is a rational number and 2–√≠ 0 is an irrational number.
∴ 1/√2 is an irrational number. 42
(∵ The quotient of a non-zero rational number with an irrational number is irrational).
(v) 2π (irrational) ∵ 2 is a rational number and π is an irrational number.
∴ 2x is an irrational number. ( ∵The product of a non-zero rational number with an irrational number is an irrational)

Question 2.
Simplify each of the following expressions

Solution:

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Question 3.
Recall, π is defined as the ratio of the circumference (say c) of a circle to its diameter (say d). That is π = c/d.
This seems to contradict the fact that n is irrational. How will you resolve this contradiction?
Solution:
Actually c/d = 22/7, which is an approximate value of π.

Question 4.
Represent √9.3 on the number line.
Solution:
Firstly we draw AB = 9.3 units. Now, from S, mark a distance of 1 unit. Let this point be C. Let O be the mid-point of
AC. Now, draw semi – circle with centre O and radius OA. Let us draw a line perpendicular to AC passing through
point B and intersecting the semi-circle at point D.

∴ The distance BD = √9.3

Draw an arc with centre B and radius BD, which intersects the number line at point E, then the point E
represents √9.3 .

Question 5.
Rationalise the denominator of the following

Solution:

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Question 1.
Find:

Solution:

Question 2.
Find:

Solution:

Question 3.
Simplify:

Solution:

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