National College Of Nursing ,Barwala

Hisar
Clinical -
teaching

Subject – Nursing education

Submitted To :- Submitted By
Ms. Amandeep kaur Ms. Anand Bhawna
Nursing Lecturer Msc Nursing Ist Year
Msc obst.& gyanacology Roll No.2
 Introduction
• Learning is not a spectator sport. Students do not learn much by
just sitting in class listening to teachers, memorizing prepackaged
assignments, and spitting out answers. They must talk about what
they are learning and relate it to live examples.

• “Students learn what they care about and remember what they
understand.”

Ericksen,1984

• “When students are actively involved in learning they learn

more than when they are passive recipients of instruction.”

Cross, 1987

 Nursing education is a practice discipline, the students will learn

the subject matter by doing the things and practicing the skills.

 Nursing is an art and science.

Involves human lives, so training and experience should be supported

by good clinical teaching

Purposes of clinical nursing :-

 To develop high technical competent skills.

 To practice various procedures.

 To provide individualized care in a systematic holistic approach.

 To maintain high standards of nursing practice

 To develop cognitive, affective, psychomotor skills

  To help in integration of theoretical knowledge into practice

 To develop cognitive, affective, psychomotor skills

 To help in integration of theoretical knowledge into practice

 Communication skills and IPR

 To encounter reality in the practice and practice activities

described in the course objectives.

OUALITIES OF A CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR -

• Expert in clinical nursing

• Good communication skills

• Confident

• Should possess adequate theoretical knowledge

• Able to implement knowledge into practice.

• SupPleasing personality

• Good working relations

• Good team spirit

• Listener

• porter

• competent

list of clinical teaching :-

1. Case method:
  Case study

 Case analysis

 Case incident

2. Bed side clinic

3. Nursing rounds

4. Nursing care plan

5. Process recording

6. Clinical conferences

CASE METHOD :-

 Originated many centuries ago when Hippocrates used it as a

method of teaching medicine.
 Florence Nightingale used a modification of case study.

DEFINITION
Case-based teaching is a technique well suited to the graduate
and post-graduate health sciences curriculum. It provides the
learner an opportunity to integrate and apply core knowledge,
build critical thinking skills, and implement clinical skills within
a safe and facilitated learning environment.

CASE STUDY :-
Definition : The case study describes the life history of an
individual or all of the factors which affect a situation. It tries to
give as much breadth and depth of an individual or situation as
possible.
 Nursing case study :-

Places emphasis on actual nursing care of the patient and

therefore referred to as nursing care study. Comprehensive
study is made of the individual patient to bring about full
understanding of the needed nursing care.

Value of nursing case study :-

• Stimulates critical and reflective thinking

• The student learns the scientific method of approaching a problem
• Provides opportunity for student to solve nursing problems
• Acquaints the student with professional literature
• Helps the student to integrate knowledge of various subjects
• The student learns to see the patient as an individual

Principles to follows for case study :-

• Emphasis should be on the individual needs of the Patient

• Take sufficient time to study the Patient
• Reffer sufficient material
• Have frequent clinical conferences.

Feature of case study method :-

• Comprehensive assessment of the client

• Application of previously learned knowledge and skills
Making judgements is as simple or as complex as patient
selected.
• The first part of the case study is concerned with the information
and the facts about the patient.
• The second part takes in the responsibilities and the activities with
which the student will be concerned in giving complete nursing
care to the patient.
 Form and presentation of case study :

 Written care study

 Oral care study.

Written care study -

ADVANTAGES

• Individual assessment of the student

• Self expression in writing
• Experience in organizing and writing a paper in scientific way
• Source for future reference.

DISADVANTAGES :-

• Leaves no opportunity to branch out and incorporate new ideas

once the study is completed
• Time consuming to rewrite into an acceptable form

ORAL NURSING CARE STUDY :-

ADVANTAGES

• Directs student’s thinking into new channels

• Better personal understanding and relationship
• Time saving
• Opportunity for public speaking experience
• Thrill of achievement
 DISADVANTAGES ;-

• No opportunity for writing and other creative expression

• No record

CASE ANALYSIS METHOD : -

DEFINITION:

The method of teaching and learning in which a concrete case is

presented for analysis and discussion by a group of students.

Teaching For Effective Case Stduy

Establishment of atmosphere

 Permissive and non authoritarian atmosphere

 The instructor should minimize his/her own contribution to the
discussion but will pinpoint dilemmas.
 Pinpointing positive points first

Student Preprations -

• Written guide

• Step by step analysis beforehand

• Choosing an appropriate frame of reference

• Classifying the elements in the case (persons, relationships,

customs etc)

• Relating the elements to one another

• Examining critically the concepts

• Applying the knowledge and understanding gained .

DISSCUSSION :-

Discussion is influenced by : -

• Background of knowledge

• Skills and experiences

• Identification and projection .

FEATURE OF CASE STUDY ANALYSIS:-

• Students learn from each other.

• Take responsibility for their own learning.

• Prepares extensively and thoroughly.

• Students are responsible for their own conclusion .

ROLE OF TEACHER :-

• Careful study of the technique involved.

• Extensive exploration of case histories.

• Careful preparation of group participants.

ROLE OF STUDENT :-

Possesses sufficient depth of understanding and the theoretical

background necessary for analyzing the client situation.
ADVANTAGES OF CASE ANALYSIS :-

• Interrelationship of multiple phenomenon.

• Enlarges own knowledge base.

• Skills in problem solving and critical thinking.

• Multiple approaches to problems and their comparison.

• Supporting rationale for decisions made.

• Organization of ideas in written form .

DISADVANTAGES :-

• Covers limited group of students

• Sometimes puts the patient in a different situation

• Narrow limits of utilization .

CASE INCIDENCE METHOD :-

 Modification of case analysis method

 Describes very briefly a critical or crucial situation.

FEATURE OF CASE INCIDENT METHOD :-

• Focuses on one problem or issue.

• Less complex.

• Variety of cases can be used to illustrate different or similar

incidents.

5 STEPS PROCEDURE FOR CASE INCIDENT :-

1) Study an incident.

2) Gather and Organize information on the case as a whole.

3) Formulate an issue for decision and action.

4) Make decision with reasoning.

5) Reflecting on the case as a whole .

BED SIDE CLINICS :-

• Utilizes the presence of a selected patient as its focus for group

discussion

• The group visits the client or the client may be brought to the
conference room during the discussion

• Useful when some members of the group are unfamiliar with the
client or when there are special observations which need to be
discussed in more meaningful way .

STEPS OF COUMDUCTING BED SIDE CLINICS :-

1 PLANNING

Determine the clinic.

Select a Patient.

Secure the patient’s consent.

2) CONDUCTING BED SIDE CLINIC

Conducted in ward or adjacent area..

Comfort of patient.
 Clinic lasts for 30min.

Number of students not to exceed 10-15 .

PHASES OF DISCUSSION IN BED SIDE CLINICS :-

o Introduction Phase.
o Patient Centered Discussion.
o Post Clinic Evaluation .

Thanks..