Sub - Nursing Education

Assignment on Distance Education in Nursing

Submitted To: Submitted By:

Ms Monalisha kamini

Nursing Lecturer Msc (N) 1st yr

PIPRAMS PIPRAMS

Submitted on : 19/April/2021
 INTRODUCTION

As a result of technological , distance education for nurses is flourishing in 21 st Century . The

technological advancements refined the educational system and approaches . Distance education act as
blessing to all nurses to continue their education and update their skills in their work settings with
limited costs , which directly benefitted quality of patient care and health care system as whole

DEFINITION

Distance education is defined as planned learning that occurs in different place from teaching
,requiring real time or delayed interactive technology and a needing a course design supportive of
students .
-Escoffery , Miner and Alperin 2003.

OR

Distance education means that the teacher and the learner are separated from one another and also
from traditional class room settings .

- young

HISTORICAL CHANGES

. 360BC – Plato introduced ‘’ Written Word ‘’ which enable the students to experience and interpret
the words without facing teacher .

. Middle age - Industrial revolution lead to technology sound learning modalities which increased the
opportunities for teaching outside class room . Establishment of postal services had greater influence in
delivery of education at distance .

. 1873 – Home based studies delivered via radio.

. 1892 – Pennsylvania university started distance education programme via postal services.

. 1950-60 – Correspondence courses delivered via text book, multi – media , radio and TV.

. 1961 – The first school of correspondence courses was started by the university of Delhi in 1962.

. 1990- IGNOU started offering PBBSC N ursing courses through open and distance mode . The
programme recognized by INC.

.1992- Distance Educational Council established .

. 1995- In India , Enrollment of 200,000 students in open and distance learning , accounting for 3
percent of total higher education enrollment.
. 2005 – 2014 – Establishment of State owned open universities .

. 2014 – Distance Education Bill passed

OBJECTIVES OF DISTANCE EDUCATION COURSES

 . ‘’ To provide an efficient and less expensive method of educational instruction at higher level
in the context of national development of India .

 . To provide facilities to persue higher education to all qualified and willing persons who had
failed.
 To join regular university courses due to personal and economic reasons or because of their
inability to get admission to a regular college , and

 To provide opportunities of academic pursuits to educated citizens through correspondence

instruction without disturbing their present employment.

CHARACTERISTICS

1 The quasi experimental separation of teacher and learner throughout the length of learning process .

2 The influence of an educational organization both in planning and prepration of learning materials
and in the provision of student support services , this distinguishes it from private study and teach
yourself programme .

3 The use of technical media ; print , audio, vedio or computer , to unite teachers and learners and carry
the content of the course .

4 Education in real life settings.

5 Student centered.

6. Indirect education .

7 Flexible approach.

8 Independence to adult learner / learner’s autonomy

BENEFITS OF DISTANCE EDUCATION

1.Balancing inequalities between age groups.

2. Providing speedy and efficient training for key target groups

3. Expanding the capacity for education in new and multidisciplinary subject areas .

4. Developing multiple competencies through recurrent and continuing education ; enhancing the
international dimension of educational experience .
5 . Improving the quality of existing educational services .

6. To respond effectively to be growing demand of working adults or any others who have difficulties
in getting training in conventional education .

7. To provide an opportunities for the empowerment of those most disadvantaged by existing provision
, the unemployed , the disabled , women and minority.

TAYLOR’S MODELS OF DISTANCE EDUCATION

Taylor’s proposed five generations of distance education models;

FIRST GENERATION ; CORRESPONDENCE MODEL

. Faculty and students need not to be in same place at the same time for the purpose of learning .

. The main disadvantage of this model is interactivity , costs in preparing and printing and lack of
immediate feedback. This model is popular all over the world 1980 – 1990 .

SECOND GENERATION ; MULTIMEDIA MODEL

. The multimedia model supplements print materials with audiotape and vediotape , computer based
learning and interactive vedio .

. These model partly encourages interaction and flexibility of time , place and pace for both teacher
and learner.

. The main disadvantages of this model is cost in preparing and printing , and lack of immediate
feedback.

THIRD GENERATION ; TELELEARNING MODEL

. In this model , real time two way communication takes place between student and teacher

. it ensures advances interactive delivery .

. One of the disadvantages of this model is that the students and teacher requires assembling at same
time and same place for effective learning

FOURTH JENERATION ; FLEXIBLE LEARNING MODEL

This model is referred as technology mediated flexible learning . This model uses all forms of
technology such as internet , multimedia, print and computer based instruction . Advantages ;

1 Flexibility to time, place and pace.

2 Highly refined instructional material.

3 Interactive delivery

4 Limited costs

FIFTH GENERATION ; INTELLECTUAL FLEXIBLE

LEARNING MODEL

1 It incorporates use of all technologies in the previous model, with the addition of automated
response systems for computer mediated communication and campus portal access of resources .

2 This model has similar advantages of fourth generation model .

APPROACHES OF DISTANCE EDUCATION

1 Synchronous Approach

2 Asynchronous Approach

SYNCHRONOUS APPROACH

The participants in the same space at the same time in order to attend to the material of teaching .
all the students should assemble before the TV or broadcast to receive instructional material .
It is more closure to traditional classroom.

ADVANTAGES

1 Lecture and lesson are delivered at same time to distant places , which ensures uniformity in delivery
system

2 Enhances Group building

3 Facilitating Brain Storming and decision making .

4 Co operative learning .

5 Promotes skill in discussion among learner

6 Feeling of social isolation is reduced.

DISADVANTAGES
1 Scheduling same time to multiple participants would be difficult .

2 Requirement of greater financial and personnel resources .

3 Understanding would make difficult to prepare contents.

4 Cannot be suitable for learners from different time zones.

ASYNCHRONOUS APPROACH

The instruction is delivered at different points of time usually recorded videos , print materials etc .
Learners have freedom to receive the instruction at their own time , space and pace .

ADVANTAGES

1 It does not require the participants share the time or space to contribute to or benefit from
instructions .

1 Tailored to individual need and meeting individual differences .

2 Suitable to all learners living different time zones.

3 Individual can read and understand the content at his own pace .

Recorded lectures and printed text materials will be viewed number of times which enhances retention
of learning

Certificate Courses

1 Certificate in Newborn and infant

Nursing

2 Certificate in Maternal and Child Health

Nursing

3 Certificate in Home Based Health care

4 Certificate in Health care Waste

Management.

DIPLOMA COURSES

1. Diploma in Nursing Administration

2. Diploma in Critical Care Nursing

 BACHELOR’S DEGREE COURSES

1. B.SC Nursing [Post Basic]

PG DIPLOMA COURSES

1. PG Diploma in HIV Medicine

2. PG Diploma in Hospital and Health

3. PG Diploma in Maternal and Child health

4. PG Diploma in Geriatic Medical
DOCTORAL DEGREE COURSES

1 PhD in Nursing

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EFFECTIVE LEARNING IN DISTANCE MODE

1. Provide courses materials to the remote site well in advance of the class .

2. Use graphic experts to aid in the design of materials specifically for this medium.

3. Present an early class at remote site to meet students ‘’ face to face’’ . have an offsite facilitator at
each class.

4. Begin and end classes by letting students ask questions and voice concerns.

5. Encorage interaction by using discussion , debates , and / or case studies .

6. Have on line office hours

7. Train instructors to use the technology effectively prior to use .

8. Be sure the system technician understands your needs before class begins . have technical support
available at all times and all sites .Have a plan and contact numbers for technical failure.

CHALLENGES AND ISSUES IN DISTANCE EDUCATION IN NURSING

1. Socio economic factors ; There is huge divide between urban and rural area in terms of
technology development . Thus affects delivery system in distance education .

2. Technological challenges ; In the era of scientific explosion , choosing a appropriate method

fitting to all learner need still be challenges to institution often distance education program
however ,
 3. Learner with disabilities ; Use of technology and modalities to suit the all type of
disabilities is still a challenges .

4. Language barrier and diverse cultural patterns

5. Faculty workload
6. Incentives and recognition of faculty and students

7. Intellectual property and patient issues.

8. Imparting skill and values

9. Gender issues

10. Recognition and accreditation

CONCLUSION

Since from the inception , Distance education programme in nursing remain controversial in India.
Although welcomed by many nurses , accreditation and recognition issues relating to this programme
leading to slow progress .

BIBLIOGRAPHY

 . Basavanthappa BT;, ‘’Nursing Education ‘’, Published by Jaypee Publisher; edition 1st .
 . Neeraja KP;’ Textbook of Nursing communication and Education Technology for Nurses’’ ,
published by Jaypee Publisher , edition 1st .