MEASURES OF

LOCATION
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Ungrouped Data
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Quantiles

Used to locate the relative Decile - divides the entire set

position of a data value in a of data into 10 equal parts.
data set Notation:𝐷𝑘 − 𝐷1 , 𝐷2 , 𝐷3 , … , 𝐷9

Percentile – divides the Quartile – divides the entire

entire set of data into 100 set of data into 4 equal parts.
equal parts. Notation Notation:𝑄𝑘 − 𝑄1 , 𝑄2 , 𝑄3
𝑃𝑘 − 𝑃1 , 𝑃2 , 𝑃3 , … , 𝑃99
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PERCENTILE

Formula:
𝑛𝑘
𝑃𝑘 =
100
𝑛𝑘
if 100 integer then
𝑋 𝑛𝑘 +𝑋 𝑛𝑘
+1
100 100
𝑃𝑘 =
2
if not
𝑃𝑘 = 𝑋 𝐶
𝑛𝑘
where c is the closest integer greater than 100 .
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Example:

Set A: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 28, 29, 30

(find 𝑃40 𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑃75 )
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DECILE

Formula:
𝑘 𝑛+1
𝐷𝑘 = =𝑊+𝐹
10
where W integer part and F fraction part of the
answer, then
𝐷𝑘 = 1 − 𝐹 𝑋𝑤 + 𝐹 𝑋𝑤+1

𝑋𝑤 is the value on the 𝑤 𝑡ℎ position

𝑋𝑤+1 is the value on the 𝑤 + 1 𝑡ℎ
position
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Example:
Set A: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 8,
12, 13, 14, 15, 28, 29, 30
(find 𝐷3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷8 )
Set B: 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 12, 13,
14, 15, 28, 29, 30 (find
𝐷3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷8 )
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QUARTILE

Formula:
𝑄1 - median of the first half excluding the
median

𝑄2 -median of the entire set of data

𝑄3 -median of the second half excluding the

median
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Example:

Set A: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 8, Set B: 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 12, 13,

12, 13, 14, 15, 28, 29, 30 14, 15, 28, 29, 30 (findfind
(find 𝑄1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄3 ) 𝑄1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄3 )
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Grouped Data
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Formula

▸ Percentile ▸ 𝑘𝑛
- location of the percentile
𝑘𝑛 100
−𝑐𝑓𝐵
▹ 𝑃𝑘 = 𝐶𝐵𝐿 + 100
∗𝑖 class (decile and quartile)
𝑓𝑐
▸ Decile
▸ 𝐶𝐵𝐿 - lower class boundary of
𝑘𝑛 percentile/ decile/ quartile
−𝑐𝑓𝐵
▹ 𝐷𝑘 = 𝐶𝐵𝐿 + 10
∗𝑖 class
𝑓𝑐
▸ Quartile
▸ 𝑐𝑓𝐵 - cumulative frequency
𝑘𝑛 before PDQ class
−𝑐𝑓𝐵
▹ 𝑄𝑘 = 𝐶𝐵𝐿 + 4
𝑓𝑐
∗𝑖 ▸ 𝑓𝑐 - class frequency of PDQ
▸ 𝑖 - interval
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Class Cumulative
Class
Frequency (f) boundary frequency (cf)
(x)
(CB) Less than
7–9 8 6.5 - 9.5 8
10 – 12 5 9.5 - 12.5 13
13 – 15 14 12.5 - 15.5 27
16 – 18 17 15.5 - 18.5 44
19 – 21 6 18.5 - 21.5 50

𝒏 = ෍ 𝒇 = 𝟓𝟎
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Class Cumulative
Class
Frequency (f) boundary frequency (cf)
(x)
(CB) Less than
7–9 8 6.5 - 9.5 8
10 – 12 5 9.5 - 12.5 13
13 – 15 14 12.5 - 15.5 27
16 – 18 17 15.5 - 18.5 44
19 – 21 6 18.5 - 21.5 50

𝒏 = ෍ 𝒇 = 𝟓𝟎
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Class Cumulative
Class
Frequency (f) boundary frequency (cf)
(x)
(CB) Less than
7–9 8 6.5 - 9.5 8
10 – 12 5 9.5 - 12.5 13
13 – 15 14 12.5 - 15.5 27
16 – 18 17 15.5 - 18.5 44
19 – 21 6 18.5 - 21.5 50

𝒏 = ෍ 𝒇 = 𝟓𝟎