Contemporary World

A.Y 2020-2021

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

GLOBALIZATION CONCEPT MAP

 Globalization Concept Map

GLOBALIZATION

Cause and Advantages

Effect and
Disadvantages

Examples of
Causes Effects
Globalization Advantages Disadvantages

1. Improved 1. Changed
Communications 1. International
Food Supply Economic Globalization 1. Increasing
relations development
economic
2. Improved 2. Division of Financial Globalization 2. Benefits of large- inequality
Transport Labour scale operations
Cultural Globalization 2. Creation of
3. Free Trade 3. Less Job 3. The geographical unequal
Agreements Security division of labor and
Political Globalization competition
specialization
4. Global 4. Damage to
Sociological Globalization 3. Disadvantages
Banking the 4. Global image
of the education
Environment development
5. The Growth Technological system
of MNCs 5. Cultural Globalization 5. Transfer of
Geographic Globalization knowledge, skills, and 4. Confidentiality
(Multinational Impact
experience is difficult to
Corporations)
6. Increase in Ecological Globalization protect
6. Creating Free Trade
anti- Opportunities 5. Cultural Crisis
Globalization
Protests 7. Reducing
international conflict
What is Globalization?

A simple meaning of Globalization according to (Globalization: Definition, 2020) is

Globalization involves the acceleration of movements and transactions all over the world (of
human beings, products and services, money, technology or cultural practices). One of the
implications of globalization is that it encourages and strengthens exchanges across the globe
between diverse regions and communities. Globalization also has examples, cause/effect, and
advantages/disadvantages which you can see in this document.

Examples of Globalization:

(Globalization: Definition, 2020) stated that there are various examples of globalization such as;
(1) Economic Globalization that refers to the growth of exchange frameworks among
transnational actors including enterprises, corporations, or NGOs due to the movement of goods,
service, technology, and other commodities through different country. (2) Financial
Globalization can be related to the growth of international financial markets and monetary
exchanges as a global financial system. One of the perfect example for the financially linked
global environment are the stock markets, it is because of the fact that once a stock market falls,
it adversely affects the other markets just as the economy in general. (3) Cultural Globalization
refers to the interpenetration of cultures, which, as a result, implies that nations adopt other
nations' values, ideologies, and costumes, sacrificing a special, globalized supra-culture to their
own unique culture. (4) Political Globalization refers to the rise and increasing presence of
international organizations such as the UN (United Nations) or the WHO (World Health
Organization) means that international government action takes place. (5) Sociological
Globalization is the knowledge or information, along with the interconnection and
interdependence of events and their consequences, moves almost in real-time. Citizens still travel
all the time, combining and merging various societies. (6) Technological Globalization refers to
the phenomenon in which millions of people became interconnected through different media
platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Skype or YouTube, thanks to the power of the
digital world. (7) Geographic Globalization is the latest organization and hierarchy that is
continually evolving in various regions of the world. In addition, with transportation and flying
made so simple and inexpensive, it is possible to travel the world without hardly any restrictions,
aside from a few countries with demanding visas. Lastly, (8) Ecological Globalization refers to
the accounts for the concept of seeing planet Earth as a single global body, because the weather
affects all and we are all protected by the same climate, a collective benefit all societies can
protect. In this respect, the poorest nations that have polluted the least are also said to suffer the
most from climate change.

Causes and Effects of Globalization:

Connor (2014) states that Globalization has different causes such as; (1) It Improves the
Communication technologies like the web, email, cellular phones which had been essential to the
development of globalization since they assist MNCs (Multinational Corporations) with working
all through the world. The improvement of satellite TV stations, for example, Sky and CNN have
additionally given overall advertising roads to the idea and results of globalization. (2) It
Improves the Transportation such as the refrigerated and container transport, bulk shipping and
enhanced air transport has facilitated the worldwide fast mass transportation of goods.
Globalization is supported by this. (3) Free Trade Agreements has long been promoted by MNCs
and wealthy capitalist countries as a means of growing their own prosperity and power. Free
trading is also encouraged by foreign organizations such as the World Trade Organization and
the IMF. (4) Global Banking and modern communication technologies allow vast amounts of
capital to flow freely and instantly throughout the world. The equivalent of up to $US1.3 trillion
is traded each day through international stock exchanges in cities such as New York, London and
Tokyo. Also, (5) the exponential Growth of Major MNCs such as Microsoft, McDonalds and
Nike are source of globalization as well as a result. A big aspect of globalization is the
investment of MNCs in fields, mines and factories around the globe. Globalization encourages
MNCs around the world to manufacture goods and services and to market products on a massive
scale. On the other hand, Connor (2014) states that Globalization also has different effects to us
such as; (1) It Changes Food Supply, there are times that the supply of food is no longer
connected to the seasons. At any time of year, we can purchase food anywhere in the world. (2)
Labor Division is expanding because MNCs are looking for the cheapest ways to generate and
assemble parts, manufacturing processes can be shifted from industrialized to emerging countries
where prices are lower. (3) Less Job Security, work stability is increasingly transient and
unstable in the global economy. A poll of American employees found that individuals now have
7 to 10 jobs during their working lives. (4) Environmental Damage, more trade entails more
shipping that uses more fossil fuels and causes emissions. A major danger to our prosperity is
climate change. (5) Cultural Impact, Culture effect Websites like YouTube are linking people all
around the world. Diverse cultures are being overlooked as the world becomes more united. If
they eliminate local competition and thereby cause local businesses to close, MNCs may
establish a monoculture. (6) It Increase in Anti-Globalization Protests, there is an increasing
awareness of the harmful consequences of globalization. People have begun to understand that
groups that help each other in business and culture and through civic protest and government
advocacy will threaten globalization.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization:

Some of the advantages of Globalization according to Kyle (2020) is; (1) International Relations
Development in physical, political, and social fields, states are dependent on each other.
Integrating into broad associations and networks of multinational economic cooperatives. (2)
Benefits the Large Scales Operations in the wider business environment, globalization has
encouraged large production and marketing. The cost of production, on the one hand, is
decreasing; the amount of profit is also increasing. (3) The Geographical Division of Labor and
Specialization is expanding because of globalization. As a result, each country, according to its
relative advantage, may engage in productive work. (4) Global Image Rise everywhere, the
creation and selling of universal goods produce the same product image type. This improves
acceptance of goods. For starters, Coca-Cola or Pepsi may be said to have produced such a
global image. (5) Transfer of Knowledge, Skills, and Experience to developing countries can
quickly enrich themselves by the acquisition of learning skills, expertise and experience from
developing countries around the world. (6) Creating Free Trade Opportunities between various
countries has been encouraged by globalization. In the sense of e-commerce, this free trading has
been transferred to multiple degrees and rates. (7) Reducing International Conflict, countries in
the world have become more dependent on each other because of globalization. No nation
should, at present, conceive about itself differently. In order to minimize international tension,
the globalization in which it is produced plays a critical role. On the other hand, Kyle (2020) also
states that the Globalization also has disadvantages such as; (1) Increasing Economic Inequality,
as a result of globalization, the economic inequalities that one country produces with another are
considered. (2) Creation of Unequal Competition, because of globalization, developing nations
are closing down their factories because they are unable to sustain globalization. As a result, in
developed nations, the unemployment rate is rising day by day. (3) Disadvantages of the
Education System, the industrialized world spends a lot of money on education, and
underdeveloped nations are expected to invest a lot of money. Yet much of the time,
underdeveloped nations don't invest a lot of resources into school efforts. (4) Confidentiality is
Difficult to Protect, foreign equivalents, using the Internet, e-mail, fax, classified records, news
and information, take over underdeveloped countries as quickly as possible. (5) Cultural Crisis
today in society is agitated by globalization. The impoverishment of the society of poor or
underdeveloped countries in wealthy countries is on the brink of extinction.
 References:

[Image of globe with only grid lines]. (2020 April 8). https://www.pngaaa.com/detail/1315734
Connor, A.O. (2014 April 16). The causes and effects of globalization [PowerPoint Slides]. Slide
Share. https://www.slideshare.net/AislingMOConnor/the-causes-and-effects-of-
globalisation/
Globalization: Definition, benefits, effects, examples – What is globalization? (2020 October 6).
Retrieved from: https://youmatter.world/en/definition/definitions-globalization-definition-
benefits-effects-examples/
Kyle (2020 September 8). Benefits of globalization with advantages and disadvantages.
Retrieved from https://learntechit.com/benefits-of-
globalization/#Advantages_of_Globalization